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Maes SL, Dietrich J, Midolo G, Schwieger S, Kummu M, Vandvik V, Aerts R, Althuizen IHJ, Biasi C, Björk RG, Böhner H, Carbognani M, Chiari G, Christiansen CT, Clemmensen KE, Cooper EJ, Cornelissen JHC, Elberling B, Faubert P, Fetcher N, Forte TGW, Gaudard J, Gavazov K, Guan Z, Guðmundsson J, Gya R, Hallin S, Hansen BB, Haugum SV, He JS, Hicks Pries C, Hovenden MJ, Jalava M, Jónsdóttir IS, Juhanson J, Jung JY, Kaarlejärvi E, Kwon MJ, Lamprecht RE, Le Moullec M, Lee H, Marushchak ME, Michelsen A, Munir TM, Myrsky EM, Nielsen CS, Nyberg M, Olofsson J, Óskarsson H, Parker TC, Pedersen EP, Petit Bon M, Petraglia A, Raundrup K, Ravn NMR, Rinnan R, Rodenhizer H, Ryde I, Schmidt NM, Schuur EAG, Sjögersten S, Stark S, Strack M, Tang J, Tolvanen A, Töpper JP, Väisänen MK, van Logtestijn RSP, Voigt C, Walz J, Weedon JT, Yang Y, Ylänne H, Björkman MP, Sarneel JM, Dorrepaal E. Environmental drivers of increased ecosystem respiration in a warming tundra. Nature 2024; 629:105-113. [PMID: 38632407 PMCID: PMC11062900 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07274-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Arctic and alpine tundra ecosystems are large reservoirs of organic carbon1,2. Climate warming may stimulate ecosystem respiration and release carbon into the atmosphere3,4. The magnitude and persistency of this stimulation and the environmental mechanisms that drive its variation remain uncertain5-7. This hampers the accuracy of global land carbon-climate feedback projections7,8. Here we synthesize 136 datasets from 56 open-top chamber in situ warming experiments located at 28 arctic and alpine tundra sites which have been running for less than 1 year up to 25 years. We show that a mean rise of 1.4 °C [confidence interval (CI) 0.9-2.0 °C] in air and 0.4 °C [CI 0.2-0.7 °C] in soil temperature results in an increase in growing season ecosystem respiration by 30% [CI 22-38%] (n = 136). Our findings indicate that the stimulation of ecosystem respiration was due to increases in both plant-related and microbial respiration (n = 9) and continued for at least 25 years (n = 136). The magnitude of the warming effects on respiration was driven by variation in warming-induced changes in local soil conditions, that is, changes in total nitrogen concentration and pH and by context-dependent spatial variation in these conditions, in particular total nitrogen concentration and the carbon:nitrogen ratio. Tundra sites with stronger nitrogen limitations and sites in which warming had stimulated plant and microbial nutrient turnover seemed particularly sensitive in their respiration response to warming. The results highlight the importance of local soil conditions and warming-induced changes therein for future climatic impacts on respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Maes
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden.
- Forest Ecology and Management Group (FORECOMAN), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - J Dietrich
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - G Midolo
- Department of Spatial Sciences, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Praha-Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - S Schwieger
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Kummu
- Water and development research group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - V Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - R Aerts
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - I H J Althuizen
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- NORCE Climate and Environment, Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bergen, Norway
| | - C Biasi
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ecology, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - R G Björk
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - H Böhner
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Fisheries and Economics, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - M Carbognani
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - G Chiari
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - C T Christiansen
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K E Clemmensen
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - E J Cooper
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT-the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - J H C Cornelissen
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Elberling
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P Faubert
- Carbone Boréal, Département des Sciences Fondamentales, Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Chicoutimi, Quebec, Canada
| | - N Fetcher
- Institute for Environmental Science and Sustainability, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, PA, USA
| | - T G W Forte
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - J Gaudard
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - K Gavazov
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Z Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - J Guðmundsson
- Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - R Gya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - B B Hansen
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Trondheim, Norway
- Gjærevoll Centre for Biodiversity Foresight Analyses & Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - S V Haugum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- The Heathland Centre, Alver, Norway
| | - J-S He
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - C Hicks Pries
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - M J Hovenden
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
- Australian Mountain Research Facility, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - M Jalava
- Water and development research group, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - I S Jónsdóttir
- Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - J Juhanson
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Y Jung
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, South Korea
| | - E Kaarlejärvi
- Research Centre for Ecological Change, Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M J Kwon
- Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, Korea
- Institute of Soil Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - R E Lamprecht
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Le Moullec
- Gjærevoll Centre for Biodiversity Foresight Analyses & Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - H Lee
- NORCE, Norwegian Research Centre AS, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - M E Marushchak
- University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Kuopio, Finland
| | - A Michelsen
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T M Munir
- Department of Geography, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - E M Myrsky
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
- Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - C S Nielsen
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- SEGES Innovation P/S, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M Nyberg
- Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - J Olofsson
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - H Óskarsson
- Agricultural University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - T C Parker
- Ecological Sciences, The James Hutton Institute, Aberdeen, UK
| | - E P Pedersen
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Petit Bon
- Department of Wildland Resources, Quinney College of Natural Resources and Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
- Department of Arctic Biology, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
| | - A Petraglia
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - K Raundrup
- Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland
| | - N M R Ravn
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Rinnan
- Center for Volatile Interactions, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Rodenhizer
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - I Ryde
- Terrestrial Ecology Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N M Schmidt
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Roskilde, Denmark
- Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - E A G Schuur
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - S Sjögersten
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - S Stark
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - M Strack
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Tang
- The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - A Tolvanen
- Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J P Töpper
- Norwegian Institute for Nature Research, Bergen, Norway
| | - M K Väisänen
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - R S P van Logtestijn
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Voigt
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Soil Science, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Walz
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
| | - J T Weedon
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Y Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - H Ylänne
- School of Forest Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - M P Björkman
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - J M Sarneel
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - E Dorrepaal
- Climate Impacts Research Centre, Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, Abisko, Sweden
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Newall P, Allami Y, Andrade M, Ayton P, Baker-Frampton R, Bennett D, Browne M, Bunn C, Bush-Evans R, Chen S, Collard S, De Jans S, Derevensky J, Dowling NA, Dymond S, Froude A, Goyder E, Heirene RM, Hing N, Hudders L, Hunt K, James RJE, Li E, Ludvig EA, Marionneau V, McGrane E, Merkouris SS, Orford J, Parrado-González A, Pryce R, Rockloff M, Romild U, Rossi R, Russell AMT, Singmann H, Quosai TS, Stark S, Suomi A, Swanton TB, Talberg N, Thoma V, Torrance J, Tulloch C, van Holst RJ, Walasek L, Wardle H, West J, Wheaton J, Xiao LY, Young MM, Bellringer ME, Sharman S, Roberts A. 'No evidence of harm' implies no evidence of safety: Framing the lack of causal evidence in gambling advertising research. Addiction 2024; 119:391-396. [PMID: 37953345 DOI: 10.1111/add.16369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Philip Newall
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Youssef Allami
- Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Maira Andrade
- School of Psychological Science, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Peter Ayton
- Centre for Decision Research, University of Leeds, Leeds University Business School, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Daniel Bennett
- School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Matthew Browne
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
| | - Christopher Bunn
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Sonia Chen
- Ministry of Health New Zealand, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sharon Collard
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Steffi De Jans
- Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jeffrey Derevensky
- Educational and Counselling Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Nicki A Dowling
- School of Psychology, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simon Dymond
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- Department of Psychology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | | | - Elizabeth Goyder
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Nerilee Hing
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
| | - Liselot Hudders
- Department of Communication Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kate Hunt
- Institute for Social Marketing and Health, University of Stirling, Stirling, Scotland, UK
| | | | - En Li
- School of Business and Law, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, QLD, Australia
| | - Elliot A Ludvig
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Virve Marionneau
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ellen McGrane
- Sheffield Centre for Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Jim Orford
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alberto Parrado-González
- Department of Social, Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain
| | - Robert Pryce
- School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Matthew Rockloff
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
| | - Ulla Romild
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Alex M T Russell
- Experimental Gambling Research Laboratory, School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Aino Suomi
- Centre for Gambling Research, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia
| | - Thomas B Swanton
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - Niri Talberg
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Volker Thoma
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Jamie Torrance
- School of Psychology, Swansea University, Swansea, UK
- School of Psychology, University of Chester, Chester, UK
| | - Catherine Tulloch
- School of Health, Medical and Applied Sciences, Central Queensland University, Bundaberg, QLD, Australia
| | - Ruth J van Holst
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC - University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lukasz Walasek
- Department of Psychology, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Heather Wardle
- School of Social and Political Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jane West
- Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Bradford, UK
| | - Jamie Wheaton
- School of Geographical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Leon Y Xiao
- Center for Digital Play, IT University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
- Department of Computer Science, University of York, York, UK
- Transatlantic Technology Law Forum, Stanford Law School, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- The Honourable Society of Lincoln's Inn, Lincoln's Inn, London, UK
| | - Matthew M Young
- Greo Evidence Insights, Guelph, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maria E Bellringer
- Gambling and Addictions Research Centre, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Steve Sharman
- National Addiction Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Amanda Roberts
- School of Psychology, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
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Spinner J, D'Souza N, Duganiero T, Stark S, Lorts A, Almond C, Simpson K, Wright L, Nandi D, Wilkens S, Bansal N, Conway J, Broda K, Lal A, Lytrivi I, Hunter T, Gralia N, Parent J, Butts R. A Pediatric Heart Failure Registry is Needed: A Time for ACTION. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Price A, Tabri N, Stark S, Balodis IM, Wohl MJA. Mental Health Over Time and Financial Concerns Predict Change in Online Gambling During COVID-19. Int J Ment Health Addict 2022; 21:1-15. [PMID: 35079239 PMCID: PMC8772534 DOI: 10.1007/s11469-021-00750-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined online gambling behavior during COVID-19 land-based gambling restrictions and associations with changes in mental health, impacts on household income due to the pandemic, financially focused motivations, and symptoms of gambling problems. A repeated online survey was administered to adult gamblers in Ontario, Canada. Wave 1 was conducted at the beginning of the first COVID-19 lockdown (April 2020) and wave 2 in August 2020. Respondents (N = 940) completed validated self-report questionnaires related to depression and anxiety, financial motivation, financial impacts due to the pandemic, online gambling behaviors, and problem gambling symptomatology. A cluster analysis identified three subgroups: no online gambling (subgroup 1), engagement in a range of gambling games online and change in gambling involvement (i.e., some increased and some decreased gambling; subgroup 2), and predominantly online lottery play with no change in online gambling (subgroup 3). Respondents who reported increased anxiety and depression symptom severity between the two waves and those who experienced greater symptoms of problem gambling and negative impacts on household income due to COVID-19 were most likely to be found in subgroup 2. Greater financial focus was also noted in this group. Results indicate a link between change in online gambling involvement during COVID-19 and increased mental health problems, elevated problem gambling severity, negative impacts on household income, and a greater financially focused self-concept. These results may help generate novel research questions examining short and long-term effects of the pandemic on online behaviors that inform policy and practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Price
- Centre for the Advancement of Best Practices, The Responsible Gambling Council, 411 Richmond Street East Unit 205, Toronto, ON Canada
- Ontario Gambling Research Society, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Nassim Tabri
- Ontario Gambling Research Society, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
| | - Sasha Stark
- Centre for the Advancement of Best Practices, The Responsible Gambling Council, 411 Richmond Street East Unit 205, Toronto, ON Canada
- Ontario Gambling Research Society, Toronto, ON Canada
| | - Iris M. Balodis
- Ontario Gambling Research Society, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON Canada
| | - Michael J. A. Wohl
- Ontario Gambling Research Society, Toronto, ON Canada
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, ON Canada
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Stark S, Reynolds J, Wiebe J. Gambling and Gaming in an Ontario Sample of Youth and Parents. JGI 2020. [DOI: 10.4309/jgi.2021.46.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Despite the convergence of the gambling and gaming worlds, the majority of studies of gambling behaviour are void of gaming behaviour and vice versa. Further, many studies examine specific age ranges rather than covering the entire span of adolescence and young adulthood. The current study improves our knowledge of gambling and gaming behaviours, as well as their convergence, by examining young people aged 8 to 24 and parents of children 8 to 17 years in Ontario. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were performed on a survey of 2,651 Ontarians (678 adolescents, 973 young adults, and 1,000 parents who reported on themselves and their child). Young people and parents are engaging in games that combine gambling and gaming at substantial rates and frequencies, and playing these games is associated with a higher level of risk. In this sample, playing video games for money and social casino games were associated with a higher level of gambling problems among adolescents (p < .001, p =.001), young adults (p < .001, p < .001), and parents (p < .001, p < .001). Further, parent reports of their own and their child’s gambling (p < .001), social casino play (p < .001), and gambling concerns were linked (p < .001). In summary, we found that playing games that combine gambling and gaming was associated with increased risk across youth age groups. Parents who reported gambling, social casino play, and gambling concerns also tended to report these behaviours among and concerns for their children.Résumé Malgré la convergence entre les univers des jeux de hasard et des jeux vidéo, la majorité des études sur le comportement des joueurs excluent l’une ou l’autre activité. De plus, elles se limitent à une tranche d’âge précise plutôt que de couvrir la période entière de l’adolescence et de la jeune vie adulte. Notre enquête ajoute aux connaissances sur les habitudes en matière de jeux de hasard et de jeux vidéo et la convergence entre ces activités. Elle a été menée en Ontario auprès de jeunes âgés de huit à 24 ans et de parents d’enfants âgés de huit à 17 ans. 2651 Ontariens (678 adolescents, 973 jeunes adultes et 1000 parents répondant en leur propre nom et en celui de leur enfant) ont répondu à un questionnaire dont les résultats ont fait l’objet d’une analyse descriptive et bivariée. Un grand nombre de jeunes et de parents combinent fréquemment jeux de hasard et jeux vidéo, une activité liée à un niveau de risque élevé. Dans notre échantillon, la pratique des jeux vidéo pour de l’argent et des jeux de casino est associée à un risque élevé de problèmes de jeu chez l’adolescent (p < .001, p =.001), le jeune adulte (p < .001, p < .001) et les parents (p < .001, p < .001). De plus, un lien a été établi entre les habitudes de jeu déclarées par les parents à propos d’eux-mêmes et de leurs enfants (p < .001), les jeux de casino (p < .001) et les problèmes de jeu (p < .001). La pratique combinée des jeux de hasard et des jeux vidéo est associée à une augmentation du risque dans tous les groupes d’âge. Ainsi, les comportements et les problèmes de jeu observés chez les parents tendent à se refléter chez leurs enfants.
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Schechter C, Aktas B, Stark S. Ein interessanter Fall – Uterus didelphys. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1692100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - B Aktas
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Leipzig
| | - S Stark
- Universitätsfrauenklinik Leipzig
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Kreklau A, Stark S, Aktas B, Briest S. CUP-Syndrom nach risikoreduzierender Mastektomie mit Implantatrekonstruktion – was geschieht mit der Brust? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2019. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0039-1692090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Kreklau
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - S Stark
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - B Aktas
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
| | - S Briest
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Frauenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Leipzig, Leipzig
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Dashner J, Espin Tello S, Stark S. EXAMINING COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION DIFFERENCES OF OLDER AND YOUNGER INDIVIDUALS WITH DISABILITIES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Dashner
- Washington University School of Medicine Program in Occupational Therapy
| | - S Espin Tello
- Program in Occupational Therapy - Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis
| | - S Stark
- Washington University in St. Louis
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Stark S, Keglovits M, Somerville E, Hu Y. HOME HAZARD REMOVAL TO REDUCE THE RATE OF FALLS AMONG COMMUNITY DWELLING OLDER ADULTS: A RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy031.3484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Stark
- Washington University in St. Louis
| | | | | | - Y Hu
- Washington University in St. Louis
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Eccles B, Harle A, Pullinger S, Holling C, Ingram A, Stark S, Bunce M, Melville G, Gibbins J, Calcutt N, Hickish T, Flubacher M, Marinaki T. Prospective DPYD testing in colorectal cancer patients in a realworld UK population. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy281.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Frosina P, Logue M, Book A, Huizinga T, Amos S, Stark S. The effect of cognitive load on nonverbal behavior in the cognitive interview for suspects. Personality and Individual Differences 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Hadnott T, Stark S, Medica A, Whitcomb B, Su I. Contraceptive choice among young cancer survivors: what do patients value? Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hadnott T, Medica A, Stark S, Whitcomb B, Su I. Perception of fertility potential is associated with contraceptive behavior in female young adult cancer survivors. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Parent problem gambling (PG) has pervasive adverse effects on children. These children experience considerable losses such as loss of trust, loss of safety and stability, as well as financial and emotional losses. They are at greater risk for maltreatment and mental health disorders, and they are also at risk for intergenerational transmission of PG. These children are two to four times more likely to develop PG than children of non-PG parents. To date, there has been a dearth of research examining the impact of parent PG on children, and even less research focusing on reducing risks in children of PG parents. The goal of this systematic review was to identify PG prevention programs for children and examine the types of prevention used and whether these programs target specific subgroups. Our search retained 16 studies examining PG prevention programs for children. Results indicated that all of the PG prevention programs in the selected studies are universal and do not target children of PG parents or any other specific subgroups. A large gap is the absence of secondary and tertiary PG prevention programs for children. Another gap is the lack of family focused prevention strategies which the substance use literature has shown to be the most effective form of prevention. Further research is needed on parent PG and ways of reducing risks and increasing protective factors in children and families. A public health framework must be adopted to delay onset, reduce risks and minimize consequences in children of PG parents.
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Wildes TS, Winter AC, Maybrier HR, Mickle AM, Lenze EJ, Stark S, Lin N, Inouye SK, Schmitt EM, McKinnon SL, Muench MR, Murphy MR, Upadhyayula RT, Fritz BA, Escallier KE, Apakama GP, Emmert DA, Graetz TJ, Stevens TW, Palanca BJ, Hueneke RL, Melby S, Torres B, Leung J, Jacobsohn E, Avidan MS. Protocol for the Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) study: a pragmatic, randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open 2016; 6:e011505. [PMID: 27311914 PMCID: PMC4916634 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Postoperative delirium, arbitrarily defined as occurring within 5 days of surgery, affects up to 50% of patients older than 60 after a major operation. This geriatric syndrome is associated with longer intensive care unit and hospital stay, readmission, persistent cognitive deterioration and mortality. No effective preventive methods have been identified, but preliminary evidence suggests that EEG monitoring during general anaesthesia, by facilitating reduced anaesthetic exposure and EEG suppression, might decrease incident postoperative delirium. This study hypothesises that EEG-guidance of anaesthetic administration prevents postoperative delirium and downstream sequelae, including falls and decreased quality of life. METHODS AND ANALYSIS This is a 1232 patient, block-randomised, double-blinded, comparative effectiveness trial. Patients older than 60, undergoing volatile agent-based general anaesthesia for major surgery, are eligible. Patients are randomised to 1 of 2 anaesthetic approaches. One group receives general anaesthesia with clinicians blinded to EEG monitoring. The other group receives EEG-guidance of anaesthetic agent administration. The outcomes of postoperative delirium (≤5 days), falls at 1 and 12 months and health-related quality of life at 1 and 12 months will be compared between groups. Postoperative delirium is assessed with the confusion assessment method, falls with ProFaNE consensus questions and quality of life with the Veteran's RAND 12-item Health Survey. The intention-to-treat principle will be followed for all analyses. Differences between groups will be presented with 95% CIs and will be considered statistically significant at a two-sided p<0.05. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Electroencephalography Guidance of Anesthesia to Alleviate Geriatric Syndromes (ENGAGES) is approved by the ethics board at Washington University. Recruitment began in January 2015. Dissemination plans include presentations at scientific conferences, scientific publications, internet-based educational materials and mass media. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT02241655; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Wildes
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - A C Winter
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - H R Maybrier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - A M Mickle
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - E J Lenze
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - S Stark
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Washington University Institute for Public Health, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
- Department of Neurology, Washington University Institute for Public Health, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - N Lin
- Department of Mathematics, Biostatistics Division, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - S K Inouye
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E M Schmitt
- Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - S L McKinnon
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - M R Muench
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - M R Murphy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - R T Upadhyayula
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - B A Fritz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - K E Escallier
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - G P Apakama
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - D A Emmert
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - T J Graetz
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - T W Stevens
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - B J Palanca
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - R L Hueneke
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - S Melby
- Department of Surgery, Cardiothoracic Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - B Torres
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - J Leung
- Department of Anesthesia & Perioperative Care, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - E Jacobsohn
- Department of Anesthesia, University of Manitoba/Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Anesthesia Program, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - M S Avidan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Fox J, Stark S, Golden C, Amen D, Willeumier K, Taylor D. A-10SPECT Deficits in Adults with Amphetamine Abuse. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acv047.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Müller N, Henning CHCA, Zarnekow N, Hedtrich J, Stark S, Türk K, Laudes M. Identification of direct and indirect social network effects in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in obese human subjects. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1556578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Stark S, Väisänen M, Ylänne H, Julkunen-Tiitto R, Martz F. Decreased phenolic defence in dwarf birch (Betula nana) after warming in subarctic tundra. Polar Biol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-015-1758-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Henning C, Zarnekow N, Hedtrich J, Stark S, Türk K, Laudes M. Identification of direct and indirect social network effects in the pathophysiology of insulin resistance in obese human subjects. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1547690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Hoogland H, Wittek S, Hänsel W, Stark S, Holzwarth R. Fiber chirped pulse amplifier at 2.08 μm emitting 383-fs pulses at 10 nJ and 7 MHz. Opt Lett 2014; 39:6735-6738. [PMID: 25490665 DOI: 10.1364/ol.39.006735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
An all-polarization maintaining (PM) fiber chirped pulse amplifier system at 2.08 μm based on thulium:holmium codoped gain fibers is reported. An inhouse built oscillator emits pulses at a repetition rate of 7 MHz with a spectral full width at half-maximum (FWHM) bandwidth of 23.5 nm at 2.8 mW average output power. The pulses are temporally stretched and subsequently amplified in a double-stage amplifier setup. The stretched pulses are compressed to 383 fs by use of a Martinez-style setup at an output pulse energy of 10.2 nJ. By neglecting temporal stretching, high peak powers in a single amplifier stage led to Raman soliton formation at 2.3 μm.
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Maggiore M, Cavenago M, Comunian M, Chirulotto F, Galatà A, De Lazzari M, Porcellato AM, Roncolato C, Stark S, Caruso A, Longhitano A, Cavaliere F, Maero G, Paroli B, Pozzoli R, Romé M. Plasma-beam traps and radiofrequency quadrupole beam coolers. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:02B909. [PMID: 24593614 DOI: 10.1063/1.4830357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Two linear trap devices for particle beam manipulation (including emittance reduction, cooling, control of instabilities, dust dynamics, and non-neutral plasmas) are here presented, namely, a radiofrequency quadrupole (RFQ) beam cooler and a compact Penning trap with a dust injector. Both beam dynamics studies by means of dedicated codes including the interaction of the ions with a buffer gas (up to 3 Pa pressure), and the electromagnetic design of the RFQ beam cooler are reported. The compact multipurpose Penning trap is aimed to the study of multispecies charged particle samples, primarily electron beams interacting with a background gas and/or a micrometric dust contaminant. Using a 0.9 T solenoid and an electrode stack where both static and RF electric fields can be applied, both beam transport and confinement operations will be available. The design of the apparatus is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maggiore
- INFN-LNL, viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Cavenago
- INFN-LNL, viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - M Comunian
- INFN-LNL, viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - F Chirulotto
- INFN-LNL, viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Galatà
- INFN-LNL, viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - M De Lazzari
- INFN-LNL, viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | | | - C Roncolato
- INFN-LNL, viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - S Stark
- INFN-LNL, viale dell'Università 2, 35020 Legnaro, Italy
| | - A Caruso
- INFN-LNS, via S. Sofia 54, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | | | - F Cavaliere
- INFN Sezione di Milano and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - G Maero
- INFN Sezione di Milano and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - B Paroli
- INFN Sezione di Milano and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - R Pozzoli
- INFN Sezione di Milano and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - M Romé
- INFN Sezione di Milano and Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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Johann PD, Sturm D, Milde T, Bender S, Stark S, Seker-Cin H, Truffaux N, Grill J, Witt O, Kulozik AE, Lichter P, Lewis J, Pfister S. Targeting H3.3 mutated pediatric high grade gliomas – A high throughput screening approach to identify novel therapeutic agents. Klin Padiatr 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1353460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Stark S, Sturm D, Johann PD, Gronych J, Schüller U, Wechsler-Reya RJ, Chesler L, Roussel MF, Zhu Y, Witt O, Hoffmann GF, Lichter P, Pfister S. Molecular Characterization of Medulloblastoma Mouse Models -On the Avenue to More Elaborate Preclinical Testing Strategies. Klin Padiatr 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1353454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Frank D, Stark S, Lutz M, Weissbrodt A, Freitag-Wolf S, Petzina R, Rosenberg M, Lutter F, Frey N. Preprocedural high-sensitive Troponin strongly predicts survival after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI). Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p5414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Petzina R, Frank D, Bierbach B, Ernst M, Weißbrodt A, Stark S, Frey N, Lutter G, Cremer J. Cumulative complication rate in 111 consecutive patients treated by TAVI. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2013. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1332528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Abstract
Background and aims Though women make up roughly one third of all problem gamblers, research has typically focused on male problem gamblers. Recent research has started to shift its attention toward the importance of gender. However, studies rarely attempt to understand gender differences in problem gambling or subject these differences to thorough multivariate analyses. To address some of the gaps in our knowledge of gender differences, we examine whether patterns of gambling behavior and psychological factors mediate the relationship between gender and problem gambling. Methods We use logistic multiple regression to analyze two large Canadian datasets - the 2005 Ontario Prevalence Survey and the 2007 Canadian Community Health Survey. Results Variables found to mediate the relationship between gender and problem gambling are the type(s) of game(s) played (in the 2005 Ontario Prevalence Survey) and the number of games played (in the 2007 Canadian Community Health Survey). Conclusions Men are more likely to be problem gamblers than women, and this gender difference is understandable in terms of differences in patterns of gambling behavior. We conclude that men experience problems because they play riskier games and women experience problems because they prefer chance-based games, which are associated with significantly higher odds of problem gambling. We specify the three main ways that women's reasons for gambling - to escape or for empowerment - translate into chance-based games.
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Agnes H, Kalman P, Jozsef A, Henrik B, Mucsi I, Kamata K, Sano T, Naito S, Okamoto T, Okina C, Kamata M, Murano J, Kobayashi K, Uchida M, Aoyama T, Takeuchi Y, Nagaba Y, Sakamoto H, Torino C, Torino C, Panuccio V, Clementi A, Garozzo M, Bonanno G, Boito R, Natale G, Cicchetti T, Chippari A, Logozzo D, Alati G, Cassani S, Sellaro A, D'arrigo G, Tripepi G, Roberta A, Postorino M, Mallamaci F, Zoccali C, Buonanno E, Brancaccio S, Fimiani V, Napolitano P, Spadola R, Morrone L, DI Iorio B, Russo D, Betriu A, Martinez-Alonso M, Vidal T, Valdivielso J, Fernandez E, Bernadette F, Jean-Baptiste B, Frimat L, Madala ND, Thusi GP, Sibisi N, Mazibuko BG, Assounga AGH, Tsai NC, Wang HH, Chen YC, Hung CC, Hwang SJ, Chen HC, Branco P, Adragao T, Birne R, Martins AR, Vizinho R, Gaspar A, Grilo MJ, Barata JD, Bonhorst D, Adragao P, Kim JS, Yang JW, Kim MK, Choi SO, Han BG, Nathalie N, Sunny E, Glorieux G, Daniela B, Fellype B, Sophie L, Horst D L, Ziad M, Raymond V, Yanai M, Okada K, Takeuchi K, Nitta K, Takahashi S, Morena M, Jaussent I, Halkovich A, Dupuy AM, Bargnoux AS, Chenine L, Leray-Moragues H, Klouche K, Vernhet H, Canaud B, Cristol JP, Shutov A, Serov V, Kuznetsova J, Menzorov M, Serova D, Petrescu L, Zugravu A, Capusa C, Stancu S, Cinca S, Anghel C, Timofte D, Medrihan L, Ionescu D, Mircescu G, Hsu TW, Kuo KL, Hung SC, Tarng DC, Lee S, Kim I, Lee D, Rhee H, Song S, Seong E, Kwak I, Holzmann M, Gardell C, Jeppsson A, Sartipy U, Solak Y, Yilmaz MI, Caglar K, Saglam M, Yaman H, Sonmez A, Unal HU, Gok M, Gaipov A, Kayrak M, Eyileten T, Turk S, Vural A, DI Lullo L, Floccari F, Rivera R, Granata A, D'amelio A, Logias F, Otranto G, Malaguti M, Santoboni A, Fiorini F, Connor T, Oygar D, Nitsch D, Gale D, Steenkamp R, Neild GH, Maxwell P, Louise Hogsbro I, Redal-Baigorri B, Sautenet B, Halimi JM, Caille A, Goupille P, Giraudeau B, Solak Y, Yilmaz MI, Caglar K, Saglam M, Yaman H, Unal HU, Gok M, Oguz Y, Gaipov A, Yenicesu M, Cetinkaya H, Eyileten T, Turk S, Vural A, Chen YC, Wang HH, Tsai NC, Hung CC, Hwang SJ, Chen HC, Ishimoto Y, Ohki T, Sugahara M, Kanemitsu T, Kobayashi M, Uchida L, Kotera N, Tanaka S, Sugimoto T, Mise N, Miyazaki N, Matsumoto J, Murata I, Yoshida G, Morishita K, Ushikoshi H, Nishigaki K, Ogura S, Minatoguchi S, Harvey R, Harvey R, Ala A, Banerjee D, Farmer C, Irving J, Hobbs H, Wheeler T, Klebe B, Stevens P, Selim G, Selim G, Stojceva-Taneva O, Tozija L, Stojcev N, Gelev S, Dzekova-Vidimliski P, Pavleska S, Sikole A, Qureshi AR, Evans M, Stendahl M, Prutz KG, Elinder CG, Tamagaki K, Kado H, Nakata M, Kitani T, Ota N, Ishida R, Matsuoka E, Shiotsu Y, Ishida M, Mori Y, Christelle M, Rognant N, Evelyne D, Sophie F, Laurent J, Maurice L, Silverwood R, Pierce M, Kuh D, Savage C, Ferro C, Nitsch D, Moniek DG, De Goeij M, Nynke H, Gurbey O, Joris R, Friedo D, Clayton P, Grace B, Cass A, Mcdonald S, Lorenzo V, Martin Conde M, Betriu A, Dusso A, Valdivielso JM, Fernandez E, Roggeri DP, Cannella G, Cozzolino M, Mazzaferro S, Messa P, Brancaccio D, De Souza Faria R, Fernandes N, Lovisi J, Moura Marta M, Reboredo M, Do Vale Pinheiro B, Bastos M, Hundt F, Hundt F, Pabst S, Hammerstingl C, Gerhardt T, Skowasch D, Woitas R, Lopes AA, Silva LF, Matos CM, Martins MS, Silva FA, Lopes GB, Pizzarelli F, Dattolo P, Tripepi G, Michelassi S, Rossi C, Bandinelli S, Mieth M, Mass R, Ferrucci L, Zoccali C, Parisi S, Arduino S, Attini R, Fassio F, Biolcati M, Pagano A, Bossotti C, Ferraresi M, Gaglioti P, Todros T, Piccoli GB, Salgado TM, Arguello B, Benrimoj SI, Fernandez-Llimos F, Bailey P, Tomson C, Ben-Shlomo Y, Santoro A, Rucci P, Mandreoli M, Caruso F, Corradini M, Flachi M, Gibertoni D, Rigotti A, Russo G, Fantini M, Mahapatra HS, Choudhury S, Buxi G, Sharma N, Gupta Y, Sekhar V, Mahapatra HS, Choudhury S, Buxi G, Sharma N, Gupta Y, Sekhar V, Yanagisawa N, Ando M, Ajisawa A, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Janusz O, Mikolaj M, Jacek M, Boleslaw R, Prakash S, Coffin R, Schold J, Einstadter D, Stark S, Rodgers D, Howard M, Sehgal A, Stevens P, Irving J, Wheeler T, Klebe B, Farmer C, Palmer S, Tong A, Manns B, Craig J, Ruospo M, Gargano L, Strippoli G, Ruospo M, Palmer S, Vecchio M, Gargano L, Petruzzi M, De Benedictis M, Pellegrini F, Strippoli G, Ohno Y, Ishimura E, Naganuma T, Kondo K, Fukushima W, Mui K, Inaba M, Hirota Y, Sun X, Sun X, Jiang S, Gu H, Chen Y, XI C, Qiao X, Chen X, Daher E, Junior GS, Jacinto CN, Pimentel RS, Aguiar GBR, Lima CB, Borges RC, Mota LPC, Melo JVL, Melo SA, Canamary VT, Alves M, Araujo SMHA, Chen YC, Hung CC, Huang YK, Tsai NC, Wang HH, Hung CC, Hwang SJ, Chen HC, Rogacev K, Cremers B, Zawada A, Seiler S, Binder N, Ege P, Grosse-Dunker G, Heisel I, Hornof F, Jeken J, Rebling N, Ulrich C, Scheller B, Bohm M, Fliser D, Heine GH, Robinson B, Wang M, Bieber B, Fluck R, Kerr PG, Wikstrom B, Krishnan M, Nissenson A, Pisoni RL, Mykleset S, Osthus TB, Waldum B, Os I, Buttigieg J, Buttigieg J, Cassar A, Farrugia Agius J, Redal-Baigorri B, Hara M, Ando M, Tsuchiya K, Nitta K, Yamato M, Yasuda K, Sasaki K. Clinical Nephrology - Epidemiology II. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfs236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Carpenter C, Hollingsworth H, Skebba T, Twaalfhoven E, Stark S. 75 What Factors Prolong the Emergency Department Length of Stay Amongst Geriatric Adults? Ann Emerg Med 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2011.06.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Carpenter C, Rothenberger M, Stark S. 270: Grip Strength Testing to Identify a Frail Subset of Geriatric Adults In the Emergency Department. Ann Emerg Med 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2010.06.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hoeger PH, Stark S, Jost G. Efficacy and safety of two different antifungal pastes in infants with diaper dermatitis: a randomized, controlled study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2010; 24:1094-8. [PMID: 20553355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03735.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diaper dermatitis (DD) is the most common type of irritative dermatitis in infancy. It is frequently complicated by Candida superinfection. OBJECTIVE Comparison of efficacy and safety of two antifungal pastes (Imazol = 1% clotrimazole; Multilind = 100,000 IU nystatin/g + 20% zinc oxide) in infants with DD. METHODS A total of 96 infants were included in this multi-centre, controlled, randomized, evaluator-blinded phase IV trial and treated with pastes containing either clotrimazole (n = 45) or nystatin (n = 46) twice daily for 14 days. In all, 91 children (age 12.1 +/- 5.3 months; 48 females) with DD were evaluable. Total symptom score after 7 days (TSS7) was assessed as primary parameter. Secondary efficacy parameters were TSS at 14 days (TSS14), clinical and microbiological cure rates and global assessment (GA) of clinical response. RESULTS TSS improved markedly with both pastes. Decreases in symptom score were 4.5 +/- 2.1 (day 7) and 6.1 +/- 1.9 (day 14) with clotrimazole compared with 4.2 +/- 2.3 and 5.4 +/- 2.4 with nystatin (P < 0.0001). With respect to TSS14, clotrimazole was superior to nystatin (P = 0.0434). Clinical cure rate was higher with clotrimazole [36.2% (day 7) and 68.1% (day 14)] compared with 28.6% and 46.9% (nystatin). GA was very good in 26 (55.3%) clotrimazole-treated children (nystatin: 16 [32.7%], P = 0.0257). Frequency of adverse events was comparable in both treatment groups. CONCLUSION Clotrimazole was superior to nystatin with respect to reduction in symptom score and GA. Microbiological cure rate was 100% for both agents. Both treatments were safe and well-tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Hoeger
- Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Catholic Children's Hospital Wilhelmstift, Hamburg, Germany.
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Wolter H, Stark S. [Complementary system of health care in cooperation with migrant communities--requirements for successful integration in health care]. Gesundheitswesen 2009; 71:358-62. [PMID: 19288423 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1119401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
National and ethnic diversities among and within groups of migrants present great challenges to health care, not only in Germany. Access to regular health care, in particular for relatively small migrant groups and new immigrants is sometimes difficult. In addition, specific cultural aspects and legal implications--such as the residence status--must be taken into account when setting up a complementary system of health care. Methods and arrangements should make use of already existing resources of the health care system as well as proceed to direct cooperation with migrant communities. The public health service with its wide range of technical and organisational efficiency can play a key role here, especially in the municipal sector, both for an effective medical care for those who have difficulties in gaining access to the system, as well as for developing municipal networks, cooperating with a maximum number of medical service providers, organisations, and regarding specific migrant lifestyles. Social and ethic aspects of medical care for people living in precarious conditions ought to be supplemented by practice models which render a flexible and economic organisation of a complementary system of health care, the only way to a sustainable medical care for small migrant groups or not optimally integrated immigrant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Wolter
- Stadtgesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main, Braubachstrasse 18-22, Frankfurt am Main.
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Kiechle M, Engel C, Schwarz-Boeger U, Grund D, Preisler-Adams S, Crohns C, Stark S, Gadzicki D, Strunz K, Schoenbuchner I, Nestle-Kräemeling C, Kast K, Ditsch N, Schlehe B, Schmutzler R. Impact of BRCA mutation status on the clinical phenotype and survival of hereditary breast cancer. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-3091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #3091
Background : In a multidisciplinary program supported by the German Cancer Aid in 1996-2006 a total of 3.408 women with a family history for breast and/or ovarian cancer were genetically counselled and tested for BRCA-1 and BRCA-2 mutations.
 Methods: The mutations were detected using DHPLC and direct sequencing. The family history of breast and/or ovarian cancer was proven by collecting medical reports of family members. The statistical analysis was done using standard procedures (Kaplan-Meier-analysis, t-test, chi-square-test).
 Results: Among the women with breast cancer 566 showed a deleterious BRCA1 and 313 a BRCA2 mutation. Four women were found to have mutations in both genes and 2.525 were BRCA-1/2 negative. In accordance with the literature we found the phenotype “hormone receptor negative and grade 3” as well as the medullary subtype significantly more often in BRCA1 associated breast cancers (74% vs. 24%, 63% vs. 42% and 10% vs. 5%). The median age of onset was significantly lower in BRCA1 mutation carriers (38 yrs) compared to BRCA2 mutation carriers (45 yrs) and women tested negative for BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations (46 yrs) as well as sporadic breast cancer cases within these families (52 yrs). The median age of the 4 women with mutations in both genes was even lower (median age 33.5 yrs). Although BRCA2 associated breast carcinomas presented in more advanced stages (N+ in 44%[118/257] compared to BRCA-1 positive in 31%[166/519], p<0.01) there was no difference in overall survival between BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutation carriers. However, BRCA1 and BRCA2 negative cases showed a significantly better survival rate compared to the women with mutations (p<0.0001). Women from families with early onset breast cancer (<35 yrs) or bilateral breast cancer (<40 yrs) had a significantly better survival (p<0.0001) than women from families with a later age of onset.
 Conclusions: The BRCA mutation status has a significant impact on the clinical phenotype of hereditary breast cancer which is important for the clinical management, counselling and prevention.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3091.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kiechle
- 1 Frauenklinik, Klinikum r.d.Isar der TU München, München, Germany
| | - C Engel
- 2 IMSE, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - U Schwarz-Boeger
- 1 Frauenklinik, Klinikum r.d.Isar der TU München, München, Germany
| | - D Grund
- 3 Frauenklinik, Charite, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Preisler-Adams
- 4 Inst. f. Humangenetik, Universität Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - C Crohns
- 5 Klinik f. Gynäkologie u.Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein (UK-SH), Kiel, Germany
| | - S Stark
- 6 Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum, Leipzig, Germany
| | - D Gadzicki
- 7 Abt.f.Zell – und Molekularpathologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - K Strunz
- 8 Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum, Ulm, Germany
| | - I Schoenbuchner
- 9 Inst. f. Humangenetik, Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - K Kast
- 11 Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum, Dresden, Germany
| | - N Ditsch
- 12 Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum LMU München, München, Germany
| | - B Schlehe
- 13 Frauenklinik, Universitätsklinikum, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R Schmutzler
- 14 Frauenklinik, Universitäsklinik, Köln, Germany
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Stark S. Gesundheitshilfen für und mit Migranten. Gesundheitswesen 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kirschenbauer HJ, Stark S, Bergner GR. Wie aus Produkten Kennzahlen werden (Frankfurt am Main) – Praktischer Umgang mit der Kosten-Leistungs-Rechnung. Gesundheitswesen 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Stegmann T, Gerhards B, Kirschenbauer HJ, Stark S. Kinderpsychiatrisches Fortbildungscurriculum für Einrichtungen der stationären Jugendhilfe. Gesundheitswesen 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1076590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Voss M, Stark S, Alfredsson L, Vingård E, Josephson M. Comparisons of self-reported and register data on sickness absence among public employees in Sweden. Occup Environ Med 2007; 65:61-7. [PMID: 17704196 DOI: 10.1136/oem.2006.031427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIM Self-reported assessments of sickness absence are often performed in epidemiological studies. The objective of this study was to compare the number of sick-leave days according to self-reported data over 12 months with data from the employer's register for the same period. An additional aim was to ascertain whether the self-reported information and the recorded data would show equivalent associations with self-reported general health. METHODS The study was based on a cohort of 4869 municipal employees in Sweden, about 80% women, who answered a questionnaire in 2001-2. The responses provided by the employees included information on number of sick-leave days and self-rated health. Data on sick-leave days, occupation and age were derived from the employers' computerised registers. The questionnaire information on sick-leave days was compared with the corresponding information retrieved from the employer register by means of calculating sensitivity and specificity, using the employers' data as the "gold standard". RESULTS The annual number of sick-leave days was lower according to the self-reported information than to the register data. For women the agreement between the two sickness absence measures for no sick-leave days, 1-7 days and >/=28 days were 74%, 72% and 67%, respectively. The sensitivity of questionnaire versus register information regarding any self-reported sick-leave day was 91% and the specificity was 74%. Sensitivity and specificity for sickness absence >/=28 days were 67% and 98%, respectively. The results for men were similar to those for women. Self-reported and recorded sickness absence were both associated with self-rated health. The odds ratios were 7.27 and 8.25, for subjects with >/=28 recorded and self-reported number of sick-leave days respectively, compared to subjects with no sickness absence. CONCLUSIONS Good agreement was found between self-reported and register information on sickness absence. Self-reported data on sickness absence may be useful in common epidemiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Voss
- Section of Personal Injury Prevention, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden.
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Kluthe C, Stark S, Pohl A, Rudolph B, Müller D. Olmesartan-assoziierte Nephropathie beim Neugeborenen. Z Geburtshilfe Neonatol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-983306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kulzer B, Hermanns N, Stark S, Haak T. Messung der Lebensqualität bei Patienten mit diabetischer Neuropathie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Kulzer B, Hermanns N, Stark S, Haak T. Entwicklung und Evaluation eines Wissenstests zur diabetischen Polyneuropathie. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hermanns N, Kulzer B, Stark S, Haak T. NeuroQol: Ein effektives Instrument zum Neuropathiescreening. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-982348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Gerhards B, Behrenbeck U, Lerman E, Stark S. Prävention und Früherkennung von Schulanfängern mit psychischen Problemen, Verhaltens- und Entwicklungsstörungen - ein Kooperationsprojekt von Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Pädiatrie im Rahmen der Schuleingangsuntersuchung des Stadtgesundheitsamtes Frankfurt am Main. Gesundheitswesen 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-939650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Infection prevention is one of the main tasks of the Public Health authorities. Because of hundreds of travel associated infections imported by travellers every year and considering increasing travel activities to tropical countries, travel medicine and consultation on the correct prevention measures including vaccination is becoming more and more important. Hence the data of the special consultation hours of the public health department of Frankfurt am Main are reported and discussed with regard to possible improvements. MATERIAL AND METHODS The public health department of Frankfurt am Main has been offering special consultation hours for travel medicine for many years. Here, data derived from the anamneses of the clients from 2002 - 2004 are reported: personal data such as age, sex, travel destination as well as medical data such as vaccination and malaria prevention. RESULTS 2002 - 2004, more than 14,000 persons were seen in the consultation hours, more than 66% of them asked for travel health advice, about 25% of them asked for standard vaccination (such as influenza), some others asked for attestation or certification. More than 20,000 doses of vaccines were given, the most important vaccination against hepatitis A (n = 5791), hepatitis B (n = 4064), typhoid fever (n = 2718) and yellow fever (n = 2473). 2814 were informed with regard to malaria prevention, including recipes. 7814 persons with complete data on their reason for travel were subjected to more detailed analysis: 75% of them were holiday tourists, 18% travelled as "hikers", 7% were business travellers and less than 1% of them planned a round-the-world tour. The most frequent travel destinations were: Asian or African countries about 33% each, 25% Middle or South America. Thailand, South Africa with Namibia, Brazil and India were the most important countries. The time from health consultation to the beginning of the journey was too short for full vaccine protection against typhoid fever and meningococcal disease in 10% and against rabies in 44% of the consultants. There were no significant differences between holiday tourists, business and "hikers" travellers. CONCLUSION According to many studies, only one-third of the travellers going abroad, especially to developing countries, obtain travel health information. Hence, the clients of our consultation hours are a positive selection. Nevertheless, great need for improvement could be seen as well. In many of the clients the time from getting health information and vaccination was too short for obtaining complete vaccination protection. People travelling to countries where most hepatitis A infections are obtained and re-imported home, such as Turkey and Tunisia and other Mediterranean countries almost never came for health advice and vaccination. Therefore, public health authorities should improve and increase their publicity campaigns for travel health and vaccination in order to prevent travel-associated infections and re-importation of such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Heudorf
- Abteilung Medizinische Dienste und Hygiene, Stadtgesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main.
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Barnes MP, Best D, Kidd L, Roberts B, Stark S, Weeks P, Whitaker J. The use of botulinum toxin type-B in the treatment of patients who have become unresponsive to botulinum toxin type-A -- initial experiences. Eur J Neurol 2006; 12:947-55. [PMID: 16324088 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2005.01095.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The increasing use of botulinum toxin type-A, especially for focal dystonia and spasticity has highlighted the issue of secondary non-responsiveness. Within the last few years botulinum toxin type-B (Myobloc/Neurobloc) has become commercially available as an alternative to type-A. This paper discusses our initial experience of botulinum toxin type-B in a total of 63 individuals who attended our botulinum clinic. Thirty-six patients had cervical dystonia and a secondary non-response to type-A toxin. Thirteen of these patients (36%) had a reasonable clinical response to Neurobloc and continue to have injections. The other 23 patients either had no response, or a poor response, or had unacceptable side effects and ceased treatment. A small number of people with blepharospasm, hemifacial spasm and foot dystonia also had a disappointing response to injection. Twenty patients with spasticity were also type-A resistant. Seven of these show some continuing response to type-B, without unacceptable side effects. These findings demonstrate that botulinum toxin type-B has a place in the management of patients who have become non-responsive to type-A, but overall the responses to type-B toxin were disappointing.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Barnes
- Specialist Neurological Rehabilitation Services Division, Northgate & Prudhoe NHS Trust, Hunters Road, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
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Wirtz A, Andres M, Gottschalk R, Stark S, Weber HJ. Rolle der Gesundheitsbehörden der Länder bei der Verhütung und Bekämpfung von Infektionskrankheiten. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2005; 48:971-8. [PMID: 16160884 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-005-1118-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The goal is to describe the structure of administration for the control of infectious diseases in the German states. Internationally there is an increasing risk of potentially global transmission of infectious diseases and therefore increasing need for improved control mechanisms which are viable locally, regionally and internationally. The international public health community must ensure that responses to infectious disease with a potential impact on more than one county entail concerted action, clear communication and decision making by diverse administration agencies. Given Germany's federal structure, the 16 states have differing protocols delineating responsibilities for infection control systems. This paper provides an overview, going into detail only with regard to the administration structure in Hesse. In 2001, the German law governing infectious disease control was amended and significantly expanded. With regard to protection of humans from infectious disease, each state must define its schedule of responsibilities on the resulting scope of duties. Each state in Germany has entrusted the local public health service at the county level with the responsibility for infection prevention and control. As a rule, at the state level both an expert agency and one or more district administration agencies have been installed; these work directly with the Ministry of Health at the state level. In addition to this, Hesse has established a "centre of competence for highly contagious diseases." In the event of an infectious emergency, this network provides special treatment of highly infectious patients and expertise for public health services and the Ministry of Health on a 24-h shift basis. In times of ongoing structural transformation, it is important to emphasize that expertise at the state level is not an alternative to maintaining enough specialised personnel in the public health services themselves. Specialized practitioners are needed to ensure professional and fast-acting responses, both for the prevention and control of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Wirtz
- Hessisches Sozialministerium, Wiesbaden.
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Heudorf U, Stark S, Tiarks-Jungk P. Reisemedizinische Beratungen und Impfungen als infektionspräventive Aufgabe - Daten der Sprechstunde des Stadtgesundheitsamtes Frankfurt am Main 2002-2003. Gesundheitswesen 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-865576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Despite the United Kingdom's recent governmental mental health policy directives aimed at strengthening professional collaboration and increasing service user involvement, the prevailing mental health care culture remains steeped in a discourse of treatment and care, control and compliance and professional expertise. Drawing upon the data collected during the two phases of a 2-year national evaluation undertaken for the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting, the perceptions of a group of mental health service users in relation to their experiences and contact with the multi-professional team are explored. A series of metaphorical descriptions were developed with these service users drawn from their experience. These begin to illuminate a realistic way of thinking about how teams are set up, how and why they carry out their various roles, and the need to think in non-professional terms about the relationships that are developed with service users. A hierarchy of power was noted that was congruent with the outcomes of other studies. However, there was also a concurrent acknowledgement of the 'usefulness'(to the individual service user) of each of the professional group members. This appeared to have been constructed alongside the power hierarchy and serves to illustrate how individual service users sought to find an accommodation within the social system they were placed in. This paper argues however, that the use of metaphors, as a form of shared communication, can be an effective first step in working towards this objective. Working in the way described here can allow for a greater shared understanding of what each group is experiencing and help ensure that future service development reflects a broader view of the mental health care world.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Warne
- Manchester Metropolitan University, Faculty of Community Care Studies, Law and Education, Department of Health Care Studies, Manchester, UK.
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Nieder C, Wiedenmann N, Stark S, Grosu AL. Phase II trial of functional imaging-optimized stereotactic fractionated radiotherapy plus temozolomide for recurrent high-grade glioma. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.1552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- C. Nieder
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | | | - S. Stark
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
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