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Beggio G, Bonato T, Marangoni S, Bravin MN, Fantinato E, Nigris S, Pivato A, Piazza R. Uptake and translocation of brominated flame retardants in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.): Results from a standard soil-based biotest. Chemosphere 2024; 353:141594. [PMID: 38432467 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The uptake and translocation of four polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and four novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) were investigated via the RHIZOtest, a standard soil-based biotest, optimized for organic compounds. Tomato plants were exposed to soil samples spiked with 0 (i.e. control), 5.00 or 50.00 ng g-1dw of each compound. Compared of those of the control, exposure to increasing spiking concentrations resulted in average reductions of 13% and 26% (w/w) in tomato plant biomass. Higher concentrations of NBFRs were analyzed both in roots, ranging from 0.23 to 8.01 ng g-1dw for PBDEs and from 1.25 to 18.51 ng g-1dw for NBFRs, and in shoots, ranging from 0.09 to 5.58 ng g-1dw and from 0.47 to 7.78 ng g-1dw for PBDEs and NBFRs, respectively. This corresponded to an average soil uptake of 5% for PBDEs and 9% for NBFRs at the lower soil-spiking level, and 3% for PBDEs and 6% for NBFRs at the higher soil spiking level. Consequently, among both initial spiking levels, the soil-root concentration factor (RCF) values were lower on average for PBDEs (0.13 ± 0.05 g dw soil g-1dw roots) than for NBFRs (0.33 ± 0.16 g dw soil g-1dw roots). Conversely, nondifferent values of the root-shoot transfer factor (TF) were calculated for both PBDEs (0.54 ± 0.13 g dw roots g-1dw shoots) and NBFRs (0.49 ± 0.24 g dw roots g-1dw shoots). The differences and similarities reported in the RCF and TF between and within the two groups of compounds can be explained by their properties. The calculated RCF and TF values of the PBDEs exhibited a decreasing trend as the number of bromine atoms increased. Additionally, a robust negative linear correlation was observed between RCF values and the respective logKow values for the PBDEs, at both soil-spiking levels. The root uptake of NBFRs exhibited a negative correlation with their hydrophobicity; however, this was not observed in the context of root-to-shoot transfer. The presence of a second aromatic ring appears to be the key factor influencing the observed variations in NBFRs, with biphenyl NBFRs (BTBPE and DBDPE) characterized by lower uptake and reduced translocation potential than monophenyl PBEB and HBB. Understanding the transfer of these compounds to crops, especially near plastic recycling waste sites, is crucial for understanding the risks of their potential inclusion in the human food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Beggio
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Tiziano Bonato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, I-30172 Venice, Italy; Società Estense Servizi Ambientali S.E.S.A., Este, PD, Via Comuna, 5/B, 35042 Este, Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Marangoni
- Società Estense Servizi Ambientali S.E.S.A., Este, PD, Via Comuna, 5/B, 35042 Este, Padova, Italy
| | - Matthieu N Bravin
- CIRAD, UPR Recyclage et risque, F-34398 Montpellier, France; Recyclage et risque, Univ Montpellier, CIRAD, Avenue Agropolis, 34398, Montpellier, Cedex 5, France
| | - Edy Fantinato
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, I-30172 Venice, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U.Bassi 58/ B Italy; Botanical Garden Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Orto Botanico, 15, 35123 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Pivato
- Department of Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 9, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Rossano Piazza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, Ca' Foscari University of Venice, Via Torino 155, I-30172 Venice, Italy
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Muto A, Talarico E, D'Apice G, Di Marzo M, Moschin S, Nigris S, Babolin N, Greco E, Araniti F, Chiappetta A, Colombo L, Baldan B, Bruno L. Development of pollinated and unpollinated ovules in Ginkgo biloba: unravelling pollen's role in ovule tissue maturation. J Exp Bot 2024:erae102. [PMID: 38459807 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
In gymnosperms such as Ginkgo biloba, the pollen's arrival plays a key role in ovule development, before fertilization occurs. Accordingly, G. biloba female plants geographically isolated from male plants aborted all their ovules after the pollination drop emission, which is the event that allows the ovule to capture pollen grains. To decipher the mechanism induced by pollination required to avoid ovule senescence and then abortion, we compared the transcriptomic of pollinated and unpollinated ovules at three time points after the end of the emission of pollination drops. Transcriptomic and in situ expression analyses revealed that several key genes involved in programmed cell death such as senescence and apoptosis, DNA replication, and cell cycle were differentially expressed in unpollinated ovules compared to pollinated ones. Interestingly, we provided evidence that the pollen captured by the pollination drop affects auxin local accumulation and might cause the deregulation of key genes required for ovule's programmed cell death and activating both the cell cycle and DNA replication genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Muto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata of Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Emanuela Talarico
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata of Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Greta D'Apice
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, 25123 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Maurizio Di Marzo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Moschin
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, 25123 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, 25123 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Babolin
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Eleonora Greco
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata of Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Adriana Chiappetta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata of Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, 25123 Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, 87036 Arcavacata of Rende (CS), Italy
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Stevenson DW, Ramakrishnan S, de Santis Alves C, Coelho LA, Kramer M, Goodwin S, Ramos OM, Eshel G, Sondervan VM, Frangos S, Zumajo-Cardona C, Jenike K, Ou S, Wang X, Lee YP, Loke S, Rossetto M, McPherson H, Nigris S, Moschin S, Little DP, Katari MS, Varala K, Kolokotronis SO, Ambrose B, Croft LJ, Coruzzi GM, Schatz M, McCombie WR, Martienssen RA. The genome of the Wollemi pine, a critically endangered "living fossil" unchanged since the Cretaceous, reveals extensive ancient transposon activity. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.24.554647. [PMID: 37662366 PMCID: PMC10473749 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the genome of the living fossil, Wollemia nobilis, a southern hemisphere conifer morphologically unchanged since the Cretaceous. Presumed extinct until rediscovery in 1994, the Wollemi pine is critically endangered with less than 60 wild adults threatened by intensifying bushfires in the Blue Mountains of Australia. The 12 Gb genome is among the most contiguous large plant genomes assembled, with extremely low heterozygosity and unusual abundance of DNA transposons. Reduced representation and genome re-sequencing of individuals confirms a relictual population since the last major glacial/drying period in Australia, 120 ky BP. Small RNA and methylome sequencing reveal conservation of ancient silencing mechanisms despite the presence of thousands of active and abundant transposons, including some transferred horizontally to conifers from arthropods in the Jurassic. A retrotransposon burst 8-6 my BP coincided with population decline, possibly as an adaptation enhancing epigenetic diversity. Wollemia, like other conifers, is susceptible to Phytophthora, and a suite of defense genes, similar to those in loblolly pine, are targeted for silencing by sRNAs in leaves. The genome provides insight into the earliest seed plants, while enabling conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristiane de Santis Alves
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Laís Araujo Coelho
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Institute for Genomics in Health; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USA
| | - Melissa Kramer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Sara Goodwin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | | | - Gil Eshel
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | | | - Samantha Frangos
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | | | - Katherine Jenike
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shujun Ou
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaojin Wang
- Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yin Peng Lee
- Charles River Laboratories Australia, 17-19 Hi-Tech Ct, Kilsyth VIC 3137, Australia
| | - Stella Loke
- Charles River Laboratories Australia, 17-19 Hi-Tech Ct, Kilsyth VIC 3137, Australia
| | - Maurizio Rossetto
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Hannah McPherson
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Botanic Garden, Mount Annan, NSW 2567, Australia
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; and Botanical Garden, Università degli studi di Padova, via Orto Botanico 15, 35123 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Moschin
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; and Botanical Garden, Università degli studi di Padova, via Orto Botanico 15, 35123 Padova, Italy
| | - Damon P. Little
- The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Manpreet S. Katari
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Kranthi Varala
- Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Institute for Genomics in Health; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USA
| | - Barbara Ambrose
- The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Larry J. Croft
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Gloria M. Coruzzi
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Michael Schatz
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Robert A. Martienssen
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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D'Apice G, Moschin S, Nigris S, Ciarle R, Muto A, Bruno L, Baldan B. Identification of key regulatory genes involved in the sporophyte and gametophyte development in Ginkgo biloba ovules revealed by in situ expression analyses. Am J Bot 2022; 109:887-898. [PMID: 35506584 PMCID: PMC9322462 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.1862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE In Arabidopsis thaliana, the role of the most important key genes that regulate ovule development is widely known. In nonmodel species, and especially in gymnosperms, the ovule developmental processes are still quite obscure. In this study, we describe the putative roles of Ginkgo biloba orthologs of regulatory genes during ovule development. Specifically, we studied AGAMOUS (AG), AGAMOUS-like 6 (AGL6), AINTEGUMENTA (ANT), BELL1 (BEL1), Class III HD-Zip, and YABBY Ginkgo genes. METHODS We analyzed their expression domains through in situ hybridizations on two stages of ovule development: the very early stage that corresponds to the ovule primordium, still within wintering buds, and the late stage at pollination time. RESULTS GBM5 (Ginkgo ortholog of AG), GbMADS8 (ortholog of AGL6) and GbC3HDZ1-2-3 were expressed in both the stages of ovule development, while GbMADS1, GbAGL6-like genes (orthologs of AGL6), GbBEL1-2 and YABBY Ginkgo orthologs (GbiYAB1B and GbiYABC) seem mostly involved at pollination time. GbANTL1 was not expressed in the studied stages and was different from GbANTL2 and GbBEL1, which seem to be involved at both stages of ovule development. In Ginkgo, the investigated genes display patterns of expression only partially comparable to those of other studied seed plants. CONCLUSIONS The expression of most of these regulatory genes in the female gametophyte region at pollination time leads to suggest a communication between the sporophytic maternal tissue and the developing female gametophyte, as demonstrated for well-studied model angiosperms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta D'Apice
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadova35123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadova35131Italy
| | - Silvia Moschin
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadova35123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadova35131Italy
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadova35123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadova35131Italy
| | - Riccardo Ciarle
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadova35123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadova35131Italy
| | - Antonella Muto
- Department of BiologyEcology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata of RendeCS87036Italy
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of BiologyEcology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata of RendeCS87036Italy
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadova35123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadova35131Italy
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5
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D’Apice G, Moschin S, Araniti F, Nigris S, Di Marzo M, Muto A, Banfi C, Bruno L, Colombo L, Baldan B. The role of pollination in controlling Ginkgo biloba ovule development. New Phytol 2021; 232:2353-2368. [PMID: 34558676 PMCID: PMC9292720 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Generally, in gymnosperms, pollination and fertilization events are temporally separated and the developmental processes leading the switch from ovule integument into seed coat are still unknown. The single ovule integument of Ginkgo biloba acquires the typical characteristics of the seed coat long before the fertilization event. In this study, we investigated whether pollination triggers the transformation of the ovule integument into the seed coat. Transcriptomics and metabolomics analyses performed on ovules just prior and after pollination lead to the identification of changes occurring in Ginkgo ovules during this specific time. A morphological atlas describing the developmental stages of ovule development is presented. The metabolic pathways involved in the lignin biosynthesis and in the production of fatty acids are activated upon pollination, suggesting that the ovule integument starts its differentiation into a seed coat before the fertilization. Omics analyses allowed an accurate description of the main changes that occur in Ginkgo ovules during the pollination time frame, suggesting the crucial role of the pollen arrival on the progression of ovule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta D’Apice
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadua25123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadua35121Italy
| | - Silvia Moschin
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadua25123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadua35121Italy
| | - Fabrizio Araniti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental SciencesUniversity of MilanoMilan20133Italy
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadua25123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadua35121Italy
| | | | - Antonella Muto
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST)University of CalabriaArcavacata of RendeCS87036Italy
| | - Camilla Banfi
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanoMilan20133Italy
| | - Leonardo Bruno
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DiBEST)University of CalabriaArcavacata of RendeCS87036Italy
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Department of BiosciencesUniversity of MilanoMilan20133Italy
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Botanical GardenUniversity of PadovaPadua25123Italy
- Department of BiologyUniversity of PadovaPadua35121Italy
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Moschin S, Nigris S, Ezquer I, Masiero S, Cagnin S, Cortese E, Colombo L, Casadoro G, Baldan B. Expression and Functional Analyses of Nymphaea caerulea MADS-Box Genes Contribute to Clarify the Complex Flower Patterning of Water Lilies. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:730270. [PMID: 34630477 PMCID: PMC8492926 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.730270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Nymphaeaceae are early diverging angiosperms with large flowers characterized by showy petals and stamens not clearly whorled but presenting a gradual morphological transition from the outer elements to the inner stamens. Such flower structure makes these plant species relevant for studying flower evolution. MADS-domain transcription factors are crucial components of the molecular network that controls flower development. We therefore isolated and characterized MADS-box genes from the water lily Nymphaea caerulea. RNA-seq experiments on floral buds have been performed to obtain the transcript sequences of floral organ identity MADS-box genes. Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses confirmed their belonging to specific MADS-box gene subfamilies. Their expression was quantified by RT-qPCR in all floral organs at two stages of development. Protein interactions among these transcription factors were investigated by yeast-two-hybrid assays. We found especially interesting the involvement of two different AGAMOUS-like genes (NycAG1 and NycAG2) in the water lily floral components. They were therefore functionally characterized by complementing Arabidopsis ag and shp1 shp2 mutants. The expression analysis of MADS-box genes across flower development in N. caerulea described a complex scenario made of numerous genes in numerous floral components. Their expression profiles in some cases were in line with what was expected from the ABC model of flower development and its extensions, while in other cases presented new and interesting gene expression patterns, as for instance the involvement of NycAGL6 and NycFL. Although sharing a high level of sequence similarity, the two AGAMOUS-like genes NycAG1 and NycAG2 could have undergone subfunctionalization or neofunctionalization, as only one of them could partially restore the euAG function in Arabidopsis ag-3 mutants. The hereby illustrated N. caerulea MADS-box gene expression pattern might mirror the morphological transition from the outer to the inner floral organs, and the presence of transition organs such as the petaloid stamens. This study is intended to broaden knowledge on the role and evolution of floral organ identity genes and the genetic mechanisms causing biodiversity in angiosperm flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Moschin
- Botanical Garden, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Botanical Garden, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Ignacio Ezquer
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Masiero
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Stefano Cagnin
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Enrico Cortese
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Barbara Baldan
- Botanical Garden, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Nigris S, Baldan E, Tondello A, Zanella F, Vitulo N, Favaro G, Guidolin V, Bordin N, Telatin A, Barizza E, Marcato S, Zottini M, Squartini A, Valle G, Baldan B. Biocontrol traits of Bacillus licheniformis GL174, a culturable endophyte of Vitis vinifera cv. Glera. BMC Microbiol 2018; 18:133. [PMID: 30326838 PMCID: PMC6192205 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-018-1306-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacillus licheniformis GL174 is a culturable endophytic strain isolated from Vitis vinifera cultivar Glera, the grapevine mainly cultivated for the Prosecco wine production. This strain was previously demonstrated to possess some specific plant growth promoting traits but its endophytic attitude and its role in biocontrol was only partially explored. In this study, the potential biocontrol action of the strain was investigated in vitro and in vivo and, by genome sequence analyses, putative functions involved in biocontrol and plant-bacteria interaction were assessed. Results Firstly, to confirm the endophytic behavior of the strain, its ability to colonize grapevine tissues was demonstrated and its biocontrol properties were analyzed. Antagonism test results showed that the strain could reduce and inhibit the mycelium growth of diverse plant pathogens in vitro and in vivo. The strain was demonstrated to produce different molecules of the lipopeptide class; moreover, its genome was sequenced, and analysis of the sequences revealed the presence of many protein-coding genes involved in the biocontrol process, such as transporters, plant-cell lytic enzymes, siderophores and other secondary metabolites. Conclusions This step-by-step analysis shows that Bacillus licheniformis GL174 may be a good biocontrol agent candidate, and describes some distinguished traits and possible key elements involved in this process. The use of this strain could potentially help grapevine plants to cope with pathogen attacks and reduce the amount of chemicals used in the vineyard. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12866-018-1306-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastiano Nigris
- Botanical Garden and Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Baldan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Nicola Vitulo
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Gabriella Favaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Bordin
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Squartini
- DAFNAE Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - Giorgio Valle
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Botanical Garden and Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
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Moscatiello R, Sello S, Ruocco M, Barbulova A, Cortese E, Nigris S, Baldan B, Chiurazzi M, Mariani P, Lorito M, Navazio L. The Hydrophobin HYTLO1 Secreted by the Biocontrol Fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum Triggers a NAADP-Mediated Calcium Signalling Pathway in Lotus japonicus. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2596. [PMID: 30200468 PMCID: PMC6164116 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Trichoderma filamentous fungi are increasingly used as biocontrol agents and plant biostimulants. Growing evidence indicates that part of the beneficial effects is mediated by the activity of fungal metabolites on the plant host. We have investigated the mechanism of plant perception of HYTLO1, a hydrophobin abundantly secreted by Trichoderma longibrachiatum, which may play an important role in the early stages of the plant-fungus interaction. Aequorin-expressing Lotus japonicus suspension cell cultures responded to HYTLO1 with a rapid cytosolic Ca2+ increase that dissipated within 30 min, followed by the activation of the defence-related genes MPK3, WRK33, and CP450. The Ca2+-dependence of these gene expression was demonstrated by using the extracellular Ca2+ chelator EGTA and Ned-19, a potent inhibitor of the nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) receptor in animal cells, which effectively blocked the HYTLO1-induced Ca2+ elevation. Immunocytochemical analyses showed the localization of the fungal hydrophobin at the plant cell surface, where it forms a protein film covering the plant cell wall. Our data demonstrate the Ca2+-mediated perception by plant cells of a key metabolite secreted by a biocontrol fungus, and provide the first evidence of the involvement of NAADP-gated Ca2+ release in a signalling pathway triggered by a biotic stimulus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Moscatiello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Simone Sello
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Michelina Ruocco
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, CNR, Via Università 133, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Ani Barbulova
- Institute of BioSciences and BioResourses, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Enrico Cortese
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Via Orto Botanico 15, 35123 Padova, Italy.
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Via Orto Botanico 15, 35123 Padova, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Chiurazzi
- Institute of BioSciences and BioResourses, CNR, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Paola Mariani
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
| | - Matteo Lorito
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Napoli "Federico II", Via Università 100, 80055 Portici (NA), Italy.
| | - Lorella Navazio
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy.
- Botanical Garden, University of Padova, Via Orto Botanico 15, 35123 Padova, Italy.
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Forin N, Nigris S, Voyron S, Girlanda M, Vizzini A, Casadoro G, Baldan B. Next Generation Sequencing of Ancient Fungal Specimens: The Case of the Saccardo Mycological Herbarium. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Favaro G, Bogialli S, Di Gangi IM, Nigris S, Baldan E, Squartini A, Pastore P, Baldan B. Characterization of lipopeptides produced by Bacillus licheniformis using liquid chromatography with accurate tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2016; 30:2237-2252. [PMID: 27487987 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.7705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The plant endophyte Bacillus licheniformis, isolated from leaves of Vitis vinifera, was studied to individuate and characterize the presence of bioactive lipopeptides having amino acidic structures. METHODS Crude extracts of liquid cultures were analyzed by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight (QTOF) mass analyzer. Chromatographic conditions were optimized in order to obtain an efficient separation of the different isobaric lipopeptides, avoiding merged fragmentations of co-eluted isomeric compounds and reducing possible cross-talk phenomena. Composition of the amino acids was outlined through the interpretation of the fragmentation behavior in tandem high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS/MS) mode, which showed both common-class and peculiar fragment ions. Both [M + H](+) and [M + Na](+) precursor ions were fragmented in order to differentiate some isobaric amino acids, i.e. Leu/Ile. Neutral losses characteristic of the iso acyl chain were also evidenced. RESULTS More than 90 compounds belonging to the classes of surfactins and lichenysins, known as biosurfactant molecules, were detected. Sequential LC/HRMS/MS analysis was used to identify linear and cyclic lipopeptides, and to single out the presence of a large number of isomers not previously reported. Some critical issues related to the simultaneous selection of different compounds by the quadrupole filter were highlighted and partially solved, leading to tentative assignments of several structures. Linear lichenysins are described here for the first time. CONCLUSIONS The approach was proved to be useful for the characterization of non-target lipopeptides, and proposes a rationale MS experimental scheme aimed to investigate the difference in amino acid sequence and/or in the acyl chain of the various congeners, when standards are not available. Results expanded the knowledge about production of linear and cyclic bioactive compounds from Bacillus licheniformis, clarifying the structures of isomeric forms, and enabling the use of selected endophytes to produce fungicides for eco-friendly biocontrol. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Favaro
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Iole Maria Di Gangi
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Enrico Baldan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Department of Agronomy, Animals, Food, Natural Resources and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, 35020, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Paolo Pastore
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, via Marzolo 1, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131, Padova, Italy
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Baldan E, Nigris S, Romualdi C, D’Alessandro S, Clocchiatti A, Zottini M, Stevanato P, Squartini A, Baldan B. Beneficial Bacteria Isolated from Grapevine Inner Tissues Shape Arabidopsis thaliana Roots. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140252. [PMID: 26473358 PMCID: PMC4652591 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the potential plant growth-promoting traits of 377 culturable endophytic bacteria, isolated from Vitis vinifera cv. Glera, as good biofertilizer candidates in vineyard management. Endophyte ability in promoting plant growth was assessed in vitro by testing ammonia production, phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and IAA-like molecule biosynthesis, siderophore and lytic enzyme secretion. Many of the isolates were able to mobilize phosphate (33%), release ammonium (39%), secrete siderophores (38%) and a limited part of them synthetized IAA and IAA-like molecules (5%). Effects of each of the 377 grapevine beneficial bacteria on Arabidopsis thaliana root development were also analyzed to discern plant growth-promoting abilities (PGP) of the different strains, that often exhibit more than one PGP trait. A supervised model-based clustering analysis highlighted six different classes of PGP effects on root architecture. A. thaliana DR5::GUS plantlets, inoculated with IAA-producing endophytes, resulted in altered root growth and enhanced auxin response. Overall, the results indicate that the Glera PGP endospheric culturable microbiome could contribute, by structural root changes, to obtain water and nutrients increasing plant adaptation and survival. From the complete cultivable collection, twelve promising endophytes mainly belonging to the Bacillus but also to Micrococcus and Pantoea genera, were selected for further investigations in the grapevine host plants towards future application in sustainable management of vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Baldan
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Romualdi
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Anna Clocchiatti
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Michela Zottini
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Piergiorgio Stevanato
- Dipartimento DAFNAE - Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Andrea Squartini
- Dipartimento DAFNAE - Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment, Legnaro (PD), Italy
| | - Barbara Baldan
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Universita degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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