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Ang T, Tong JY, Patel S, Juniat V, Rajak S, Selva D. Qualitative and Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Bacterial Orbital Cellulitis. Semin Ophthalmol 2024:1-6. [PMID: 38661153 DOI: 10.1080/08820538.2024.2344029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To summarise the qualitative and quantitative parameters of bacterial orbital cellulitis (OC) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and explore their clinical correlations. METHODS Multi-centre retrospective study with inclusion of patients of all ages with OC who underwent MRI. Patients with isolated pre-septal cellulitis, bilateral disease and poor-quality scans were excluded. An enlargement ratio for extraocular muscles (EOMs) was calculated by dividing maximal EOM measurements from the affected side by the contralateral side. RESULTS Twenty MRI scans from twenty patients (Mean age: 40.8 ± 24.3 years old, M: F = 15:5) between 2011 and 2022 were analysed. Three (15.0%) cases were paediatric patients (<18 years old). All cases had both pre-septal and orbital fat involvement. The EOM were affected in nineteen cases, with the superior muscle complex (18/19, 94.7%) most commonly affected. Mean enlargement ratio (1.30, Range: 1.04-1.82) was greatest for the medial rectus on axial views on T1 and fat-suppressed contrast-enhanced T1 (FS CE T1). Optic peri-neuritis was present in eleven (55.0%) patients, whilst two (9.5%) cases had optic neuritis. A greater degree of proptosis was observed in patients with optic neuropathy and those who underwent surgical intervention compared to those without (p = .002 and p = .002, respectively). CONCLUSION MRI remains an important imaging modality for evaluating complicated OC. However, qualitative features may lack accuracy and is not a reproducible means of analysis. Simple quantitative parameters, such as proptosis and EOM measurements, correlate with high-risk clinical features and may have utility in predicting clinical course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terence Ang
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Jessica Y Tong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Sandy Patel
- Department of Medical Imaging, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Valerie Juniat
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Saul Rajak
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Dinesh Selva
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
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2
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Wood TC, Maqsood S, Saunders A, Sancha W, Nanavaty MA, Wearne M, Rajak S. Simulation-based training for intraoperative posterior capsule rupture management: an analysis of nontechnical skills development and the relationship between technical and nontechnical skills. Eye (Lond) 2024:10.1038/s41433-024-03051-y. [PMID: 38575658 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-024-03051-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse development of individual nontechnical skills (NTS) domains after undertaking a previously developed simulation-based training model and analyse the relationship between technical skills (TS) and NTS in ophthalmic surgery. METHODS The simulation-based training model involved a cataract surgery case complicated by intraoperative posterior capsule rupture. Cataract surgeons underwent the simulation twice, separated by a training intervention. Two blinded independent experts assessed participants' NTS using HUFOES, NOn-Technical Skills for Surgeons (NOTSS), and the OSATS global rating scale for TS. Paired t-tests assessed differences in individual NTS domains, with p < 0.05 indicating significance. The Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient was used to assess the correlation between scores from each scoring system. RESULTS All NTS domains within HUFOES and NOTSS demonstrated statistically significant improvements secondary to the training intervention. Positive correlations were demonstrated between HUFOES and OSATS scores in the pre- and post-training simulations, r = 0.870 (p < 0.001) and r = 0.861 (p < 0.001), respectively. Positive correlations were also demonstrated between NOTSS and OSATS scores in pre- and post-training simulations, r = 0.849 (p < 0.001) and r = 0.757 (p = 0.001), respectively. Positive correlations were demonstrated between HUFOES and NOTSS scores; r = 0.979 (p < 0.001) (n = 17) and r = 0.959 (p < 0.001) for pre- and post-training simulations, respectively. CONCLUSION All NTS domains contained within HUFOES and NOTSS demonstrated significant increases following the completion of the simulation-based training model. Positive correlations exist between an ophthalmic surgeon's TS and NTS. This is the first study to report these findings within ophthalmic surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Charles Wood
- Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex (UHSussex) NHS Trust, Eastern Road, BN2 5BF, Brighton, UK.
| | - Sundas Maqsood
- Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex (UHSussex) NHS Trust, Eastern Road, BN2 5BF, Brighton, UK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Maidstone and Tunbridge Wells Hospital, Hermitage Lane, ME16 9QQ, Maidstone, Kent, UK
| | - Alexander Saunders
- Resuscitation Services Department, Southpoint Building, Royal Sussex County Hospital, BN2 1HA, Brighton, UK
| | | | - Mayank A Nanavaty
- Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex (UHSussex) NHS Trust, Eastern Road, BN2 5BF, Brighton, UK
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PX, Brighton, UK
| | - Michael Wearne
- Eastbourne District General Hospital, King's Drive, BN21 2UD, Eastbourne, East Sussex, UK
| | - Saul Rajak
- Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex (UHSussex) NHS Trust, Eastern Road, BN2 5BF, Brighton, UK
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PX, Brighton, UK
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3
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Abstract
The authors present a case of acute bilateral orbital myositis occurring 24 hours after the administration of the mRNA1273 vaccination for COVID 19. The patient was presented with right proptosis, with orbital imaging demonstrating bilateral enlargement of all the extraocular muscles. Serological investigation did not reveal a precipitating cause or underlying disease process. The presenting features resolved entirely following treatment with methylprednisolone and the patient remains asymptomatic.
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Affiliation(s)
- George S P Murphy
- Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Pav A Gounder
- Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
| | - Saul Rajak
- Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
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4
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Kumar P, Singh B, Rajak S, Pandey S, Pati PK. Dynamics of reactive oxygen species and lignin biosynthesis during leaf spot disease of Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal. Plant Biol (Stuttg) 2023. [PMID: 37249151 DOI: 10.1111/plb.13548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Withania somnifera is an important medicinal plant, however, its cultivation and quality are compromised due to infestation by leaf spot disease caused by the fungus Alternaria alternata. To decipher suitable strategies against the disease, studies on post-infectional changes are important. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are critical as they cross-talk with other defense signaling pathways. Our study involved the analysis of ROS-generating and scavenging systems in the healthy and diseased leaf samples of W. somnifera and ROS-driven downstream defence pathways. DAB and NBT assays for ROS detection, spectrophotometric and in gel assays for ROS scavenging enzymes, thioglycolic acid (TGA) based assay and histochemical staining for lignin content and qRT-PCR for transcript-level expression studies were performed. Leaf spot infection in W. somnifera led to increased NADPH oxidase activity and ROS accumulation in the infected leaves which were supported by the enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities. Leaf spot infected leaves exhibited increased lignin content with higher expression of lignin biosynthesis genes. In addition, the transcript levels of defense-related genes, NPR1 and PR genes were also upregulated. The present work provides insights into the response of leaf spot disease in invoking the defense-related signaling in W. somnifera. It demonstrates the cross-talk between ROS and lignin biosynthesis. This work identifies potential targets for developing future strategies to confer disease resistance against leaf spot pathogen in W. somnifera.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - B Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - S Rajak
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - S Pandey
- Department of Agriculture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
| | - P K Pati
- Department of Biotechnology, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
- Department of Agriculture, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, Punjab, India
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5
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Kanavati S, Munthali L, Rajak S. Periocular Granuloma Annulare: A Case Report of a Rare Childhood Disease in an Adult. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 39:e35-e37. [PMID: 36190785 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 21-year-old female presented to the oculoplastic clinic with a 2-year history of raised lesions in the right upper eyelid and lateral canthus area. Due to their unusual appearance, the patient underwent an excisional biopsy of the lateral canthus lesion. A diagnosis of granuloma annulare was made after histopathology demonstrated palisading epithelioid granulomas with central fibrinoid necrosis and Alician blue positive acid mucin. Granuloma annulare is a benign inflammatory skin condition characterized by firm discolored papules or nodules classically arranged in an annular pattern. Periocular involvement is extremely rare in adults and may pose a diagnostic challenge to ophthalmologists unfamiliar with its presentation and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sam Kanavati
- Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton
- Education center, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton
| | - Lamios Munthali
- Histopathology Department, Nuffield Health Hospital, Tunbridge Wells, United Kingdom
| | - Saul Rajak
- Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton
- Education center, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton
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6
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Murphy GSP, Gounder PA, Good CD, Hajela V, Koenig M, Hughes E, Rajak S. Probable IGG4 related ophthalmic disease presenting with uveitis. Orbit 2022:1-5. [PMID: 36250575 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2022.2134429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We present a case of an uncommon presentation of IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (ROD). A 58-year-old female presented with unilateral acute anterior uveitis of the right eye, which progressed to scleritis with the development of an associated orbital mass despite treatment with oral glucocorticoid. Initial histopathology of an orbital biopsy was non-diagnostic and continued progression of the disease lead to complete loss of vision in the right eye. The development of uveitis in the previously unaffected left eye led to the decision for enucleation of the right globe and further orbital biopsy. Histopathology revealed features supporting IgG4-related ophthalmic disease. Oral glucocorticoid therapy failed to induce remission, and rituximab therapy was initiated, leading to a rapid resolution in her symptoms. Other cases with a similar presentation report a poor visual prognosis, highlighting the need for prompt diagnosis and treatment of uveitis associated with signs of orbital or scleral involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pav A Gounder
- Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Catriona D Good
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Vijay Hajela
- Department of Rheumatology, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Michael Koenig
- Department of Cellular Pathology, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Edward Hughes
- Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Saul Rajak
- Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex, Brighton, UK
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7
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Lacey H, Oliphant H, Smith C, Koenig M, Rajak S. 371 Topographical Anatomy of the Annulus of Zinn. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac268.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aim
The anatomy and even existence of a common tendinous origin of the extraocular eye muscles, or annulus of Zinn, has widely been debated in anatomical literature. This study explored the anatomical origins of the recti muscles, their course into the orbit and the dural connections of the common tendinous origin with the skull base.
Method
Twenty orbits of ten adult human cadavers were dissected. The orbital apex and its dural connections were photographed. Histological examination of apical specimens was performed.
Results
In all cadavers, extraocular muscles were observed to have a common tendinous origin at the orbital apex, continuous with dural connections extending into the skull base. Accessory slips of the medial rectus were observed across all cadavers. Dual heads of the lateral rectus were observed in fourteen orbits of seven cadavers. The origin of the levator palpebrae superioris appeared to be contiguous with the superior rectus at the common tendinous origin in all but one cadaver.
Conclusions
These results support the existence of a common tendinous origin of the extraocular muscles, that is continuous with the skull base dura. In addition, they support the existence of variations in orbital anatomy including dual or accessory muscle slips of the extraocular muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hester Lacey
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Trust , Brighton , United Kingdom
| | - Huw Oliphant
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Trust , Brighton , United Kingdom
| | - Claire Smith
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton , United Kingdom
| | - Michael Koenig
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School , Brighton , United Kingdom
| | - Saul Rajak
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Trust , Brighton , United Kingdom
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8
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Scantling-Birch Y, Naveed H, Tollemache N, Gounder P, Rajak S. Is undergraduate ophthalmology teaching in the United Kingdom still fit for purpose? Eye (Lond) 2022; 36:343-345. [PMID: 34462584 PMCID: PMC8807702 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Scantling-Birch
- Department of Medicine, Royal Sussex County Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK.
| | - H Naveed
- Ophthalmology Unit, Royal Surrey County Hospital, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Surrey, UK.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer Campus, Brighton, UK
| | - N Tollemache
- Department of Medicine, Manchester Royal Infirmary, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - P Gounder
- Department of Oculoplastics, Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK.,Ophthalmology Unit, Royal Perth Hospital, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - S Rajak
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer Campus, Brighton, UK.,Department of Oculoplastics, Sussex Eye Hospital, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Brighton, UK
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9
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Scantling‐Birch Y, Naveed H, Okorie M, Rajak S. The use of virtual three‐dimensional anatomy software in teaching ophthalmology. Acta Ophthalmol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2022.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hasan Naveed
- Ophthalmology Royal Surrey County Hospital Brighton UK
- Medical Education Unit Brighton and Sussex Medical School Brighton UK
| | - Michael Okorie
- Medicine Royal Sussex County Hospital Brighton UK
- Medical Education Unit Brighton and Sussex Medical School Brighton UK
| | - Saul Rajak
- Medical Education Unit Brighton and Sussex Medical School Brighton UK
- Ophthalmology Sussex Eye Hospital Brighton UK
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10
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Sandhu PS, Bucur S, Good C, Cutler M, Rajak S. The Management of Orbital Roof Fractures and Defects: A Review. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 38:8-16. [PMID: 34293784 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the anatomy, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis and classification, current evidence on intervention and the surgical management of orbital roof fractures and defects (ORFD) for oculoplastic surgeons presented with such cases. METHODS A review of the current literature through the MEDLINE database using the following search terms: "orbital roof fracture (+treatment/management)," "orbital roof defect (+treatment/management)," "orbital roof erosion (+treatment/management)," "orbital roof repair," "orbital roof," "orbital fracture," "pediatric orbital roof (defect/fracture/erosion)," "orbital anatomy," and "orbital roof anatomy" was conducted. As relatively little has been published on this topic, inclusion criteria were broad and peer-reviewed articles judged to be of clinical importance, relevant to the aims of this review, were included. Non-English abstracts were also included if relevant. Year of publication was not a strict exclusion criterion, and older articles were judged for their suitability based on clinical importance and relevance to current practice. Additional references were obtained from citations in key articles and recommendations from the coauthors based on their areas of expertise. RESULTS The etiopathogenesis of ORFD varies. Classification systems have been formulated to guide management decisions and can range from conservative management to complex neurosurgery. Eyelid approaches have also been described. This review provides a summary of the evidence for each and a management framework oculoplastic surgeons can use when presented with ORFD. CONCLUSION Oculoplastic surgeons can be involved, either alone or as part of a multidisciplinary team, in the management of ORFD, and for some, conduct orbital approach reconstructive surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Catriona Good
- Department of Radiology, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Cutler
- Department of Head & Neck Prosthetics, Queen Victoria Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, East Grinstead, United Kingdom
| | - Saul Rajak
- Orbital and Oculoplastics Department, Sussex Eye Hospital
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11
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Juniat V, Rajak S. Conjunctival amyloid. Assoc Med J 2021. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.n2089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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12
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Scantling-Birch Y, Newton R, Naveed H, Rajak S, Bhutta MF. Healthcare worker protection against epidemic viral respiratory disease. Postgrad Med J 2021; 98:131-137. [PMID: 33637641 DOI: 10.1136/postgradmedj-2020-139555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Lower respiratory infections are often caused or precipitated by viruses and are a leading cause of global morbidity and mortality. Mutations in these viral genomes can produce highly infectious strains that transmit across species and have the potential to initiate epidemic, or pandemic, human viral respiratory disease. Transmission between humans primarily occurs via the airborne route and is accelerated by our increasingly interconnected and globalised society. To this date, there have been four major human viral respiratory outbreaks in the 21st century. Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at particular risk during respiratory epidemics or pandemics. This is due to crowded working environments where social distancing, or wearing respiratory personal protective equipment for prolonged periods, might prove difficult, or performing medical procedures that increase exposure to virus-laden aerosols, or bodily fluids. This review aims to summarise the evidence and approaches to occupational risk and protection of HCWs during epidemic or pandemic respiratory viral disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Newton
- Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Hasan Naveed
- Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Surrey County Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford, Surrey, UK.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer Campus, Brighton, UK
| | - Saul Rajak
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer Campus, Brighton, UK.,Department of Oculoplastics, Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Mahmood F Bhutta
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Falmer Campus, Brighton, UK.,Department of Ear, Nose & Throat, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
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13
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Oliphant H, Oliphant T, Clarke L, Vize C, Rajak S. Access to intraoperative tumour margin control: a survey of the British Oculoplastic Surgery Society. Eye (Lond) 2020; 34:1679-1684. [PMID: 31896806 PMCID: PMC7608277 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-019-0760-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Periocular malignancy is common and in most cases will undergo excision with pre-determined margins and subsequent histological examination. Intraoperative margin control (IOMC) modalities such as fast frozen section (FFS), fast paraffin (FP) and Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) are being increasingly widely used, though there is a lack of information regarding utility. The aim of this study was to survey members of the British Oculoplastic Surgery Society (BOPSS) to determine attitudes and access to different modalities of IOMC. Methods A 12-question online survey was disseminated via an e-mail to full members of the BOPSS. The survey was hosted using Qualtrics software via the University of Sussex. Results The overall response rate was 64 of 165 (38.8%). MMS was readily available in a neighbouring trust to 23 of 64 respondents (35.9%). Seven respondents (10.9%) reported no regional access to MMS. Twenty-nine members had readily available access to FFS (45.3%) and 37 of 64 to FP (57.8%) in their own institution. There is variation in what tumour types would be considered appropriate for IOMC, though most thought clinically ill-defined (morphoeic) basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) should undergo one form of IOMC (90.6% and 81.3%, respectively). Conclusion This study highlights variation in availability and utilisation of IOMC amongst oculoplastic surgeons and in different regions of the UK. While the exact place of IOMC in periocular tumour excision is debated, there is a consistent view that it should be available for some tumours. Greater consistency in provision may improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huw Oliphant
- Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Eastern Road, Brighton, BN2 5BF, UK. .,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PX, UK.
| | - Tom Oliphant
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Lucy Clarke
- Newcastle Eye Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Queen Victoria Road, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 4LP, UK
| | - Colin Vize
- Hull & East Yorkshire Eye Hospital, Fountain Street, HU3 2JZ, Kingston Upon Hull, UK
| | - Saul Rajak
- Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Eastern Road, Brighton, BN2 5BF, UK.,Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Falmer, BN1 9PX, UK
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14
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Juniat V, McGilligan JA, Curragh D, Selva D, Rajak S. Endoscopic orbital decompression for proptosis in non-thyroid eye disease. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2019; 24:85-91. [PMID: 31853760 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-019-00826-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Orbital decompression is an established surgical treatment option for a range of orbital conditions. We report the outcomes of endonasal decompression to recess the globe for conditions and pathologies other than thyroid eye disease. METHODS This was a retrospective case series of patients who underwent endoscopic orbital decompression for proptosis secondary to non-thyroid eye disease orbital pathologies. The procedures were carried out by oculoplastic surgeons across two hospital sites between January 2011 and July 2018. Information collected includes patient demographics, diagnosis, surgical details, pre- and postoperative clinical findings (including visual acuity, exophthalmometry readings, intraocular pressure, ocular motility and diplopia), complications and further treatment. RESULTS There were seven cases of endoscopic decompression, each due to a different pathology. The reasons for decompression were proptosis secondary to optic nerve sheath meningioma (1); sphenoid wing meningioma (1); idiopathic myositis (1); axial myopia (1); chronic third nerve palsy (1); to protuberant keratoprosthesis (1); and Crouzon syndrome with corneal exposure (1). Visual acuity remained stable or improved in all patients postoperatively. There was an average reduction in proptosis of 3.5 ± 1.4 mm (standard deviation - SD). Ocular motility remained stable in 100% (7/7). There were no intraoperative or postoperative complications, including no new cases of postoperative diplopia. CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic orbital decompression can be performed for patients with proptosis associated with a large globe, facial dysplasia or medial and infero-medial orbital lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Juniat
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - J Anthony McGilligan
- Department of Ears, Nose and Throat, Princess Royal Hospital,, RX16 4EX, Haywards Heath, UK
| | - David Curragh
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Saul Rajak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Sussex Eye Hospital, Eastern Road, Brighton, BN2 5BF, UK
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15
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Nakayama T, Watanabe A, Rajak S, Yamanaka Y, Sotozono C. Congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction continues trend for spontaneous resolution beyond first year of life. Br J Ophthalmol 2019; 104:1161-1163. [PMID: 31676597 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate spontaneous resolution of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) beyond 12 months of age in Japanese infants. METHODS Retrospective, observational case series. We retrospectively reviewed the clinical records of patients diagnosed with CNLDO beyond 12 months of age at Kyoto Prefectural University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan. This study involved 155 cases of CNLDO in 133 Japanese infants diagnosed with CNLDO. All patients chose intervention with either dacryoendoscopic guided probing and stenting or conservative management. The proportion and age of patients who had spontaneous CLNDO resolution were analysed. RESULTS The patients were divided into two groups: (1) 62 patients with 70 obstructed nasolacrimal ducts (45%) in whom spontaneous resolution occurred and (2) 71 patients with 85 obstructed nasolacrimal ducts (55%) who underwent dacryoendoscopic guided probing and stenting. The mean age of spontaneous resolution was 17.8±5.3 months (range: 12.0-35.4 months). Dacryoendoscopic guided probing and stenting were successful in 83/85 (97.6%) of cases. CONCLUSIONS Spontaneous resolution of CNLDO can occur in 45% of infants over the age of 12 months. Dacryoendoscopic guided stenting also has high success rates in this patient group, and both treatment options can be proposed to caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomomichi Nakayama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Akihide Watanabe
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Yukito Yamanaka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chie Sotozono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Sia PI, Curragh D, Patel S, Rajak S, Drivas P, Selva D. Time-resolved three-dimensional technique for dynamic magnetic resonance dacryocystography. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 47:1131-1137. [PMID: 31441978 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Revised: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE This study introduces a new technique in the assessment of nasolacrimal drainage with magnetic resonance imaging. BACKGROUND To describe a new dynamic magnetic resonance dacryocystography (MRDCG) protocol and report normative findings on asymptomatic lacrimal drainage systems. DESIGN A prospective observational study at the Royal Adelaide Hospital. PARTICIPANTS Seventeen patients with unilateral epiphora were prospectively recruited. METHODS Patients underwent dynamic MRDCG. The time-resolved angiography with interleaved stochastic trajectories (TWIST) sequence was used to visualise contrast flow through the lacrimal drainage system. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Tear transit times and anatomical dimensions were measured. RESULTS Dynamic MRDCG with TWIST sequence reliably demonstrated contrast flow. Tear transit times and anatomical dimensions were comparable to previously reported values in other imaging modalities. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Dynamic MRDCG provides good structural and temporal resolution to the assessment of lacrimal outflow obstructions. The physiological nature of this modality allows potential assessment for functional obstruction and future research on tear flow assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul I Sia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David Curragh
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sandy Patel
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Saul Rajak
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Peter Drivas
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Figueira E, Rajak S, McKelvie P, Kalantzis G, Ismail A, Gonzales M, James C, McNab A, Selva D. Primary orbital melanoma: a case series and literature review. Orbit 2018; 37:352-357. [PMID: 29388848 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2017.1423354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Primary orbital melanoma (POM) is a very rare condition. We report further four cases and review all previously reported cases. We present a multicentre retrospective review of patients with POM. Clinical, radiological, surgical, histological, and follow-up data is presented. Four patients with POM were identified between 2000 and 2013. All presented with proptosis and diplopia without reduced vision. Two had known pre-existing blue cell naevi. All were stage T1N0M0. All underwent exenteration with adjuvant radiotherapy. All are disease free at follow-up durations of 24-151 months. The present three cases and review of all cases in the literature suggest a higher likelihood of disease-free survival from primary exenteration (7/8 disease-free survival, 1/8 death from metastatic disease) than wide local excision (7/16 disease-free survival, 9 recurrence or metastasis of whom 4 died). Adjuvant radiotherapy may additionally improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Figueira
- a South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology , Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide , Australia
- b Department of Ophthalmology , Prince of Wales Hospital , Randwick , NSW , Australia
| | - Saul Rajak
- a South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology , Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide , Australia
- c The Sussex Eye Hospital , Brighton and Sussex University Hospital , Brighton , UK
| | - Penny McKelvie
- d Department of Anatomical Pathology , St Vincent's Hospital , Victoria , Australia
| | - George Kalantzis
- e Department of Ophthalmology , Leeds Teaching Hospital , Leeds , UK
| | - Azzam Ismail
- f Histopathology Department, Leeds Teaching Hospital NHS Trust , Leeds , UK
| | - Michael Gonzales
- g Department of Anatomical Pathology , Royal Melbourne Hospital , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Craig James
- h Department of Histopathology , Adelaide Pathology Partners/Clinpath , Adelaide , South Australia
| | - Alan McNab
- i Orbital Plastic and Lacrimal Clinic , Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, Centre for Eye Research Australia , Melbourne , Victoria , Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- a South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology , Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide , Australia
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Ueda K, Watanabe A, Yokoi N, Sugimoto M, Fukuoka H, Shinomiya K, Kinoshita S, Rajak S, Selva D. Biopsy of recurrent nasolacrimal duct obstruction using sheath-guided dacryoendoscopy. Orbit 2018; 38:37-42. [PMID: 30142018 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2018.1513536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this article is to present a novel technique, as well the histopathological findings, of dacryoendoscopic guided nasolacrimal duct (NLD) biopsy for recurrent nasolacrimal duct obstruction (NLDO). METHODS This study involved subjects with recurrent NLDO. Direct endoscopic probing or sheath-guided endoscopic probing was used for the initial intubation in all treated eyes, and the stent had been removed at between 2 and 11 months (mean 3.5 months) post-intubation with dacryoendoscopic confirmation of patency and mucosal regeneration. Biopsy specimens were obtained by scraping the recurrent lesion by sheath advancement. Histopathological examination and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining were performed. RESULTS In five patients (two males and three females, mean age: 71.2 ± 5.6 years [range: 61-78 years]) with recurrent NLDO, biopsy specimens were obtained from six ducts of six eyes, and stratified epithelium and a mixed inflammatory cell infiltrates were identified. IHC staining was positive for cytokeratin (CK)4 and CK13, and negative for paired box protein Pax-6. CONCLUSIONS This novel technique enabled a minimally invasive biopsy of the NLD to be obtained, and IHC staining indicated the presence of mucus epithelium, thus suggesting squamous metaplasia of the usual respiratory epithelium which likely occurs secondary to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Ueda
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Akihide Watanabe
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Norihiko Yokoi
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | | | - Hideki Fukuoka
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Katsuhiko Shinomiya
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Shigeru Kinoshita
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine , Kyoto , Japan
| | - Saul Rajak
- c Sussex Eye Hospital , Brighton and Sussex University Hospital , Brighton , United Kingdom
| | - Dinesh Selva
- d Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology and Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide , Australia
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Abstract
Intradiploic epidermoid cysts are uncommon in the orbital walls and typically present with chronic headaches. We present the unusual presentation of a 46-year-old man where a long-standing intradiploic mass of the orbital roof led to acute onset of pain and mechanical ptosis. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed an intradiploic cystic mass within the orbital roof. The cystic mass was extirpated and histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of an epidermoid cyst. This case illustrates the potential of long-standing intradiploic epidermoid cysts in producing an acute presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard G Lee
- a Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences , University of Adelaide and South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Ye Chen
- a Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences , University of Adelaide and South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Saul Rajak
- a Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences , University of Adelaide and South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology , Adelaide , Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- a Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences , University of Adelaide and South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology , Adelaide , Australia
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Rajak S, Ghosh S, Varshney J, Srivastava A, Tewari R, Kain V. Electrochemical investigation of uranyl species reduction in alkaline oxalate electrolyte and microstructural characterization of deposited nanocrystalline UO2 thin films. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2018.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Oliphant H, Rajak S. Iatrogenic punctal prolapse. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2018; 46:700. [PMID: 29322656 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huw Oliphant
- The Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
| | - Saul Rajak
- The Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
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Oliphant H, Taylor M, Rajak S. Primary cutaneous pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma in the periocular region. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2017; 47:140-141. [PMID: 29282833 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.13141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Huw Oliphant
- The Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
| | - Mark Taylor
- Department of Pathology, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
| | - Saul Rajak
- The Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals, Brighton, UK
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23
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Kennedy A, Allan K, Rajak S. A primary squamous cell carcinoma of the orbit. Can J Ophthalmol 2017; 52:e230-e233. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Amjadi S, Chan WO, Rajak S, Morrissey DK, Simon S, Davis G, Selva D, Psaltis AJ. A case of traumatic infraorbital neuroma. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 21:471-473. [PMID: 29101581 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-017-0658-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A 53-year-old Afghan man presented with a 12-month history of left proptosis, diplopia and facial swelling 20 years after a bomb blast injury. Magnetic resonance and computed tomography imaging revealed a well-circumscribed lesion centred within the left inferior orbit/superior maxillary sinus along with left orbital fracture. Histopathology and immunostaining of the debulked lesion were consistent with traumatic neuroma of the infraorbital nerve. Infraorbital neuromas have developed following orbital decompression surgeries but have not been reported previously following non-surgical trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Amjadi
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
| | - Weng Onn Chan
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Saul Rajak
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - David K Morrissey
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sumu Simon
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gary Davis
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Alkis J Psaltis
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Zhang Z, Ho S, Yin V, Varas G, Rajak S, Dolman PJ, McNab A, Heathcote JG, Valenzuela A. Multicentred international review of orbital exenteration and reconstruction in oculoplastic and orbit practice. Br J Ophthalmol 2017; 102:654-658. [DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2017-310681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BackgroundOrbital exenteration is a disfiguring procedure reserved for life-threatening malignancies. This study examines the clinical course and outcomes of a large series of patients who underwent orbital exenteration for malignant periocular neoplasms.MethodsThis is a retrospective review of patients who underwent orbital exenteration from 1 July 2005 to 30 June 2015 at four tertiary referral centres in the USA, Australia and Canada. Demographics, indication for surgery, pathology, surgical technique, reconstruction type and outcomes were reviewed.ResultsOrbital exenteration was performed on 102 patients. The mean age at surgery was 67.5 years. The most common malignant tumours encountered were squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma and basal cell carcinoma. Seventy-six patients (75%) underwent reconstruction with a local myocutaneous flap, twelve with partial-thickness skin grafts (PTSG), or split skin graft, two had a free flap, and one had a dermis fat graft. Sixteen patients had combined procedures of two of the above. Complete removal of the tumour was achieved with clear margins in 81 cases. Of all patients, 72% were alive at 48 months or more.ConclusionThe majority of orbital exenterations performed in this series were secondary to periocular malignancies with unsuccessful/insufficient previous treatments. Regional myocutaneous flaps, PTSG, full-thickness skin grafts and dermis fat grafts were all highly effective and durable reconstructive options, and were able to withstand radiation therapy without complications.
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Juniat VAR, Rajak S. The use of prophylactic Nunchaku stents to reduce the risk of nasolacrimal duct obstruction in patients with midfacial tumours undergoing radiotherapy. Orbit 2017; 36:298-300. [PMID: 28812923 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2017.1337182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of midfacial tumours with radiotherapy, chemotherapy and radio-iodine can cause nasolacrimal duct fibrosis resulting in epiphora. Nasolacrimal patency can be maintained by stenting. We report our experience of prophylatic Nunchaku stent insertion in 5 patients prior to midfacial radiotherapy. Four out of 5 patients (80%) had patent nasolacrimal ducts without any symptoms of epiphora following removal of the stents. One patient was initially asymptomatic with patent nasolacrimal duct, but subsequently developed epiphora. Nunchaku stents may provide a simple and effective way of preventing epiphora, obviate the need for nasal retrieval that is required for other nasolacrimal stents, and reduce the risk of requiring further lacrimal surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie A R Juniat
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Sussex Eye Hospital , Eastern Road, Brighton , United Kingdom
| | - Saul Rajak
- a Department of Ophthalmology , Sussex Eye Hospital , Eastern Road, Brighton , United Kingdom
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Nanavaty MA, Bedi KK, Ali S, Holmes M, Rajak S. Toric Intraocular Lenses Versus Peripheral Corneal Relaxing Incisions for Astigmatism Between 0.75 and 2.5 Diopters During Cataract Surgery. Am J Ophthalmol 2017. [PMID: 28647461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2017.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the outcomes after toric intraocular lens (tIOL) or peripheral corneal relaxing incisions (PCRI) for keratometric astigmatism (KA) between 0.75 and 2.5 diopters (D) during cataract surgery. DESIGN Prospective randomized clinical trial. METHODS Eighty eyes (80 participants) received either tIOL or PCRI and were assessed preoperatively, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Uncorrected (UCDVA) and best-corrected distance logMAR visual acuity (BCDVA) at 12 months. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA), manifest refraction, KA and mean keratometry (KM), corneal aberrometry, tIOL rotation, and quality-of-life questionnaire. RESULTS Comparing tIOLs vs PCRIs, there was no significant difference in the UCDVA, BCDVA, and UCNVA. At 12 months, 61% vs 53% had UDCVA of 20/25 or better, 100% vs 76% gained ≥1 lines, and 59% vs 43% were within ±0.13 D spherical equivalent. In the PCRI group, anterior KA decreased at 1 month and remained stable thereafter; there was a nonsignificant trend toward a flatter posterior KA and steeper posterior KM and the total corneal Z2-2 was low at 1 and 12 months. Over 12 months, there were changes in posterior corneal tilt, coma, and hexafoil in the PCRI group. The mean rotation of the tIOLs at 12 months was 1.8 ± 1.4 degrees. tIOL patients were happier and were glad to use the nonprescription sunglasses. CONCLUSION There was no difference in visual acuity, although more tIOL patients gained ≥1 line and were within ±0.13 D. After PCRIs, the anterior KA decreased in the early postoperative period and remained stable thereafter and posterior corneal aberrations changed constantly over 12 months.
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Sun MT, Rajak S, James C, Huilgol SC, Selva D. Pigmented squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the eyelid. Australas J Dermatol 2017; 58:e275-e276. [PMID: 28660705 DOI: 10.1111/ajd.12550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Sun
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Austraia
| | - Saul Rajak
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Austraia
| | - Craig James
- Department of Histopathology, Adelaide Pathology Partners/Clinpath, Adelaide, South Australia, Austraia
| | - Shyamala C Huilgol
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Austraia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, The University of Adelaide and Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Austraia
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle T Sun
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide and The South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Saul Rajak
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide and The South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Craig James
- Department of Histopathology, Adelaide Pathology Partners/Clinpath, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shyamala C Huilgol
- Department of Dermatology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Adelaide and The South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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30
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Sun MT, Rajak S, Selva D, Smith H. Periocular basal cell carcinoma: a comprehensive review. Expert Review of Ophthalmology 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2017.1318066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Burn H, Aweke S, Wondie T, Habtamu E, Deribe K, Rajak S, Bremner S, Davey G. Podoconiosis, trachomatous trichiasis and cataract in northern Ethiopia: A comparative cross sectional study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005388. [PMID: 28187129 PMCID: PMC5322969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural populations in low-income countries commonly suffer from the co-morbidity of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Podoconiosis, trachomatous trichiasis (both NTDs) and cataract are common causes of morbidity among subsistence farmers in the highlands of northern Ethiopia. We explored whether podoconiosis was associated with cataract or trachomatous trichiasis (TT) among this population. METHODS A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in East Gojam region, Amhara, Ethiopia in May 2016. Data were collected from patients previously identified as having podoconiosis and from matched healthy neighbourhood controls. Information on socio-demographic factors, clinical factors and past medical history were collected by an interview-administered questionnaire. Clinical examination involved grading of podoconiosis by examination of both legs, measurement of visual acuity, direct ophthalmoscopy of dilated pupils to grade cataract, and eyelid and corneal examination to grade trachoma. Multiple logistic regression was conducted to estimate independent association and correlates of podoconiosis, TT and cataract. FINDINGS A total of 700 participants were included in this study; 350 podoconiosis patients and 350 healthy neighbourhood controls. The prevalence of TT was higher among podoconiosis patients than controls (65 (18.6%) vs 43 (12.3%)) with an adjusted odds ratio OR 1.57 (95% CI 1.02-2.40), p = 0.04. There was no significant difference in prevalence of cataract between the two populations with an adjusted OR 0.83 (95% CI 0.55-1.25), p = 0.36. Mean best visual acuity was 0.59 (SD 0.06) in podoconiosis cases compared to 0.44 (SD 0.04) in controls, p<0.001. The proportion of patients classified as blind was higher in podoconiosis cases compared with healthy controls; 5.6% vs 2.0%; adjusted OR 2.63 (1.08-6.39), P = 0.03. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with podoconiosis have a higher burden of TT and worse visual acuity than their matched healthy neighbourhood controls. Further research into the environmental and biological reasons for this co-morbidity is required. A shared approach to managing these two NTDs within the same population could be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Burn
- Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Esmael Habtamu
- The Carter Center, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kebede Deribe
- Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
- School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Saul Rajak
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Bremner
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Gail Davey
- Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
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Oliphant H, Rajak S, Selva D. Simple lipoma of the eyelid: a rare entity. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2016; 45:412-413. [PMID: 27992661 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Huw Oliphant
- The Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - Saul Rajak
- The Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton and Sussex University Hospital, Brighton, UK.,South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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Sia PI, Rajak S, James C, Huilgol S, Selva D. Sebaceous adenomas in the absence of Muir-Torre syndrome. Can J Ophthalmol 2016; 51:e152-e153. [PMID: 27769341 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2016.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ikgan Sia
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Saul Rajak
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Craig James
- Adelaide Pathology Partners, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Dinesh Selva
- Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Abstract
Primary optic nerve sheath meningiomas (PONSM) are rare in children. Cystic meningiomas are an uncommon subgroup of meningiomas. We report a case of paediatric PONSM managed using observation alone that underwent cystic change and radiological regression. A 5-year-old girl presented with visual impairment and proptosis. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging demonstrated a PONSM. The patient was left untreated and followed up with regular MR imaging. Repeat imaging at 16 years of age showed the tumour had started to develop cystic change. Repeat imaging at 21 years of age showed the tumour had decreased in size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Narayan
- a South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology and Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Saul Rajak
- b Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Sandy Patel
- b Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- a South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology and Discipline of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences , University of Adelaide , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
- b Royal Adelaide Hospital , Adelaide , South Australia , Australia
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Kokavec J, Rajak S, Huilgol S, Selva D. Pyoderma gangrenosum of the eyelid. Can J Ophthalmol 2016; 51:e58-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Saul Rajak
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
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Varshney J, Rajak S, Ghosh SK, Vishwanadh B, Tewari R, Sastry PU, Kain V, Dey GK. Electrosynthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline UO2 coating from aqueous alkaline electrolyte. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra24658c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, UO2 coating was deposited by direct current (DC) electrolysis from an aqueous electrolyte containing UO2(NO3)2 as source of uranium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Varshney
- Materials Processing and Corrosion Engineering Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - S. Rajak
- Materials Processing and Corrosion Engineering Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - S. K. Ghosh
- Materials Processing and Corrosion Engineering Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - B. Vishwanadh
- Materials Science Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - R. Tewari
- Materials Science Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - P. U. Sastry
- Solid State Physics Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - V. Kain
- Materials Processing and Corrosion Engineering Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
| | - G. K. Dey
- Materials Science Division
- Bhabha Atomic Research Centre
- Mumbai-400 085
- India
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Amjadi S, Rajak S, Solanki H, Selva D. Dacryoadenitis associated with adenoviral keratoconjunctivitis. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015; 44:140-2. [PMID: 26302257 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahriar Amjadi
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Saul Rajak
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Himanshu Solanki
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Adelaide, Australia
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Sia PI, Rajak S, Gilhotra J, Selva D. Elusive intraoptic nerve foreign body. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2015. [PMID: 26211658 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Ikgan Sia
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Saul Rajak
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jagjit Gilhotra
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Dinesh Selva
- South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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41
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Chowdhury HR, Rajak S, Heath D, Brittain P. Optical coherence tomography imaging of the optic nerve head pre optic and post optic nerve sheath fenestration. BMJ Case Rep 2015; 2015:bcr-2014-204511. [PMID: 26150609 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2014-204511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of unknown aetiology, and causes elevated intracranial pressures. This is often associated with papilloedema with subsequent degrees of optic atrophy if the intracranial pressures are not controlled in a timely manner. Optical coherence tomography imaging is widely recognised for its use in the monitoring of optic nerves in glaucoma, and this report is the first to describe its use to monitor the optic nerve head pre optic and post optic nerve sheath fenestration.
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Rajak S, Rajak J, Selva D. Performing a tarsorrhaphy. Community Eye Health 2015; 28:10-1. [PMID: 26435586 PMCID: PMC4579993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Saul Rajak
- Oculoplastic Fellow: South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal I Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia. Honorary lecturer: International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Dinesh Selva
- Professor of Ophthalmology: South Australian Institute of Ophthalmology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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Rajak S, Srivastava C, Bidaye AC, Ghosh SK. Investigation of ferromagnetic layer dissolution characteristics during pulse electrodeposition of FeCoNiCu/Cu multilayers. RUSS J ELECTROCHEM+ 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1023193514010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Boddu SP, Yamsani MR, Potharaju S, Veeraraghavan S, Rajak S, Kuma SVVS, Avery BA, Repka MA, Varanasi VSKK. Influence of grapefruit juice on the pharmacokinetics of diltiazem in Wistar rats upon single and multiple dosage regimens. Pharmazie 2009; 64:525-531. [PMID: 19746842 PMCID: PMC6052858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Drug efflux by intestinal P-glycoprotein (P-gp) is recognized as a significant biochemical barrier affecting oral absorption for a number of drugs apart from the cytochrome P450 3A enzyme. Various conflicting reports have been published regarding the effects of grapefruit juice (GFJ) on P-gp mediated drug efflux, in which GFJ has been shown to have no effect, as an inhibitor effect or activation of the enzyme. Therefore the present study's objective was to provide clarification of previous findings, adopting a two-way approach, involving both single dose and multiple dosage regimens. Diltiazem (DTZ) 15 mg/kg was administered concomitantly with 5 ml/kg of GFJ to one group (n = 6) of male Wistar rats and another group (n = 6) of animals were provided distilled water with DTZ (the control). A third group of rats was administered GFJ orally for six days and on seventh day GFJ and DTZ were administered concomitantly. The Cmax and AUC of DTZ were decreased significantly in the presence of multiple dose treatment of GFJ. These data were also decreased in presence of simultaneous treatment of single dose GFJ. In vitro metabolism studies and gut sac experiments were conducted in order to understand the mechanism involved. In the liver S9 fraction prepared from the rats treated with multiple doses of GFJ, DTZ metabolism was significantly increased compared to the control. Furthermore, the amount of drug transported from the duodenum was reduced in GFJ treated rats compared to that of the control (1581.0 +/- 7.8 nM vs 1084.81 +/- 6.1 nM, respectively). Grapefruit juice was also reported to inhibit the organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP), an influx transporter thus reducing the blood levels of OATP substrates which was evident from the in vitro studies. The amount of drug transported from the duodenum was reduced in the presence of pravastatin, a specific OATP inhibitor (1581.0 +/- 7.8 nM to 1265.0 +/- 5.5 nM). Oral single dose exposure to GFJ showed no effect on P-gp, whereas multiple dose administration of GFJ resulted in increased levels of P-gp expression and decreased levels of OATP, thus showing a varied effect on intestinal absorption, and therefore overcoming the inhibition of DTZ metabolism in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Boddu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA
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Varanasi KKVS, Potharaju S, Rajak S, Veeraraghavan S, Mallick P, Vakkalanka SKVS. Effect of pentoxifylline on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone in Wistar rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 30:537-42. [PMID: 18985182 DOI: 10.1358/mf.2008.30.7.1233243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of pentoxifylline (PTX), an antiplatelet agent, on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone (RSG) in rats. Pharmacokinetic parameters of RSG were determined in rats after oral administration (3 mg/kg/day) in the presence and absence of PTX (10 mg/kg) 3 times daily. Compared to control animals, rats pretreated with PTX for 7 days had a decrease in RSG peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 19% with no change in the values of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC). Alternatively, rats coadministered single-dose PTX did not show any differences from control with regard to RSG Cmax and AUC parameters. The time to peak concentration (tmax) of RSG was significantly increased in rats pretreated with PTX under both single- and multiple-dose conditions, whereas the elimination half-life (t1/2) of RSG was increased only with multiple-dose PTX pretreatment. In conclusion, the presence of PTX was found to cause a slight decrease in the oral exposure of RSG in rats. Concurrent use of PTX with RSG therefore needs to be appropriately evaluated for proper dose adjustments in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K K V S Varanasi
- Division of Pharmacokinetics and Drug Metabolism, Glenmark Research Centre, Mahape, Navi Mumbai, India.
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the effects of tropicamide on chromatic and achromatic contrast sensitivities over the physiological range of spatial frequencies. METHODS A total of 26 healthy volunteers, with a mean age of 32 years, were examined with and without one drop of 1% tropicamide being administered 30 min previously. On each occasion, acuity and pupil diameter were recorded, and chromatic and achromatic contrast sensitivities were examined using the Sussex Grating Machine. RESULTS Following tropicamide administration mean pupil diameter increased from 4.1 mm to 7.2 mm (P<0.001), and mean BCVA was reduced by 0.07 LogMar units (P<0.001). Achromatic contrast sensitivity was significantly reduced following tropicamide administration at 2.20 cycles per degree (cpd) (P=0.01), 3.40 cpd (P=0.01), 10 cpd (P=0.04), 17 cpd (P=0.04), and 25 cpd (P<0.01). There was no difference in contrast sensitivity at lower spatial frequencies (0.33 and 0.66 cpd). Chromatic contrast sensitivity was not significantly altered when tested along the red-green and tritan confusion axes. CONCLUSIONS Achromatic contrast sensitivity is significantly reduced following tropicamide administration at intermediate and high spatial frequencies. No significant changes were seen at low spatial frequencies and in chromatic contrast sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J K Lee
- Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton, East Sussex, UK
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Rajak S, Banerjee SK, Sood S, Dinda AK, Gupta YK, Gupta SK, Maulik SK. Emblica officinalis causes myocardial adaptation and protects against oxidative stress in ischemic-reperfusion injury in rats. Phytother Res 2004; 18:54-60. [PMID: 14750202 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.1367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The fruits of Emblica officinalis (Amla) are widely used in the Indian System of Medicine and are believed to increase defense against disease. In the present study, the effects of chronic oral administration of fresh fruit homogenate of Amla on: (i). myocardial antioxidant system and (ii). oxidative stress induced by ischemic-reperfusion injury (IRI) in rat heart were investigated. Fresh amla fruit homogenate, in three different doses (250, 500 and 750 mg/kg) and normal saline (C) were administered orally to Wistar albino rats (120-150 gms) of either sex daily for 30 days. There was reduction in basal myocardial lipid peroxidation, as evidenced by decreased thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) level, and augmentation of myocardial endogenous antioxidants, like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in the treated rats. Hearts were also subjected to in vitro IRI (9 min of global ischemia, followed by 12 min of reperfusion, Langendorff's mode). Significant myocyte injury and rise in myocardial TBARS along with depletion of SOD, catalase, GSH (reduced glutathione) and GPx occurred in the control group. No significant increase in myocardial TBARS and depletion of antioxidant enzymes were observed in the treated groups. Myocyte injury was evident only in 250 mg/kg group. The results indicate that chronic Emblica officinalis administration causes myocardial adaptation by augmenting endogenous antioxidants and protects rat hearts from oxidative stress associated with ischemic-reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajak
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Darwish B, Rajak S, Wickremesekera A, Hunn M, Balakrishnan V, Braithwaite D, FitzJohn T. Clinical and angiographic outcome after Guglielmi detachable coil embolization of intracranial aneurysms. ANZ J Surg 2003; 73:717-21. [PMID: 12956788 DOI: 10.1046/j.1445-2197.2003.02757.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between July 1997 and April 2001, forty patients underwent Guglielmi detachable coil (GDC) embolization of intracranial aneurysms at Wellington Hospital. METHODS The clinical notes and imaging were reviewed retrospectively. RESULTS Complete initial occlusion was achieved in 28 patients (70%). Eleven patients (27.5%) had small residual neck (>90% occlusion) and one patient (2.5%) had substantial filling of the aneurysm. Follow up angiographic assessment was obtained in 28 patients (70%) of whom 24 patients (85.7%) had no recurrence or stable residual neck and four patients (14.3%) had recurrence or enlargement of the residual neck. Stable occlusion was achieved in 100% of small and medium sized aneurysms and 50% of large and giant aneurysms. Technical complications occurred in 10% including aneurysms perforated in two patients (5%) and presumed parent artery occlusion in another two (5%). CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study demonstrate the safety of GDC embolization. The initial clinical grade at presentation strongly predicted the clinical outcome. Although the number of patients in this study is small, there is evidence that the angiographic outcome is better for small and medium sized aneurysms. Our results are comparable to other published series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balsam Darwish
- Neurosurgical Units, Wellington Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
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