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Martín-Grau M, Pardo-Tendero M, Casanova P, Dromant M, Marrachelli VG, Morales JM, Borrás C, Pisoni S, Maestrini S, Di Blasio AM, Monleon D. Altered Lipid Moieties and Carbonyls in a Wistar Rat Dietary Model of Subclinical Fatty Liver: Potential Sex-Specific Biomarkers of Early Fatty Liver Disease? Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1808. [PMID: 37891887 PMCID: PMC10604774 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a condition in which excess fat builds up in the liver. To date, there is a lack of knowledge about the subtype of lipid structures affected in the early stages of NAFLD. The aim of this study was to analyze serum and liver lipid moieties, specifically unsaturations and carbonyls, by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in a subclinical Wistar rat model of NAFLD for detecting early alterations and potential sex dimorphisms. Twelve weeks of a high-fat diet (HFD) induced fat accumulation in the liver to a similar extent in male and female Wistar rats. In addition to total liver fat accumulation, Wistar rats showed a shift in lipid subtype composition. HFD rats displayed increased lipid carbonyls in both liver and serum, and decreased in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), with a much stronger effect in male than female animals. Our results revealed that the change in fat was not only quantitative but also qualitative, with dramatic shifts in relevant lipid structures. Finally, we compared the results found in Wistar rats with an analysis in a human patient cohort of extreme obesity. For the first time to our knowledge, lipid carbonyl levels and lipoproteins profiles were analyzed in the context of subclinical NAFLD. The association found between lipid carbonyls and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) in a human cohort of extremely obese individuals further supports the potential role of lipid moieties as biomarkers of early NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Martín-Grau
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Pardo-Tendero
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Pilar Casanova
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mar Dromant
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Vannina G Marrachelli
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Morales
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Consuelo Borrás
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Serena Pisoni
- Department of Physiology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Maestrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Anna M Di Blasio
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20145 Milano, Italy
| | - Daniel Monleon
- Department of Pathology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- University Clinical Hospital of Valencia Research Foundation (INCLIVA), 46010 Valencia, Spain
- CIBERFES_ISCIII, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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Brunani A, Cancello R, Gobbi M, Lucchetti E, Di Guglielmo G, Maestrini S, Cattaldo S, Piterà P, Ruocco C, Milesi A, Valerio A, Capodaglio P, Nisoli E. Comparison of Protein- or Amino Acid-Based Supplements in the Rehabilitation of Men with Severe Obesity: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4257. [PMID: 37445292 PMCID: PMC10342837 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12134257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss is associated with a reduction in all body compartments, including muscle mass (MM), and this effect produces a decrease in function and muscle strength. Our objective was to assess the impact of protein or amino acid supplements on MM loss in middle-aged men (age < 65 years) with severe obesity (BMI > 35 kg/m2) during weight loss. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a single-site randomized controlled trial (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT05143398) with 40 in-patient male subjects with severe obesity. Participants underwent an intervention program consisting of a low-calorie balanced diet and structured physical activity. They were randomly assigned to 4-week treatment groups: (1) control (CTR, N = 10), (2) protein (P, N = 10), (3) branched-chain amino acid (BCAA, N = 10), and (4) essential amino acid mixture with tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (PD-E07, N = 10) supplementation. RESULTS Following 4 weeks of intervention, all groups showed similar reductions in body weight compared to baseline. When examining the delta values, a notable increase in muscle mass (MM) was observed in the PD-E07 intervention group [MM (kg): 2.84 ± 3.57; MM (%): 3.63 ± 3.14], in contrast to the CTR group [MM (kg): -2.46 ± 3.04; MM (%): -0.47 ± 2.28], with a statistical significance of p = 0.045 and p = 0.023, respectively. However, the MM values for the P group [MM (kg): -2.75 ± 5.98, p = 0.734; MM (%): -0.44 ± 4.02, p = 0.990] and the BCAA group [MM (kg): -1 ± 3.3, p = 0.734; MM (%): 0.34 ± 2.85, p = 0.956] did not exhibit a statistically significant difference when compared to the CTR group. CONCLUSIONS Amino acid-based supplements may effectively mitigate the loss of MM typically observed during weight reduction. Further validation through large-scale studies is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Brunani
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Raffaella Cancello
- Obesity Unit, Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Laboratory of Nutrition and Obesity Research, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Michele Gobbi
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Elisa Lucchetti
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Giulia Di Guglielmo
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Sabrina Maestrini
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Stefania Cattaldo
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Paolo Piterà
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (C.R.)
| | - Alessandra Milesi
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, Italy
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- IRCCS, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Piancavallo, 28921 Verbania, Italy; (M.G.); (E.L.); (G.D.G.); (S.M.); (S.C.); (P.P.); (A.M.)
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Torino, 10121 Torino, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Department of Biomedical Technology and Translational Medicine, University of Milan, 20100 Milan, Italy; (C.R.)
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Pisoni S, Marrachelli VG, Morales JM, Maestrini S, Di Blasio AM, Monleón D. Sex Dimorphism in the Metabolome of Metabolic Syndrome in Morbidly Obese Individuals. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12050419. [PMID: 35629923 PMCID: PMC9147578 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12050419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Adult morbid obesity is defined as abnormal or excessive fat accumulation, mostly resulting from a long-term unhealthy lifestyle. Between 10% and 30% of people with obesity exhibit low cardiometabolic risk. The metabolic syndrome has been suggested as an indicator of obesity-related metabolic dysregulation. Although the prevalence of obesity does not seem to be sex-related and metabolic syndrome occurs at all ages, in the last few years, sex-specific differences in the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of metabolic syndrome have received attention. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in different sex and age groups in people with metabolic unhealthy obesity and to compare them with people with metabolic healthy obesity. We analyzed the metabolome in 1350 well-phenotyped morbidly obese individuals and showed that there is a strong sex-dependent association of metabolic syndrome with circulating metabolites. Importantly, we demonstrated that metabolic dysregulation in women and men with severe obesity and metabolic syndrome is age-dependent. The metabolic profiles from our study showed age-dependent sex differences in the impact of MetS which are consistent with the cardiometabolic characterization. Although there is common ground for MetS in the metabolome of severe obesity, men older than 54 are affected in a more extensive and intensive manner. These findings strongly argue for more studies aimed at unraveling the mechanisms that underlie this sex-specific metabolic dysregulation in severe obesity. Moreover, these findings suggest that women and men might benefit from differential sex and age specific interventions to prevent the adverse cardiometabolic effects of severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Pisoni
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Odontology Faculty, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.P.); (J.M.M.)
| | - Vannina G. Marrachelli
- Department of Physiology, Medicine and Odontology Faculty, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
- Clinical Hospital Research Foundation-INCLIVA and CIBERFES, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose M. Morales
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Odontology Faculty, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.P.); (J.M.M.)
- Clinical Hospital Research Foundation-INCLIVA and CIBERFES, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sabrina Maestrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20145 Milano, Italy; (S.M.); (A.M.D.B.)
| | - Anna M. Di Blasio
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, 20145 Milano, Italy; (S.M.); (A.M.D.B.)
| | - Daniel Monleón
- Department of Pathology, Medicine and Odontology Faculty, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (S.P.); (J.M.M.)
- Clinical Hospital Research Foundation-INCLIVA and CIBERFES, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Faccioni P, De Santis D, Luciano U, Pancera P, Sinigaglia S, Iurlaro A, Bertossi D, Lucchese A, Manuelli M, Maestrini S, Kumar N, Zotti F, Donadello D, Ricciardi G, Albanese M, Cicalese MP. Efficacy of the Andresen activator before peak growth in class II patients. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2019; 33:1-7. [PMID: 30966727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Andresen activator (AA) is a functional appliance used to correct Class II malocclusion in growing patients. It corrects the malocclusion stimulating mandibular growth and determining a palatoversion of the upper incisors and a vestibularization of the lower incisors. The aim of this study was to analyze the treatment efficacy of class II malocclusion due to mandibular hypodevelopment before peak growth. Fourteen subjects with class II relationship of the skeletal bases and cervical vertebrae maturation stage 1 or 2 were enrolled in the study. Cephalometric analyses were carried out using landmarks derived from the analyses of Pancherz, Ricketts, Tweed and Steiner. A significant decrease (P less than 0.05) in ANB angle was found (-2.29±3.05°) after treatment, which was expression of an improvement in maxillo-mandibular sagittal skeletal relationships. There was also a significant reduction of OJ after treatment (-4.44±2.36 mm; P less than 0.001), indicating a vestibularization of the mandibular incisors and a palatoversion of the maxillary incisors, and a correction of the molar relationship. The favorable effects of the Andresen activator for the correction of the mandibular defect can be found even prior to peak growth; the achieved class I relationship maintains a correct mandible position in time, ensuring a proper skeletal growth. .
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Affiliation(s)
- P Faccioni
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - D De Santis
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - U Luciano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - P Pancera
- DSection of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - S Sinigaglia
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Iurlaro
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - D Bertossi
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Lucchese
- School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, Research area in Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - M Manuelli
- School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, Research area in Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
- Private Practice, Milan, Italy
| | - S Maestrini
- School of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Dentistry, Division of Orthodontics, Research area in Dentofacial Orthopedics and Orthodontics, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - N Kumar
- Postgraduate Medical Institute, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK
| | - F Zotti
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - D Donadello
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G Ricciardi
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M Albanese
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - M P Cicalese
- San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and Gene Therapy, San Raffaele Scientific Institute and the Pediatric Immunohematology Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
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Grugni G, Crinò A, De Bellis A, Convertino A, Bocchini S, Maestrini S, Cirillo P, De Lucia S, Delvecchio M. Autoimmune pituitary involvement in Prader-Willi syndrome: new perspective for further research. Endocrine 2018; 62:733-736. [PMID: 29968227 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-018-1666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The role of antipituitary antibodies in the pathophysiology of pituitary hormone deficiency has been increasingly elucidated over the last decade. Prader-Willi syndrome is a genetic disorder which includes hypothalamic/pituitary dysfunction as one of its main features. We looked for autoimmune pituitary involvement in 55 adults with Prader-Willi syndrome, discovering that about 30% of them have a positive titer of antipituitary antibodies. Although the presence of these autoantibodies could only be an "epiphenomenon", our results suggest that autoimmune mechanisms might contribute, at least in part, to the pituitary impairment of Prader-Willi syndrome, and in addition to genetically determined dysfunction of the central nervous system. This paper provides a new perspective on pituitary impairment in these patients, suggesting that the search for hypophisitis could be a reasonable and interesting field for further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graziano Grugni
- Division of Auxology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Antonino Crinò
- Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria De Bellis
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences and Aging, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Alessio Convertino
- Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sarah Bocchini
- Autoimmune Endocrine Diseases Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Research Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Maestrini
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Paolo Cirillo
- Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases Unit, Department of Medical, Surgical, Neurological, Metabolic Sciences and Aging, University of Campania 'L. Vanvitelli', Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana De Lucia
- AP-HP, Hôpital Robert Debré, Service de Neurologie Pédiatrique et des Maladies Métaboliques, 75019, Paris, France
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Maestrini S, Mele C, Mai S, Vietti R, Di Blasio A, Castello L, Surico D, Aimaretti G, Scacchi M, Marzullo P. Plasma Oxytocin Concentration in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women: Its Relationship with Obesity, Body Composition and Metabolic Variables. Obes Facts 2018; 11:429-439. [PMID: 30372704 PMCID: PMC6257199 DOI: 10.1159/000492001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between oxytocin, menopause and obesity. METHODS A cross-sectional analysis on 56 obese (OB; 28 premenopausal) and 53 normal-weight women (NW; 27 premenopausal) was performed by measurement of oxytocin, leptin, adiponectin, gonadotropins, sex steroids, glucose, and lipid homeostasis as well as DXA assessment of fat mass (%FM) and fat-free mass (FFM). RESULTS Women from NW and OB groups were comparable for age but differed in anthropometric measures. In our cohorts, menopause was not associated with changes in gluco-lipid homeostasis and %FM, while FFM was lower in postmenopausal women from both study groups (p < 0.05). In each group, leptin was unaltered, and adiponectin only marginally changed across menopause, while oxytocin levels were lower in post- than in premenopausal women (NW: p < 0.05; OB: p < 0.005), and lower in OB than NW women, either when assessed as whole groups or if stratified by menopause (p < 0.001). In correlation analysis, inverse associations related oxytocin to menopause, obesity, and adiposity-related measures. BMI (p < 0.0001) and menopause independently predicted oxytocin levels (p < 0.001), but their interaction was null (p = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS Obesity and menopause are independent negative predictors of plasma oxytocin. Longitudinal studies should clarify the role of oxytocin on weight modifications experienced around and after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Maestrini
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
| | - Chiara Mele
- Division of General Medicine, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Stefania Mai
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
| | - Roberta Vietti
- Laboratory of Metabolic Research, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
| | - Annamaria Di Blasio
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
| | - Luigi Castello
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Surico
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Aimaretti
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Massimo Scacchi
- Division of General Medicine, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Marzullo
- Division of General Medicine, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Ospedale S. Giuseppe, Verbania, Italy
- Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
- *Paolo Marzullo, MD, PhD, Department of Translational Medicine, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, Novara, 28100 Italy,
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Brunani A, Lanzi S, Codecasa F, Cornacchia M, Maestrini S, Soranna D, Zambon A, Cattaldo S, Fanari P, Malatesta D, Salvadori A. Vascular Dynamics and Peripheral Oxygen Uptake in Obese Individuals during Progressive Physical Exercise. Respiration 2017; 94:493-500. [PMID: 28977804 DOI: 10.1159/000479887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obese men show higher O2 consumption than lean men during physical exercise, with a trend toward higher peripheral O2 extraction; this is probably due to their larger muscle mass. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to examine this phenomenon by measuring 2 vasoactive substances, endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric oxide (NO), during a progressive submaximal exercise. METHODS Seventeen obese (body mass index [BMI] 38.6) and 15 lean (BMI 22.5) men performed a maximal progressive cycle ergometer exercise to determine peak power output (PPO) and peak O2 consumption (V∙O2peak); thereafter, they performed a submaximal cycle ergometer incremental test (every 6 min) at the same percentage of V∙O2peak until they reached 57.5% PPO. Blood samples were collected at rest and at the end of every step to measure ET-1 and NO concentrations. RESULTS At rest, the ET-1 and NO concentrations in obese men and lean controls were the same. However, during exercise, the ET-1 concentration at each step was significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the obese group. There was no significant difference in NO concentration between the 2 groups, although the increase at the beginning of the exercise session was faster in obese individuals. During submaximal exercise, end-tidal O2 pressure (PETO2) was lower in the obese group, with a significant difference in the PETO2/fat-free mass ratio at each step. CONCLUSIONS ET-1 and NO levels during physical exercise are different in obese versus lean men. This may support the notion that increased O2 consumption in obesity is due to different behaviors of the cardiorespiratory and circulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Brunani
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lanzi S, Codecasa F, Cornacchia M, Maestrini S, Capodaglio P, Brunani A, Fanari P, Salvadori A, Malatesta D. Short-term HIIT and Fat max training increase aerobic and metabolic fitness in men with class II and III obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:1987-94. [PMID: 26335027 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the effects of two different 2-week-long training modalities [continuous at the intensity eliciting the maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax) versus high-intensity interval training (HIIT)] in men with class II and III obesity. METHODS Nineteen men with obesity (BMI ≥ 35 kg · m(-2)) were assigned to Fatmax group (GFatmax) or to HIIT group (GHIIT). Both groups performed eight cycling sessions matched for mechanical work. Aerobic fitness and fat oxidation rates (FORs) during exercise were assessed prior and following the training. Blood samples were drawn to determine hormones and plasma metabolites levels. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR). RESULTS Aerobic fitness and FORs during exercise were significantly increased in both groups after training (P ≤ 0.001). HOMA2-IR was significantly reduced only for GFatmax (P ≤ 0.001). Resting non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and insulin decreased significantly only in GFatmax (P ≤ 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Two weeks of HIIT and Fatmax training are effective for the improvement of aerobic fitness and FORs during exercise in these classes of obesity. The decreased levels of resting NEFA only in GFatmax may be involved in the decreased insulin resistance only in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lanzi
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franco Codecasa
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Mauro Cornacchia
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Maestrini
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Clinical Lab for Gait and Posture Analysis, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Amelia Brunani
- Medicine Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Paolo Fanari
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Alberto Salvadori
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lanzi S, Codecasa F, Cornacchia M, Maestrini S, Capodaglio P, Brunani A, Fanari P, Salvadori A, Malatesta D. Long maximal incremental tests accurately assess aerobic fitness in class II and III obese men. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0124180. [PMID: 25875746 PMCID: PMC4395407 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0124180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare two different maximal incremental tests with different time durations [a maximal incremental ramp test with a short time duration (8-12 min) (STest) and a maximal incremental test with a longer time duration (20-25 min) (LTest)] to investigate whether an LTest accurately assesses aerobic fitness in class II and III obese men. Twenty obese men (BMI≥35 kg.m-2) without secondary pathologies (mean±SE; 36.7±1.9 yr; 41.8±0.7 kg*m-2) completed an STest (warm-up: 40 W; increment: 20 W*min-1) and an LTest [warm-up: 20% of the peak power output (PPO) reached during the STest; increment: 10% PPO every 5 min until 70% PPO was reached or until the respiratory exchange ratio reached 1.0, followed by 15 W.min-1 until exhaustion] on a cycle-ergometer to assess the peak oxygen uptake V˙O2peak and peak heart rate (HRpeak) of each test. There were no significant differences in V˙O2peak (STest: 3.1±0.1 L*min-1; LTest: 3.0±0.1 L*min-1) and HRpeak (STest: 174±4 bpm; LTest: 173±4 bpm) between the two tests. Bland-Altman plot analyses showed good agreement and Pearson product-moment and intra-class correlation coefficients showed a strong correlation between V˙O2peak (r=0.81 for both; p≤0.001) and HRpeak (r=0.95 for both; p≤0.001) during both tests. V˙O2peak and HRpeak assessments were not compromised by test duration in class II and III obese men. Therefore, we suggest that the LTest is a feasible test that accurately assesses aerobic fitness and may allow for the exercise intensity prescription and individualization that will lead to improved therapeutic approaches in treating obesity and severe obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lanzi
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Franco Codecasa
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Mauro Cornacchia
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Maestrini
- Molecolar Biology Laboratory, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Paolo Capodaglio
- Orthopaedic Rehabilitation Unit and Clinical Lab for Gait and Posture Analysis, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Amelia Brunani
- Medicine Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Paolo Fanari
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Alberto Salvadori
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lanzi S, Codecasa F, Cornacchia M, Maestrini S, Salvadori A, Fanari P, Brunani A, Malatesta D. Acute post-exercise oxygen uptake, hormone and plasma metabolite response in obese men. Horm Metab Res 2014; 46:521-7. [PMID: 24627098 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1368712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to compare oxygen uptake ( VO2), hormone and plasma metabolite responses during the 30 min after submaximal incremental exercise (Incr) performed at the same relative/absolute exercise intensity and duration in lean (L) and obese (O) men. Eight L and 8 O men (BMI: 22.9 ± 0.4; 37.2 ± 1.8 kg · m(-2)) completed Incr and were then seated for 30 min. VO2 was monitored during the first 10 min and from the 25-30(th) minutes of recovery. Blood samples were drawn for the determination of hormone (catecholamines, insulin) and plasma metabolite (NEFA, glycerol) concentrations. Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) magnitude during the first 10 min was similar in O and in L (3.5 ± 0.4; 3.4 ± 0.3 liters, respectively, p=0.86). When normalized to percent change ( VO2END=100%), % VO2END during recovery was significantly higher from 90-120 s in O than in L (p ≤ 0.04). There were no significant differences in catecholamines (p ≥ 0.24), whereas insulin was significantly higher in O than in L during recovery (p=0.01). The time-course of glycerol was similar from 10-30 min of recovery (-42% for L; -41% for O, p=0.85), whereas significantly different patterns of NEFA were found from 10-30 min of recovery between groups (-18% for L; +8% for O, p=0.03). Despite similar EPOC, a difference in VO2 modulation between groups was observed, likely due to faster initial rates of VO2 decline in L than in O. The different patterns of NEFA between groups may suggest a lower NEFA reesterification during recovery in O, which was not involved in the rapid EPOC component.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lanzi
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Codecasa
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto -Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - M Cornacchia
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto -Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - S Maestrini
- Molecolar biology laboratory, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - A Salvadori
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto -Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - P Fanari
- Pulmonary Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto -Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - A Brunani
- Medicine Rehabilitation Department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto -Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - D Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Lanzi S, Codecasa F, Cornacchia M, Maestrini S, Salvadori A, Brunani A, Malatesta D. Fat oxidation, hormonal and plasma metabolite kinetics during a submaximal incremental test in lean and obese adults. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88707. [PMID: 24523934 PMCID: PMC3921204 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare fat oxidation, hormonal and plasma metabolite kinetics during exercise in lean (L) and obese (O) men. Sixteen L and 16 O men [Body Mass Index (BMI): 22.9 ± 0.3 and 39.0 ± 1.4 kg · m(-2)] performed a submaximal incremental test (Incr) on a cycle-ergometer. Fat oxidation rates (FORs) were determined using indirect calorimetry. A sinusoidal model, including 3 independent variables (dilatation, symmetry, translation), was used to describe fat oxidation kinetics and determine the intensity (Fat(max)) eliciting maximal fat oxidation. Blood samples were drawn for the hormonal and plasma metabolite determination at each step of Incr. FORs (mg · FFM(-1) · min(-1)) were significantly higher from 20 to 30% of peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) in O than in L and from 65 to 85% VO2peak in L than in O (p ≤ 0.05). FORs were similar in O and in L from 35 to 60% VO2peak. Fat max was 17% significantly lower in O than in L (p<0.01). Fat oxidation kinetics were characterized by similar translation, significantly lower dilatation and left-shift symmetry in O compared with L (p<0.05). During whole exercise, a blunted lipolysis was found in O [lower glycerol/fat mass (FM) in O than in L (p ≤ 0.001)], likely associated with higher insulin concentrations in O than in L (p<0.01). Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) were significantly higher in O compared with L (p<0.05). Despite the blunted lipolysis, O presented higher NEFA availability, likely due to larger amounts of FM. Therefore, a lower Fat(max), a left-shifted and less dilated curve and a lower reliance on fat oxidation at high exercise intensities suggest that the difference in the fat oxidation kinetics is likely linked to impaired muscular capacity to oxidize NEFA in O. These results may have important implications for the appropriate exercise intensity prescription in training programs designed to optimize fat oxidation in O.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Lanzi
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Franco Codecasa
- Pulmonary rehabilitation department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Mauro Cornacchia
- Pulmonary rehabilitation department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Sabrina Maestrini
- Molecolar biology laboratory, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Alberto Salvadori
- Pulmonary rehabilitation department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Amelia Brunani
- Medicine rehabilitation department, San Giuseppe Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano Piancavallo, Verbania, Italy
| | - Davide Malatesta
- Institute of Sport Sciences University of Lausanne (ISSUL), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Cancello R, Zulian A, Gentilini D, Maestrini S, Della Barba A, Invitti C, Corà D, Caselle M, Liuzzi A, Di Blasio AM. Molecular and morphologic characterization of superficial- and deep-subcutaneous adipose tissue subdivisions in human obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2013; 21:2562-70. [PMID: 23512827 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human abdominal subcutaneous white adipose tissue (SAT) is composed of two different subcompartments: a "superficial" SAT (SSAT), located between the skin and a fibrous-fascia plane; and a deeper SAT, located under this fibrous fascia plane, indicated as "deep" SAT (DSAT). DESIGN AND METHODS In order to investigate whether SSAT and DSAT have different molecular and morphological features, paired SSAT/DSAT biopsies were collected from 10 female obese patients and used for microarray and morphologic analysis. The stroma-vascular fraction cells were also isolated from both depots and cultured in vitro to assess the lipid accumulation rate. RESULTS SSAT and DSAT displayed different patterns of gene expression, mainly for metabolic and inflammatory genes, respectively. Detailed gene expression analysis indicated that several metabolic genes, including adiponectin, are preferentially expressed in SSAT, whereas inflammatory genes are over-expressed in DSAT. Despite a similar lipid accumulation rate in vitro, in vivo SSAT showed a significant adipocyte hypertrophy together with a significantly lower inflammatory infiltration and vascular vessel lumen mean size, when compared to DSAT. CONCLUSIONS These data show that, SSAT and DSAT are functionally and morphologically different and emphasize the importance of considering independent these two adipose depots when investigating SAT biology and obesity complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaella Cancello
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
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Ardissone A, Bragato C, Caffi L, Blasevich F, Maestrini S, Bianchi ML, Morandi L, Moroni I, Mora M. Novel PTRF mutation in a child with mild myopathy and very mild congenital lipodystrophy. BMC Med Genet 2013; 14:89. [PMID: 24024685 PMCID: PMC3846852 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-14-89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Mutations in the PTRF gene, coding for cavin-1, cause congenital generalized lipodystrophy type 4 (CGL4) associated with myopathy. In CGL4, symptoms are variable comprising, in addition to myopathy, smooth and skeletal muscle hypertrophy, cardiac arrhythmias, and skeletal abnormalities. Secondary features are atlantoaxial instability, acanthosis nigricans, hepatomegaly, umbilical prominence and metabolic abnormalities related to insulin resistance, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis. Case presentation We describe a 3 year-old child of Moroccan origin with mild muscle phenotype, mainly characterized by mounding, muscle pain, hyperCKemia and mild caveolin 3 reduction on muscle biopsy. No CAV3 gene mutation was detected; instead we found a novel mutation, a homozygous single base pair deletion, in the PTRF gene. Only after detection of this mutation a mild generalized loss of subcutaneous fat, at first underestimated, was noticed and the diagnosis of lipodystrophy inferred. Conclusions The PTRF gene should be investigated in patients with hyperCKemia, mild myopathy associated with spontaneous or percussion-induced muscle contractions like rippling or mounding, and no CAV3 mutation. The analysis should be performed even if cardiac or metabolic alterations are absent, particularly in young patients in whom lipodystrophy may be difficult to ascertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ardissone
- Neuromuscular Diseases and Neuroimmunology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico C, Besta, Milano, Italy.
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Cassani E, Cancello R, Cavanna F, Maestrini S, Di Blasio AM, Liuzzi A, Pezzoli G, Barichella M. Serum adiponectin levels in advanced-stage Parkinson's disease patients. Parkinsons Dis 2011; 2011:624764. [PMID: 21766000 PMCID: PMC3135047 DOI: 10.4061/2011/624764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2011] [Revised: 03/21/2011] [Accepted: 04/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced Parkinson's disease (PD) experience body weight loss and reductions in the most common cardiovascular risk factors. At present, the pathogenetic mechanisms involved have not been elucidated. Increased serum concentrations of adiponectin, which possesses antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties, are associated with a reduction in cardiovascular risk. The objective of this study was to determine adiponectin serum concentrations in PD patients. Thirty PD patients underwent a full nutritional status assessment, including the determination of adiponectin serum concentrations. Mean ± SD adiponectin concentrations were 9.59 ± 5.9 μg/mL (interquartile range: 5.92–12.9 μg/mL). In PD patients, adiponectin serum levels were similar to those in normal-weight, healthy, young subjects and significantly higher than that in an aged-matched group of morbidly obese subjects. Further studies are warranted to establish the role of adiponectin in the management of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Cassani
- Parkinson Institute, Istituti Clinici di Perfezionamento (ICP), via Bignami 1, 20126 Milan, Italy
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Mencarelli M, Dubern B, Alili R, Maestrini S, Benajiba L, Tagliaferri M, Galan P, Rinaldi M, Simon C, Tounian P, Hercberg S, Liuzzi A, Di Blasio AM, Clement K. Rare melanocortin-3 receptor mutations with in vitro functional consequences are associated with human obesity. Hum Mol Genet 2010; 20:392-9. [PMID: 21047972 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddq472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In contrast to the melanocortin 4 receptor, the possible role of the melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R) in regulating body weight is still debated. We have previously reported three mutations in the MC3R gene showing association with human obesity, but these results were not confirmed in a study of severe obese North American adults. In this study, we evaluated the entire coding region of MC3R in 839 severely obese subjects and 967 lean controls of Italian and French origin. In vitro functional analysis of the mutations detected was also performed. The total prevalence of rare MC3R variants was not significantly different in obese subjects when compared with controls (P= 0.18). However, the prevalence of mutations with functional alterations was significantly higher in the obese group (P= 0.022). In conclusions, the results of this large study demonstrate that in the populations studied functionally significant MC3R variants are associated with obesity supporting the current hypothesis that rare variants might have a stronger impact on the individual susceptibility to gain weight. They also underline the importance of detailed in vitro functional studies in order to prove the pathogenic effect of such variants. Further investigations in larger cohorts will be needed in order to define the specific phenotypic characteristics potentially correlated with reduced MC3R signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Mencarelli
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
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Walker GE, Marzullo P, Verti B, Guzzaloni G, Maestrini S, Zurleni F, Liuzzi A, Di Blasio AM. Subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue subcompartments: potential role in rosiglitazone effects. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2008; 16:1983-91. [PMID: 19186324 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2008.326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Abdominal visceral tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), comprised of superficial-SAT (sSAT) and deep-SAT (dSAT), are metabolically distinct. The antidiabetic agents thiazolidinediones (TZDs), in addition to their insulin-sensitizing effects, redistribute SAT suggesting that TZD action involves adipose tissue depot-specific regulation. We investigated the expression of proteins key to adipocyte metabolism on differentiated first passage (P1) preadipocytes treated with rosiglitazone, to establish a role for the diverse depots of abdominal adipose tissue in the insulin-sensitizing effects of TZDs. Adipocytes and preadipocytes were isolated from sSAT, dSAT, and VAT samples obtained from eight normal subjects. Preadipocytes (P1) left untreated (U) or treated with a classic differentiation cocktail (DI) including rosiglitazone (DIR) for 9 days were evaluated for strata-specific differences in differentiation including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) expression, insulin sensitivity via adiponectin and glucose transport-4 (GLUT4), glucocorticoid metabolism with 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type-1 (11 beta HSD1), and alterations in the adipokine leptin. While depot-specific differences were absent with the classic differentiation cocktail, with rosiglitazone sSAT had the most potent response followed by dSAT, whereas VAT was resistant to differentiation. With rosiglitazone, universal strata effects were observed for PPAR-gamma, LPL, and leptin, with VAT in all cases expressing significantly lower basal expression levels. Clear dSAT-specific changes were observed with decreased intracellular GLUT4. Specific sSAT alterations included decreased 11 beta HSD1 whereas secreted adiponectin was potently upregulated in sSAT with respect to dSAT and VAT. Overall, the subcompartments of SAT, sSAT, and dSAT, appear to participate in the metabolic changes that arise with rosiglitazone administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gillian E Walker
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, I.R.C.C.S. Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Piancavallo (VB), Italy.
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Marzullo P, Caumo A, Savia G, Verti B, Walker GE, Maestrini S, Tagliaferri A, Di Blasio AM, Liuzzi A. Predictors of postabsorptive ghrelin secretion after intake of different macronutrients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006; 91:4124-30. [PMID: 16882748 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2006-0270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Release of ghrelin, a gastrointestinal hormone regulating feeding and energy balance, is blunted in obesity, a condition associated with insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE The objective was to identify anthropometric and metabolic predictors of postabsorptive ghrelin secretion. DESIGN We evaluated ghrelin, insulin, glucose, and leptin secretion overnight and after intake of different macronutrients. SUBJECTS Ten obese subjects (age, 31.8 +/- 2.5 yr; body mass index, 43.4 +/- 0.8 kg/m(2)) and six lean subjects (age, 33.5 +/- 2.4 yr; body mass index, 21.8 +/- 1.4 kg/m(2)) participated in the study. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The main outcome measures were resting energy expenditure (REE); fat mass; nighttime approximate entropy (ApEn) and synchronicity (cross-ApEn) of ghrelin, insulin, and leptin; insulin sensitivity by homeostatic model approach insulin-sensitivity (HOMA-S%); postabsorptive area under the curve (AUC); and Delta of ghrelin, insulin, glucose, and leptin after carbohydrate-, lipid-, and protein-rich test meals. RESULTS Nighttime ApEn scores were higher in obese than lean subjects (P < 0.01). Cross-ApEn revealed a synchronicity between ghrelin-insulin, ghrelin-leptin, and insulin-leptin in both groups. Compared with baseline, ghrelin decreased significantly (P < 0.01) in lean and obese subjects after carbohydrates (42.2 vs. 28.5%; P < 0.05), lipids (40.2 vs. 26.2%; P < 0.01), and proteins (42.2 vs. 26.3%; P < 0.01) devoid of between-meal ghrelin differences. Significant associations occurred between nocturnal ghrelin ApEn and insulin (r = 0.53; P < 0.05), postmeal ghrelin AUCs and REE (r = -0.57; P < 0.05), and HOMA-S% (r = 0.52; P < 0.05), postmeal ghrelin Delta and HOMA-S% (r = 0.60; P < 0.05). REE (beta = -0.57; P = 0.02) and ghrelin ApEn (beta = -0.62; P = 0.01) were predictors of postmeal ghrelin AUC and Delta, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Obesity determined a decreased orderliness of ghrelin secretion and a relative loss of ghrelin-insulin synchrony. Postabsorptive ghrelin secretion decreased significantly both in obese and lean subjects, was related to insulin sensitivity, and was predicted by energy expenditure and hormone pulsatility.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Marzullo
- Division of General Medicine, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Casella Postale 1, I-28921 Verbania, Italy.
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Maestrini S, Mencarelli M, Verti B, Walker GE, Savia G, Marzullo P, Tagliaferri M, Liuzzi A, Di Blasio AM. Lack of association between the tetranucleotide repeat polymorphism in the 3'-flanking region of the leptin gene and hypertension in severely obese patients. J Endocrinol Invest 2006; 29:776-80. [PMID: 17114907 DOI: 10.1007/bf03347370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Conflicting data suggest an association between leptin gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension independently of obesity. The aim of this study was to evaluate, in severely obese subjects, the role of one of these polymorphic markers in relation to the development of hypertension. The study included 325 obese patients with mean body mass index (BMI) of 46+/-6.94 kg/m2. One hundred sixty-six were hypertensive and 159 normotensive. In both groups, the presence of a tetranucleotide repeat in the 3' flanking region of the Ob gene was investigated using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Due to the genetic variant, in the region studied it is possible to distinguish two alleles with different size distribution: Class I (shorter one) and Class II (longer one). Class I and Class II allele frequencies were not significantly different in obese patients when analyzed according to the presence or absence of hypertension. The results presented herein do not support a significant association of this Ob gene polymorphism with hypertension. These findings are in contrast with that reported in other populations. However, we cannot rule out that different ethnicity and/or phenotypic variability might mask small effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maestrini
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, Italy
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Maestrini S, Podestà F, Di Blasio AM, Savia G, Brunani A, Tagliaferri A, Mencarelli M, Chiodini I, Liuzzi A. Lack of association between UCP2 gene polymorphisms and obesity phenotype in Italian Caucasians. J Endocrinol Invest 2003; 26:985-90. [PMID: 14759071 DOI: 10.1007/bf03348196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The importance of the genetic component on adipose tissue accumulation has been clearly demonstrated. Among the candidate genes investigated, there are those that regulate thermogenesis and, thus, can affect energy expenditure. The uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are a family of proteins that uncouple respiration leading to generation of heat and increased energy expenditure. Contradictory data indicate that allelic variants in their coding genes might be associated with obesity. In this study we evaluated the role of two allelic variants of the UCP2 gene in obesity and the association with its sub-phenotypic characteristics. To this aim, 360 morbidly obese patients [age: 45 +/- 15 yr, body mass index (BMI): 46 +/- 7 kg/m2] and 103 normal weight subjects (BMI < 24 kg/m2) were genotyped for the 45 bais-pair (bp) insertion/deletion (I/D) in the 3'-untraslated region of exon 8 of the UCP2 gene while the presence of an Ala/Val substitution at codon 55 (Ala55Val) of the same gene was studied in 104 obese and 50 lean subjects. Patients also underwent a study protocol including measurements of BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), resting energy expenditure (REE), energy intake, fat mass (FM) and free fat mass (FFM), total cholesterol (TCH), high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triacylglyceroles (TG), leptin levels, basal glucose, immunoreactive insulin (IRI), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin sensitivity and thyroid hormones. No significant association between the two polymorphisms studied and the clinical, metabolic and anthropometric parameters characteristic of the obese phenotype was found. These results, in accordance with similar findings previously obtained in other ethnic groups, suggest that these two UCP2 allelic variants may not have a direct role in the pathogenesis and development of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maestrini
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, San Giuseppe Hospital, Italian Auxologic Institute, Verbania, Italy
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Gnudi L, Viberti G, Raij L, Rodriguez V, Burt D, Cortes P, Hartley B, Thomas S, Maestrini S, Gruden G. GLUT-1 overexpression: Link between hemodynamic and metabolic factors in glomerular injury? Hypertension 2003; 42:19-24. [PMID: 12771048 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.0000075949.19968.ef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesangial matrix deposition is the hallmark of hypertensive and diabetic glomerulopathy. At similar levels of systemic hypertension, Dahl salt-sensitive but not spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) develop glomerular hypertension, which is accompanied by upregulation of transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1), mesangial matrix expansion, and sclerosis. GLUT-1 is ubiquitously expressed and is the predominant glucose transporter in mesangial cells. In mesangial cells in vitro, GLUT-1 overexpression increases basal glucose transport, resulting in excess fibronectin and collagen production. TGF-beta1 has been shown to upregulate GLUT-1 expression. We demonstrated that in hypertensive Dahl salt-sensitive (S) rats fed 4% NaCl (systolic blood pressure [SBP]: 236+/-9 mm Hg), but not in similarly hypertensive SHR (SBP: 230+/-10 mm Hg) or their normotensive counterparts (Dahl S fed 0.5% NaCl, SBP: 145+/-5 mm Hg; and Wistar-Kyoto, SBP: 137+/-3 mm Hg), there was an 80% upregulation of glomerular GLUT-1 protein expression (P< or =0.03). This was accompanied by a 2.7-fold upregulation of TGF-beta1 protein expression in glomeruli of DSH compared with DSN rats (P=0.02). TGF-beta1 expression was not upregulated and did not differ in the glomeruli of Wistar-Kyoto and SHR rats. As an in vitro surrogate of the in vivo hemodynamic stress imposed by glomerular hypertension, we used mechanical stretching of human and rat mesangial cells. We found that after 33 hours of stretching, mesangial cells overexpressed GLUT-1 (40%) and showed an increase in basal glucose transport of similar magnitude (both P< or =0.01), which could be blocked with an anti TGF-beta1-neutralizing antibody. These studies suggest a novel link between hemodynamic and metabolic factors that may cooperate in inducing progressive glomerular injury in conditions characterized by glomerular hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Gnudi
- Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Internal Medicine, King's College, 5th Floor, Thomas Guy House, Guy's Hospital, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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Di Blasio AM, van Rossum EFC, Maestrini S, Berselli ME, Tagliaferri M, Podestà F, Koper JW, Liuzzi A, Lamberts SWJ. The relation between two polymorphisms in the glucocorticoid receptor gene and body mass index, blood pressure and cholesterol in obese patients. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2003; 59:68-74. [PMID: 12807506 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2265.2003.01798.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We have recently reported that, in healthy elderly Dutch individuals, a N363S polymorphism in the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene is associated with higher sensitivity to low-dose dexamethasone (0.25 mg), evaluated as both cortisol suppression and insulin response, and with an increased body mass index (BMI). In the present study we investigated the role of the N363S polymorphism, and a BclI restriction site polymorphism in a group of Italian patients with severe obesity. DESIGN Two hundred and seventy-nine patients (mean BMI 45.9 +/- 0.9 kg/m2) were genotyped using both PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and Taqman Sequence Detection System. Determination of several metabolic and antropometric parameters was also performed in order to correlate them to the genotype. RESULTS In this group of obese patients, 13 subjects (eight female, five males) were heterozygous for the N363S variant (allelic frequency 2.3%) and had significantly higher BMI (P < 0.04), resting energy expenditure (P < 0.03) and food intake (P < 0.01) when compared to wild-type homozygotes. When the data were analysed according to sex, female heterozygotes for the N363S allele had significantly higher BMI (P = 0.04), resting energy expenditure (P = 0.03) and food intake (P = 0.008) than obese women with the wild-type 363 GR gene. Male carriers of this variant also had higher values for these variables although the differences did not reach statistical significance. A case-control study with homozygous wild-type obese subjects which were age-, sex- and BMI-matched, revealed no difference in resting energy expenditure and food intake. The allele frequency of the BclI variant was 27% (89 females and 41 males out of 269 subjects). No differences in anthropometric and metabolic parameters were found between subjects heterozygous or homozygous for this variant GR in this obese population. However, when we studied the effect of the presence of the BclI polymorphism and the N363S variant in the same individual, we found that the subjects who carried both polymorphisms had a tendency towards higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure and significantly higher total and LDL-cholesterol levels (P = 0.005 and P = 0.05, respectively). DISCUSSION Taking the results of this study and those obtained in the Dutch population, we speculate that heterozygous carriers of the N363S variant who develop obesity, may become even more obese, possibly because they have a hypersensitive insulin response and thus, via activation of lipogenesis, store fat more efficiently. Furthermore, these data suggest that N363S carriers who carry the BclI polymorphism as well, tend to have a slightly unfavourable cardiovascular profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Di Blasio
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Ospedale San Giuseppe, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Verbania, and Department of Food Science and Microbiology, University of Milano, Italy
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Babiloni C, Babiloni F, Carducci F, Cincotti F, Del Percio C, De Pino G, Maestrini S, Priori A, Tisei P, Zanetti O, Rossini PM. Movement-related electroencephalographic reactivity in Alzheimer disease. Neuroimage 2000; 12:139-46. [PMID: 10913320 DOI: 10.1006/nimg.2000.0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Event-related desynchronization/synchronization (ERD/ERS) of alpha and beta electroencephalographic (EEG) rhythms was investigated in normal subjects and mild Alzheimer Disease patients (AD), performing unilateral right finger movements (about 10 s intermovement interval). Electroencephalographic data were sampled based on 10-20 system electrode montage. Surface Laplacian estimate of the potential reduced the head-volume conductor effects and annulled electrode reference variations. Results showed that EEG reactivity (i.e., ERD/ERS) of modeled contralateral rolandic cortex and motor performance were preserved in mild to moderate AD. In contrast, modeled activity (i.e., ERD/ERS) of frontolateral, centromedial, and ipsilateral rolandic areas was abnormal. Furthermore, interrelatedness of cortical response and movement timing was abnormal in AD patients. These results would support the working hypothesis that mild to moderate AD is a global brain network disease, including processing of sensorimotor information (despite no overt movement disorder). Further investigations will ascertain the clinical relevance of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Babiloni
- Ist. Fisiologia umana, University "La Sapienza,", Rome, Italy
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Gruden G, Zonca S, Hayward A, Thomas S, Maestrini S, Gnudi L, Viberti GC. Mechanical stretch-induced fibronectin and transforming growth factor-beta1 production in human mesangial cells is p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent. Diabetes 2000; 49:655-61. [PMID: 10871205 DOI: 10.2337/diabetes.49.4.655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hemodynamic abnormalities are important in the pathogenesis of the excess mesangial matrix deposition of diabetic and other glomerulopathies. p38-Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase, an important intracellular signaling molecule, is activated in the glomeruli of diabetic rats. We studied, in human mesangial cells, the effect of stretch on p38 MAP kinase activation and the role of p38 MAP kinase in stretch-induced fibronectin and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) accumulation. p38 MAP kinase was activated by stretch in a rapid (11-fold increase at 30 min, P < 0.001) and sustained manner (3-fold increase at 33 h, P < 0.001); this activation was mediated by protein kinase C (PKC). Stretch-induced fibronectin and TGF-beta1 protein levels were completely abolished (100% inhibition, P < 0.001; and 92% inhibition, P < 0.01, respectively) by SB203580, a specific p38 MAP kinase inhibitor. At 33 h, TGF-beta1 blockade did not affect stretch-induced fibronectin production, but partially prevented stretch-induced p38 MAP kinase activation (59% inhibition, P < 0.05). TGF-beta1 induced fibronectin accumulation after 72 h of exposure via a p38 MAP kinase-dependent mechanism (30% increase over control, P < 0.01). In human mesangial cells, stretch activates, via a PKC-dependent mechanism, p38 MAP kinase, which independently induces TGF-beta1 and fibronectin. In turn, TGF-beta1 contributes to maintaining late p38 MAP kinase activation, which perpetuates fibronectin accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Gruden
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Internal Medicine, Guy's, King's, and St Thomas' School of Medicine, King's College London, UK
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