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Mehta KS, Sinha SD, Vamsi B, Reddy B, Naidu NR, Thakur PA, Sreenivasa C, Reddy VPR, Pandey R, Durugkar S. Darbepoetin Alfa Versus Erythropoietin Alfa for Treatment of Renal Anemia in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease at the Pre-Dialysis Stage: A Randomized Non-inferiority Trial. J Assoc Physicians India 2019; 67:62-66. [PMID: 30935177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K S Mehta
- 1Department of Nephrology, B.L.Y. Nair Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra
| | - S D Sinha
- 2Hetero Group, Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Hetero Corporate, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | - Bandi Vamsi
- Hetero Group, Hetero Corporate, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | - Bala Reddy
- Hetero Biopharma, Hetero Group of Pharmaceuticals, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | - N R Naidu
- Hetero Group, Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Hetero Corporate, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | - P A Thakur
- Hetero Group, Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Hetero Corporate, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | - Chary Sreenivasa
- Hetero Group, Clinical Development and Medical Affairs, Hetero Corporate, Hyderabad, Telangana
| | | | - R Pandey
- 6Department of Nephrology, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research Kolkata, West Bengal
| | - S Durugkar
- Ashwini Hospital and Ramakanth Heart Care Center, Nanded, Maharashtra
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Das Sinha S, Sahni P, Nundy S. Does exchanging comments of Indian and non-Indian reviewers improve the quality of manuscript reviews? Natl Med J India 1999; 12:210-3. [PMID: 10613000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of peer reviewing in developing countries is thought to be poor. To examine whether this was so, we compared the performance of Indian and non-Indian reviewers who were sent original and review articles submitted to The National Medical Journal of India. We also tested whether informing reviewers that their comments would be exchanged improved the quality of their reviews. METHODS In a prospective, randomized, blinded study, we sent 100 manuscripts to pairs of peer reviewers (Indian and non-Indian) of which 78 pairs of completed replies were available for analysis. Thirty-eight pairs of reviews were exchanged and 40 were not. The quality of the reviews was assessed by two editors who were unaware of the reviewers' nationality and whether they had been told that their reviews would be exchanged. The quality of the reviews was scored out of 100 (based on a predesigned evaluation proforma). We also measured the time taken to return a manuscript. RESULTS Overall, non-Indian reviewers scored higher than Indians (mean scores non-Indians first, 56.7 v. 48.6, p < 0.001), especially those in the non-exchanged group (58.4 v. 47.3, p < 0.001) but not the exchanged group (54.8 v. 50.0, p < 0.06). Being informed that reviews would be exchanged did not affect the quality of reviews by non-Indians (54.8 exchanged v. 58.4 non-exchanged) or of reviews by Indians (50.0 exchanged v. 47.3 non-exchanged). The editors' assessment of the reviewers matched well (r = 0.59, p < 0.001). Non-Indians took the same amount of time as Indians to return their reviews, although the postage time was at least eight days longer. CONCLUSIONS We found that non-Indian peer reviewers were better than Indians and informing them that their views would be exchanged did not seem to affect the quality of their reviews. We suggest that Indian editors should also use non-Indian reviewers and start training programmes to improve the quality of peer reviews in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Das Sinha
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India
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Abstract
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an important cause of epidemic and sporadic acute viral hepatitis in many developing countries, including India. We evaluated the genetic variability within two regions (a 476-nt long ORF1 segment and a 304-nt long ORF2 segment) from specimens collected during three outbreaks in the cities of Karnal (1987), Yamunanagar (1989), and Meerut (1996), India, and from one patient, residing in Lucknow, India, who had a case of sporadic hepatitis (1996). Within an outbreak, sequences in the ORF1 and ORF2 regions were 99.3-100.0% identical. However, when strains were compared between outbreaks, identity in the ORF1 and ORF2 region was 97.1-99.2 and 96.4-100.0%, respectively. A comparison of these sequences to previously published Indian ORF1 and ORF2 sequences revealed even lower similarities, 95.2-98.5 and 95.1-98.7%, respectively. One patient in the Meerut outbreak had genomic sequences that differed substantially from the other patients affected during this outbreak and probably reflected a sporadic infection. The sporadic hepatitis E strain from Lucknow clustered with a previously described HEV strain from a patient with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF). Our data suggest that the ORF1 and ORF2 segments can be used to study the molecular epidemiology of HEV infection and indicate that much remains to be determined about the genetic variability of Indian HEV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aggarwal
- Hepatitis Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Centerfor Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Quarleri JF, Robertson BH, Mathet V, Sinha SD, Badía I, Frider B, Ferro A, Galoppo C, Sookoian S, Castaño G, Oubiã JR. Genomic and phylogenetic analysis of hepatitis C virus strains from Argentina. Medicina (B Aires) 1998; 58:153-9. [PMID: 9706248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HCV genomic characterization was performed by nucleotide sequence analysis (n=50) combined with restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) of the 5' UTR region in 82 isolates corresponding to different Argentine groups. Genotype 1 was detected in 70.7% of the samples (58 out of 82), genotype 2 in 21.9% (18 of 82) and genotype 3 in the remaining 6 sera (7.3%). HCV 1b subtype contributed with 35.3% to the whole population studied (29 to 82) and was detected in 6 out of 21 sporadic cases. Besides their epidemiological significance, these results should be taken into account when future vaccines are considered on the basis of geographical HCV genotypic prevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Quarleri
- Departmento de Microbiologia, Parasitologia e Inmunologia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Robertson BH, Alter MJ, Bell BP, Evatt B, McCaustland KA, Shapiro CN, Sinha SD, Souci JM. Hepatitis A virus sequence detected in clotting factor concentrates associated with disease transmission. Biologicals 1998; 26:95-9. [PMID: 9811512 DOI: 10.1006/biol.1998.0139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the early 1990s hepatitis A virus (HAV) infections among recipients of solvent-detergent treated factor VIII concentrates have occurred in Europe, South Africa and the United States. A review of the epidemiological and laboratory-based investigations of the outbreaks in Germany and Ireland were consistent with transmission by factor concentrates but limited information about transmission based upon nucleic acid sequences was obtained, and no clear chain of transmission could be established. Within the United States, hepatitis A infections associated with solvent detergent concentrate occurred in a single patient in 1993, and a cluster of cases in 1995. Although the 1993 factor concentrate was positive for virus, samples from the patient were not available. The virus present in the cluster of 1995 factor VIII patients, the factor concentrate they received, and the original plasma pool was identical, while the virus identified in the factor IX patient differed by a single base.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Robertson
- Hepatitis Branch, Division of Viral and Rickettsial Diseases, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Harpaz R, Von Seidlein L, Averhoff FM, Tormey MP, Sinha SD, Kotsopoulou K, Lambert SB, Robertson BH, Cherry JD, Shapiro CN. Transmission of hepatitis B virus to multiple patients from a surgeon without evidence of inadequate infection control. N Engl J Med 1996; 334:549-54. [PMID: 8569821 DOI: 10.1056/nejm199602293340901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although about 1 percent of surgeons are infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), transmission from surgeons to patients is thought to be uncommon. In July 1992, a 47-year-old woman became ill with acute hepatitis B after undergoing a thymectomy in which a thoracic-surgery resident who had had acute hepatitis B six months earlier assisted. METHODS To determine whether the surgeon transmitted HBV to this patient and others, we conducted chart reviews, interviews, and serologic testing of thoracic-surgery patients at the two hospitals where the surgeon worked from July 1991 to July 1992. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) subtypes and DNA sequences from the surgeon and from infected patients were determined. RESULTS Of 144 susceptible patients in whose surgery the infected surgeon participated, 19 had evidence of recent HBV infection (13 percent). One of the hospitals was selected for additional study, and none of the 124 susceptible patients of the other thoracic surgeons at this hospital had evidence of recent HBV infection (relative risk, infinity; 95 percent confidence interval, 4.7 to infinity). No evidence was found for any common source of HBV other than the infected surgeon. The HBsAg subtype and the partial HBV DNA sequences from the surgeon were identical to those in the infected patients. Transmission of the infection was associated with cardiac transplantation (relative risk, 4.9; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.5 to 15.5) but not with other surgical procedures. The surgeon was positive for hepatitis B e antigen and had a high serum HBV DNA concentration (15 ng per milliliter). Our investigations identified no deficiencies in the surgeon's infection-control practices. CONCLUSIONS In this outbreak there was surgeon-to-patient HBV transmission despite apparent compliance with recommended infection-control practices. We could not identify any specific events that led to transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Harpaz
- Hepatitis Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
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Heneine W, Musey VC, Sinha SD, Landay A, Northrup G, Khabbaz R, Kaplan JE. Absence of evidence for human spumaretrovirus sequences in patients with Graves' disease. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol 1995; 9:99-101. [PMID: 7712242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Zaki SR, Heneine W, Coffield LM, Greer PW, Sinha SD, Folks TM. In situ polymerase chain reaction amplification: applications and current limitations. AIDS 1994; 8:1186-8. [PMID: 7986421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Heneine W, Chan WC, Lust JA, Sinha SD, Zaki SR, Khabbaz RF, Kaplan JE. HTLV-II infection is rare in patients with large granular lymphocyte leukemia. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1988) 1994; 7:736-7. [PMID: 8207653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Simonsen L, Heneine W, Sinha SD, Arenberg IK. Absence of evidence for infection with the human spuma retrovirus in an outbreak of Menière-like vertiginous illness in Wyoming, USA. Acta Otolaryngol 1994; 114:223-4. [PMID: 8203206 DOI: 10.3109/00016489409126047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Heneine W, Woods TC, Sinha SD, Khan AS, Chapman LE, Schonberger LB, Folks TM. Lack of evidence for infection with known human and animal retroviruses in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome. Clin Infect Dis 1994; 18 Suppl 1:S121-5. [PMID: 8148438 DOI: 10.1093/clinids/18.supplement_1.s121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated 21 patients with chronic fatigue syndrome who were identified through the surveillance system of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta for the presence of several human and animal retroviruses. In addition, we evaluated 21 CDC employee controls matched with the patients for age (+/- 5 years), gender, and race. The viruses tested included human T-lymphotropic viruses types I and II; human spuma retrovirus; simian T-lymphotropic virus type I; simian retroviruses types 1, 2, and 3; bovine leukemia virus; feline leukemia virus; and gibbon ape leukemia virus. Samples of peripheral blood lymphocytes and leukocytes from patients and controls were analyzed in a blinded fashion for retroviral sequences; polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification assays and Southern blot hybridization to 32P-labeled internal oligoprobes were used. All PCR assays were optimized for maximal sensitivity on respective infected cell lines or plasmids, and sensitivity controls were included in each experiment. All samples from patients and controls were negative for the tested retroviral sequences. Our data indicate that none of these retroviruses plays an etiologic role or is a cofactor in the chronic fatigue syndrome illnesses of our study population.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Heneine
- Retrovirus Diseases Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
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Kitamura K, Zaki SR, Greer PW, Sinha SD, Folks TM. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha induces circular forms of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 DNA in the persistently infected low-level expressing cell line, ACH-2. Virus Res 1993; 27:113-8. [PMID: 8460525 DOI: 10.1016/0168-1702(93)90075-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The low human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) expressing T-cell line, ACH-2, was used to investigate accumulation of the circular, extrachromosomal form of HIV DNA (HD) after tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induction. We chose the 2 long terminal repeat (LTR) circular form to analyze unintegrated HD by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), using primer pairs which flank the 2 LTR HD. Approximately a 10-fold increase in 2 LTR HD was detected intracellularly in the TNF-alpha-induced ACH-2 cells using an end point-dilution assay. To examine the cellular compartment location of the 2 LTR HD accumulation, ACH-2 cells were fractionated into cytoplasmic and nuclear components and further subjected to PCR. A 4- to 5-fold increase in the 2 LTR HD signal was observed in the nuclear fraction. These results indicate that unintegrated HD increases in a chronically infected cell line after TNF-alpha induction. This phenomenon, which previously had been observed only with acute infections, may offer insight into basic pathogenic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kitamura
- Retrovirus Disease Branch, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333
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