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Tamis Z, Sadeghi F, Heydari A, Mirza SS, Morowvat MH. Potentials of Stem Cell Therapy in Patients Infected with COVID- 19: A Systematic Review. Recent Pat Biotechnol 2024; 18:227-240. [PMID: 37594090 DOI: 10.2174/1872208317666230818092522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the present study, we have examined different aspects and potentials of stem cells for the management of patients infected with COVID-19. BACKGROUND The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has been reported in most of the countries and territories (>230) of the world with .686 million confirmed cases (as of Apr. 22, 2023). While the scientific community is working to develop vaccines and develop drugs against the COVID-19 pandemic, novel alternative therapies may reduce the mortality rate. Recently, the application of stem cells for critically ill COVID-19 patients in a small group of patients has been examined. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar up to July 2022. Those studies that reviewed COVID-19 and cell therapy potentials were entered into the study. Moreover, some recently published patents were exploited and reviewed. Patentscope, USPTO, Espacenet, Free Patents Online, and Google Patents were used for patent searches. RESULTS Cell-based therapy as a modality of regenerative medicine is considered one of the most promising disciplines in the fields of modern science and medicine. Such an advanced technology offers endless possibilities for transformative and potentially curative treatments for some of the most life-threatening diseases. This therapeutic tool can be useful to reduce the rate of mortality. There have been several published patents for different stem cell therapy platforms in recent years. CONCLUSION Stem cell therapy could be considered a safe and effective therapeutic strategy to reduce death cases in patients infected with COVID-19. Besides, stem cell therapy might increase the pulmonary functions in the patients, it suppresses the occurring inflammations and ameliorates the symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Tamis
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Sadeghi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aigin Heydari
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Box 102152, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Saima Shahzad Mirza
- Department of Zoology, Microbiology Laboratory, University of Education, Bank Road Campus, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Hossein Morowvat
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box 71468-64685, Shiraz, Iran
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Mirza SS, Al-Ansari MM, Ali M, Aslam S, Akmal M, Al-Humaid L, Hussain A. Towards sustainable wastewater treatment: Influence of iron, zinc and aluminum as anode in combination with salt bridge on microbial fuel cell performance. Environ Res 2022; 209:112781. [PMID: 35085564 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Microbial fuel cell (MFC) is a green technology and does not harm the environment. It can be used for wastewater treatment, hydrogen production and power generation. There are lot of avenues need to be investigated to increase the efficiency of MFC and in order to make it acceptable publicly. Efficiency of MFC depends on many factors. In this study, the influence of anode materials (Fe, Al and Zn), their sizes (12, 16 and 20 cm2) and shapes (square, rectangular and circular) were investigated on MFC efficiency. Dual chamber MFC setup was prepared in which Rhodobacter capsulatus was used as biocatalytic agent. Results revealed that Zn anode gave the highest voltage of 1.57 V with corresponding 0.23 A of current. Size of 20 cm2 of anode gave maximum voltage of 1.66 V with corresponding value of 0.08 A current, while anode size of 16 cm2 gave maximum current of 0.75 A with corresponding voltage of 1.65 V. Regarding their studied shapes, circular shape of anode gave the highest voltages of 1.70 V. Salt bridge played an important role in internal resistance of the fuel cell. The results were checked by changing the diameter and length of the salt bridge. The best results were noticed with 16 cm2 circular Zn anode and Fe as cathode. Salt bridge with 7.5 cm length gave the highest voltage of 1.65 V, while 4 gauge diameter salt bridge gave the highest current of 0.85 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Shahzad Mirza
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mysoon M Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mudassar Ali
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Aslam
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akmal
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Latifah Al-Humaid
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Hussain
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
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3
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Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Bressler J, Debette S, Schuur M, Smith AV, Bis JC, Davies G, Trompet S, Smith JA, Wolf C, Chibnik LB, Liu Y, Vitart V, Kirin M, Petrovic K, Polasek O, Zgaga L, Fawns-Ritchie C, Hoffmann P, Karjalainen J, Lahti J, Llewellyn DJ, Schmidt CO, Mather KA, Chouraki V, Sun Q, Resnick SM, Rose LM, Oldmeadow C, Stewart M, Smith BH, Gudnason V, Yang Q, Mirza SS, Jukema JW, deJager PL, Harris TB, Liewald DC, Amin N, Coker LH, Stegle O, Lopez OL, Schmidt R, Teumer A, Ford I, Karbalai N, Becker JT, Jonsdottir MK, Au R, Fehrmann RSN, Herms S, Nalls M, Zhao W, Turner ST, Yaffe K, Lohman K, van Swieten JC, Kardia SLR, Knopman DS, Meeks WM, Heiss G, Holliday EG, Schofield PW, Tanaka T, Stott DJ, Wang J, Ridker P, Gow AJ, Pattie A, Starr JM, Hocking LJ, Armstrong NJ, McLachlan S, Shulman JM, Pilling LC, Eiriksdottir G, Scott RJ, Kochan NA, Palotie A, Hsieh YC, Eriksson JG, Penman A, Gottesman RF, Oostra BA, Yu L, DeStefano AL, Beiser A, Garcia M, Rotter JI, Nöthen MM, Hofman A, Slagboom PE, Westendorp RGJ, Buckley BM, Wolf PA, Uitterlinden AG, Psaty BM, Grabe HJ, Bandinelli S, Chasman DI, Grodstein F, Räikkönen K, Lambert JC, Porteous DJ, Price JF, Sachdev PS, Ferrucci L, Attia JR, Rudan I, Hayward C, Wright AF, Wilson JF, Cichon S, Franke L, Schmidt H, Ding J, de Craen AJM, Fornage M, Bennett DA, Deary IJ, Ikram MA, Launer LJ, Fitzpatrick AL, Seshadri S, van Duijn CM, Mosley TH. GWAS for executive function and processing speed suggests involvement of the CADM2 gene. Mol Psychiatry 2016; 21:189-197. [PMID: 25869804 PMCID: PMC4722802 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2015.37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2013] [Revised: 01/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To identify common variants contributing to normal variation in two specific domains of cognitive functioning, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of executive functioning and information processing speed in non-demented older adults from the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) consortium. Neuropsychological testing was available for 5429-32,070 subjects of European ancestry aged 45 years or older, free of dementia and clinical stroke at the time of cognitive testing from 20 cohorts in the discovery phase. We analyzed performance on the Trail Making Test parts A and B, the Letter Digit Substitution Test (LDST), the Digit Symbol Substitution Task (DSST), semantic and phonemic fluency tests, and the Stroop Color and Word Test. Replication was sought in 1311-21860 subjects from 20 independent cohorts. A significant association was observed in the discovery cohorts for the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs17518584 (discovery P-value=3.12 × 10(-8)) and in the joint discovery and replication meta-analysis (P-value=3.28 × 10(-9) after adjustment for age, gender and education) in an intron of the gene cell adhesion molecule 2 (CADM2) for performance on the LDST/DSST. Rs17518584 is located about 170 kb upstream of the transcription start site of the major transcript for the CADM2 gene, but is within an intron of a variant transcript that includes an alternative first exon. The variant is associated with expression of CADM2 in the cingulate cortex (P-value=4 × 10(-4)). The protein encoded by CADM2 is involved in glutamate signaling (P-value=7.22 × 10(-15)), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) transport (P-value=1.36 × 10(-11)) and neuron cell-cell adhesion (P-value=1.48 × 10(-13)). Our findings suggest that genetic variation in the CADM2 gene is associated with individual differences in information processing speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- CA Ibrahim-Verbaas
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - J Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of
Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - S Debette
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche
Médicale (INSERM), U897, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Bordeaux,
Bordeaux, France,Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux,
France,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - M Schuur
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - AV Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik,
Iceland,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - JC Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - JA Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
| | - C Wolf
- RG Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry,
Munich, Germany
| | - LB Chibnik
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department
of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - V Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Kirin
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, Medical University and General
Hospital of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - O Polasek
- Department of Public Health, University of Split, Split,
Croatia
| | - L Zgaga
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College
Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Fawns-Ritchie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Hoffmann
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM -1), Research
Center Juelich, Juelich, Germany,Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine,
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - J Karjalainen
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - DJ Llewellyn
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of
Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - CO Schmidt
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine
Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - KA Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - V Chouraki
- Inserm, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université
Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - Q Sun
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - SM Resnick
- Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, National Institute on
Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - LM Rose
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M Stewart
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - BH Smith
- Medical Research Institute, University of Dundee, Dundee,
UK
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,Faculty of Medicine, University of Iceland, Reykjavik,
Iceland
| | - Q Yang
- The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - SS Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - JW Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center,
Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - PL deJager
- Program in Translational Neuropsychiatric Genomics, Department
of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - TB Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - DC Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - N Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - LH Coker
- Division of Public Health Sciences and Neurology, Wake Forest
School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - O Stegle
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Max Planck
Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - OL Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
| | - R Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University and General
Hospital of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - A Teumer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics,
University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Center for biostatistics, University of Glasgow,
Glasgow, UK
| | - N Karbalai
- RG Statistical Genetics, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry,
Munich, Germany
| | - JT Becker
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh,
PA, USA
| | | | - R Au
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - RSN Fehrmann
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Herms
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine,
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging,
Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
| | - ST Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal
Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - K Yaffe
- Departments of Psychiatry, Neurology and Epidemiology,
University of California, San Francisco and San Francisco VA Medical Center, San Francisco,
CA, USA
| | - K Lohman
- Department of Epidemiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine,
Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - JC van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - SLR Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor,
MI, USA
| | - DS Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - WM Meeks
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - G Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public
Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - EG Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - PW Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, SW, Australia
| | - T Tanaka
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - DJ Stott
- Department of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University
of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - AJ Gow
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - A Pattie
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - JM Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Alzheimer Scotland Research Centre, Edinburgh, UK
| | - LJ Hocking
- Division of Applied Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen,
UK
| | - NJ Armstrong
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research,
Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Mathematics & Statistics and Prince of Wales
Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S McLachlan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - JM Shulman
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston,
TX, USA,Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, The Jan and Dan
Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - LC Pilling
- Epidemiology and Public Health Group, University of Exeter
Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - RJ Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - NA Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital,
Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus,
Cambridge, UK,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of
Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and
University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Y-C Hsieh
- School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei,
Taiwan
| | - JG Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care,
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki,
Finland,Helsinki University Central Hospital, Unit of General Practice,
Helsinki, Finland,Vasa Central Hospital, Vasa, Finland
| | - A Penman
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of
Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - RF Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of
Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - BA Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - AL DeStefano
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public
Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Garcia
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - JI Rotter
- Medical Genetics Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los
Angeles, CA, USA,Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences,
Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA,
USA,Division of Genetic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics,
Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - MM Nöthen
- Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn,
Germany
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - PE Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical
Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - RGJ Westendorp
- Leiden Academy of Vitality and Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - BM Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College
Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - PA Wolf
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - AG Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical
Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - BM Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine,
University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA,Department of Health Services, University of Washington,
Seattle, WA, USA,Group Health Research Institute, Group Health, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - HJ Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medicine
Greifswald, HELIOS-Hospital Stralsund, Stralsund, Germany
| | - S Bandinelli
- Geriatric Unit, Azienda Sanitaria Firenze (ASF), Florence,
Italy
| | - DI Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital,
Boston, MA, USA
| | - F Grodstein
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine,
Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki,
Helsinki, Finland
| | - J-C Lambert
- Inserm, U1167, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Université
Lille-Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - DJ Porteous
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of
Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - JF Price
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - PS Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, UNSW
Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, The Prince of Wales Hospital,
Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - L Ferrucci
- Translational Gerontology Branch, National Institute on Aging,
Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - JR Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health,
University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - I Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - AF Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular
Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - JF Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Cichon
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Biomedicine,
University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland,Department of Genomics, Life and Brain Research Center,
Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Center
Juelich, Juelich, Germany
| | - L Franke
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Centre Groningen,
University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University and General
Hospital of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - J Ding
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School
of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - AJM de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University
Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - M Fornage
- Institute for Molecular Medicine and Human Genetics Center,
University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - DA Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical
Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - IJ Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, The
University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh,
UK
| | - MA Ikram
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands,Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - LJ Launer
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National
Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - AL Fitzpatrick
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle,
WA, USA
| | - S Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine,
Boston, MA, USA,The National Heart Lung and Blood Institute's Framingham Heart
Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - CM van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus
University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The
Netherlands
| | - TH Mosley
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, University of Mississippi
Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
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4
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Zimmermann E, Ängquist LH, Mirza SS, Zhao JH, Chasman DI, Fischer K, Qi Q, Smith AV, Thinggaard M, Jarczok MN, Nalls MA, Trompet S, Timpson NJ, Schmidt B, Jackson AU, Lyytikäinen LP, Verweij N, Mueller-Nurasyid M, Vikström M, Marques-Vidal P, Wong A, Meidtner K, Middelberg RP, Strawbridge RJ, Christiansen L, Kyvik KO, Hamsten A, Jääskeläinen T, Tjønneland A, Eriksson JG, Whitfield JB, Boeing H, Hardy R, Vollenweider P, Leander K, Peters A, van der Harst P, Kumari M, Lehtimäki T, Meirhaeghe A, Tuomilehto J, Jöckel KH, Ben-Shlomo Y, Sattar N, Baumeister SE, Smith GD, Casas JP, Houston DK, März W, Christensen K, Gudnason V, Hu FB, Metspalu A, Ridker PM, Wareham NJ, Loos RJF, Tiemeier H, Sonestedt E, Sørensen TIA. Is the adiposity-associated FTO gene variant related to all-cause mortality independent of adiposity? Meta-analysis of data from 169,551 Caucasian adults. Obes Rev 2015; 16:327-340. [PMID: 25752329 PMCID: PMC4564522 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Previously, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs9939609, in the FTO gene showed a much stronger association with all-cause mortality than expected from its association with body mass index (BMI), body fat mass index (FMI) and waist circumference (WC). This finding implies that the SNP has strong pleiotropic effects on adiposity and adiposity-independent pathological pathways that leads to increased mortality. To investigate this further, we conducted a meta-analysis of similar data from 34 longitudinal studies including 169,551 adult Caucasians among whom 27,100 died during follow-up. Linear regression showed that the minor allele of the FTO SNP was associated with greater BMI (n = 169,551; 0.32 kg m(-2) ; 95% CI 0.28-0.32, P < 1 × 10(-32) ), WC (n = 152,631; 0.76 cm; 0.68-0.84, P < 1 × 10(-32) ) and FMI (n = 48,192; 0.17 kg m(-2) ; 0.13-0.22, P = 1.0 × 10(-13) ). Cox proportional hazard regression analyses for mortality showed that the hazards ratio (HR) for the minor allele of the FTO SNPs was 1.02 (1.00-1.04, P = 0.097), but the apparent excess risk was eliminated after adjustment for BMI and WC (HR: 1.00; 0.98-1.03, P = 0.662) and for FMI (HR: 1.00; 0.96-1.04, P = 0.932). In conclusion, this study does not support that the FTO SNP is associated with all-cause mortality independently of the adiposity phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zimmermann
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - L H Ängquist
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S S Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J H Zhao
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - D I Chasman
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Q Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - A V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,University of Icelandic, Reykajvik, Iceland
| | - M Thinggaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - M N Jarczok
- Mannheim Institute of Public Health, Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - M A Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - N J Timpson
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - B Schmidt
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - A U Jackson
- Department of Biostatistics and Center for Statistical Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - L P Lyytikäinen
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.,School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - N Verweij
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M Mueller-Nurasyid
- Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, Chair of Genetic Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany.,Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany
| | - M Vikström
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Marques-Vidal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Wong
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - K Meidtner
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - R P Middelberg
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - R J Strawbridge
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - K O Kyvik
- Institute of Regional Health Services Research and Odense Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - A Hamsten
- Atherosclerosis Research Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Jääskeläinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J G Eriksson
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, Department of Chronic Disease Prevention, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland.,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J B Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - H Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - R Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing, University College London, London, UK
| | - P Vollenweider
- Department of Internal Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - K Leander
- Karolinska Institutet, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Unit of Cardiovascular Epidemiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Peters
- Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Herz-Kreislauferkrankungen (DZHK), Partner site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - P van der Harst
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Genetic, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, ICIN-Neterlands Heart Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Kumari
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, UK.,ISER, University of Essex, Colchester, UK
| | - T Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland.,School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Meirhaeghe
- Inserm, U744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University Lille Nord de France, Lille, France
| | - J Tuomilehto
- Diabetes Prevention Unit, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Centre for Vascular Prevention, Danube-University Krems, Krems, Austria.,Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria del Hospital Universario LaPaz (IdiPAZ), Madrid, Spain.,Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - K-H Jöckel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Y Ben-Shlomo
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - N Sattar
- BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Glasgow, UK
| | - S E Baumeister
- Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - G Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J P Casas
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.,Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - D K Houston
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - W März
- Vth Department of Medicine (Nephrology, Hypertensiology, Endocrinology, Diabetology, Rheumatology), Medical Faculty of Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany.,Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Synlab Academy, Synlab Services GmbH, Mannheim, Germany
| | - K Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center and The Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland.,University of Icelandic, Reykajvik, Iceland
| | - F B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - A Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - P M Ridker
- Division of Preventive Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - N J Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - R J F Loos
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, The Genetics of Obesity and Related Metabolic Traits Program, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - H Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Sonestedt
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - T I A Sørensen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark.,MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, UK.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research, Section on Metabolic Genetics, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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5
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Davies G, Armstrong N, Bis JC, Bressler J, Chouraki V, Giddaluru S, Hofer E, Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Kirin M, Lahti J, van der Lee SJ, Le Hellard S, Liu T, Marioni RE, Oldmeadow C, Postmus I, Smith AV, Smith JA, Thalamuthu A, Thomson R, Vitart V, Wang J, Yu L, Zgaga L, Zhao W, Boxall R, Harris SE, Hill WD, Liewald DC, Luciano M, Adams H, Ames D, Amin N, Amouyel P, Assareh AA, Au R, Becker JT, Beiser A, Berr C, Bertram L, Boerwinkle E, Buckley BM, Campbell H, Corley J, De Jager PL, Dufouil C, Eriksson JG, Espeseth T, Faul JD, Ford I, Scotland G, Gottesman RF, Griswold ME, Gudnason V, Harris TB, Heiss G, Hofman A, Holliday EG, Huffman J, Kardia SLR, Kochan N, Knopman DS, Kwok JB, Lambert JC, Lee T, Li G, Li SC, Loitfelder M, Lopez OL, Lundervold AJ, Lundqvist A, Mather KA, Mirza SS, Nyberg L, Oostra BA, Palotie A, Papenberg G, Pattie A, Petrovic K, Polasek O, Psaty BM, Redmond P, Reppermund S, Rotter JI, Schmidt H, Schuur M, Schofield PW, Scott RJ, Steen VM, Stott DJ, van Swieten JC, Taylor KD, Trollor J, Trompet S, Uitterlinden AG, Weinstein G, Widen E, Windham BG, Jukema JW, Wright AF, Wright MJ, Yang Q, Amieva H, Attia JR, Bennett DA, Brodaty H, de Craen AJM, Hayward C, Ikram MA, Lindenberger U, Nilsson LG, Porteous DJ, Räikkönen K, Reinvang I, Rudan I, Sachdev PS, Schmidt R, Schofield PR, Srikanth V, Starr JM, Turner ST, Weir DR, Wilson JF, van Duijn C, Launer L, Fitzpatrick AL, Seshadri S, Mosley TH, Deary IJ. Genetic contributions to variation in general cognitive function: a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies in the CHARGE consortium (N=53949). Mol Psychiatry 2015; 20:183-92. [PMID: 25644384 PMCID: PMC4356746 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
General cognitive function is substantially heritable across the human life course from adolescence to old age. We investigated the genetic contribution to variation in this important, health- and well-being-related trait in middle-aged and older adults. We conducted a meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies of 31 cohorts (N=53,949) in which the participants had undertaken multiple, diverse cognitive tests. A general cognitive function phenotype was tested for, and created in each cohort by principal component analysis. We report 13 genome-wide significant single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) associations in three genomic regions, 6q16.1, 14q12 and 19q13.32 (best SNP and closest gene, respectively: rs10457441, P=3.93 × 10(-9), MIR2113; rs17522122, P=2.55 × 10(-8), AKAP6; rs10119, P=5.67 × 10(-9), APOE/TOMM40). We report one gene-based significant association with the HMGN1 gene located on chromosome 21 (P=1 × 10(-6)). These genes have previously been associated with neuropsychiatric phenotypes. Meta-analysis results are consistent with a polygenic model of inheritance. To estimate SNP-based heritability, the genome-wide complex trait analysis procedure was applied to two large cohorts, the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (N=6617) and the Health and Retirement Study (N=5976). The proportion of phenotypic variation accounted for by all genotyped common SNPs was 29% (s.e.=5%) and 28% (s.e.=7%), respectively. Using polygenic prediction analysis, ~1.2% of the variance in general cognitive function was predicted in the Generation Scotland cohort (N=5487; P=1.5 × 10(-17)). In hypothesis-driven tests, there was significant association between general cognitive function and four genes previously associated with Alzheimer's disease: TOMM40, APOE, ABCG1 and MEF2C.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - N Armstrong
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J C Bis
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J Bressler
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Chouraki
- Inserm-UMR744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Lille, France,Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Giddaluru
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - E Hofer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Documentation, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - C A Ibrahim-Verbaas
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Kirin
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Lahti
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland
| | - S J van der Lee
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Le Hellard
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - T Liu
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany
| | - R E Marioni
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK,Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - C Oldmeadow
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - I Postmus
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A V Smith
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - J A Smith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Thalamuthu
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Thomson
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania
| | - V Vitart
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Wang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - L Yu
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L Zgaga
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland,Andrija Stampar School of Public Health, Medical School, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - W Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R Boxall
- Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S E Harris
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - W D Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - D C Liewald
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H Adams
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - D Ames
- National Ageing Research Institute, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia,Academic Unit for Psychiatry of Old Age, St George's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Kew, Australia
| | - N Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - P Amouyel
- Inserm-UMR744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Lille, France
| | - A A Assareh
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Au
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - J T Becker
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A Beiser
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - C Berr
- Inserm, U106, Montpellier, France,Université Montpellier I, Montpellier, France
| | - L Bertram
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Berlin, Germany,Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - E Boerwinkle
- Human Genetics Center, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA,Human Genome Sequencing Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B M Buckley
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - H Campbell
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Corley
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P L De Jager
- Program in Translational NeuroPsychiatric Genomics, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA,Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - C Dufouil
- Inserm U708, Neuroepidemiology, Paris, France,Inserm U897, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - J G Eriksson
- Folkhälsan Research Centre, Helsinki, Finland,National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland,Department of General Practice and Primary health Care, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Unit of General Practice, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - T Espeseth
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Norwegian Centre For Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - J D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - I Ford
- Robertson Center for Biostatistics, Glasgow, UK
| | - Generation Scotland
- Generation Scotland, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R F Gottesman
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - M E Griswold
- Center of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - V Gudnason
- Icelandic Heart Association, Kopavogur, Iceland,University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T B Harris
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - G Heiss
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - A Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E G Holliday
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - J Huffman
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S L R Kardia
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - N Kochan
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D S Knopman
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - J B Kwok
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J-C Lambert
- Inserm-UMR744, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Unité d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Lille, France
| | - T Lee
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G Li
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S-C Li
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Loitfelder
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - O L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A J Lundervold
- Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Kavli Research Centre for Aging and Dementia, Haraldsplass Deaconess Hospital, Bergen, Norway,K.G. Jebsen Centre for Research on Neuropsychiatric Disorders, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - A Lundqvist
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - K A Mather
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S S Mirza
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Nyberg
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden,Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B A Oostra
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Palotie
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Cambridge, UK,Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland,Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki and University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Papenberg
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany,Karolinska Institutet, Aging Research Center, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Pattie
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Petrovic
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - O Polasek
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - B M Psaty
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Deparment of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Deparment of Health Services, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Group Health Research Unit, Group Health Cooperative, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - P Redmond
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S Reppermund
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J I Rotter
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Division of Genetic Outcomes, Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - H Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria,Centre for Molecular Medicine, Institute of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - M Schuur
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P W Schofield
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - R J Scott
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - V M Steen
- K.G. Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research and the Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT), Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway,Dr Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - D J Stott
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - J C van Swieten
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K D Taylor
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Pediatrics, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - J Trollor
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Department of Developmental Disability Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Trompet
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A G Uitterlinden
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - G Weinstein
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - E Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B G Windham
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - J W Jukema
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Durrer Center for Cardiogenetic Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - A F Wright
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M J Wright
- Neuroimaging Genetics Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Q Yang
- Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA,Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - H Amieva
- Inserm U897, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - J R Attia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute and Faculty of Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - D A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - H Brodaty
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Dementia Collaborative Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A J M de Craen
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - C Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M A Ikram
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands,Department of Radiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - U Lindenberger
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - L-G Nilsson
- ARC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm and UFBI, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - D J Porteous
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Medical Genetics Section, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK,Generation Scotland, University of Edinburgh Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - K Räikkönen
- Institute of Behavioural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - I Reinvang
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Rudan
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P S Sachdev
- Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing, School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Neuropsychiatric Institute, Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Schmidt
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - P R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - V Srikanth
- Menzies Research Institute, Hobart, Tasmania,Stroke and Ageing Research, Medicine, Southern Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - J M Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S T Turner
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - D R Weir
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - J F Wilson
- Centre for Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Netherlands Consortium for Healthy Ageing, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - L Launer
- Intramural Research Program National Institutes on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A L Fitzpatrick
- Deparment of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA,Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - S Seshadri
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Framingham Heart Study, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - T H Mosley
- Division of Geriatrics, Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - I J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK,Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, 7 George Square, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, Scotland, UK. E-mail:
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6
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Mirza SS, Qazi JI, Zhao Q, Chen S. Photo-biohydrogen production potential of Rhodobacter capsulatus-PK from wheat straw. Biotechnol Biofuels 2013; 6:144. [PMID: 24099439 PMCID: PMC3854021 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-6-144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biotechnological exploitation of lignocellulosic biomass is promising for sustainable and environmentally sound energy provision strategy because of the abundant availability of the renewable resources. Wheat straw (WS) comprising of 75-80% cellulose and hemicellulose is one of widely available, inexpensive and renewable lignocellulosic biomass types. The cellulosic and hemicellulose substrate can be hydrolyzed into monomeric sugars by chemical and/or biological methods. RESULTS This study examined comparative potential of dilute acid and pre-ammonia pretreated and enzymatically hydrolyzed wheat straw (WS) for hydrogen production by purple non sulfur bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus-PK. Gas production became noticeable after 14 h of inoculation in WS pretreated with 4% H2SO4. The detoxified liquid hydrolyzate (DLH) after overliming attained a production level of 372 mL-H2/L after 16 h under illumination of 120-150 W/m2 at 30 ± 2.0°C. Whereas the non-detoxified acid pretreated hydrolyzate (NDLH) of WS could produce only upto 254 mL-H2/L after 21 h post inoculation. Evolution of H2 became observable just after 10 ± 2.0 h of inoculation by employing 48 h age inoculum on the WS pretreated with 30% ammonia, hydrolyzed with cellulase 80 FPU/g and β-glucosidase 220 CbU/ml at 50°C. Upto 712 ml/L of culture was measured with continuous shaking for 24 h. The 47.5% and 64.2% higher hydrogen volume than the DLH and NDLH substrates, respectively appeared as a function of significantly higher monomeric sugar contents of the enzymatically hydrolyzed substrate and lesser/zero amounts of toxic derivatives including pH reducing agents. CONCLUSION Photofermentative hydrogen production from lignocellulosic waste is a feasible approach for eco-friendly sustainable supply of bioenergy in a cost-effective way. Results of this study provide new insight for addressing biotechnological exploitation of abundantly available and low-cost cellulosic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saima Shahzad Mirza
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
- Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Bioprocessing and Bioproduct Engineering Laboratory, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Javed Iqbal Qazi
- Microbial Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of the Punjab, 54590 Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Quanbao Zhao
- Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Bioprocessing and Bioproduct Engineering Laboratory, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Shulin Chen
- Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Bioprocessing and Bioproduct Engineering Laboratory, Pullman, WA, USA
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