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Schmidt F, Kohlbrenner D, Malesevic S, Huang A, Klein SD, Puhan MA, Kohler M. Mapping the landscape of lung cancer breath analysis: A scoping review (ELCABA). Lung Cancer 2023; 175:131-140. [PMID: 36529115 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2022.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide due to its late-stage detection. Lung cancer screening, including low-dose computed tomography (low-dose CT), provides an initial clinical solution. Nevertheless, further innovations and refinements would help to alleviate remaining limitations. The non-invasive, gentle, and fast nature of breath analysis (BA) makes this technology highly attractive to supplement low-dose CT for an improved screening algorithm. However, BA has not taken hold in everyday clinical practice. One reason might be the heterogeneity and variety of BA methods. This scoping review is a comprehensive summary of study designs, breath analytical methods, and suggested biomarkers in lung cancer. Furthermore, this synthesis provides a framework with core outcomes for future studies in lung cancer BA. This work supports future research for evidence synthesis, meta-analysis, and translation into clinical routine workflows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Schmidt
- University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pulmonology, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Dario Kohlbrenner
- University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pulmonology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Malesevic
- University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pulmonology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alice Huang
- University Hospital Zurich, Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine D Klein
- University of Zurich, University Library, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Milo A Puhan
- University of Zurich, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Malcolm Kohler
- University of Zurich, Faculty of Medicine, Zurich, Switzerland; University Hospital Zurich, Department of Pulmonology, Zurich, Switzerland; University of Zurich, Zurich Centre for Integrative Human Physiology, Zurich, Switzerland
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Fauchère J, Klein SD, Hendriks MJ, Baumann‐Hölzle R, Berger TM, Bucher HU. Swiss neonatal caregivers express diverging views on parental involvement in shared decision-making for extremely premature infants. Acta Paediatr 2021; 110:2074-2081. [PMID: 33657661 DOI: 10.1111/apa.15828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Due to scarce available national data, this study assessed current attitudes of neonatal caregivers regarding decisions on life-sustaining interventions, and their views on parents' aptitude to express their infant's best interest in shared decision-making. METHODS Self-administered web-based quantitative empirical survey. All 552 experienced neonatal physicians and nurses from all Swiss NICUs were eligible. RESULTS There was a high degree of agreement between physicians and nurses (response rates 79% and 70%, respectively) that the ability for social interactions was a minimal criterion for an acceptable quality of life. A majority stated that the parents' interests are as important as the child's best interest in shared decision-making. Only a minority considered the parents as the best judges of what is their child's best interest. Significant differences in attitudes and values emerged between neonatal physicians and nurses. The language area was very strongly associated with the attitudes of neonatal caregivers. CONCLUSION Despite clear legal requirements and societal expectations for shared decision-making, survey respondents demonstrated a gap between their expressed commitment to shared decision-making and their view on parental aptitude to formulate their infant's best interest. National guidelines need to address these barriers to shared decision-making to promote a more uniform nationwide practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Claude Fauchère
- Department of Neonatology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sabine D. Klein
- Department of Neonatology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Manya J. Hendriks
- Department of Neonatology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ruth Baumann‐Hölzle
- Dialogue Ethics Foundation Interdisciplinary Institute for Ethics in Healthcare Zurich Switzerland
| | - Thomas M.B. Berger
- Department of Neonatology University Children’s Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Hans Ulrich Bucher
- Department of Neonatology University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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Bucher HU, Klein SD, Hendriks MJ, Baumann-Hölzle R, Berger TM, Streuli JC, Fauchère JC. Correction to: Decision-making at the limit of viability: differing perceptions and opinions between neonatal physicians and nurses. BMC Pediatr 2020; 20:47. [PMID: 32005110 PMCID: PMC6993516 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-019-1890-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Tournier A, Würtenberger S, Klein SD, Baumgartner S. Physicochemical Investigations of Homeopathic Preparations: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis-Part 3. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 27:45-57. [PMID: 33121261 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In parts I and II of our review of physicochemical research performed on homeopathic preparations, we identified relevant publications and analyzed the data in terms of individual experiments, looking for the most promising techniques that were used in the past. In this third part, we analyze the results of the experiments seeking to extract information about the possible modes of action underpinning homeopathic preparations. Methods: We summarized the results from the 11 experimental areas previously introduced, extracting the general findings and trends. We also summarized the results in terms of specific research topics: aging, medium used for potentization, sample volume, temperature, material of potentization vessel, and, finally, the use of molecules to probe homeopathic samples. Results: We identified a number of effects that appear consistently throughout the data: Differences to controls seem to increase with: time, moderate temperature, small samples volume, and in ionic medium, whereas high temperatures seem to abolish differences to controls. Based on the present analysis, there is no consistent evidence to date for the nanoparticle hypothesis to explain specific homeopathic treatment effects. However, the quantum coherence domain hypothesis, the dynamic water cluster hypothesis, and the weak quantum theory are still contenders and need to be further assessed experimentally. Conclusions: The field requires further targeted experimentation to validate past findings reporting differences between homeopathic dilutions and controls, and to expand these findings by specifically testing the three main working hypotheses that are currently at hand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tournier
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Water Research Lab, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sandra Würtenberger
- Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, Hevert-Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG, Nussbaum, Germany
| | - Sabine D Klein
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Baumgartner
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Society for Cancer Research, Arlesheim, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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5
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Meier-Girard D, Gerstenberg G, Stoffel L, Kohler T, Klein SD, Eschenmoser M, Mitter VR, Nelle M, Wolf U. Euphrasia Eye Drops in Preterm Neonates With Ocular Discharge: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Trial. Front Pediatr 2020; 8:449. [PMID: 32850558 PMCID: PMC7431947 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2020.00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate whether the early administration of Euphrasia eye drops® in preterm neonates presenting with ocular discharge fosters the resolution of the ocular discharge and reduces the need for topical antibiotic therapy, as compared to placebo. Methods: We conducted a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial at the University Children's Hospital Bern, Switzerland. Preterm neonates with white, yellow, or green ocular discharge were included. Infants were randomly assigned (1:1) to the Euphrasia arm (Euphrasia eye drops®, Weleda AG, Arlesheim) or the placebo arm (NaCl 0.9%). Euphrasia or placebo was administrated at a dose of one drop in each eye four times a day over a period of 96 h. The primary outcome was the treatment success, defined as no ocular discharge at 96 h and no use of topical antibiotic therapy during the 96-h intervention. Results: A total of 114 neonates were screened and 84 were randomized. Among neonates in the Euphrasia arm, 22 (55.0%) achieved our primary outcome compared to 21 (51.2%) in the placebo arm (p = 0.85). In the Euphrasia arm, time to resolution of reddening tended to fall within the shorter bracket of 24 to 48 h (24 (92.3%) vs. 12 (80.0%) in the placebo arm, p = 0.34) and relapse or first signs of reddening during the 96-h intervention tended to be lower [3 (7.9%) eyes vs. 8 (18.2%) eyes in the placebo arm, p = 0.17]. Tearing at 96 h tended to be lower in the Euphrasia arm [5 (12.8%) eyes in the Euphrasia arm vs. 12 (27.3%) eyes in the placebo arm, p = 0.10]. Discussion: Euphrasia did not significantly improve treatment success, defined as no ocular discharge at 96 h and no use of topical antibiotic therapy during the 96-h intervention. However, results suggest that Euphrasia may be of benefit for symptoms such as reddening and tearing, and thus improve the comfort of patients. Trial Registration: The trial is registered at the US National Institutes of Health (ClinicalTrials.gov) NCT04122300 and at the portal for human research in Switzerland SNCTP000003490.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Meier-Girard
- Anthroposophically Extended Medicine, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gisa Gerstenberg
- Anthroposophically Extended Medicine, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Liliane Stoffel
- Department of Neonatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Therese Kohler
- Department of Neonatology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabine D. Klein
- Anthroposophically Extended Medicine, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Vera Ruth Mitter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mathias Nelle
- Neonatology Division, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- Anthroposophically Extended Medicine, Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Abstract
The feature is a part of the series about medical library services in various countries. It gives an overview of medical library services to support research, education and clinical practice in Switzerland. Data were collected by means of an online survey and set in the wider context of the Swiss healthcare system. Key findings are that library services, including support by academic librarians, are provided to health care staff in hospitals - both university and others, while there is no information service infrastructure to serve the large number of GPs and specialists who mostly run their own practice. The authors recommend that - if the health authorities take EBM seriously - information services should be introduced for these small practices. J.M.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerhard Bissels
- University of the Applied Sciences of the Grisons, Chur, Switzerland
| | | | - Isabelle de Kaenel
- Medical Library, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Tournier A, Klein SD, Würtenberger S, Wolf U, Baumgartner S. Physicochemical Investigations of Homeopathic Preparations: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis-Part 2. J Altern Complement Med 2019; 25:890-901. [PMID: 31290681 PMCID: PMC6760181 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2019.0064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In Part 1 of the review of physicochemical research performed on homeopathic preparations the authors identified relevant publications of sufficient reporting quality for further in-depth analysis. In this article, the authors analyze these publications to identify any empirical evidence for specific physicochemical properties of homeopathic preparations and to identify most promising experimental techniques for future studies. Methods: After an update of the literature search up to 2018, the authors analyzed all publications in terms of individual experiments. They extracted information regarding methodological criteria such as blinding, randomization, statistics, controls, sample preparation, and replications, as well as regarding experimental design and measurement methods applied. Scores were developed to identify experimental techniques with most reliable outcomes. Results: The publications analyzed described 203 experiments. Less than 25% used blinding and/or randomization, and about one third used adequate controls to identify specific effects of homeopathic preparations. The most promising techniques used so far are nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) relaxation, optical spectroscopy, and electrical impedance measurements. In these three areas, several sets of replicated high-quality experiments provide evidence for specific physicochemical properties of homeopathic preparations. Conclusions: The authors uncovered a number of promising experimental techniques that warrant replication to assess the reported physicochemical properties of homeopathic preparations compared with controls. They further discuss a range of experimental aspects that highlight the many factors that need to be taken into consideration when performing basic research into homeopathic potentization. For future experiments, the authors generally recommend using succussed (vigorously shaken) controls, or comparing different homeopathic preparations with each other to reliably identify any specific physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Tournier
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Water Research Lab, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine D Klein
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Würtenberger
- Scientific and Regulatory Affairs, Hevert-Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG, Nussbaum, Germany
| | - Ursula Wolf
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Baumgartner
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Society for Cancer Research, Arlesheim, Switzerland.,Institute of Integrative Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
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8
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Kloter E, Barrueto K, Klein SD, Scholkman F, Wolf U. Heart Rate Variability as a Prognostic Factor for Cancer Survival - A Systematic Review. Advances in Integrative Medicine 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aimed.2019.03.356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Bucher HU, Klein SD, Hendriks MJ, Baumann-Hölzle R, Berger TM, Streuli JC, Fauchère JC. Correction to: decision-making at the limit of viability: differing perceptions and opinions between neonatal physicians and nurses. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:226. [PMID: 29986696 PMCID: PMC6038305 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hans Ulrich Bucher
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Sabine D Klein
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manya J Hendriks
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Baumann-Hölzle
- Dialogue Ethics Foundation, Interdisciplinary Institute for Ethics in Health Care, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Berger
- Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Jürg C Streuli
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Fauchère
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
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von Bonin D, Klein SD, Würker J, Streit E, Avianus O, Grah C, Salomon J, Wolf U. Speech-guided breathing retraining in asthma: a randomised controlled crossover trial in real-life outpatient settings. Trials 2018; 19:333. [PMID: 29941003 PMCID: PMC6019518 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2727-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breathing retraining techniques have received increased attention in the management of asthma, because there is growing evidence of the usefulness of such methods in improving quality of life, reducing symptoms and reducing bronchodilator use. Our study investigated the effect of anthroposophic therapeutic speech (ATS), which uses sounds and syllabic rhythm to improve articulation, breathing and cardiorespiratory interaction, in patients with asthma in a real-life outpatient setting. Methods In a randomised controlled crossover trial, patients with asthma in three centres in Switzerland and Germany were randomised to either receive 11 ATS sessions or to wait. Subsequently, patients changed either to wait or to receive ATS. Primary outcomes were changes from the beginning to the end of each phase in the Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ) and spirometry parameters. Secondary outcomes were changes in inhaled glucocorticoids, the Asthma Control Test (ACT), peak flow and asthma exacerbations. Results Altogether, 63 patients were randomised, of which 56 were enrolled and 49 completed the study. Statistically significant differences between the ATS groups and waiting control groups were found for the overall AQLQ score (d = 0.86, p = 0.001) and the domain scores for symptoms, activity limitation and emotional function as well as ACT score (d = 0.53, p = 0.048). No significant differences were observed in spirometry parameters, inhaled glucocorticoids, peak flow and days without asthma exacerbation per week. No serious adverse events occurred during ATS sessions. Conclusions ATS significantly improves asthma control and quality of life in patients with asthma. Whether ATS may improve lung function remains to be shown. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02501824. Retrospectively registered on 8 July 2015. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2727-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dietrich von Bonin
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,Present address: Branch organisation of Swiss Arts Therapy associations, OdA ARTECURA, Utzigen, Switzerland
| | - Sabine D Klein
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jana Würker
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.,, Present address: Dresden, Germany
| | - Eva Streit
- Klinik Arlesheim, Arlesheim, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Avianus
- Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe, Clinic for Anthroposophical Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Grah
- Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Havelhöhe, Clinic for Anthroposophical Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ursula Wolf
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Fabrikstrasse 8, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
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Kloter E, Barrueto K, Klein SD, Scholkmann F, Wolf U. Heart Rate Variability as a Prognostic Factor for Cancer Survival - A Systematic Review. Front Physiol 2018; 9:623. [PMID: 29896113 PMCID: PMC5986915 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
An increasing cancer incidence affecting any age and social class is putting serious strain on populations and health care systems around the world. This systematic literature search aims (i) to examine the correlation of heart rate variability (HRV) and cancer patients' prognosis, (ii) to examine the relationship of HRV and clinicopathological features, and (iii) to compare HRV between different patient groups, and between patient and control groups. We conducted a systematic literature review following the PRISMA Statement. We searched the PubMed and EMBASE databases for publications released by December 2017. The search terms were: "cancer" AND "heart rate variability" AND "human" NOT "animal" NOT "review." A total of 19 studies were finally included in this review. Most publications were high-quality observational studies. The studies showed that higher HRV correlated positively with patients' progression of disease and outcome. Thus, we conclude that individuals with higher HRV and advanced coping mechanisms seem to have a better prognosis in cancer progression. HRV appears to be a useful aspect to access the general health status of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Kloter
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Katja Barrueto
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sabine D Klein
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Felix Scholkmann
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Bucher HU, Klein SD, Hendriks MJ, Baumann-Hölzle R, Berger TM, Streuli JC, Fauchère JC. Decision-making at the limit of viability: differing perceptions and opinions between neonatal physicians and nurses. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:81. [PMID: 29471821 PMCID: PMC5822553 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-018-1040-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the last 20 years, the chances for intact survival for extremely preterm infants have increased in high income countries. Decisions about withholding or withdrawing intensive care remain a major challenge in infants born at the limits of viability. Shared decision-making regarding these fragile infants between health care professionals and parents has become the preferred model today. However, there is an ongoing ethical debate on how decisions regarding life-sustaining treatment should be reached and who should have the final word when health care professionals and parents do not agree. We designed a survey among neonatologists and neonatal nurses to analyze practices, difficulties and parental involvement in end-of-life decisions for extremely preterm infants. Methods All 552 physicians and nurses with at least 12 months work experience in level III neonatal intensive care units (NICU) in Switzerland were invited to participate in an online survey with 50 questions. Differences between neonatologists and NICU nurses and between language regions were explored. Results Ninety six of 121 (79%) physicians and 302 of 431(70%) nurses completed the online questionnaire. The following difficulties with end-of-life decision-making were reported more frequently by nurses than physicians: insufficient time for decision-making, legal constraints and lack of consistent unit policies. Nurses also mentioned a lack of solidarity in our society and shortage of services for disabled more often than physicians. In the context of limiting intensive care in selected circumstances, nurses considered withholding tube feedings and respiratory support less acceptable than physicians. Nurses were more reluctant to give parents full authority to decide on the course of action for their infant. In contrast to professional category (nurse or physician), language region, professional experience and religion had little influence if any on the answers given. Conclusions Physicians and nurses differ in many aspects of how and by whom end-of-life decisions should be made in extremely preterm infants. The divergencies between nurses and physicians may be due to differences in ethics education, varying focus in patient care and direct exposure to the patients. Acknowledging these differences is important to avoid potential conflicts within the neonatal team but also with parents in the process of end-of-life decision-making in preterm infants born at the limits of viability. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12887-018-1040-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Ulrich Bucher
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Sabine D Klein
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manya J Hendriks
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Baumann-Hölzle
- Dialogue Ethics Foundation, Interdisciplinary Institute for Ethics in Health Care, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Berger
- Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Jürg C Streuli
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Fauchère
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Zurich, Frauenklinikstrasse 10, 8091, Zürich, Switzerland
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Klein SD, Würtenberger S, Wolf U, Baumgartner S, Tournier A. Physicochemical Investigations of Homeopathic Preparations: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis-Part 1. J Altern Complement Med 2018; 24:409-421. [PMID: 29377709 PMCID: PMC5961874 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2017.0249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The last systematic review of physicochemical research performed on homeopathic preparations was published in 2003. The aim of the study is to update and expand the current state of knowledge in the area of physicochemical properties of homeopathic preparations. In part 1 of the study, we aim to present an overview of the literature with respect to publication quality and methods used. In part 2, we aim to identify the most interesting experimental techniques. With this, we aim to be in a position to generate meaningful hypotheses regarding a possible mode of action of homeopathic preparations. Methods: A two-step procedure was adopted: (1) an extensive literature search, followed by a bibliometric and quality analysis on the level of publications and (2) a thorough qualitative analysis of the individual physicochemical investigations found. In this publication, we report on step (1). We searched major scientific databases to find publications reporting physicochemical investigations of homeopathy from its origin to the end of 2015. Publications were assessed using a scoring scheme, the Manuscript Information Score (MIS). Information regarding country of origin of the research and experimental techniques used was extracted. Results: We identified 183 publications (compared to 44 in the last review), 122 of which had an MIS ≥5. The rate of publication in the field was ∼2 per year from the 1970s until 2000. Afterward, it increased to over 5.5 publications per year. The quality of publications was seen to increase sharply from 2000 onward, whereas before 2000, only 12 (13%) publications were rated as “high quality” (MIS ≥7.5); 44 (48%) publications were rated as “high quality” from 2000 onward. Countries with most publications were Germany (n = 42, 23%), France (n = 29, 16%), India (n = 27, 15%), and Italy (n = 26, 14%). Techniques most frequently used were electrical impedance (26%), analytical methods (20%), spectroscopy (20%), and nuclear magnetic resonance (19%). Conclusions: Physicochemical research into homeopathic preparations is increasing both in terms of quantity and quality of the publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine D Klein
- 1 Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sandra Würtenberger
- 2 Scientific & Regulatory Affairs, Hevert-Arzneimittel GmbH & Co. KG , Nussbaum, Germany
| | - Ursula Wolf
- 1 Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Baumgartner
- 1 Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland .,3 Society for Cancer Research , Arlesheim, Switzerland .,4 Institute of Integrative Medicine, University of Witten/Herdecke , Witten, Germany
| | - Alexander Tournier
- 1 Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern , Bern, Switzerland .,5 Homeopathy Research Institute , London, United Kingdom
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Metz AJ, Klein SD, Scholkmann F, Wolf U. Continuous coloured light altered human brain haemodynamics and oxygenation assessed by systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10027. [PMID: 28855556 PMCID: PMC5577215 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09970-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to artificial coloured light is unavoidable in our modern life, but we are only just beginning to understand the impact of coloured light on human physiology. The aim of the present study was to determine effects of coloured light exposure on human systemic and brain physiology using systemic physiology augmented functional near-infrared spectroscopy (SPA-fNIRS). We measured changes in haemoglobin concentrations and tissue oxygen saturation in the left and right prefrontal cortices (L-PFC, R-PFC) by fNIRS, and also recorded skin conductance (SC), partial pressure of end-tidal CO2 (PETCO2), and heart-rate variability variables. 17 healthy adults (median age: 29 years, range: 25–65 years, 6 women) were exposed to blue, red, green, or yellow light for 10 minutes. Pre-light and post-light conditions were in darkness. In the L-PFC the yellow evoked a brain activation. SC and PETCO2 did not change during any of the coloured light exposures, but SC increased and PETCO2 decreased for all colours (except green) in the post-light period. Changes in L-PFC haemoglobin concentration were also observed during the post-light period but have to be interpreted with care, because heart rate and SC increased while PETCO2 decreased. The detected effects are potentially of high relevance for choosing room lighting and may possibly be applied therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Metz
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - S D Klein
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine, Bern, Switzerland
| | - F Scholkmann
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine, Bern, Switzerland.,University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Department of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Wolf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine, Bern, Switzerland.
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Klein SD, Bucher HU, Hendriks MJ, Baumann-Hölzle R, Streuli JC, Berger TM, Fauchère JC, On Behalf Of The Swiss Neonatal End-Of-Life Study Group. Sources of distress for physicians and nurses working in Swiss neonatal intensive care units. Swiss Med Wkly 2017; 147:w14477. [PMID: 28804867 DOI: 10.4414/smw.2017.14477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical personnel working in intensive care often face difficult ethical dilemmas. These may represent important sources of distress and may lead to a diminished self-perceived quality of care and eventually to burnout. AIMS OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to identify work-related sources of distress and to assess symptoms of burnout among physicians and nurses working in Swiss neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). METHODS In summer 2015, we conducted an anonymous online survey comprising 140 questions about difficult ethical decisions concerning extremely preterm infants. Of these 140 questions, 12 questions related to sources of distress and 10 to burnout. All physicians and nurses (n = 552) working in the nine NICUs in Switzerland were invited to participate. RESULTS The response rate was 72% (398). The aspects of work most commonly identified as sources of distress were: lack of regular staff meetings, lack of time for routine discussion of difficult cases, lack of psychological support for the NICU staff and families, and missing transmission of important information within the caregiver team. Differences between physicians' and nurses' perceptions became apparent: for example, nurses were more dissatisfied with the quality of the decision-making process. Different perceptions were also noted between staff in the German- and French- speaking parts of Switzerland: for example, respondents from the French part rated lack of regular staff meetings as being more problematic. On the other hand, personnel in the French part were more satisfied with their accomplishments in the job. On average, low levels of burnout symptoms were revealed, and only 6% of respondents answered that the work-related burden often affected their private life. CONCLUSIONS Perceived sources of distress in Swiss NICUs were similar to those in ICU studies. Despite rare symptoms of burnout, communication measures such as regular staff meetings and psychological support to prevent distress were clearly requested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine D Klein
- Department of Neonatology, Perinatal Centre, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Ulrich Bucher
- Department of Neonatology, Perinatal Centre, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Manya J Hendriks
- Department of Neonatology, Perinatal Centre, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Baumann-Hölzle
- Dialogue Ethics Foundation, Interdisciplinary Institute for Ethics in Health Care, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg C Streuli
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas M Berger
- Neonatal and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children's Hospital of Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Fauchère
- Department of Neonatology, Perinatal Centre, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Hendriks MJ, Bucher HU, Klein SD, Streuli JC, Baumann-Hölzle R, Fauchère JC. Exploring societal solidarity in the context of extreme prematurity. Swiss Med Wkly 2017; 147:w14418. [PMID: 28322431 DOI: 10.4414/smw.2017.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
QUESTION Extreme prematurity can result in long-term disabilities. Its impact on society is often not taken into account and deemed controversial. Our study examined attitudes of the Swiss population regarding extreme prematurity and people's perspectives regarding the question of solidarity with disabled people. METHODS We conducted a nationwide representative anonymous telephone survey with 1210 Swiss residents aged 18 years or older. We asked how people estimate their own personal solidarity, the solidarity of their social environment and the solidarity across the country with disabled persons. Spearman's correlation calculations were used to assess if a correlation exists between solidarity and setting financial limits to intensive care and between solidarity and withholding neonatal intensive care. RESULTS According to 36.0% of the respondents intensive medical care should not be withheld from extremely preterm infants, even if their chances for an acceptable quality of life were poor. For 28.8%, intensive care should be withheld from these infants, and 26.9% held an intermediate position depending on the situation. A total of 31.5% were against setting a financial limit to treatment of extremely preterm newborns with an uncertain future quality of life, 34.2% were in favour and 26.9% were deliberating. A majority (88.8%) considered their solidarity toward disabled people as substantial; the solidarity of their personal environment and of the society at large was estimated as high by 79.1% and 48.6%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The Swiss population expressed a high level of solidarity which may alleviate some pressure on parents and health care providers in the decision-making process in neonatal intensive care units. In addition, there was no relationship between solidarity and people's willingness to pay for the care or withholding treatment of extremely preterm babies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya J Hendriks
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland; Department of Neonatology, Perinatal Centre, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hans Ulrich Bucher
- Department of Neonatology, Perinatal Centre, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine D Klein
- Department of Neonatology, Perinatal Centre, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jürg C Streuli
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Baumann-Hölzle
- Dialogue Ethics Foundation, Interdisciplinary Institute for Ethics in Health Care, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Fauchère
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Hendriks MJ, Klein SD, Bucher HU, Baumann-Hölzle R, Streuli JC, Fauchère JC. Attitudes towards decisions about extremely premature infants differed between Swiss linguistic regions in population-based study. Acta Paediatr 2017; 106:423-429. [PMID: 27880025 DOI: 10.1111/apa.13680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Studies have provided insights into the different attitudes and values of healthcare professionals and parents towards extreme prematurity. This study explored societal attitudes and values in Switzerland with regard to this patient group. METHODS A nationwide trilingual telephone survey was conducted in the French-, German- and Italian-speaking regions of Switzerland to explore the general population's attitudes and values with regard to extreme prematurity. Swiss residents of 18 years or older were recruited from the official telephone registry using quota sampling and a logistic regression model assessed the influence of socio-demographic factors on end-of-life decision-making. RESULTS Of the 5112 people contacted, 1210 (23.7%) participated. Of these 5% were the parents of a premature infant and 26% knew parents with a premature infant. Most participants (77.8%) highlighted their strong preference for shared decision-making, and 64.6% said that if there was dissent then the parents should have the final word. Overall, our logistic regression model showed that regional differences were the most significant factors influencing decision-making. CONCLUSION The majority of the Swiss population clearly favoured shared decision-making. The context of sociocultural demographics, especially the linguistic region in which the decision-making took place, strongly influenced attitudes towards extreme prematurity and decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manya J. Hendriks
- Department of Neonatology; Perinatal Centre; University Hospital Zurich; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Sabine D. Klein
- Department of Neonatology; Perinatal Centre; University Hospital Zurich; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Hans Ulrich Bucher
- Department of Neonatology; Perinatal Centre; University Hospital Zurich; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ruth Baumann-Hölzle
- Dialogue Ethics Foundation; Interdisciplinary Institute for Ethics in Healthcare; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jürg C. Streuli
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics and History of Medicine; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Jean-Claude Fauchère
- Department of Neonatology; Perinatal Centre; University Hospital Zurich; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
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Klein SD, Tournier A, Würtenberger S, Wolf U, Baumgartner S. Physicochemical investigations of homeopathic potencies: A systematic review of the literature. Eur J Integr Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2016.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Hoffmann A, Klein SD, Gründemann C, Garcia-Käufer M, Wolf U, Huber R. Efficacy of a Nasal Spray from Citrus limon and Cydonia oblonga for the Treatment of Hay Fever Symptoms-A Randomized, Placebo Controlled Cross-Over Study. Phytother Res 2016; 30:1481-6. [PMID: 27282490 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Nasal spray from lemon and quince (LQNS) is used to treat hay fever symptoms and has been shown to inhibit histamine release from mast cells in vitro. Forty-three patients with grass pollen allergy (GPA) were randomized to be treated either with placebo or LQNS for one week, respectively, in a cross-over study. At baseline and after the respective treatments patients were provoked with grass pollen allergen. Outcome parameters were nasal flow measured with rhinomanometry (primary), a nasal symptom score, histamine in the nasal mucus and tolerability. In the per protocol population absolute inspiratory nasal flow 10 and 20 min after provocation was higher with LQNS compared to placebo (-37 ± 87 mL/s; p = 0.027 and -44 ± 85 mL/s; p = 0.022). The nasal symptom score showed a trend (3.3 ± 1.8 in the placebo and 2.8 ± 1.5 in the LQNS group; p = 0.070) in favor of LQNS; the histamine concentration was not significantly different between the groups. Tolerability of both, LQNS and placebo, was rated as very good. LQNS seems to have an anti-allergic effect in patients with GPA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hoffmann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - S D Klein
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - C Gründemann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Garcia-Käufer
- Center for Complementary Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
| | - U Wolf
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - R Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, University Medical Center Freiburg, Germany
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Hochstrasser RJ, Endler PC, Klein SD. [Influence of Therapeutic Qi on Heart Rate Variability in Acupuncture: a Randomized Controlled Study]. Complement Med Res 2016; 22:389-93. [PMID: 26840421 DOI: 10.1159/000442398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a recent acupuncture study, volunteers were able to sense stimulation by ‘therapeutic Qi' even when mechanical and psychological causes were excluded. Here, we investigated if ‘therapeutic Qi' also influences the heart rate variability. METHODS This was a controlled, randomized, single-blind crossover study with 30 volunteers. Using a special device, an acupuncture needle was inserted in the acupuncture point Pe6. With another device, the protruding end of the needle was fixed so that no transmission of mechanical movement to the tip was possible when the handle was touched. During the experimental intervention, the therapist touched the handle of the needle to stimulate Qi. During the control intervention, the needle was left untouched. During the null intervention, no needle was inserted. Before and after the interventions, parameters of heart rate variability (HRV) were measured. RESULTS Between the 3 interventions no significant differences in HRV parameters were observed. From pre- to post-measurement the heart rate decreased in the control and experimental interventions (-2 min(-1), d = 0.24 and -2 min(-1), d = 0.24, respectively), RMSSD increased significantly when the needle was touched and Qi was stimulated (+9.7 ms, d = -0.32). CONCLUSION Within this setting the subjectively perceived stimulation with therapeutic Qi could not be confirmed by using objective HRV measures.
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Tournier AL, Klein SD, Würtenberger S, Wolf U, Baumgartner S. Physicochemical investigations of homeopathic potencies: a systematic review of the literature. HOMEOPATHY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.homp.2015.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Klein SD, Torchetti L, Frei-Erb M, Wolf U. Correction: Usage of Complementary Medicine in Switzerland: Results of the Swiss Health Survey 2012 and Development Since 2007. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144676. [PMID: 26650080 PMCID: PMC4674071 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Klein SD, Bayard C, Wolf U. The Alexander Technique and musicians: a systematic review of controlled trials. Altern Ther Health Med 2014; 14:414. [PMID: 25344325 PMCID: PMC4287507 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-14-414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Musculoskeletal disorders, stress and performance anxiety are common in musicians. Therefore, some use the Alexander Technique (AT), a psycho-physical method that helps to release unnecessary muscle tension and re-educates non-beneficial movement patterns through intentional inhibition of unwanted habitual behaviours. According to a recent review AT sessions may be effective for chronic back pain. This review aimed to evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of AT sessions on musicians' performance, anxiety, respiratory function and posture. METHODS The following electronic databases were searched up to February 2014 for relevant publications: PUBMED, Google Scholar, CINAHL, EMBASE, AMED, PsycINFO and RILM. The search criteria were "Alexander Technique" AND "music*". References were searched, and experts and societies of AT or musicians' medicine contacted for further publications. RESULTS 237 citations were assessed. 12 studies were included for further analysis, 5 of which were randomised controlled trials (RCTs), 5 controlled but not randomised (CTs), and 2 mixed methods studies. Main outcome measures in RCTs and CTs were music performance, respiratory function, performance anxiety, body use and posture. Music performance was judged by external experts and found to be improved by AT in 1 of 3 RCTs; in 1 RCT comparing neurofeedback (NF) to AT, only NF caused improvements. Respiratory function was investigated in 2 RCTs, but not improved by AT training. Performance anxiety was mostly assessed by questionnaires and decreased by AT in 2 of 2 RCTs and in 2 of 2 CTs. CONCLUSIONS A variety of outcome measures has been used to investigate the effectiveness of AT sessions in musicians. Evidence from RCTs and CTs suggests that AT sessions may improve performance anxiety in musicians. Effects on music performance, respiratory function and posture yet remain inconclusive. Future trials with well-established study designs are warranted to further and more reliably explore the potential of AT in the interest of musicians.
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Klein SD, Stauffacher R, Wolf U. Effect of Electromagnetic Fields on Highly Diluted Remedies Measured by Ultraviolet Spectroscopy. J Altern Complement Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1089/acm.2014.5203.abstract] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine D. Klein
- (1) Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Ursula Wolf
- (1) Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Scholkmann F, Klein SD, Gerber U, Wolf M, Wolf U. Cerebral hemodynamic and oxygenation changes induced by inner and heard speech: a study combining functional near-infrared spectroscopy and capnography. J Biomed Opt 2014; 19:17002. [PMID: 24419872 DOI: 10.1117/1.jbo.19.1.017002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of inner and heard speech on cerebral hemodynamics and oxygenation in the anterior prefrontal cortex (PFC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy and to test whether potential effects were caused by alterations in the arterial carbon dioxide pressure (PaCO2). Twenty-nine healthy adult volunteers performed six different tasks of inner and heard speech according to a randomized crossover design. During the tasks, we generally found a decrease in PaCO2 (only for inner speech), tissue oxygen saturation (StO2), oxyhemoglobin ([O2Hb]), total hemoglobin ([tHb]) concentration and an increase in deoxyhemoglobin concentration ([HHb]). Furthermore, we found significant relations between changes in [O2Hb], [HHb], [tHb], or StO2 and the participants' age, the baseline PETCO2, or certain speech tasks. We conclude that changes in breathing during the tasks led to lower PaCO2 (hypocapnia) for inner speech. During heard speech, no significant changes in PaCO2 occurred, but the decreases in StO2, [O2Hb], and [tHb] suggest that changes in PaCO2 were also involved here. Different verse types (hexameter and alliteration) led to different changes in [tHb], implying different brain activations. In conclusion, StO2, [O2Hb], [HHb], and [tHb] are affected by interplay of both PaCO2 reactivity and functional brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Scholkmann
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine IKOM, 3010 Bern, SwitzerlandbUniversity Hospital Zurich, Division of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sabine D Klein
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine IKOM, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ursina Gerber
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine IKOM, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Wolf
- University Hospital Zurich, Division of Neonatology, Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ursula Wolf
- University of Bern, Institute of Complementary Medicine IKOM, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine D Klein
- Institute of Complementary Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
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Hochstrasser RJ, Endler PC, Klein SD. Introduction of two novel devices for investigating the influence of non-mechanical components such as therapeutic qi in acupuncture. Journal of Integrative Medicine 2013; 11:168-74. [DOI: 10.3736/jintegrmed2013030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Abstract
QUESTIONS UNDER STUDY This study investigated the use among the Swiss adult population and regional dissemination of various methods of complementary medicine (CM) provided by physicians or therapists in Switzerland. METHODS Data of the Swiss Health Survey 2007 were used, which comprised a telephone interview followed by a written questionnaire (18,760 and 14,432 respondents, respectively) and included questions about people's state of health, health insurance and usage of health services. Users and non-users of CM were compared using logistic regression models. RESULTS The most popular CM methods were homeopathy, osteopathy, acupuncture and shiatsu/foot reflexology. 30.5% of women and 15.2% of men used at least one CM method in the 12 months preceding the survey. Lake Geneva region and central Switzerland had more CM users than the other regions. Women, people between 25 and 64 years of age and people with higher levels of education were more likely to use CM. 53.5% of the adult population had a supplemental health insurance for CM treatments. 32.9% of people with such an insurance used CM during the 12 months preceding the survey, and so did 12.0% of people without additional insurance. CONCLUSIONS Almost one fourth of the Swiss adult population had used CM within the past 12 months. User profiles were comparable to those in other countries. Despite a generally lower self-perceived health status, elderly people were less likely to use CM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine D Klein
- Institute for Complementary Medicine KIKOM, Inselspital, Bern, Switzerland.
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Klein SD, Becker S, Wolf U. Occurrence of Chai Hu (Bupleuri Radix) in Prescriptions of Chinese Herbal Medicine in Switzerland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:242-6. [DOI: 10.1159/000343506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Abstract
QUESTIONS The Swiss Health Observatory recently reported that the Canton of Zurich ranked fourth highest among the Swiss cantons in regard to suicide rates. The aim of this study was to identify sociodemographic risk factors (such as sex, age, marital status, religion and place of residence) in relation to suicide rates in the Canton of Zurich, and to explore suicide methods and co-morbidities from all suicides in this area between 1995 and 2007. METHOD Data from Swiss statistics on causes of death were analysed using statistical modelling. RESULTS Suicides were found to be more frequent among men than women, and suicide was more prevalent in older or single people than in younger or married people, respectively. Age groups over 70 had increasingly high suicide rates compared to lower age groups. Investigating geographical distribution, highest suicide risks were found in the cities and high-income municipalities. The chosen suicide methods differed among age and sex groups. Poisoning was more than twice as frequent among women, and more common with increasing age in both sexes. Usage of firearms was about ten times as frequent among men. For train suicides, the age group of 10 to 19 years predominated. In 36% of suicide cases, mental disorders were listed as co-morbidities; in 12% malignant tumours were reported. CONCLUSIONS Relatively low rates of mental illness were reported in older suicide victims, despite a massively rising suicide rate with increase of age, indicating that undiagnosed depression could contribute to the high suicide rates in the elderly. Demographic changes in the coming years may result in larger numbers of suicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine D Klein
- Statistical Office of the Canton of Zurich, Bleicherweg 5, 8090 Zürich, CH.
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Barrie M, Klein SD, Brown CA, Edge MD, Affronti JA, Cai Q. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography after a liquid fatty meal: effect on deep common bile duct cannulation time. Endoscopy 2006; 38:241-8. [PMID: 16528650 DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-921116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important gastrointestinal endoscopic procedure in the study and treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases. The critical step of the procedure is cannulation of the common bile duct (CBD) and/or the pancreatic duct. Cannulation can be a technical challenge at times. Fat is a natural stimulator for bile secretion and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a liquid fatty meal on deep CBD cannulation during ERCP. PATIENTS AND METHODS We performed a randomized double-blind study in 84 patients to examine the effect of a liquid fatty meal on deep CBD cannulation during ERCP, in a teaching medical center. In the study group, each patient had a liquid fatty meal orally about 1 hour before the procedure. In the control group, each patient had the same volume of a non-fat meal. The appearance of the major papilla, the cannulation rate, the cannulation time, and the fluoroscopy time during cannulation were compared for the two groups. RESULTS The orifice of the CBD/pancreatic duct was much more easily identified in the group who ingested the fatty meal. Compared with the non-fat meal group, in the fatty meal group the mean and the median deep CBD cannulation times were shorter, at 8.0 minutes vs. 14.7 minutes ( P = 0.005) and 8.0 minutes vs. 11.5 minutes ( P = 0.008), respectively. Additionally, in the fatty meal group, the mean and the median fluoroscopy times during deep CBD cannulation were lower, at 3.3 minutes vs. 6.1 minutes ( P = 0.040) and 2.5 minutes vs. 3.9 minutes ( P = 0.013), respectively. There were no complications, such as aspiration, associated with the liquid meals given shortly before the ERCP procedure. CONCLUSIONS To avoid prolonged cannulation and unnecessary radiation exposure, patients should have a liquid fatty meal before ERCP procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barrie
- Division of Digestive Diseases, Emory University School of Medicine, 1365 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Zimmermann A, Walt H, Haller U, Baas P, Klein SD. Effects of chlorin-mediated photodynamic therapy combined with fluoropyrimidines in vitro and in a patient. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2003; 51:147-54. [PMID: 12647016 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-002-0549-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2002] [Accepted: 10/08/2002] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) is becoming an additional cancer therapy, only little is known about its interactions with other drugs and treatment modalities in vitro and in vivo. We investigated the combination of 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (5FdUr), a chemotherapeutic drug, with 5,10,15,20-tetra( m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC), a potent photosensitizer. Two cell lines, MCF-7 and LNCaP, were either simultaneously or consecutively incubated with both drugs and irradiated with laser light to activate mTHPC, and cell survival was determined. The combination of the two treatments was additive or antagonistic in LNCaP cells but additive or synergistic in MCF-7 cells depending on the protocol and concentration of 5FdUr. In one patient with multiple basal cell carcinoma, the effect of the combination of 5-fluorouracil administration followed by PDT resulted in significantly stronger effects than expected, leading to severe oedema, redness and ulceration. The healing process was delayed by 2 months compared to PDT alone. It is therefore important to find optimal conditions under which PDT and chemotherapy combinations do not fall outside the therapeutic window.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Zimmermann
- Research Division of Gynaecology, Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Zurich, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Heat-shock protein (Hsp) 70 is an inhibitor of apoptosis and has been shown to protect against nitric oxide-mediated toxicity. To gain mechanistic insights into the actions of Hsp70, we stably transfected RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages with the human Hsp70 gene and investigated critical steps in the progression towards cell demise. Incubation of control and Hsp70-transfected macrophages with S-nitrosoglutathione induced accumulation of the tumour suppressor p53, expression of p21(WAF1/CIP1) (where WAF1 corresponds to wild-type p53-activated fragment 1 and CIP1 corresponds to cyclin-dependent kinase-interacting protein 1) and G(1) cell-cycle arrest. However, cytochrome c translocation to the cytosol and activation of caspase 9 and caspase 3 were markedly reduced in Hsp70-overexpressing cells. In addition, changes in nuclear morphology, as determined by Hoechst staining, and the appearance of cells in the sub-G(1) phase were diminished in Hsp70-overexpressing cells compared with controls. We conclude that, in macrophages, Hsp70 interferes with cytochrome c release from mitochondria and, thereby, prevents nitric oxide-induced apoptosis, but leaves p53 accumulation and interference in the cell cycle intact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine D Klein
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Strasse, 67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to evaluate various creams for their capability to protect photosensitized skin from visible light. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Two cover creams and creams containing various combinations of Vaseline with TiO(2), ZnO, and Fe(2)O(3) were used to measure the reduced light transmission and the light absorption spectrum. In vitro and in vivo tests were performed to assess the protection from light by above mentioned compounds. RESULTS The cover creams and the 50% TiO(2) cream showed similar efficacy in reducing light transmission, while the sunscreen was less efficient by a factor of 5. Cell protection by 25% TiO(2)+25% ZnO, TiO(2), or the cover creams was more efficient than protection by the sunscreen or other compounds. In vivo, the dark cover cream protected the skin by a factor of 3.4 better than the sunscreen. CONCLUSION The dark cover cream has acceptable properties to protect photosensitized skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Schwarz
- Research Division of Gynecology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Wolf D, Schümann J, Koerber K, Kiemer AK, Vollmar AM, Sass G, Papadopoulos T, Bang R, Klein SD, Brüne B, Tiegs G. Low-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid induces nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent resistance against tumor necrosis factor alpha-mediated liver injury in mice. Hepatology 2001; 34:535-47. [PMID: 11526540 DOI: 10.1053/jhep.2001.27218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
Liver resident NK1.1+ T cells are supposed to play a pivotal role in the onset of inflammatory liver injury in experimental mouse models such as concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis. These cells, expressing the adhesion receptor, CD44, are largely depleted from the liver by a single intravenous injection of low-molecular-weight fragments of hyaluronic acid (LMW-HA). Here, we report that LMW-HA pretreatment protected mice from liver injury in several models of T-cell- and macrophage-dependent, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha)-mediated inflammatory liver injury, i.e., from liver injury induced by either Con A or Pseudomonas exotoxin A (PEA) or PEA/lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Interestingly, apart from inhibition of cellular adhesion, pretreatment of mice with LMW-HA was also capable of preventing hepatocellular apoptosis and activation of caspase-3 induced by direct administration of recombinant murine (rmu) TNF-alpha to D-galactosamine (GalN)-sensitized mice. LMW-HA-induced hepatoprotection could be neutralized by pretreatment with the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitor, pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), demonstrating the involvement of NF-kappaB in the observed protective mechanism. Indeed, injection of LMW-HA rapidly induced the production of TNF-alpha by Kupffer cells and the translocation of NF-kappaB into hepatocellular nuclei. Both LMW-HA-induced TNF-alpha production and NF-kappaB translocation were blocked by pretreatment with PDTC. Our findings provide evidence for an unknown mechanism of LMW-HA-dependent protection from inflammatory liver disease, i.e., induction of TNF-alpha- and NF-kappaB-dependent cytoprotective proteins within the target parenchymal liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wolf
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Ladner DP, Klein SD, Steiner RA, Walt H. Synergistic toxicity of delta-aminolaevulinic acid-induced protoporphyrin IX used for photodiagnosis and hypericum extract, a herbal antidepressant. Br J Dermatol 2001; 144:916-8. [PMID: 11298571 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04167.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The seleno-organic compound ebselen mimics the glutathione-dependent, hydroperoxide reducing activity of glutathione peroxidase. The activity of glutathione peroxidase determines the rate of hydroperoxide-induced Ca2+ release from mitochondria. Ebselen stimulates Ca2+ release from mitochondria, accelerates mitochondrial respiration and uncoupling, and induces mitochondrial swelling, indicating a deterioration of mitochondrial function. These manifestations are abolished by cyclosporine A, a potent inhibitor of the mitochondrial permeability transition. However, when ebselen-induced Ca2+ cycling is prevented with ruthenium red, an inhibitor of the Ca2+ uniporter, or by chelation of extramitochondrial Ca2+ by EGTA, no detectable elevation of swelling or uncoupling is observed. The release of Ca2+ from mitochondria is delayed in the absence of rotenone, i.e. when pyridine nucleotides are maintained in the reduced state due to succinate-driven reversed electron flow. We suggest that ebselen induces Ca2+ release from intact mitochondria via an NAD+ hydrolysis-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gogvadze
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, USA
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Klein SD, Walt H, Rocha S, Ghafourifar P, Pruschy M, Winterhalter KH, Richter C. Overexpression of Bcl-2 enhances sensitivity of L929 cells to a lipophilic cationic photosensitiser. Cell Death Differ 2001; 8:204-6. [PMID: 11313723 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) exerts a wide range of its biological properties via its interaction with mitochondria. By competing with O(2), physiologically relevant concentrations of NO reversibly inhibit cytochrome oxidase and decrease O(2) consumption, in a manner resembling a pharmacological competitive antagonism. The inhibition regulates many cellular functions, by e.g., regulating the synthesis of ATP and the formation of mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Delta Psi). NO regulates the oxygen consumption of both the NO-producing and the neighboring cells; thus, it can serve as autoregulator and paracrine modulator of the respiration. On the other hand, NO reacts avidly with superoxide anion (O(2)(-)) to produce the powerful oxidizing agent, peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) which affects mitochondrial functions mostly in an irreversible manner. How mitochondria and cells harmonize the reversible effects of NO versus the irreversible effects of ONOO(-) will be discussed in this review article. The exciting recent finding of mitochondrial NO synthase will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ghafourifar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01545, USA.
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Abstract
When human platelets are chilled below about 20 degrees C, they spontaneously activate, a phenomenon that limits their storage lifetime. We have previously shown that this activation in chilled human platelets is associated with passage through a lipid phase transition. Because animal models are necessary for Investigating methods for cold storage of platelets, it is essential to determine whether such phase transitions and chilling-induced activation are found in these models. In this study we examined platelets from some commonly used animal models-pigs, rhesus monkeys, mice, dogs, and rabbits. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), we detected the thermotropic membrane phase transition in Intact platelets and assessed the morphologic response of the platelets to chilling. Statistical analysis of both FTIR and shape change show that of the animal models tested, pig platelets are most similar to human platelets. These studies suggest that pigs and pig platelets are the models of choice for the study of cold-induced platelet activation in human beings.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Tablin
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis 95616, USA
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Ghafourifar P, Schenk U, Klein SD, Richter C. Mitochondrial nitric-oxide synthase stimulation causes cytochrome c release from isolated mitochondria. Evidence for intramitochondrial peroxynitrite formation. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:31185-8. [PMID: 10531311 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.44.31185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized by members of the NO synthase (NOS) family. Recently the existence of a mitochondrial NOS (mtNOS), its Ca(2+) dependence, and its relevance for mitochondrial bioenergetics was reported (Ghafourifar, P., and Richter, C. (1997) FEBS Lett. 418, 291-296; Giulivi, C., Poderoso, J. J., and Boveris, A. (1998) J. Biol. Chem. 273, 11038-11043). Here we report on the possible involvement of mtNOS in apoptosis. We show that uptake of Ca(2+) by mitochondria triggers mtNOS activity and causes the release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria in a Bcl-2-sensitive manner. mtNOS-induced cytochrome c release was paralleled by increased lipid peroxidation. The release of cytochrome c as well as increase in lipid peroxidation were prevented by NOS inhibitors, a superoxide dismutase mimic, and a peroxynitrite scavenger. We show that mtNOS-induced cytochrome c release is not mediated via the mitochondrial permeability transition pore because the release was aggravated by cyclosporin A and abolished by blockade of mitochondrial calcium uptake by ruthenium red. We conclude that, upon Ca(2+)-induced mtNOS activation, peroxynitrite is formed within mitochondria, which causes the release of cytochrome c from isolated mitochondria, and we propose a mechanism by which elevated Ca(2+) levels induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ghafourifar
- Institute of Biochemistry, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH), CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ghafourifar P, Klein SD, Schucht O, Schenk U, Pruschy M, Rocha S, Richter C. Ceramide induces cytochrome c release from isolated mitochondria. Importance of mitochondrial redox state. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:6080-4. [PMID: 10037689 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.10.6080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study we show that N-acetylsphingosine (C2-ceramide), N-hexanoylsphingosine (C6-ceramide), and, to a much lesser extent, C2-dihydroceramide induce cytochrome c (cyto c) release from isolated rat liver mitochondria. Ceramide-induced cyto c release is prevented by preincubation of mitochondria with a low concentration (40 nM) of Bcl-2. The release takes place when cyto c is oxidized but not when it is reduced. Upon cyto c loss, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, mitochondrial transmembrane potential (Delta Psi), and Ca2+ retention are diminished. Incubation with Bcl-2 prevents, and addition of cyto c reverses the alteration of these mitochondrial functions. In ATP-energized mitochondria, ceramides do not alter Delta Psi, neither when cyto c is oxidized nor when it is reduced, ruling out a nonspecific disturbance by ceramides of mitochondrial membrane integrity. Furthermore, ceramides decrease the reducibility of cyto c. We conclude that the apoptogenic properties of ceramides are in part mediated via their interaction with mitochondrial cyto c followed by its release and that the redox state of cyto c influences its detachment by ceramide from the inner mitochondrial membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ghafourifar
- Laboratory of Biochemistry I, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Universitatsstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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Abstract
Tetra(m-hydroxyphenyl)chlorin (mTHPC) is used as a photosensitizer in photodynamic therapy (PDT), a novel modality for cancer treatment. Since little is known about mTHPC-mediated damage in vitro, we chose isolated rat liver mitochondria as a model system to study its photodynamic effects. Incubation of isolated mitochondria with mTHPC plus irradiation with light of a wavelength of 652 nm resulted in protein oxidation and lipid peroxidation, as measured by the mitochondrial content of carbonyl groups and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, respectively. Type I and type II photochemical reactions contribute to this oxidative damage as shown by the use of scavengers. Photodynamically treated mitochondria had a reduced membrane potential, and their Ca2+ uptake was impaired. Oxygen consumption of complex I of the respiratory chain was stimulated at a low concentration of mTHPC plus irradiation, but decreased at higher concentrations, whereas oxygen consumption at complex II and IV decreased with all mTHPC concentrations offered. No mitochondrial changes were seen with mTHPC in the absence of irradiation. Our results confirm the sensitivity of mitochondria to PDT and may help to understand the mechanisms by which PDT using mTHPC kills cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Klein
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
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Klein SD. The role of optometrists in dealing with patients suffering from visual impairments. J Am Optom Assoc 1993; 64:461. [PMID: 8257536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Klein SD. The challenge of communicating with parents. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1993; 14:184-91. [PMID: 8340474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S D Klein
- Department of Psychology, New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts
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Klein SD, Klein RE. Delivering bad news: the most challenging task in patient education. J Am Optom Assoc 1987; 58:660-3. [PMID: 3624761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Communicating clinical findings that a patient's vision cannot be improved and/or will deteriorate is a challenging patient education responsibility. The bad news will be upsetting for the patient no matter how it is presented. By presenting findings in a thoughtful, step-by-step manner taking into account the patient's shock and distress and providing appropriate patient education information, the practitioner plays a critical role in facilitating the patient's participation in the rehabilitation process.
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Klein SD, Abrams SL. Public housing for handicapped persons? J Rehabil 1971; 37:20-1. [PMID: 4252003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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