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Boudjelal Y, Krutova M, Djebbar A, Sebaihia M, Bekara MEA, Rouabhia S, Couturier J, Syed-Zaidi R, Barbut F. Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Clostridioides difficile isolates in Algerian hospitals. J Infect Dev Ctries 2022; 16:1055-1063. [PMID: 35797301 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.16056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Clostridioides difficile is a major pathogen responsible for hospital-associated diarrhoea. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology and antibiotic resistance of C. difficile isolates in five Algerian hospitals. METHODOLOGY Between 2016 and 2019, faecal specimens were collected from in-patients and were cultured for C. difficile. Isolates were characterised by toxin genes detection, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)-ribotyping, Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST), antimicrobial susceptibility testing against a panel of antibiotics, and screened for antimicrobial resistance genes. RESULTS Out of 300 patient stools tested, 18 (6%) were positive for C. difficile by culture, and were found to belong to 11 different ribotypes (RT) and 12 sequence types (ST): RT 085/ST39, FR 248/ST259, FR 111/ST48, RT 017/ST37, RT 014/ST2, RT 014/ST14, FR 247/new ST, RT 005/ST6, RT 029/ST16, RT 039/ST26, RT 056/ST34 and RT 446/ST58. MLST analysis assigned the isolates to two clades, 1 and 4. Clade 4 was more homogeneous, as it mainly included non-toxigenic isolates. Three toxin gene profiles were detected, two toxigenic, A+B+CDT- (33.3%) and A-B+CDT- (11%); and one non-toxigenic, A-B-CDT- (55.5%). All C. difficile isolates were susceptible to metronidazole, vancomycin and moxifloxacin. CONCLUSIONS Overall prevalence of C. difficile in our healthcare settings was 6%. Antibiotic resistance rates ranged from 72.2% (clindamycin) to 16.6% (tetracycline). This study highlighted a relatively high genetic diversity in term of ribotypes, sequence types, toxin and antibiotic resistance patterns, in the C. difficile isolates. Further larger studies are needed to assess the true extent of C. difficile infections in Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youcef Boudjelal
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Algeria
| | - Marcela Krutova
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Charles University, 2nd Faculty of Medicine and Motol University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Abla Djebbar
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Algeria
| | - Mohammed Sebaihia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Algeria.
| | - Mohammed El Amine Bekara
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Genomics and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature and Life Sciences, University Hassiba Benbouali of Chlef, Algeria
| | - Samir Rouabhia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University hospital Touhami Benflis, Batna, Algeria
| | - Jeanne Couturier
- National Reference Laboratory for C. difficile, Saint Antoine Hospital in Paris, AP-HP, France
| | - Rabab Syed-Zaidi
- National Reference Laboratory for C. difficile, Saint Antoine Hospital in Paris, AP-HP, France
| | - Frédéric Barbut
- European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) study group for Clostridioides difficile (ESGCD)
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Rouabhia S, Baghazza S, Sadouki H, Djezzar S, Bencherif R, Guehimeche R, Sadelaoud M, Mallem D, Chaabna K. Ventricular Extrasystoles after First Dose of Sofosbuvir in a Patient Treated with Propranolol but not with Amiodarone: A Case Report. Rev Recent Clin Trials 2018; 12:159-161. [PMID: 28745218 DOI: 10.2174/1574887112666170725132044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sofosbuvir is a direct-acting antiviral drug used to treat chronic hepatitis C infection. In 2015, Gilead Sciences, the manufacturer of sofosbuvir, warned that bradycardia could occur when sofosbuvir is administered in combination with amiodarone. Interestingly, among the reported cases of patients with sofosbuvir and amiodarone related bradycardia, some of them were also treated with propranolol. OBJECTIVE We herein report a case of ventricular extrasystoles within three hours after the coadministration of sofosbuvir-containing regimen with propranolol. This patient had never been treated with amiodarone. After the sofosbuvir-containing regimen was stopped, ventricular extrasystoles disappeared within 24 hours. This observation suggests that the association of sofosbuvir with propranolol may have a role in the emergence of cardiac arrhythmia. CONCLUSION Patients treated with amiodarone and/or propranolol should be continuously monitored within the early hours following the initiation of sofosbuvir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rouabhia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Touhami Benflis, Batna 05000, Algeria and Department of Medicine, University Batna 2, Batna 05000. Algeria
| | - Sabah Baghazza
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Touhami Benflis, Batna 05000. Algeria
| | - Hamza Sadouki
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Touhami Benflis, Batna 05000. Algeria
| | - Sihem Djezzar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Touhami Benflis, Batna 05000. Algeria
| | - Rafik Bencherif
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Touhami Benflis, Batna 05000. Algeria
| | - Rofia Guehimeche
- Department of Medicine, University Batna 2, Batna 05000. Algeria
| | - Mourad Sadelaoud
- Sadelaoud Laboratory of Medical Biology, La verdure, Batna, 05000. Algeria
| | - Djamel Mallem
- Department of Medicine, University Batna 2, Batna 05000. Algeria
| | - Karima Chaabna
- Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Cornell University, Doha. Qatar
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Rouabhia S, Chaabna K. Hepatitis C infection in eastern Algeria: Between statistics and reality. J Med Virol 2016; 89:941-942. [PMID: 27626771 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rouabhia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Touhami Benflis, Batna, Algeria.,Department of Medicine, University of Batna 2, Batna, Algeria
| | - Karima Chaabna
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology Group, Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Cornell University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Healthcare Policy and Research, Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York
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Abenavoli L, Masarone M, Peta V, Milic N, Kobyliak N, Rouabhia S, Persico M. Insulin resistance and liver steatosis in chronic hepatitis C infection genotype 3. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:15233-15240. [PMID: 25386071 PMCID: PMC4223256 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i41.15233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a common chronic liver disease worldwide. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance (IR) are the major determinants of fibrosis progression and response to antiviral therapy. The pathogenetic link between IR and chronic HCV infection is complex, and is associated with HCV genotype. Liver steatosis is the most common in the patients infected with genotype 3 virus, possibly due to direct effects of genotype 3 viral proteins. To the contrary, hepatic steatosis in the patients infected with other genotypes is thought to be mostly due to the changes in host metabolism, involving IR. In HCV genotype 3, liver steatosis correlates with viral load, reverts after reaching the sustained virologic response and reoccurs in the relapsers. A therapeutic strategy to improve IR and liver steatosis and subsequently the response to antiviral treatment in these patients is warranted.
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Chaabna K, Soerjomataram I, Rouabhia S, Chichoune S, Scholtes C, Vanhems P, Saidi M, Forman D. Co-occurrence of diffuse large B cell non-hodgkin lymphoma and chronic hepatitis C in Algerian patients: two case reports. J Cancer Res Ther 2014; 9:532-3. [PMID: 24126002 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1482.119372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
For the first time in Algeria, we report on the presentation, diagnosis and management of two cases of diffuse large B cell NHL with chronic HCV infection. Both Algerian patients came for medical consult without HCV-related symptoms. Systematic serological tests to identify HIV and hepatitis B and C infections which performed on all patients led to HCV diagnosis. Chemotherapy was given to both patients without exacerbation of the HCV infection. These observed cases shed new light on the possible pathogenesis of NHL in Algerian population. Indeed, in Algeria, HCV may partly been responsible of the unexplained increase of NHL incidence in Eastern region of Algeria especially among those who are frequently exposed to HCV risk factors (haemodialysis and dental care). Furthermore, our observations underscore the importance of prevention programmes including screening to control HCV in Algeria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karima Chaabna
- Section of Cancer Information, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 Cours A, Thomas, Lyon Cedex, France
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Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease etiology worldwide. It encompasses a spectrum ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Although the physiopathology of NAFLD is partly known. Insulin-resistance plays a central role in the development and progression of NAFLD. Several studies have indicated that metformin, as an insulin sensitizer, effectively improves NAFLD and its related metabolic status. Metformin was effective in reducing enzyme levels in the short period, but very limited and controversial information are available on liver histology. Larger randomized controlled trials of sufficient duration using clearly defined histological endpoints are needed to fully assess the efficacy of this drug in modifying the natural history of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rouabhia
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Center Touhami Benfis, Batna, Algeria
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Abenavoli L, Milic N, Rouabhia S, Addolorato G. Pharmacotherapy of acute alcoholic hepatitis in clinical practice. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:2159-67. [PMID: 24605014 PMCID: PMC3942820 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i9.2159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 01/02/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is an acute form of alcohol induced liver disease with a poor prognosis that is seen in the patients who consume large quantities of alcohol. The diagnosis of AH is based on the appropriate alcohol intake history and is supported with clinical and histological features, and several scoring systems. Glucocorticoids are the mainstay for treating severe AH with pentoxifylline used as an alternative to steroids in addition to total alcohol abstinence. Liver transplantation is a possible therapeutic option for severe AH. Among the anti-craving medications able to improve abstinence rate, baclofen seems to be effective and safe in the alcoholic patients affected by severe liver damage.
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Abenavoli L, Scarpellini E, Rouabhia S, Balsano C, Luzza F. Probiotics in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: which and when. Ann Hepatol 2013; 12:357-63. [PMID: 23619251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common and serious disease. Literature reports the central role of the gut-liver axis in the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and recently suggests that the microbiota is a casual factor of the disease, involved in the interactions between intestinal lumen and liver. Probiotic are commensal bacteria, able to modulate the microbiota with benefits for the health of humans. Several data suggest a range of potentially beneficial medicinal uses for probiotics, in particular in NAFLD patients. However, the species with higher efficacy in this disease are not identified. The present review focuses on the role of gut-liver axis in the pathogenesis, and on the potential therapeutic role of probiotics in the managing of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Abenavoli
- Department of Health Sciences, University Magna Græcia, Catanzaro-Italy.
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Rouabhia S, Sadelaoud M, Chaabna-Mokrane K, Toumi W, Abenavoli L. Hepatitis C virus genotypes in north eastern Algeria: A retrospective study. World J Hepatol 2013; 5:393-397. [PMID: 23898373 PMCID: PMC3724968 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v5.i7.393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2013] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To determine the frequency of various hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes present in patients from north eastern Algeria.
METHODS: This is a retrospective cross-sectional study of 435 HCV infected patients from northeast Algeria, detected in the Sadelaoud laboratory and diagnosed between January 2010 and December 2012. The patients were diagnosed with HCV infection in their local hospitals and referred to be assessed for HCV genotype before the antiviral treatment. Demographic information (sex, age and address), genotype, subtype and viral load were retrieved from the patient medical records. The serum samples were tested by the type-specific genotyping assay.
RESULTS: The majority of the patients (82.5%) were from the central part of the examined region (P = 0.002). The mean age of the patients studied was 53.6 ± 11.5 years. HCV genotype 1 was the most frequent (88.7%), followed by genotypes 2 (8.5%), 4 (1.1%), 3 (0.9%) and 5 (0.2%). Genotype 6 was not detected in these patients. Mixed infection across the HCV subtypes was detected in twenty patients (4.6%). The genotype distribution was related to age and region. Genotype 1 was significantly less frequent in the ≥ 60 age group than in the younger age group (OR = 0.2; 95%CI: 0.1-0.5, P < 0.001). Furthermore, genotype 1 was more frequent in the central part of the examined region than elsewhere (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSION: The HCV genotype (type 1b was dominant) distribution in Algeria is different from those in other northern countries of Africa.
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Rouabhia S, Malek R, Bounecer H, Dekaken A, Amor FB, Sadelaoud M, Benouar A. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Algerian patients with hepatitis C virus infection. World J Gastroenterol 2010; 16:3427-31. [PMID: 20632447 PMCID: PMC2904891 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i27.3427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the prevalence of, and risk factors for, diabetes mellitus (DM) in Algerian patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and in a control group.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study was undertaken. A total of 416 consecutive patients with viral chronic hepatitis attending the Internal Medicine Department of the University Hospital Center Touhami Benflis in Batna [290 HCV-infected and 126 hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected patients] were prospectively recruited.
RESULTS: The prevalence of DM was higher in HCV-infected patients in comparison with HBV-infected patients (39.1% vs 5%, P < 0.0001). Among patients without cirrhosis, diabetes was more prevalent in HCV-infected patients than in HBV-infected patients (33.5% vs 4.3%, P < 0.0001). Among patients with cirrhosis, diabetes was more prevalent in HCV-infected patients, but the difference was not significant (67.4% vs 20%, P = 0.058). The logistic regression analysis showed that HCV infection [odds ratio (OR) 4.73, 95% CI: 1.7-13.2], metabolic syndrome (OR 12.35, 95% CI: 6.18-24.67), family history of diabetes (OR 3.2, 95% CI: 1.67-6.13) and increased hepatic enzymes (OR 2.22, 95% CI: 1.1-4.5) were independently related to DM in these patients.
CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of diabetes in HCV-infected patients, and its occurrence at early stages of hepatic disease, suggest that screening for glucose abnormalities should be indicated in these patients.
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Pagnoux C, Régent A, Seror R, Rouabhia S, Bérezné A, Goulvestre C, Pennaforte JL, Guillevin L. Patients atteints de vascularite P-Anca positive avec anti-CCP : un profil évolutif particulier marqué par des atteintes articulaires inflammatoires récidivantes mais non érosives. Rev Med Interne 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2010.03.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Ali-Guechi S, Roula D, Malek R, Rouabhia S, Chelghoum A. Syndrome de Hughes-Stovin au cours de la maladie de Behçet : à propos de 7 cas. Rev Med Interne 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2009.10.182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Epidemiologic studies have suggested a relation between hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and diabetes mellitus. HCV infection is emerging as a metabolic disease, and diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for HCV infection. However, some data on the prevalence of antibodies to HCV in patients with diabetes are conflicting. These seroprevalence data should be interpreted with caution. Some potential bias may occur in those clinic-based studies that target a specific disease group. In this letter we explain some reasons for these conflicting studies.
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Rouabhia S, Ramanoelina J, Godmer P, Reach G, Dutel JL, Guillevin L. [Insulin autoimmune syndrome revealing systemic lupus erythematosus]. Ann Med Interne (Paris) 2003; 154:59-60. [PMID: 12746660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
A 22-year-old woman was admitted in August 2001 for loss of consciousness due to hypoglycemia. Her serum insulin level during the hypoglycemic episode was high at 121 mU/l (normal range: 5-25 mU/l). She had never received an insulin injection. Insulin antibodies by radioimmunoassay were positive. During hospitalisation, the patient presented clinical and biological features of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Treatment with high-dose corticosteroids and cyclophosphamide resulted in restoration of euglycemia associated with resolution of circulating anti-insulin antibodies and parallel improvement in clinical and laboratory features of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samir Rouabhia
- Service de Médecine Interne, Hôpital Avicienne, CHU, AP-HP, Bobigny
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