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González-Villalobos E, Ribas-Aparicio RM, Belmont-Monroy L, Aparicio-Ozores G, Manjarrez-Hernández HÁ, Gavilanes-Parra S, Balcázar JL, Molina-López J. Identification and characterization of class 1 integrons among multidrug-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains in Mexico. Microb Pathog 2021; 162:105348. [PMID: 34871727 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to identify and characterize integrons among multidrug-resistant (MDR) uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) from outpatients in Mexico City, Mexico. PCR assays were used to screen for the presence of class 1, 2 and 3 integrons, whose PCR products were sequenced to identify the inserted gene cassettes within the variable regions. Out of 83 tested strains, 53 (63.9%) were positive for the presence of class 1 integrons, whereas no integrons were detected in the remaining strains, regardless of their classes. Most of the strains carrying the intI1 gene belonged to the extraintestinal B2 (41.5%) and commensal A (32.1%) phylogroups, and to a lesser extent, the extraintestinal D (20.8%) and commensal B1 (5.7%) phylogroups. Moreover, 8 different gene cassette arrangements were detected, with dfrA17 and aadA5 being the most common (32.1% of the class 1 integron-positive strains), which confer resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and aminoglycosides, respectively. Our results suggest that class 1 integrons are widely distributed among MDR-UPEC strains in Mexico, which may directly or indirectly contribute to the selection of MDR strains. These findings are important for a better understanding of the factors and mechanisms that promote multidrug resistance among UPEC strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar González-Villalobos
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, 11340, Mexico; Unidad Periférica de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Salud Pública, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, 17003, Spain.
| | - Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, 11340, Mexico.
| | - Laura Belmont-Monroy
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, 11340, Mexico; Unidad Periférica de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Salud Pública, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico.
| | - Gerardo Aparicio-Ozores
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (ENCB), Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, 11340, Mexico.
| | - H Ángel Manjarrez-Hernández
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM. Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Unidad Periférica de Patogénesis Bacteriana, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
| | - Sandra Gavilanes-Parra
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM. Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Unidad Periférica de Patogénesis Bacteriana, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Tlalpan, Mexico City, 14080, Mexico.
| | - José Luis Balcázar
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Girona, 17003, Spain; University of Girona. Girona, 17004, Spain.
| | - José Molina-López
- Unidad Periférica de Investigación Básica y Clínica en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Salud Pública, División de Investigación, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, 04510, Mexico; Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Mexico City, 06720, Mexico.
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Gomez-Cruz J, Nair S, Manjarrez-Hernandez A, Gavilanes-Parra S, Ascanio G, Escobedo C. Cost-effective flow-through nanohole array-based biosensing platform for the label-free detection of uropathogenic E. coli in real time. Biosens Bioelectron 2018; 106:105-110. [PMID: 29414075 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.01.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rapid, inexpensive and sensitive detection of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), a common cause of ascending urinary tract infections (UTIs) including cystitis and pyelonephritis, is critical given the increasing number of cases and its recurrence worldwide. In this paper, we present a label-free nanoplasmonic sensing platform, built with off-the-shelf optical and electronic components, which can detect intact UPEC at concentrations lower than the physiological limit for UTI diagnosis, in real time. The sensing platform consists of a red LED light source, lens assembly, CMOS detector, Raspberry Pi interface in conjugation with a metallic flow-through nanohole array-based sensor. Detection is achieved exploiting nanoplasmonic phenomena from the nanohole arrays through surface plasmon resonance imaging (SPRi) technique. The platform has a bulk sensitivity of 212 pixel intensity unit (PIU)/refractive index unit (RIU), and a resolution in the order of 10-6 RIU. We demonstrate capture and detection of UPEC with a detection limit of ~100 CFU/ml - a concentration well below the threshold limit for UTI diagnosis in clinical samples. We also demonstrate detection of UPEC in spiked human urine samples for two different concentrations of bacteria. This work is particularly relevant for point-of-care applications, especially for regions around the world where accessibility to medical facilities is heavily dependent upon economy, and availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Gomez-Cruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6; Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CCADET), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Srijit Nair
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Angel Manjarrez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, México; Unidad Periférica de Patogénesis Bacteriana en Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - Sandra Gavilanes-Parra
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, México; Unidad Periférica de Patogénesis Bacteriana en Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Ciudad de México 14080, México
| | - Gabriel Ascanio
- Centro de Ciencias Aplicadas y Desarrollo Tecnológico (CCADET), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Ciudad de México 04510, México
| | - Carlos Escobedo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6.
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Manjarrez-Hernandez A, Molina-López J, Gavilanes-Parra S, Hernandez-Castro R. Escherichia coli clonal group A among uropathogenic infections in Mexico City. J Med Microbiol 2016; 65:1438-1444. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.000389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Angel Manjarrez-Hernandez
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General Dr. Gea González, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
| | - José Molina-López
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Edificio de Investigación Hemato-Oncología 5to, Piso Hospital Infantil de México ‘Federico Gómez’, C.P. 06720 Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gavilanes-Parra
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, UNAM, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico
- Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General Dr. Gea González, Tlalpan, Ciudad de México 14080, Mexico
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Belmont-Monroy L, Ribas-Aparicio RM, Navarro-Ocaña A, Manjarrez-Hernández HÁ, Gavilanes-Parra S, Aparicio-Ozores G, Cauich-Sánchez PI, Garza-Ramos U, Molina-López J. Characterization of Escherichia coli causing community acquired urinary tract infections in Mexico City. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 87:193-195. [PMID: 27916544 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The O25-ST131 clone was identified within 169 uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains. The 44.8% of the 29 O25-ST131 clones detected were positive to least to one extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene. The phylogroup D was mainly found. The O25-ST131 clone appeared to be associated with community-acquired UTI in Mexico City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Belmont-Monroy
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Navarro-Ocaña
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Ángel Manjarrez-Hernández
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico; Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gavilanes-Parra
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico; Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Aparicio-Ozores
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Isidra Cauich-Sánchez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ulises Garza-Ramos
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Departamento de Diagnóstico Epidemiológico, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - José Molina-López
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
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Gavilanes-Parra S, Mendoza-Hernández G, Chávez-Berrocal ME, Girón JA, Orozco-Hoyuela G, Manjarrez-Hernández A. Identification of secretory immunoglobulin A antibody targets from human milk in cultured cells infected with enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). Microb Pathog 2013; 64:48-56. [PMID: 24036180 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2012] [Revised: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 09/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) uses a type III secretion system (T3SS) to inject effectors into host cells and alter cellular physiology. The aim of the present study was to identify targets of human secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies from the proteins delivered by EPEC into HEp-2 cells after infection. Bacterial proteins delivered into EPEC-infected cells were obtained in sub-cellular fractions (cytoplasmic, membrane, and cytoskeleton) and probed with sIgA antibodies from human milk and analyzed by Western blotting. These sIgA antibodies reacted with Tir and EspB in the cytoplasmic and membrane fractions, and with intimin in the membrane fraction mainly. The sIgA also identified an EPEC surface-associated Heat-shock protein 70 (Hsp70) in HEp-2 cells infected with EPEC. Purified Hsp70 from EPEC was able to bind to HEp-2 cells, suggesting adhesive properties in this protein. EspC secreted to the medium reacted strongly with the sIgA antibodies. An EPEC 115 kDa protein, unrelated to the EspC protein, was detected in the cytoplasm of infected HEp-2 cells, suggesting that this is a new protein translocated by EPEC. The results suggest that there is a strong host antibody response to Tir and intimin, which are essential proteins for attaching and effacing (A/E) pathogen mediated disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gavilanes-Parra
- Departamento de Salud Publica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, D. F. 04510, Mexico
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Molina-López J, Aparicio-Ozores G, Ribas-Aparicio RM, Gavilanes-Parra S, Chávez-Berrocal ME, Hernández-Castro R, Manjarrez-Hernández HÁ. Drug resistance, serotypes, and phylogenetic groups among uropathogenic Escherichia coli including O25-ST131 in Mexico City. J Infect Dev Ctries 2011; 5:840-9. [PMID: 22169782 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 09/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/05/2011] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The increasing prevalence of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains resistant to multiple antibiotics complicates the treatment of urinary tract infections (UTIs). This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial resistance, serotypes, and phylogenetic groups among strains of E. coli isolated from outpatients with UTIs in Mexico City. METHODOLOGY A total of 119 E. coli isolates were recovered from urine samples from outpatients with clinical diagnosis of uncomplicated UTIs from 2004 to 2007. The serotype was assessed by agglutination in microtiter plates; susceptibility to antimicrobials was determined by the disk diffusion method. Clone O25-ST131 and phylogenetic groups of E. coli strains were tested by methods based on PCR multiplex. RESULTS The predominant serotype was O25:H4 (21.2%). Resistance to antibiotics was ampicillin (83.7%); piperacillin (53.8%); the fluoroquinolone group (55.5-60.6%), and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (TMP/SMX) (56.4%). Additionally, 36 (30.2%) isolates were multidrug-resistant and 13 of these 36 strains were identified as E. coli O25-ST131 clone by an allele-specific PCR-based assay. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 15 of 17 isolates with serotype O25:H4 belonged to group B2. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report that establishes the presence in Mexico of the O25-ST131 clonal group of E. coli, which has been associated with multidrug-resistance and with high virulence potential. The spread of this clone in Mexico should be monitored closely. We found a correlation between serotype O25:H4 and multidrug resistance in UPEC strains. Our results indicate that the use of ampicillin, fluoroquinolones, and TMP/SMX should be reviewed when selecting empirical therapy for UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Molina-López
- Departamento de Microbiología de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas (IPN), Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, México, D.F. 11340, México
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Manjarrez-Hernandez HA, Gavilanes-Parra S, Chavez-Berrocal E, Navarro-Ocaña A, Cravioto A. Antigen detection in enteropathogenic Escherichia coli using secretory immunoglobulin A antibodies isolated from human breast milk. Infect Immun 2000; 68:5030-6. [PMID: 10948121 PMCID: PMC101729 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.9.5030-5036.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2000] [Accepted: 06/14/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) produces a characteristic attaching and effacing (A/E) lesion in the small intestines of infected children. The immune response to EPEC infection remains poorly characterized. The molecular targets that elicit protective immunity against EPEC disease are unknown. In this study protein antigens from EPEC were identified using secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies isolated from milk from Mexican women by Western blot analysis. Purified sIgA antibodies, which inhibit the adherence of EPEC to cells, reacted to many EPEC proteins, the most prominent of which were intimin (a 94-kDa outer membrane protein) and two unknown proteins with apparent molecular masses of 80 and 70 kDa. A culture supernatant protein of 110 kDa also reacted strongly with the sIgA antibodies. The molecular size of this protein and its reactivity with specific anti-EspC antiserum suggest that it is EPEC-secreted protein C (EspC). These EPEC surface protein antigens were consistently recognized by all the different sIgA samples obtained from 15 women. Screening of clinical isolates of various O serogroups from cases of severe infantile diarrhea revealed that all EPEC strains able to produce the A/E lesion showed expression of intimin and the 80- and 70-kDa proteins. Such proteins reacted strongly with the purified sIgA pool. Moreover, nonvirulent E. coli strains were unable to generate a sIgA response. The immunogenic capacities of the 80- and 70-kDa proteins as virulence antigens have not been previously reported. The strong sIgA response to intimin and the 80- and 70-kDa proteins obtained in this study indicates that such antigens stimulate intestinal immune responses and may elicit protective immunity against EPEC disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Manjarrez-Hernandez
- Departamento de Salud Publica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
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Manjarrez-Hernandez A, Gavilanes-Parra S, Chavez-Berrocal ME, Molina-Lopez J, Cravioto A. Binding of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli to 32- to 33-kilodalton human intestinal brush border proteins. Infect Immun 1997; 65:4494-501. [PMID: 9353025 PMCID: PMC175646 DOI: 10.1128/iai.65.11.4494-4501.1997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
We have detected human intestinal brush border proteins to which Escherichia coli strains adhere by means of a blotting-nitrocellulose method in which the binding of radiolabeled bacteria to sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis-separated intestinal cell membranes was evaluated. The brush border fraction contained several polypeptides that bound only adherent E. coli strains. The most prominent and consistent of these proteins had apparent molecular masses of 32 to 33 kDa. Additional polypeptides ranging from 50 to 70, from 105 to 130, and from 180 to 200 kDa were also recognized by adherent E. coli strains, although with less intensity (in accordance with the number of bound bacteria to these polypeptides). Independently of the pattern of adherence (localized [LA], diffuse [DA], or aggregative [AggA]) all HEp-2-adhering strains recognized, with different intensities, the 32- to 33-kDa brush border proteins, whereas nonadhesive strains did not. The relative avidity of an LA strain to bind to the 32- to 33-kDa proteins was approximately seven- and sixfold higher than the binding of strains with aggregative and diffuse adherence, respectively. Thus, it is reasonable to think that LA, DA, and AggA strains have a common adhesin that mediates binding to the 32- to 33-kDa bands. Inhibition experiments using HEp-2 cells demonstrated that isolated 32- to 33-kDa proteins or specific antiserum blocked preferentially bacterial adherence of the LA pattern. Delipidization and protein digestion of the human brush borders confirmed that E. coli bound to structures of a proteinaceous nature. Deglycosylation studies and sodium meta-periodate oxidation of the intestinal cell membranes decreased bacterial binding activity significantly, indicating that E. coli bound to carbohydrate moieties in the glycoproteins. These results suggest that binding of E. coli strains, mainly of the LA phenotype, to the 32- to 33-kDa proteins could play a role in colonization through adherence to the intestinal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Manjarrez-Hernandez
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico
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