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Gana J, Gcebe N, Moerane R, Ngoshe YB, Tshuma T, Moabelo K, Adesiyun AA. A comparative study on the occurrence, genetic characteristics, and factors associated with the distribution of Listeria species on cattle farms and beef abattoirs in Gauteng Province, South Africa. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:88. [PMID: 38409615 PMCID: PMC10896870 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03934-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
These cross-sectional studies reported the occurrence, genetic characteristics, and factors associated with the distribution of Listeria species on cattle farms and beef abattoirs in Gauteng Province, South Africa. A total of 328 samples (faeces, feeds, silage, and drinking water) were collected from 23 cattle farms (communal, cow-calf, and feedlot), and 262 samples (faeces, carcass swabs, and effluents) from 8 beef abattoirs (low throughput and high throughput) were processed using standard bacteriological and molecular methods to detect Listeria species. The factors associated with the prevalence of Listeria species were investigated, and multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) was used to determine Listeria species, the pathogenic serogroups, and the carriage of eight virulence-associated genes by Listeria monocytogenes. The overall prevalence of Listeria species in cattle farms was 14.6%, comprising Listeria innocua (11.3%), Listeria monocytogenes (3.4%), Listeria welshimeri (0.0%) compared with 11.1%, comprising Listeria innocua (5.7%), Listeria monocytogenes (4.6%), Listeria welshimeri (0.8%) for beef abattoirs. Of the three variables (area, type of farm/abattoir, and sample type) investigated, only the sample types at abattoirs had a significant (P < 0.001) effect on the prevalence of L. innocua and L. welshimeri. The frequency of distribution of the serogroups based on 11 L. monocytogenes isolated from farms was 72.7% and 27.3% for the serogroup 1/2a-3a and 4b-4d-4e, respectively, while for the 12 L. monocytogenes isolates recovered from abattoirs, it was 25%, 8.3%, 50% and 16.7% for the serogroup 1/2a-3a, 1/2b-3b, 1/2c-3c, and 4b-4d-4e respectively (P < 0.05). All (100%) isolates of L. monocytogenes from the farms and abattoirs were positive for seven virulence genes (hlyA, inlB, plcA, iap, inlA, inlC, and inlJ). The clinical and food safety significance of the findings cannot be ignored.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gana
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
- Department of Agricultural Education, Federal College of Education, P.M.B. 39, Kontagora, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - N Gcebe
- Bacteriology Department, Onderstepoort Veterinary Research, Agricultural Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - R Moerane
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - Y B Ngoshe
- Epidemiology Section, Department of Production Animal Studies, Epidemiology Section, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - T Tshuma
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - K Moabelo
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa
| | - A A Adesiyun
- Department of Production Animal Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 0110, South Africa.
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago.
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Figueroa Y, Gentiluomo J, Grisaro A, Buffoni M, Zipenco N, Sucari A, Buonfiglio P, Costa M. [Epidemiological study and serotyping by multiple PCR of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from food matrices in Argentina]. Rev Argent Microbiol 2023; 55:387-394. [PMID: 37479608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Listeria monocytogenes is an opportunistic foodborne pathogen. It can resist stress conditions by adapting through the production of biofilms, which represents a serious problem for the food industry. It is classified into 14 serotypes, although only four (1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, and 4b) account for 89.0-98.0% of listeriosis cases worldwide. The objective of this study was to detect and serotype L.monocytogenes isolated from different food matrices from processing plants in Argentina. In the period 2016-2021, 1832 samples (meat, ready-to-eat foods, ice cream, dairy foods, and frozen vegetables) were analyzed, of which 226 (12.34%) isolates compatible with L.monocytogenes were detected. At the same time, environmental and surface samplings were performed in processing plants for ready-to-eat foods, sausages and dairy products, where environmental contamination with L.monocytogenes was detected in numerous critical points of the process, yielding a positivity rate of 22.7%. The molecular analysis of serogroups was performed, where it was observed that serogroup IIb was the most frequent with 66.5% (n=107), and in descending order IIc with 22.3% (n=36), and IIa (n=9) and IVb (n=9) with 5.6%. The serogroup mostly isolated in environmental monitoring was IIb. This work highlights the importance of the detection and serotyping of L.monocytogenes for taking actionable measures and identifying outbreaks, and is the first study in Argentina to describe an extensive study in food matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamila Figueroa
- División Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria y Ambiental, Stamboulian Servicios de Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Jimena Gentiluomo
- División Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria y Ambiental, Stamboulian Servicios de Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Agustina Grisaro
- División Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria y Ambiental, Stamboulian Servicios de Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Buffoni
- División Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria y Ambiental, Stamboulian Servicios de Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nadia Zipenco
- División Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria y Ambiental, Stamboulian Servicios de Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Adriana Sucari
- División Higiene y Seguridad Alimentaria y Ambiental, Stamboulian Servicios de Salud, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Paula Buonfiglio
- Laboratorio de Fisiología y Genética de la Audición, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular Dr. Hector N. Torres (INGEBI-CONICET), Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Magdalena Costa
- IGEVET - Instituto de Genética Veterinaria Ing. Fernando N. Dulout (UNLP-CONICET LA PLATA), Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Remfry SE, Amachawadi RG, Shi X, Bai J, Tokach MD, Dritz SS, Goodband RD, Derouchey JM, Woodworth JC, Nagaraja TG. Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli in Feces of Finisher Pigs: Isolation, Identification, and Public Health Implications of Major and Minor Serogroups†. J Food Prot 2021; 84:169-180. [PMID: 33411931 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-20-329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) are major foodborne human pathogens that cause mild to hemorrhagic colitis, which could lead to complications of hemolytic uremic syndrome. Seven serogroups, O26, O45, O103, O111, O121, O145, and O157, account for the majority of the STEC illnesses in the United States. Shiga toxins 1 and 2, encoded by stx1 and stx2, respectively, and intimin, encoded by eae gene, are major virulence factors. Cattle are a major reservoir of STEC, but swine also harbor them in the hindgut and shed STEC in the feces. Our objectives were to use a culture method to isolate and identify major and minor serogroups of STEC in finisher pig feces. Shiga toxin genes were subtyped to assess public health implications of STEC. Fecal samples (n = 598) from finisher pigs, collected from 10 pig flows, were enriched in E. coli broth and tested for stx1, stx2, and eae by a multiplex PCR (mPCR) assay. Samples positive for stx1 or stx2 gene were subjected to culture methods, with or without immunomagnetic separation and plating on selective or nonselective media, for isolation and identification of stx-positive isolates. The culture method yielded a total of 178 isolates belonging to 23 serogroups. The three predominant serogroups were O8, O86, and O121. The 178 STEC strains included 26 strains with stx1a and 152 strains with stx2e subtypes. Strains with stx1a, particularly in association with eae (O26 and O103), have the potential to cause severe human infections. All stx2-positive isolates carried the subtype stx2e, a subtype that causes edema disease in swine, but is rarely involved in human infections. Several strains were also positive for genes that encode for enterotoxins, which are involved in neonatal and postweaning diarrhea in swine. In conclusion, our study showed that healthy finisher pigs harbored and shed several serogroups of E. coli carrying virulence genes involved in neonatal diarrhea, postweaning diarrhea, and edema disease, but prevalence of STEC of public health importance was low. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Remfry
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - R G Amachawadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA.,Center for Outcomes Research and Epidemiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA.,(ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9689-1124 [R.G.A.])
| | - X Shi
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - J Bai
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - M D Tokach
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - S S Dritz
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - R D Goodband
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - J M Derouchey
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - J C Woodworth
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
| | - T G Nagaraja
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66502, USA
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Maćkiw E, Stasiak M, Kowalska J, Kucharek K, Korsak D, Postupolski J. Occurrence and Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes in Ready-to-Eat Meat Products in Poland. J Food Prot 2020; 83:1002-1009. [PMID: 32045003 DOI: 10.4315/jfp-19-525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Listeria monocytogenes is a potential hazard for food safety and therefore for public health. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of L. monocytogenes in Polish ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products for retail sale. Among the 184,439 food samples collected within the framework of a national official control and monitoring program, only 0.3% were positive for L. monocytogenes. A significant group of products that did not meet the criteria were RTE meat products. This group accounted for 40% of all noncompliant samples. Seventy L. monocytogenes isolates from these RTE meat products (meat, sausages, and delicatessen products with meat) were examined. The majority of the tested isolates (51%) belonged to serogroup 1/2a-3a followed by 1/2c-3c (21%), 1/2b-3b-7 (14%), and 4ab-4b-4d-4e (13%). Serogroup 4a-4c was not present among the tested isolates. All L. monocytogenes isolates harbored the virulence-associated genes inlA, inlC, inlJ, and lmo2672. The llsX marker was detected in 12 (17%) of the 70 isolates. Ampicillin resistance was the most common resistance phenotype and was identified in 83% of the L. monocytogenes isolates. A low incidence of resistance to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (6% of isolates) was also detected. All L. monocytogenes isolates were susceptible to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline, and erythromycin. This work provides useful information regarding contamination of RTE meat products with L. monocytogenes, which may have implications for food safety risks. HIGHLIGHTS
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Affiliation(s)
- Elżbieta Maćkiw
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Stasiak
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kowalska
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Kucharek
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dorota Korsak
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, 1 Miecznikowa Str., 02-096 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jacek Postupolski
- Department of Food Safety, National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene, 24 Chocimska Str., 00-791 Warsaw, Poland
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Miyashita N, Higa F, Aoki Y, Kikuchi T, Seki M, Tateda K, Maki N, Uchino K, Ogasawara K, Kiyota H, Watanabe A. Distribution of Legionella species and serogroups in patients with culture-confirmed Legionella pneumonia. J Infect Chemother 2020; 26:411-417. [PMID: 32081644 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Legionella species are consistently identified as some of the most common causative agents of severe community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) or nosocomial pneumonia. Although the number of reported Legionella infection cases is gradually increasing in Japan, most cases are diagnosed by a urinary antigen test, which identifies only L. pneumophila serogroup 1. Therefore, assessment of pneumonia-causing Legionella species and serogroups would be important. The Japan Society for Chemotherapy Legionella committee has collected the isolates and clinical information on cases of sporadic community-acquired Legionella pneumonia throughout Japan. Between December 2006 and March 2019, totally 140 sporadic cases were identified, in which L. pneumophila was the most frequently isolated species (90.7%) followed by L. bozemanae (3.6%), L. dumofii (3.6%), L. micdadei (1.4%), and L. longbeachae (0.7%). Among 127 isolates of L. pneumophila, 111 isolates were of serogroup 1, two of serogroup 2, four of serogroup 3, one of serogroup 4, one of serogroup 5, seven of serogroup 6, and one was of serogroup 10. We also assessed in vitro activity of antibiotics against these isolates and showed that quinolones and macrolides have potent anti-Legionella activity. Our study showed that pneumonia-causing Legionella species and serogroup distribution was comparable to that reported in former surveillances. L. pneumophila was the most common etiologic agent in patients with community-acquired Legionella pneumonia, and L. pneumophila serogroup 1 was the predominant serogroup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoyuki Miyashita
- First Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Disease and Allergology, Kansai Medical University, Japan.
| | - Futoshi Higa
- National Hospital Organization Okinawa National Hospital, Japan
| | - Yosuke Aoki
- Department of Infectious Disease and Hospital Epidemiology, Saga University Hospital, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Masafumi Seki
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Hospital, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Tateda
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Toho University School of Medicine, Japan
| | - Nobuko Maki
- Taisho Toyama Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Japan
| | | | | | - Hiroshi Kiyota
- Department of Urology, The Jikei University Katsushika Medical Center, Japan
| | - Akira Watanabe
- Development of Anti-Infective Agents, Faculty of Medical Science and Welfare, Tohoku Bunka Gakuen University, Japan
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Siqueira CC, Fraga DBM, Chagas-Junior AD, Athanazio DA, Silva MMN, Cerqueira RB, da C McBride FW, Pinna MH, Ayres MCC. Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with equineleptospirosis in the metropolitan region of Salvador and Recôncavo Baiano region, Bahia state (NE Brazil). Trop Anim Health Prod 2019; 52:31-39. [PMID: 31289965 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-019-01956-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Equine leptospirosis, although usually asymptomatic, has been associated with recurrent uveitis, abortion, and other systemic signs, constituting a major economic loss in the equine agribusiness sector. The occurrence of anti-Leptospira spp. agglutinins were investigated in 1200 serum samples of horses from 27 municipalities of the Recôncavo Baiano region, Bahia state (NE Brazil), besides the risk factors related to animals and their cattle farms. The microscopic agglutination test (MAT) was performed using 13 serogroups of Leptospira spp. as antigens. From 1200 analyzed equines, 97 (8%) were considered as positive, which obtained titer equal to or higher than 200. In 22 (78.6%) from the 28 properties, at least one animal was detected as seropositive. The most prevalent serogroup in animals, raised in stables, was the Australis (serovar Bratislava) 67%; in mounted police animals was the Sejroe (serovar Wolffi and Hardjobovis) 50%; and equestrian animals was the Australis (serovar Bratislava) 25% and Icterohaemorrhagiae (serovar Copenhageni) 25%. Equine leptospirosis is present in most cattle farms of the region studied. The risk factors of major importance regarded the semi-extensive livestock farming, the land topography of the cattle farm, the contact with animals in neighboring properties, and cohabitation with goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cândida C Siqueira
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Deborah B M Fraga
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Adenizar D Chagas-Junior
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Candeal, Salvador, BA, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Daniel A Athanazio
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Candeal, Salvador, BA, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Marta M N Silva
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Robson B Cerqueira
- Bacteriosis Laboratory, Federal University of the Recôncavo of Bahia, Cruz das Almas, BA, Brazil
| | - Flávia W da C McBride
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Centro de Pesquisas Gonçalo Moniz, Rua Waldemar Falcão 121, Candeal, Salvador, BA, 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Melissa H Pinna
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil
| | - Maria C C Ayres
- Post Graduate Program in Animal Science in the Tropics, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Adhemar de Barros, 500, Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil.
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Shokouhi Mostafavi SK, Najar-Peerayeh S, Mohabbati Mobarez A, Kardoust Parizi M. Serogroup distribution, diversity of exotoxin gene profiles, and phylogenetic grouping of CTX-M-1- producing uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2019; 65:148-153. [PMID: 31300106 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of CTX-M-1 producing Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) has become a serious challenge. In addition to antimicrobial resistance, a number of virulence factors have been shown. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the prevalence of O- serogroups, phylogenetic groups, exotoxin genes, and antimicrobial resistance properties of CTX-M-1- producing UPEC. A total of 248 UPEC isolates were collected. The antibiotic resistance was performed, and PCR was used to detect the blaCTX-M1, exotoxins, serogroups and phylogroups of UPEC. Of 248 isolates, 95 (38.3%) harbored blaCTX-M-1. Of them, serogroups O1 and O25 were predominant, accounting for 20% and 13.7%, respectively. The hlyA was the dominant exotoxin gene (32.6%), followed by sat (28.4%), vat (22.1%), cnf (13.7%), picU (8.4%), and cdt (2.1%). The hlyA gene was significantly associated with pyelonephritis (P = 0.003). Moreover, almost half of the isolates (45.4%) belonged to phylogenetic group B2. Most of exotoxin genes were present in significantly higher proportions in group B2 isolates except cdt gene (P < 0.05). All of the isolates were susceptible to imipenem, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. The CTX-M-1-producing UPEC strains causing nosocomial infections are more likely to harbor certain exotoxin genes, raising the possibility that this increase in virulence genes may result in an increased risk of complicated UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shahin Najar-Peerayeh
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Ashraf Mohabbati Mobarez
- Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Kardoust Parizi
- Department of Urology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Abstract
Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a leading cause of invasive infections associated with high mortality and morbidity, notably meningitis and septicemia. Etiological rapid diagnosis is key for the preventive management of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). However, conventional methods for diagnosis are time-consuming and could be hampered by the difficulties in culturing the isolates from clinical specimens especially due to early antibiotic treatment. Therefore, sensitive, specific and rapid non-culture-based methods are valuable for early diagnosis, effective therapy, and prevention. Here we describe a real-time PCR multiplex assays for the detection of Nm targeting the meningococcal-specific gene crgA, coding for a LysR-like transcriptional regulator, and six serogroup-specific (A, B, C, W, X, Y) Nm capsular genes, using a Qiagen column-based method for the optimum isolation of DNA from clinical specimens. Internal quality controls were included to monitor extraction of DNA, inhibition and the technical validation of the PCR as well.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Hong
- Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex, France
| | - Muhamed-Kheir Taha
- Invasive Bacterial Infections Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris Cedex, France
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9
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Pinto PS, Pestana C, Medeiros MA, Lilenbaum W. Plurality of Leptospira strains on slaughtered animals suggest a broader concept of adaptability of leptospires to cattle. Acta Trop 2017; 172:156-159. [PMID: 28472618 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Leptospirosis in bovines is in majority determined by the host-adapted serovars, mainly Hardjo (types Hardjoprajitno and Hardjobovis), that belong to the serogroup Sejroe. Members of other serogroups as Pomona and Tarassovi have been eventually reported, mainly when outbreaks occurs. Nevertheless, the real role of other strains (non-Hardjo) on determining disease or being transmitted by cattle free of apparent clinical signs of acute infection remains to be elucidated. In that context, the aim of the present study was to investigate the hypothesis that strains of serovars/serogroups other than Hardjo may also be maintained and shed by cattle free of clinical signs. Samples of urine and/or vaginal fluid were collected from 697 bovines from a slaughterhouse located close to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Culturing yielded 19 isolates what represents the largest number ever obtained in Brazil on similar studies. These strains were serogrouped and genetically characterized. Fifteen of those were described in other papers and four are first described on the present study. Isolates belong to three different species (Leptospira santarosai, L. alstonii and L. interrogans) and five serogroups (Sarmin, Tarassovi, Shermani, Grippotyphosa and Sejroe). The majority (84.2%) of the isolates belongs to the species L. santarosai, the most prevalent species on cattle in the studied region. Non-Hardjo (non-Sejroe) strains represent 57.9% of the isolates, what indicates an unexpected high diversity of serogroups obtained from these cattle. This suggest that non-Hardjo (non-Sejroe) strains may also be maintained and shed by cattle and that finding must be considered in the epidemiology and control of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila S Pinto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, 101 Prof. Hernani Mello Street, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Pestana
- Laboratory of Recombinant Technology, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil
| | - Marco A Medeiros
- Laboratory of Recombinant Technology, Bio-Manguinhos, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Brazil
| | - Walter Lilenbaum
- Laboratory of Veterinary Bacteriology, Biomedical Institute, Fluminense Federal University, 101 Prof. Hernani Mello Street, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Wieczorek K, Osek J. Prevalence, genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Listeria monocytogenes isolated from fresh and smoked fish in Poland. Food Microbiol 2017; 64:164-171. [PMID: 28213022 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2016.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A total of 57 out of 301 (18.9%) fresh and smoked fish samples in Poland were positive for Listeria monocytotgenes. The bacteria were most frequently identified in fresh and smoked salmon (32.0% and 33.8% respectively) as well as in fresh cod (31.8%). Only three samples of smoked salmon were contaminated with the bacteria above 100 CFU/g. Four molecular serogroups were identified and the most prevalent, 1/2a-3a (40 isolates; 70.2%), was present in samples from both marine (33 strains; 71.7%) and freshwater fish (7 isolates; 63.6%). Similar duality of prevalence was observed only for L. monocytogenes of 1/2b-3b-7 serogroup (14 strains; 24.6%), which was identified in 11 (23.9%) marine and 3 (27.3%) freshwater fish. All isolates harboured 10 virulence-associated genes (inlA, inlB, inlC, inlJ, lmo2672, plcA, plcB, hlyA, actA, and mpl) and most of them (56; 98.2%) also possessed the flaA marker. Several strains displayed resistance to oxacillin (33; 57.9%), ceftriaxone (18; 31.6%), or clindamycin (5; 8.8%), and two isolates of serogroup 1/2a-3a showed multiresistance to all three. Genetic subtyping showed the presence of different pulsotypes belonging to six PFGE clusters. The obtained results provide useful information regarding fish contamination with L. monocytogenes which may have implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Wieczorek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jacek Osek
- Department of Hygiene of Food of Animal Origin, National Veterinary Research Institute, Partyzantow 57, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.
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Belmont-Monroy L, Ribas-Aparicio RM, Navarro-Ocaña A, Manjarrez-Hernández HÁ, Gavilanes-Parra S, Aparicio-Ozores G, Cauich-Sánchez PI, Garza-Ramos U, Molina-López J. Characterization of Escherichia coli causing community acquired urinary tract infections in Mexico City. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2016; 87:193-195. [PMID: 27916544 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The O25-ST131 clone was identified within 169 uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strains. The 44.8% of the 29 O25-ST131 clones detected were positive to least to one extended-spectrum β-lactamase gene. The phylogroup D was mainly found. The O25-ST131 clone appeared to be associated with community-acquired UTI in Mexico City.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Belmont-Monroy
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico; Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosa María Ribas-Aparicio
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Armando Navarro-Ocaña
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - H Ángel Manjarrez-Hernández
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico; Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gavilanes-Parra
- Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico; Dirección de Investigación, Hospital General Dr. Manuel Gea González, Secretaría de Salud, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Aparicio-Ozores
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Isidra Cauich-Sánchez
- Departamento de Microbiología, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ulises Garza-Ramos
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (INSP), Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas (CISEI), Departamento de Diagnóstico Epidemiológico, Cuernavaca, Mor., Mexico
| | - José Molina-López
- Laboratorio de Patogenicidad Bacteriana, Unidad de Hemato-Oncología e Investigación, Hospital Infantil de México "Federico Gómez", Mexico City, Mexico; Departamento de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico.
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12
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Kang JH, Miao Y, Lee S, Kim JH, Lee KY, Ma SH, Jo DS, Song H, Haag M. A Survey of Serum Bactericidal Antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis Serogroups A, C, W and Y in Adolescents and Adults in the Republic of Korea. Infect Chemother 2016; 48:12-9. [PMID: 27104011 PMCID: PMC4835430 DOI: 10.3947/ic.2016.48.1.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This descriptive epidemiological study aimed to assess the prevalence of serum bactericidal antibodies against Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y in adolescents and adults in the Republic of Korea. Materials and Methods In total, 987 subjects aged 11-55 years from five geographical regions of Korea were included in the study. Human serum bactericidal assay (hSBA) was used to measure hSBA titres for serogroups A, C, W and Y. Percentages of subjects with hSBA titres ≥4 and ≥8, geometric mean titres (GMTs), and associated 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated. Analysis was performed for the entire study population and stratified by age group or region. No statistical hypotheses were tested. Results The highest percentage of subjects with hSBA titres ≥8 was observed for serogroup W (74%), was similar for serogroups C (34%) and Y (36%), and was lowest for serogroup A (9%). The percentages of subjects with hSBA titres ≥4 were similar to those with hSBA titres ≥8 for all serogroups. GMTs were 2.56 µg/mL (serogroup A), 5.14 µg/mL (serogroup C), 22.63 µg/mL (serogroup W) and 5.28 µg/mL (serogroup Y). Similar trends in GMTs across serogroups were seen for individual regions and age groups. The highest GMTs for serogroups A, W and Y were recorded in the >19-29 years group, and for serogroup C in the >49-55 years group. Across all regions, GMTs were very similar for serogroups A, C and Y, while more variation was seen for serogroup W. Conclusion In the Korean population, among Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, C, W and Y, serum bactericidal antibodies were most prevalent against serogroup W and least prevalent against serogroup A. These trends were maintained across age groups and regions. The highest GMTs for serogroups A, W and Y were observed in the >19-29 years group. The reasons behind the observed differences in prevalence of bactericidal antibodies against the serogroups are currently not understood, although carriage and cross-reactivity of the assay may be important influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Han Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yan Miao
- GlaxoSmithKline BV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - SooYoung Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Incheon St.Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Yil Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Ma
- Department of Pediatrics, Changwon Fatima Hospital, Changwon, Korea
| | - Dae Sun Jo
- Department of Pediatrics Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Korea
| | | | - Mendel Haag
- Seqirus Netherlands BV, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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13
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Cao B, Tian Z, Wang S, Zhu Z, Sun Y, Feng L, Wang L. Structural comparison of O-antigen gene clusters of Legionella pneumophila and its application of a serogroup-specific multiplex PCR assay. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 2015; 108:1405-1423. [PMID: 26415652 DOI: 10.1007/s10482-015-0594-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The Legionella pneumophila serogroups O1, O4, O6, O7, O10 and O13 are pathogenic strains associated with pneumonia. The surface O-antigen gene clusters of L. pneumophila serogroups O4, O6, O7, O10 and O13 were sequenced and analyzed, with the function annotated on the basis of homology to that of the genes of L. pneumophila serogroup O1 (L. pneumophila subsp. pneumophila str. Philadelphia 1). The gene locus of the six L. pneumophila serogroups contains genes of yvfE, neuABCD, pseA-like for nucleotide sugar biosynthesis, wecA for sugar transfer, and wzm as well as wzt for O-antigen processing. The detection of O-antigen genes allows the fine differentiation at species and serogroup level without the neccessity of nucleotide sequencing. The O-antigen-processing genes wzm and wzt, which were found to be distinctive for different for different serogroups, have been used as the target genes for the detection and identification of L. pneumophila strains of different O serogroups. In this report, a multiplex PCR assay based on wzm or wzt that diferentiates all the six serogroups by amplicon size was developed with the newly designed specific primer pairs for O1 and O7, and the specific primer pairs for O4, O6, O10, and O13 reported previously. The array was validated by analysis of 34 strains including 15 L. pneumophila O-standard reference strains, eight reference strains of other Legionella non-pneumophila species, six other bacterial species, and five L. pneumophila environmental isolates. The detection sensitivity was one ng genomic DNA. The accurate and sensitive assay is suitable for the identification and detection of strains of these serogroups in environmental and clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China. .,TEDA Institue of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenyang Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,TEDA Institue of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Suwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,TEDA Institue of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyan Zhu
- Basic Medical College, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070, People's Republic of China
| | - Yamin Sun
- Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,TEDA Institue of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology of the Ministry of Education, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China. .,TEDA Institue of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300457, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Research Center for Functional Genomics and Biochips, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Microbial Functional Genomics, TEDA College, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China.
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Abraham S, Trott DJ, Jordan D, Gordon DM, Groves MD, Fairbrother JM, Smith MG, Zhang R, Chapman TA. Phylogenetic and molecular insights into the evolution of multidrug-resistant porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Australia. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2014; 44:105-11. [PMID: 24948578 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the phylogeny and molecular epidemiology of Australian porcine enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) isolates (n=70) by performing multilocus sequence typing (MLST), random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis, virulence gene analysis, plasmid, bacteriocin, integron and antimicrobial resistance gene typing, and antimicrobial susceptibility phenotyping. Isolates of the most commonly observed O serogroup (O149) were highly clonal with a lower frequency of antimicrobial resistance compared with the less common O141 serogroup isolates, which were more genetically diverse and resistant to a greater array of antimicrobials. The O149 and O141 isolates belonged to sequence types (STs) ST100 and ST1260, respectively. A small number of new STs were identified for the least common serogroups, including O157 (ST4245), O138 (ST4244), O139 (ST4246) and O8 (ST4247). A high frequency of plasmid replicons was observed among all ETEC isolates. However, O149 isolates predominantly carried IncFIB, I1, HI1 and FIC, whereas O141 isolates carried a more varied array, including IncI1, FIB, FIC, HI1, I1, Y and, most significantly, A/C. O141 isolates also possessed a greater diversity of bacteriocins, with almost one-half of the isolates carrying colicin E3 (44.4%; 12/27) and E7 (48.1%; 13/27). This study shows that Australian porcine ETEC are distinct from isolates obtained in other parts of the world with respect to the MLST profile and the absence of resistance to critically important antimicrobials, including third-generation cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Abraham
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia; New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - Darren J Trott
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Jordan
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David M Gordon
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - John M Fairbrother
- OIE Reference Laboratory for Escherichia coli (EcL), Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, University of Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, Canada
| | | | - Ren Zhang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Toni A Chapman
- New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle, New South Wales, Australia
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15
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Banerjee R, Das B, Balakrish Nair G, Basak S. Dynamics in genome evolution of Vibrio cholerae. Infect Genet Evol 2014; 23:32-41. [PMID: 24462909 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vibrio cholerae, the etiological agent of the acute secretary diarrheal disease cholera, is still a major public health concern in developing countries. In former centuries cholera was a permanent threat even to the highly developed populations of Europe, North America, and the northern part of Asia. Extensive studies on the cholera bug over more than a century have made significant advances in our understanding of the disease and ways of treating patients. V. cholerae has more than 200 serogroups, but only few serogroups have caused disease on a worldwide scale. Until the present, the evolutionary relationship of these pandemic causing serogroups was not clear. In the last decades, we have witnessed a shift involving genetically and phenotypically varied pandemic clones of V. cholerae in Asia and Africa. The exponential knowledge on the genome of several representatives V. cholerae strains has been used to identify and analyze the key determinants for rapid evolution of cholera pathogen. Recent comparative genomic studies have identified the presence of various integrative mobile genetic elements (IMGEs) in V. cholerae genome, which can be used as a marker of differentiation of all seventh pandemic clones with very similar core genome. This review attempts to bring together some of the important researches in recent times that have contributed towards understanding the genetics, epidemiology and evolution of toxigenic V. cholerae strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana Banerjee
- Department of Bio-Physics, Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Calcutta, 92, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Bhabatosh Das
- Centre for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, 496, Phase III, Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon 122016, Haryana, India
| | - G Balakrish Nair
- Centre for Human Microbial Ecology, Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, 496, Phase III, Udyog Vihar, Gurgaon 122016, Haryana, India
| | - Surajit Basak
- Department of Molecular Biology & Bioinformatics, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799 022, Tripura, India; Bioinformatics Centre, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799 022, Tripura, India.
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Honarmand HR, Eshraghi SS. Detection of Leptospires serogroups, Which Are Common Causes of Human Acute Leptospirosis in Guilan, Northern Iran. Iran J Public Health 2011; 40:107-14. [PMID: 23113063 PMCID: PMC3481722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2010] [Accepted: 02/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is performed to reveal most common species and subspecies of leptospires that are main causes of human leptospirosis in Guilan, Northern Province of Iran. METHODS We performed IgM-ELISA and MAT on 282 blood samples from patients who attended to 3 hospitals in the flat area of Guilan Province with clinical symptoms consisted with leptospirosis. All specimens with titers ≥ 160 against at least one pathogenic strain in MAT and with titers ≥160 in IgM-ELISA were regarded confirmed positive cases indicative acute disease. For any confirmed positive cases, we determined the strains, which had the highest titer to determine the frequency of most common serovars and serogroups. RESULTS Seventy of 282 sera had titers ≥160 against at least one pathogenic strain in MAT and titers ≥ 160 in IgM-ELISA. We determined frequency of common causative serogroups which had highest titers in 70 positive cases and only cases which had high titers in MAT and in IgM-ELISA were selected which is a reliable criterion to detect acute disease and to determine causative serogroup. CONCLUSION Nine serogroups including sejroe, grippotyphosa, mini, ictero haemorrhagiae, celledoni, autumnalis, cynopteri, pomona, and javanica were more responsible of acute leptospirosis in Guilan.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - SS Eshraghi
- Corresponding to author: Tel: + 9821 88973660, Fax: + 9821 88954913, E-mail:
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Tsang RSW, Squires SG, Zollinger WD, Ashton FE. Distribution of serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis and antigenic characterization of serogroup Y meningococci in Canada, January 1, 1999 to June 30, 2001. Can J Infect Dis 2002; 13:391-6. [PMID: 18159416 PMCID: PMC2094894 DOI: 10.1155/2002/891673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2001] [Accepted: 06/24/2002] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The relative frequency of serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis associated with meningococcal disease in Canada during the period January 1, 1999 to June 30, 2001 was examined. Of the 552 strains of N meningitidis collected from clinical specimens of normally sterile sites, 191 (34.6%), 276 (50.0%), 61 (11.1%) and 23 (4.2%) were identified by serological and molecular methods as serogroups B, C, Y and W135, respectively. About half (50.8%) of the serogroup Y isolates were isolated in the province of Ontario. The two most common serotypes found were 2c and 14. Most of the serogroup Y strains isolated from patients in Ontario were serotype 2c, while serotype 14 was the most common serotype associated with disease in the province of Quebec. The two most common serosubtypes found among the serogroup Y meningococci were P1.5 and P1.2,5. Laboratory findings, based on antigenic analysis, did not suggest that these serogroup Y strains arise by capsule switching from serogroups B and C strains. This study documented a higher incidence of finding serogroup Y meningococci in clinical specimens from patients in Ontario compared to the rest of Canada, and parallels the increase in serogroup Y meningococcal disease reported in some parts of the United States.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond SW Tsang
- CNS Infection Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba
| | - Susan G Squires
- Division of Respiratory Diseases, Bureau of Infectious Disease, Population and Public Health Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario
| | - Wendell D Zollinger
- Department of Bacterial Diseases, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Fraser E Ashton
- CNS Infection Division, National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba
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