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Abstract
We live in an era of wearable sensing, where our movement through the world can be continuously monitored by devices. Yet, we lack a portable sensor that can continuously monitor muscle, tendon, and bone motion, allowing us to monitor performance, deliver targeted rehabilitation, and provide intuitive, reflexive control over prostheses and exoskeletons. Here, we introduce a sensing modality, magnetomicrometry, that uses the relative positions of implanted magnetic beads to enable wireless tracking of tissue length changes. We demonstrate real-time muscle length tracking in an in vivo turkey model via chronically implanted magnetic beads while investigating accuracy, biocompatibility, and long-term implant stability. We anticipate that this tool will lay the groundwork for volitional control over wearable robots via real-time tracking of muscle lengths and speeds. Further, to inform future biomimetic control strategies, magnetomicrometry may also be used in the in vivo tracking of biological tissues to elucidate biomechanical principles of animal and human movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- C R Taylor
- MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - S S Srinivasan
- MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S H Yeon
- MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - M K O'Donnell
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - T J Roberts
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - H M Herr
- MIT Center for Extreme Bionics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA. .,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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2
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Dang CG, Cho SH, Sharma A, Kim HC, Jeon GJ, Yeon SH, Hong SK, Park BY, Kang HS, Lee SH. Genome-wide Association Study for Warner-Bratzler Shear Force and Sensory Traits in Hanwoo (Korean Cattle). Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 27:1328-35. [PMID: 25178377 PMCID: PMC4150200 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2013.13690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Significant SNPs associated with Warner-Bratzler (WB) shear force and sensory traits were confirmed for Hanwoo beef (Korean cattle). A Bonferroni-corrected genome-wide significant association (p<1.3×10−6) was detected with only one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on chromosome 5 for WB shear force. A slightly higher number of SNPs was significantly (p<0.001) associated with WB shear force than with other sensory traits. Further, 50, 25, 29, and 34 SNPs were significantly associated with WB shear force, tenderness, juiciness, and flavor likeness, respectively. The SNPs between p = 0.001 and p = 0.0001 thresholds explained 3% to 9% of the phenotypic variance, while the most significant SNPs accounted for 7% to 12% of the phenotypic variance. In conclusion, because WB shear force and sensory evaluation were moderately affected by a few loci and minimally affected by other loci, further studies are required by using a large sample size and high marker density.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Dang
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - S H Cho
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - A Sharma
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - H C Kim
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - G J Jeon
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - S H Yeon
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - S K Hong
- National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - B Y Park
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - H S Kang
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
| | - S H Lee
- Animal Product Research and Development Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon 441-706, Korea
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Sharma A, Dang CG, Kim KS, Kim JJ, Lee HK, Kim HC, Yeon SH, Kang HS, Lee SH. Validation of genetic polymorphisms on BTA14 associated with carcass trait in a commercial Hanwoo population. Anim Genet 2014; 45:863-7. [DOI: 10.1111/age.12204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Sharma
- Hanwoo Experiment Station; National Institute of Animal Science; RDA; Pyeongchang 232-950 Korea
| | - C. G. Dang
- Hanwoo Experiment Station; National Institute of Animal Science; RDA; Pyeongchang 232-950 Korea
| | - K. S. Kim
- Department of Animal Science; Chungbuk National University; Cheongju 361-763 Korea
| | - J. J. Kim
- School of Biotechnology; Yeungnam University; Daegu 717-749 Korea
| | - H. K. Lee
- Department of Biotechnology; Hankyung National University; An-sung 456-749 Korea
| | - H. C. Kim
- Hanwoo Experiment Station; National Institute of Animal Science; RDA; Pyeongchang 232-950 Korea
| | - S. H. Yeon
- Hanwoo Experiment Station; National Institute of Animal Science; RDA; Pyeongchang 232-950 Korea
| | - H. S. Kang
- Hanwoo Experiment Station; National Institute of Animal Science; RDA; Pyeongchang 232-950 Korea
| | - S. H. Lee
- Hanwoo Experiment Station; National Institute of Animal Science; RDA; Pyeongchang 232-950 Korea
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Yeon SH, Lee SH, Choi BH, Lee HJ, Jang GW, Lee KT, Kim KH, Lee JH, Chung HY. Genetic variation of FASN is associated with fatty acid composition of Hanwoo. Meat Sci 2013; 94:133-8. [PMID: 23403305 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 12/31/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify genetic variants in the bovine fatty acid synthase (FASN) gene and to evaluate associations with fatty acid composition from longissimus lumborum muscle using 90 purebred Hanwoo steers. Sequence alignments observed 6 genetic variants located in exons 20, 24, 32, 34, and 39, and PCR-RFLP analysis confirmed these variations. Genotypes of the g.15532A>C locus were significantly associated with Linolenic acid (C18:3), and genotypes of the g.17924G>A locus were significantly associated with Palmitic (C16:0), Palmitoleic (C16:1), Oleic (C18:1), saturated fatty acids, and unsaturated fatty acids. The analysis revealed that SFA and UFA showed significant correlations with fatty acid composition (Myristic (C14:0), Palmitic (C16:0), Stearic (C18:0), Oleic (C18:1), and Eicosenoic (C20:1) acids). Oleic acid (C18:1) was negatively correlated with Myristic (C14:0), Palmitic (C16:0), and Palmitoleic (C16:1) acids (P<0.001).
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Yeon
- National Institute of Animal Science, Pyeongchang, Republic of Korea
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Maharani D, Jung Y, Jung WY, Jo C, Ryoo SH, Lee SH, Yeon SH, Lee JH. Association of five candidate genes with fatty acid composition in Korean cattle. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:6113-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-011-1426-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 12/19/2011] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
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Wee MS, Park CK, Cho SR, Lee SS, Yeon SH, Kim CD, Cho CY, Choi SH, Sang BD, Son DS, Li ZD, Jin HJ. Association between HSP70 Genotypes and Oocytes Development on In vitro Maturation/Fertilization in Pig. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2008.70623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Kong HS, Oh JD, Lee JH, Jo KJ, Sang BD, Choi CH, Kim SD, Lee SJ, Yeon SH, Jeon GJ, Lee HK. Genetic Variation and Relationships of Korean Native Chickens and Foreign Breeds Using 15 Microsatellite Markers. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2006.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jin HJ, Park BY, Park JC, Hwang IH, Lee SS, Yeon SH, Kim CD, Cho CY, Kim YK, Min KS, Feng ST, Li ZD, Park CK, Kim CI. The Effects of Stress Related Genes on Carcass Traits and Meat Quality in Pigs. Asian Australas J Anim Sci 2005. [DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2006.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Jeong LS, Kim YH, Kim HO, Yoo SJ, Park YH, Yeon SH, Chun MW, Kim HD. Synthesis and antiviral activity of D- and L-2'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-4'-thiopyrimidine and purine nucleosides. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2001; 20:665-8. [PMID: 11563087 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Novel D- and L-2'-azido-2',3'-dideoxy-4'-thionucleosides were synthesized starting from L- and D-xylose via D- and L-4-thioarabitol derivative as key intermediates and evaluated for antiviral activity, respectively. When the final nucleosides were tested against HIV-1, HSV-1, HSV-2, and HCMV, they were found to be only active against HCMV without cytotoxicity up to 100 micrograms/ml.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Kim IH, Son DS, Yeon SH, Choi SH, Park SB, Ryu IS, Suh GH, Lee DW, Lee CS, Lee HJ, Yoon JT. Effect of dominant follicle removal before superstimulation on follicular growth, ovulation and embryo production in Holstein cows. Theriogenology 2001; 55:937-45. [PMID: 11291916 DOI: 10.1016/s0093-691x(01)00455-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This study was to investigate whether removing the dominant follicle 48 h before superstimulation influences follicular growth, ovulation and embryo production in Holstein cows. After synchronization, ovaries were scanned to assess the presence of a dominant follicle by ultrasonography with a real-time linear scanning ultrasound system on Days 4, 6 and 8 of the estrus cycle (Day 0 = day of estrus). Twenty-six Holstein cows with a dominant follicle were divided into 2 groups in which the dominant follicle was either removed (DFR group, n=13) by ultrasound-guided follicular aspiration or left intact (control group, n=13) on Day 8 of the estrus cycle. Superovulation treatment was initiated on Day 10. All donors were superovulated with injections of porcine FSH (Folltropin) twice daily with constant doses (total: 400 mg) over 4 d. On the 6th and 7th injections of Folltropin, 30 mg and 15 mg of PGF2alpha (Lutalyse) were given. Donors were inseminated twice at 12 h and 24 h after the onset of estrus. Embryos were recovered on Day 6 or 7 after AI. During superstimulation, the number of follicles 2 to 5 mm (small), 6 to 9 mm (medium) and > or = 10 mm (large) was determined by ultrasonography on a daily basis. At embryo recovery, the number of corpora lutea (CL) was also determined by ultrasonography and blood samples were collected for analysis of progesterone concentration. Follicular growth during superstimulation was earlier in the DFR group than in the control group. The number of medium and large follicles was greater (P < 0.01) in the DFR group than in the control group on Days 1 to 2 and Days 3 to 4 of superstimulation, respectively. The numbers of CL (9.6+/-1.1 vs 6.1+/-0.9) and progesterone concentration (30.9+/-5.4 vs 18.6+/-3.5 ng/mL) were greater (P < 0.05) in the DFR group than in the control group, respectively. The numbers of total ova (7.7+/-1.3 vs 3.9+/-1.0) and transferable embryos (4.6+/-0.9 vs 2.3+/-0.8) were also greater (P < 0.05) in the DFR group than in the control group, respectively. It is concluded that the removal of the dominant follicle 48 h before superstimulation promoted follicular growth, and increased ovulation and embryo production in Holstein cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Kim
- National Livestock Research Institute, RDA, Cheonan, Chungnam, Korea
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