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Appelberg S, John L, Pardi N, Végvári Á, Bereczky S, Ahlén G, Monteil V, Abdurahman S, Mikaeloff F, Beattie M, Tam Y, Sällberg M, Neogi U, Weissman D, Mirazimi A. Nucleoside-Modified mRNA Vaccines Protect IFNAR -/- Mice against Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus Infection. J Virol 2022; 96:e0156821. [PMID: 34817199 PMCID: PMC8826901 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01568-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), caused by Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), is on the World Health Organizations' list of prioritized diseases and pathogens. With global distribution, high fatality rate, and no approved vaccine or effective treatment, CCHF constitutes a threat against global health. In the current study, we demonstrate that vaccination with nucleoside-modified mRNA-lipid nanoparticles (mRNA-LNP), encoding for the CCHFV nucleoprotein (N) or glycoproteins (GcGn) protect IFNAR-/- mice against lethal CCHFV infection. In addition, we found that both mRNA-LNP induced strong humoral and cellular immune responses in IFNAR-/- and immunocompetent mice and that neutralizing antibodies are not necessary for protection. When evaluating immune responses induced by immunization including CCHFV Gc and Gn antigens, we found the Gc protein to be more immunogenic compared with the Gn protein. Hepatic injury is prevalent in CCHF and contributes to the severity and mortality of the disease in humans. Thus, to understand the immune response in the liver after infection and the potential effect of the vaccine, we performed a proteomic analysis on liver samples from vaccinated and control mice after CCHFV infection. Similar to observations in humans, vaccination affected the metabolic pathways. In conclusion, this study shows that a CCHFV mRNA-LNP vaccine, based on viral nucleo- or glycoproteins, mediate protection against CCHFV induced disease. Consequently, genetic immunization is an attractive approach to prevent disease caused by CCHFV and we believe we have necessary evidence to bring this vaccine platform to the next step in the development of a vaccine against CCHFV infection. IMPORTANCE Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a zoonotic pathogen causing Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF), a severe fever disease. CCHFV has a wide distribution and is endemic in several areas around the world. Cases of CCHF are also being reported in new areas, indicating an expansion of the disease, which is of high concern. Dispersion of the disease, high fatality rate, and no approved vaccine makes CCHF a threat to global health. The development of a vaccine is thus of great importance. Here we show 100% protection against lethal CCHFV infection in mice immunized with mRNA-LNP encoding for different CCHFV proteins. The vaccination showed both robust humoral and cellular immunity. mRNA-LNP vaccines combine the ability to induce an effective immune response, the safety of a transient carrier, and the flexibility of genetic vaccines. This and our results from the current study support the development of a mRNA-LNP based vaccine against CCHFV.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Neutralizing/immunology
- Antibodies, Viral/immunology
- Computational Biology/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic
- Female
- Hemorrhagic Fever Virus, Crimean-Congo/immunology
- Hemorrhagic Fever, Crimean/prevention & control
- High-Throughput Screening Assays
- Immunization
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Liposomes
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- Nanoparticles
- Proteomics/methods
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/deficiency
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- mRNA Vaccines/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lijo John
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Norbert Pardi
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ákos Végvári
- Division of Chemistry I, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Gustaf Ahlén
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vanessa Monteil
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Flora Mikaeloff
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Ying Tam
- Acuitas Therapeutics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matti Sällberg
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ujjwal Neogi
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Drew Weissman
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
- National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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2
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Nilsson K, Abdurahman S, Schwartz S. Influenza virus natural sequence heterogeneity in segment 8 affects interactions with cellular RNA-binding proteins and splicing efficiency. Virology 2020; 549:39-50. [PMID: 32829114 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Segment 8 mRNAs of influenza virus A/Brevig Misson/1918/1 (H1N1) are poorly spliced compared to segment 8 mRNAs of influenza virus A/Netherlands/178/95 (H3N2). Using oligonucleotide-mediated protein pull down with oligos spanning the entire length of segment 8 of either influenza virus H1N1 or influenza virus H3N2 we identified cellular RNA binding proteins that interacted with oligonucleotides derived from either H1N1 or H3N2 sequences. When the identified hot spots for RNA binding proteins in H1N1 segment 8 mRNAs were replaced by H3N2 sequences, splicing efficiency increased significantly. Replacing as few as three nucleotides of the H1N1 mRNA with sequences from H3N2 mRNA, enhanced splicing of the H1N1 mRNAs. Cellular proteins U2AF65 and HuR interacted preferentially with the 3'-splice site of H3N2 and overexpression of HuR reduced the levels of unspliced H1N1 mRNAs, suggesting that U2AF65 and HuR contribute to control of influenza virus mRNA splicing.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Alternative Splicing
- ELAV-Like Protein 1/genetics
- ELAV-Like Protein 1/metabolism
- Genetic Variation
- HeLa Cells
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/genetics
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/metabolism
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/metabolism
- Oligonucleotides/chemistry
- Oligonucleotides/metabolism
- Plasmids/chemistry
- Plasmids/metabolism
- Protein Binding
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Viral/chemistry
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Splicing Factor U2AF/genetics
- Splicing Factor U2AF/metabolism
- Transfection
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/genetics
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Kersti Nilsson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC-B13, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden
| | - Samir Abdurahman
- Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Stefan Schwartz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, BMC-B13, Lund University, 221 84, Lund, Sweden.
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3
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Ciftci S, Neumann F, Abdurahman S, Appelberg KS, Mirazimi A, Nilsson M, Madaboosi N. Digital Rolling Circle Amplification-Based Detection of Ebola and Other Tropical Viruses. J Mol Diagn 2020; 22:272-283. [PMID: 31837428 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmoldx.2019.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging tropical viruses have caused serious outbreaks during the recent years, such as Ebola virus (EBOV) in 2014 and the most recent in 2018 to 2019 in Congo. Thus, immediate diagnostic attention is demanded at the point of care in resource-limited settings, because the performance and the operational parameters of conventional EBOV testing are limited. Especially, their sensitivity, specificity, and coverage of other tropical disease viruses make them unsuitable for diagnostic at the point of care. Here, a padlock probe (PLP)-based rolling circle amplification (RCA) method for the detection of EBOV is presented. For this, a set of PLPs, separately targeting the viral RNA and complementary RNA of all seven EBOV genes, was used in the RCA assay and validated on virus isolates from cell culture. The assay was then translated for testing clinical samples, and simultaneous detection of both EBOV RNA types was demonstrated. For increased sensitivity, the RCA products were enriched on a simple and pump-free microfluidic chip. Because PLPs and RCA are inherently multiplexable, we demonstrate the extension of the probe panel for the simultaneous detection of the tropical viruses Ebola, Zika, and Dengue. The demonstrated high specificity, sensitivity, and multiplexing capability in combination with the digital quantification rendered the assay a promising diagnostic tool toward tropical virus detection at the point of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibel Ciftci
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | - Felix Neumann
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden
| | | | | | - Ali Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden; LABMED, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska Hospital University, Solna, Sweden; National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Mats Nilsson
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden.
| | - Narayanan Madaboosi
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden.
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4
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Forbes KM, Webala PW, Jääskeläinen AJ, Abdurahman S, Ogola J, Masika MM, Kivistö I, Alburkat H, Plyusnin I, Levanov L, Korhonen EM, Huhtamo E, Mwaengo D, Smura T, Mirazimi A, Anzala O, Vapalahti O, Sironen T. Bombali Virus in Mops condylurus Bat, Kenya. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 25:955-957. [PMID: 31002301 PMCID: PMC6478230 DOI: 10.3201/eid2505.181666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bombali virus (genus Ebolavirus) was identified in organs and excreta of an Angolan free-tailed bat (Mops condylurus) in Kenya. Complete genome analysis revealed 98% nucleotide sequence similarity to the prototype virus from Sierra Leone. No Ebola virus–specific RNA or antibodies were detected from febrile humans in the area who reported contact with bats.
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Colavita F, Biava M, Mertens P, Gilleman Q, Borlon C, Delli Guanti M, Petrocelli A, Cataldi G, Kamara AT, Kamara SA, Konneh K, Vincenti D, Castilletti C, Abdurahman S, Mirazimi A, Capobianchi MR, Ippolito G, Miccio R, Di Caro A. EBOLA Ag K-SeT rapid test: field evaluation in Sierra Leone. Clin Microbiol Infect 2017; 24:653-657. [PMID: 29107122 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2017.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Efficient interruption of Ebola virus disease (EVD) transmission chains critically depends on reliable and fast laboratory diagnosis. We evaluated the performance of the EBOLA Virus Antigen Detection K-SeT (EBOLA Ag K-SeT), a new rapid diagnostic antigen test in field settings. METHODS The study was conducted in a field laboratory located in Freetown (Sierra Leone) by the Italian National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' and the EMERGENCY Onlus NGO. The EBOLA Ag K-SeT was tested on 210 residual plasma samples (EVD prevalence 50%) from patients hospitalized at the EMERGENCY Ebola treatment center in Goderich (Freetown), comparing the results with quantitative real-time PCR. RESULTS Overall, the sensitivity of EBOLA Ag K-SeT was 88.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 82.5-94.7), and the corresponding specificity was 98.1% (95% CI, 95.5-100.7). The positive and negative predictive values were 97.9% (95% CI, 95.0-100.8) and 89.6% (95% CI, 84-95.2), respectively. The sensitivity strongly increased up to 98.7% (95% CI, 96.1-101.2) for those samples with high virus load (≥6.2 log RNA copies/mL). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that EBOLA Ag K-SeT could represent a new effective diagnostic tool for EVD, meeting a need for resource-poor settings and rapid diagnosis for individuals with suspected EVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Colavita
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - M Biava
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - C Borlon
- Coris BioConcept, Gembloux, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - A T Kamara
- EMERGENCY Onlus NGO, Milan, Italy; Diagnostic Ebola Virus Diseases Laboratory, 'Princess Christian Maternity Hospital', Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - S A Kamara
- EMERGENCY Onlus NGO, Milan, Italy; Diagnostic Ebola Virus Diseases Laboratory, 'Princess Christian Maternity Hospital', Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - K Konneh
- EMERGENCY Onlus NGO, Milan, Italy; Diagnostic Ebola Virus Diseases Laboratory, 'Princess Christian Maternity Hospital', Freetown, Sierra Leone
| | - D Vincenti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - C Castilletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - S Abdurahman
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Mirazimi
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Stockholm, Sweden; National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M R Capobianchi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - G Ippolito
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - R Miccio
- EMERGENCY Onlus NGO, Milan, Italy
| | - A Di Caro
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani' IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
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6
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Kalu AW, Telele NF, Gebreselasie S, Fekade D, Abdurahman S, Marrone G, Sönnerborg A. Prediction of coreceptor usage by five bioinformatics tools in a large Ethiopian HIV-1 subtype C cohort. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0182384. [PMID: 28841646 PMCID: PMC5571954 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0182384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genotypic tropism testing (GTT) has been developed largely on HIV-1 subtype B. Although a few reports have analysed the utility of GTT in other subtypes, more studies using HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) are needed, considering the huge contribution of HIV-1C to the global epidemic. Methods Plasma was obtained from 420 treatment-naïve HIV-1C infected Ethiopians recruited 2009–2011. The V3 region was sequenced and the coreceptor usage was predicted by five tools: Geno2Pheno clinical–and clonal–models, PhenoSeq-C, C-PSSM and Raymond’s algorithm. The impact of baseline tropism on antiretroviral treatment (ART) outcome was evaluated. Results Of 352 patients with successful baseline V3 sequences, the proportion of predicted R5 virus varied between the methods by 12.5% (78.1%-90.6%). However, only 58.2% of the predictions were concordant and only 1.7% were predicted to be X4-tropic across the five methods. Compared pairwise, the highest concordance was between C-PSSM and Geno2Pheno clonal (86.4%). In bivariate intention to treat (ITT) analysis, R5 infected patients achieved treatment success more frequently than X4 infected at month six as predicted by Geno2Pheno clinical (77.8% vs 58.7%, P = 0.004) and at month 12 by C-PSSM (61.9% vs 46.6%, P = 0.038). However, in the multivariable analysis adjusted for age, gender, baseline CD4 and viral load, only tropism as predicted by C-PSSM showed an impact on month 12 (P = 0.04, OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.06–5.79). Conclusion Each of the bioinformatics models predicted R5 tropism with comparable frequency but there was a large discordance between the methods. Baseline tropism had an impact on outcome of first line ART at month 12 in multivariable ITT analysis but only based on prediction by C-PSSM which thus possibly could be used for predicting outcome of ART in HIV-1C infected Ethiopians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amare Worku Kalu
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Nigus Fikrie Telele
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Gebreselasie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Fekade
- Department of Internal Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Gaetano Marrone
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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7
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Kalu AW, Telele NF, Gebreselasie S, Fekade D, Abdurahman S, Marrone G, Sönnerborg A. Monophylogenetic HIV-1C epidemic in Ethiopia is dominated by CCR5-tropic viruses-an analysis of a prospective country-wide cohort. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:37. [PMID: 28061826 PMCID: PMC5219668 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-2163-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background CCR5 coreceptor using HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C) has been reported to dominate the Ethiopian epidemic. However, almost all data have been obtained from two large cities in the central and north-west regions and recent data is lacking. Methods Plasma were obtained from 420 treatment-naïve patients recruited 2009–2011 to a large country-wide Ethiopian cohort. The V3 region was sequenced and the co-receptor tropism was predicted by the clinical and clonal models of the geno2pheno tool at different false positive rates (fpr) and for subtype. In an intention to treat analysis the impact of baseline tropism on outcome of antiretroviral therapy was evaluated. Results V3 loop sequencing was successful in 352 (84%) patients. HIV-1C was found in 350 (99.4%) and HIV-1A in two (0.6%) patients. When comparing the geno2pheno fpr10% clonal and clinical models, 24.4% predictions were discordant. X4-virus was predicted in 17.0 and 19.0%, respectively, but the predictions were concordant in only 6%. At fpr5%, concordant X4-virus predictions were obtained in 3.1%. The proportion of X4-tropic virus (clonal fpr10%) increased from 5.6 to 17.3% (p < 0.001) when 387 Ethiopian V3 loop sequences dated from 1984 to 2003 were compared with ours. In an intention to treat analysis, 67.9% reached treatment success at month 6 and only 50% at month 12. Only age and not tropism predicted therapy outcome and no difference was found in CD4+ cell gain between R5-tropic and X4-tropic infected patients. At viral failure, R5 to X4 switch was rare while X4 to R5 switch occurred more frequently (month 6: p = 0.006; month 12: p = 0.078). Conclusion The HIV-1C epidemic is monophylogenetic in all regions of Ethiopia and R5-tropic virus dominates, even in patients with advanced immunodeficiency, although the proportion of X4-tropic virus seems to have increased over the last two decades. Geno2pheno clinical and clonal prediction models show a large discrepancy at fpr10%, but not at fpr5%. Hence further studies are needed to assess the utility of genotypic tropism testing in HIV-1C. In ITT analysis only age and not tropism influenced the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amare Worku Kalu
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels Alle 8, F68, Huddinge, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden. .,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Nigus Fikrie Telele
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels Alle 8, F68, Huddinge, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden.,Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Solomon Gebreselasie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Fekade
- Department of internal Medicine, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Samir Abdurahman
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Gaetano Marrone
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Sönnerborg
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Alfred Nobels Alle 8, F68, Huddinge, Stockholm, 14186, Sweden.,Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Dlugosz A, Nowak P, D'Amato M, Mohammadian Kermani G, Nyström J, Abdurahman S, Lindberg G. Increased serum levels of lipopolysaccharide and antiflagellin antibodies in patients with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2015; 27:1747-54. [PMID: 26387872 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Innate immune responses to conserved microbial products such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and flagellin are likely important in microbial-host interactions and intestinal homeostasis. We hypothesized that bacterial translocation and activation of mucosal immunity against common microbial antigens might be involved in the development of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). We therefore compared serum levels of LPS, soluble CD14 (sCD14), and flagellin antibodies between patients with different subtypes of IBS and healthy controls. METHODS We analyzed serum obtained from 88 patients (74 females) aged 19(43)-73 years and 106 healthy volunteers (77 females) aged 19(38)-62 years. Diarrhea-predominant IBS (D-IBS) was present in 32 patients (36%), 23 patients (26%) had constipation-predominant IBS (C-IBS), and 33 patients (38%) had A-IBS. We used ELISA for sCD14 and antiflagellin immunoglobulin G and limulus amebocyte assay for LPS. Abdominal symptoms and psychiatric comorbidities were assessed using validated questionnaires. KEY RESULTS We found a significantly higher serum level of LPS in patients with D-IBS compared to controls (p = 0.0155). The level of antibodies to flagellin was higher in patients with IBS than in controls (mainly driven by higher levels in D-IBS, p = 0.0018). The levels of sCD14 were lower in D-IBS patients compared to controls (p = 0.0498). We found a weak, but significant correlation between the levels of antiflagellin antibodies and anxiety among IBS patients (ρ = 0.38; p = 0.0045). CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES Our results support the concept that immune reactivity to luminal antigens may have a role in the development of D-IBS. The serum level of antiflagellin antibodies was found to correlate with patients' self-reported anxiety score.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dlugosz
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - P Nowak
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M D'Amato
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - G Mohammadian Kermani
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Nyström
- Karolinska Institutet, Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Abdurahman
- Department of Science and Technology, Örebro Life Science Center, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - G Lindberg
- Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine and Center for Digestive Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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9
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Vesterbacka J, Nowak P, Barqasho B, Abdurahman S, Nyström J, Nilsson S, Funaoka H, Kanda T, Andersson LM, Gisslèn M, Sönnerborg A. Kinetics of microbial translocation markers in patients on efavirenz or lopinavir/r based antiretroviral therapy. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55038. [PMID: 23383047 PMCID: PMC3557242 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives We investigated whether there are differences in the effects on microbial translocation (MT) and enterocyte damage by different antiretroviral therapy (ART) regimens after 1.5 years and whether antibiotic use has impact on MT. In a randomized clinical trial (NCT01445223) on first line ART, patients started either lopinavir/r (LPV/r) (n = 34) or efavirenz (EFV) containing ART (n = 37). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), sCD14, anti-flagellin antibodies and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) levels were determined in plasma at baseline (BL) and week 72 (w72). Results The levels of LPS and sCD14 were reduced from BL to w72 (157.5 pg/ml vs. 140.0 pg/ml, p = 0.0003; 3.13 ug/ml vs. 2.85 ug/ml, p = 0.005, respectively). The levels of anti-flagellin antibodies had decreased at w72 (0.35 vs 0.31 [OD]; p<0.0004), although significantly only in the LPV/r arm. I-FABP levels increased at w72 (2.26 ng/ml vs 3.13 ng/ml; p<0.0001), although significantly in EFV treated patients only. Patients given antibiotics at BL had lower sCD14 levels at w72 as revealed by ANCOVA compared to those who did not receive (Δ = −0.47 µg/ml; p = 0.015). Conclusions Markers of MT and enterocyte damage are elevated in untreated HIV-1 infected patients. Long-term ART reduces the levels, except for I-FABP which role as a marker of MT is questionable in ART-experienced patients. Why the enterocyte damage seems to persist remains to be established. Also antibiotic usage may influence the kinetics of the markers of MT. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01445223
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Vesterbacka
- Unit of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Backström Winquist E, Abdurahman S, Tranell A, Lindström S, Tingsborg S, Schwartz S. Inefficient splicing of segment 7 and 8 mRNAs is an inherent property of influenza virus A/Brevig Mission/1918/1 (H1N1) that causes elevated expression of NS1 protein. Virology 2012; 422:46-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2011] [Revised: 09/16/2011] [Accepted: 10/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Barqasho B, Nowak P, Abdurahman S, Walther-Jallow L, Sönnerborg A. Implications of the release of high-mobility group box 1 protein from dying cells during human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in vitro. J Gen Virol 2010; 91:1800-9. [PMID: 20200191 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.016915-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma levels of high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) are elevated during the course of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection and the molecule has an impact on virus replication. This study investigated the mode of cell death and release of HMGB1 during HIV-1 infection in vitro. MT4 cells and primary CD4(+) T cells were infected with HIV-1 isolates, and HMGB1 release was monitored in relation to cytopathic effects (CPE) and apoptosis. HMGB1 release from cells was analysed by Western blotting. For MT4 cells, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay was adapted to measure the release during necrosis. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was quantified using a commercial assay. Flow cytometry was used to determine the level of infection and apoptosis. MT4 cells were > or =90 % infected at 48 h post-infection (p.i.). CPE was first observed at 60 h and correlated with release of HMGB1, LDH activity and caspase-3 (C3) activation. HMGB1 spots were clearly detected by ELISPOT assay at 72 h p.i. Annexin V and C3 staining showed that apoptosis was substantially involved in HIV-1-related cell death. Addition of Z-VAD (a caspase inhibitor) in a single dose at 24 or 40 h p.i. decreased both the number of caspase-positive cells and the release of HMGB1. Infection of primary CD4(+) T cells showed a 22 % (median) infection rate at 96 h. Related CPE corresponded to LDH and HMGB1 release. Both necrosis and apoptosis contributed to HMGB1 liberation during HIV-1-induced cell death and the protein could induce tumour necrosis factor-alpha release from peripheral mononuclear blood cells. These data imply that passive HMGB1 release contributes to the excessive immune activation characteristic of HIV-1 pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babilonia Barqasho
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Abdurahman S, Végvári A, Levi M, Höglund S, Högberg M, Tong W, Romero I, Balzarini J, Vahlne A. Isolation and characterization of a small antiretroviral molecule affecting HIV-1 capsid morphology. Retrovirology 2009; 6:34. [PMID: 19356241 PMCID: PMC2670814 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-6-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2008] [Accepted: 04/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Formation of an HIV-1 particle with a conical core structure is a prerequisite for the subsequent infectivity of the virus particle. We have previously described that glycineamide (G-NH2) when added to the culture medium of infected cells induces non-infectious HIV-1 particles with aberrant core structures. Results Here we demonstrate that it is not G-NH2 itself but a metabolite thereof that displays antiviral activity. We show that conversion of G-NH2 to its antiviral metabolite is catalyzed by an enzyme present in bovine and porcine but surprisingly not in human serum. Structure determination by NMR suggested that the active G-NH2 metabolite was α-hydroxy-glycineamide (α-HGA). Chemically synthesized α-HGA inhibited HIV-1 replication to the same degree as G-NH2, unlike a number of other synthesized analogues of G-NH2 which had no effect on HIV-1 replication. Comparisons by capillary electrophoresis and HPLC of the metabolite with the chemically synthesized α-HGA further confirmed that the antiviral G-NH2-metabolite indeed was α-HGA. Conclusion α-HGA has an unusually simple structure and a novel mechanism of antiviral action. Thus, α-HGA could be a lead for new antiviral substances belonging to a new class of anti-HIV drugs, i.e. capsid assembly inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Abdurahman
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, F68 Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden.
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13
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Abdurahman S, Youssefi M, Höglund S, Vahlne A. Characterization of the invariable residue 51 mutations of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid protein on in vitro CA assembly and infectivity. Retrovirology 2007; 4:69. [PMID: 17903253 PMCID: PMC2064932 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-4-69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2007] [Accepted: 09/28/2007] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mature HIV-1 conical core formation proceeds through highly regulated protease cleavage of the Gag precursor, which ultimately leads to substantial rearrangements of the capsid (CAp24) molecule involving both inter- and intra-molecular contacts of the CAp24 molecules. In this aspect, Asp51 which is located in the N-terminal domain of HIV-1 CAp24 plays an important role by forming a salt-bridge with the free imino terminus Pro1 following proteolytic cleavage and liberation of the CAp24 protein from the Pr55Gag precursor. Thus, previous substitution mutation of Asp51 to alanine (D51A) has shown to be lethal and that this invariable residue was found essential for tube formation in vitro, virus replication and virus capsid formation. RESULTS We extended the above investigation by introducing three different D51 substitution mutations (D51N, D51E, and D51Q) into both prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems and studied their effects on in vitro capsid assembly and virus infectivity. Two substitution mutations (D51E and D51N) had no substantial effect on in vitro capsid assembly, yet they impaired viral infectivity and particle production. In contrast, the D51Q mutant was defective both for in vitro capsid assembly and for virus replication in cell culture. CONCLUSION These results show that substitutions of D51 with glutamate, glutamine, or asparagine, three amino acid residues that are structurally related to aspartate, could partially rescue both in vitro capsid assembly and intra-cellular CAp24 production but not replication of the virus in cultured cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Abdurahman
- Division of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet, F68 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Masoud Youssefi
- Division of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet, F68 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Höglund
- Department of Biochemistry, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Vahlne
- Division of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet, F68 Karolinska University Hospital, SE-141 86 Stockholm, Sweden
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Abdurahman S, Höglund S, Höglund A, Vahlne A. Mutation in the loop C-terminal to the cyclophilin A binding site of HIV-1 capsid protein disrupts proper virus assembly and infectivity. Retrovirology 2007; 4:19. [PMID: 17371591 PMCID: PMC1832212 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-4-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 03/19/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the effects associated with two single amino acid substitution mutations in HIV-1 capsid (CA), the E98A and E187G. Both amino acids are well conserved among all major HIV-1 subtypes. HIV-1 infectivity is critically dependent on proper CA cone formation and mutations in CA are lethal when they inhibit CA assembly by destabilizing the intra and/or inter molecular CA contacts, which ultimately abrogate viral replication. Glu98, which is located on a surface of a flexible cyclophilin A binding loop is not involved in any intra-molecular contacts with other CA residues. In contrast, Glu187 has extensive intra-molecular contacts with eight other CA residues. Additionally, Glu187 has been shown to form a salt-bridge with Arg18 of another N-terminal CA monomer in a N-C dimer. However, despite proper virus release, glycoprotein incorporation and Gag processing, electron microscopy analysis revealed that, in contrast to the E187G mutant, only the E98A particles had aberrant core morphology that resulted in loss of infectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Abdurahman
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospial, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Höglund
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Höglund
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anders Vahlne
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospial, Stockholm, Sweden
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Vahlne A, Abdurahman S, Levi M, Andersson E, Svennerholm B, Horal P, Jejcic A, Höglund S, Vegvaris A, Högberg M, Balzarini J. AlphaHGA; A New Antiviral Substance Against HIV Affecting Capsid Assembly. Retrovirology 2005. [DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-2-s1-s94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Abdurahman S, Höglund S, Goobar-Larsson L, Vahlne A. Selected amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 capsid protein affect virus assembly and release. J Gen Virol 2004; 85:2903-2913. [PMID: 15448352 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.80137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The capsid protein (CA or p24) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) plays a major role both early and late in the virus replication cycle. Many studies have suggested that the C-terminal domain of this protein is involved in dimerization and proper assembly of the viral core. Point mutations were introduced in two conserved sites of this region and their effects on viral protein expression, particle assembly and infectivity were studied. Eight different mutants (L205A+P207A, L205A, P207A, 223GPG225AAA, G223A, P224A, G225A and V221G) of the infectious clone pNL4-3 were constructed. Most substitutions had no substantial effect on HIV-1 protein synthesis, yet they impaired viral infectivity and particle production. The two mutants P207A and V221G also had a profound effect on Gag–Pol protein processing in HeLa–tat cells. However, these results were cell line-specific and Gag–Pol processing of P207A was not affected in 293T cells. In HeLa–tat cells, no virus particles were detected with the P207A mutation, whereas the other mutant virus particles were heterogeneous in size and morphology. None of the mutants showed normal, mature, conical core structures in HeLa–tat cells. These results indicate that the two conserved sequences in the C-terminal CA domain are essential for proper morphogenesis and infectivity of HIV-1 particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Abdurahman
- Division of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Höglund
- Department of Biochemistry, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Laura Goobar-Larsson
- Division of Clinical Chemistry, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anders Vahlne
- Division of Clinical Virology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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Lambert ML, Sugulle H, Seyoum D, Abdurahman S, Abdinasir A, Frieden M, Matthys F, Van der Stuyft P. How can detection of infectious tuberculosis be improved? Experience in the Somali region of Ethiopia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2003; 7:485-8. [PMID: 12757051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In early 1999, 48% of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) cases detected in the Somali region of Ethiopia were smear-positive. Actions at the laboratory level and peer-review of smear-negative PTB diagnoses were proposed. Clinicians knew, but did not adhere to, the algorithm recommended by the National Tuberculosis Programme for these diagnoses, partly due to the costs involved to patients. Challenging clinicians, in a non-threatening way, to become more clinically rigorous proved successful, and the proportion of smear-positive PTB increased to 65%. Operational research is needed to assess the feasibility of these widely-recommended smear-negative PTB diagnosis guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Lambert
- Department of Public Health, Institute For Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
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