1
|
Kahraman G, Harsa S, Casiraghi MC, Lucisano M, Cappa C. Impact of Raw, Roasted and Dehulled Chickpea Flours on Technological and Nutritional Characteristics of Gluten-Free Bread. Foods 2022; 11:foods11020199. [PMID: 35053930 PMCID: PMC8774402 DOI: 10.3390/foods11020199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to develop a healthy rice-based gluten-free bread by using raw, roasted, or dehulled chickpea flours. All breads containing chickpea flours showed a darker crust and were characterized by an alveolar (porosity 41.5–51.4%) and soft crumb (hardness 5.5-14.1 N). Roasted chickpea flour bread exhibited the highest specific volume, the softest crumb, and the slowest staling rate. Enriching rice-based breads with the chickpea flours resulted in increased protein (from 9.72 to 12.03–13.21 g/100 g dm), ash (from 2.01 to 2.45–2.78 g/100 g dm), fat (from 1.61 to 4.58–5.86 g/100 g), and total phenolic contents (from 49.36 up to 80.52 mg GAE/100 g dm), and in reduced (~10–14% and 13.7–17%, respectively) available starch levels and rapidly digestible starch compared to rice bread. Breads with roasted chickpea flour also showed the highest in vitro protein digestibility. The results of this study indicated that the enrichment of rice-based gluten-free breads with chickpea flours improved the technological and nutritional quality of the breads differently according to the processed chickpea flour used, also allowing recovery of a waste product.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gokcen Kahraman
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35430, Turkey;
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.C.); (M.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Sebnem Harsa
- Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35430, Turkey;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +90-232-750-6903
| | - Maria Cristina Casiraghi
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.C.); (M.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Mara Lucisano
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.C.); (M.L.); (C.C.)
| | - Carola Cappa
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.C.C.); (M.L.); (C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Kahraman G, Harsa S, Lucisano M, Cappa C. Physicochemical and rheological properties of rice-based gluten-free blends containing differently treated chickpea flours. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.08.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
3
|
Erkus O, Okuklu B, Yenidunya AF, Harsa S. High genetic and phenotypic variability of Streptococcus thermophilus strains isolated from artisanal Yuruk yoghurts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2013.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
4
|
Aydin A, Muratoglu K, Sudagidan M, Bostan K, Okuklu B, Harsa S. Prevalence and Antibiotic Resistance of Foodborne Staphylococcus aureus Isolates in Turkey. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2011; 8:63-9. [DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2010.0613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Aydin
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Karlo Muratoglu
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mert Sudagidan
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Central Research Laboratory, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Kamil Bostan
- Department of Food Hygiene and Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, Avcilar, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burcu Okuklu
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Sebnem Harsa
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
|
6
|
Tari C, Ustok FI, Harsa S. Optimization of the associative growth of novel yoghurt cultures in the production of biomass, β-galactosidase and lactic acid using response surface methodology. Int Dairy J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2008.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
7
|
Cinar C, Apaydin O, Yenidunya AF, Harsa S, Gunes H. Isolation and characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains from olive-related habitats in Turkey. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 104:515-25. [PMID: 17927757 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate Bacillus thuringiensis strains from different olive-related habitats (olive groves and olive oil factories) in Turkey and to characterize these strains by molecular methods. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 150 samples, consisting of olive grove soil, green olive leaves, olive leaf residues, animal faeces, olive pomace and dust, were examined for the presence of B. thuringiensis. One hundred B. thuringiensis strains were isolated from 54 environmental samples (36%) and characterized in terms of crystal morphology, cry and cyt gene content by polymerase chain reaction, plasmid profiles and 16S-internal transcribed spacer ribosomal DNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (16S-ITS rDNA RFLP). The highest percentage of samples containing B. thuringiensis was found in 38 out of 54 total soil samples (70%). Of the 100 B. thuringiensis isolates, the most frequent crystal shapes were irregularly shaped (24%), spherical-irregular pointed (19%), cuboidal (17%) and spherical (16%). The cry1 plus cry4 genotype was the most abundant genotype in our collection (21%). RFLP analysis of the amplified 16S-ITS rDNA revealed 11 distinct patterns for the isolates and 10 reference strains. CONCLUSIONS Bacillus thuringiensis isolates showed a great genetic diversity and crystal shape heterogeneity. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first study on the isolation and characterization of B. thuringiensis from olive-related habitats in Turkey. No correlation was observed between the cry genotypes and insecticidal crystal shapes of the isolates. Restriction profiles of 23% of the isolates were found to be different from those of the 10 reference strains used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Cinar
- Biotechnology Programme, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ustok FI, Tari C, Harsa S. Effect of symbiotic relationship of Lactobacillus bulgaricus 77 and Streptococcus thermophilus 95/2 on beta-galactosidase and lactic acid production. J Biotechnol 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2007.07.405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
9
|
Bulut C, Gunes H, Okuklu B, Harsa S, Kilic S, Coban HS, Yenidunya AF. Homofermentative lactic acid bacteria of a traditional cheese, Comlek peyniri from Cappadocia region. J DAIRY RES 2005; 72:19-24. [PMID: 15747727 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029904000536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Comlek peyniri is a typical artisanal cheese in Central Anatolia. This type of cheese was made by using the indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) flora of cow or ewes' milk. Majority of the samples were taken from fresh cheese because the aim was to isolate homofermentative LAB. Initially 661 microbial isolates were obtained from 17 cheese samples. Only 107 were found to be homofermentative LAB. These isolates were selected and identified by using both phenotypic and molecular methods. Phenotypic identification included curd formation from skim milk, catalase test, Gram staining and light microscopy, growth at different temperatures and salt concentrations, arginine hydrolysis, gas production from glucose, and carbohydrate fermentation. Molecular identification was based on the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) of the 16S rRNA gene-ITS (internally transcribed spacer) region. By combining the phenotypic and molecular identification results, isolates belonging to each of the following genera were determined at species or subspecies level: 54 Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis, 21 Enterococcus faecium, 3 Ec. faecalis, 2 Ec. durans, 10 Ec. sp., 15 Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, and 2 Lb. casei strains. Technological characterisation was also performed by culturing each of the strains in UHT skim milk, and by monitoring pH change and lactic acid production at certain time intervals through the 24 h incubation. Results of the technological characterisation indicated that 33% of the isolates (35 strains) were capable of lowering the pH of UHT milk below 5.3 after 6 h incubation at 30 degrees C. Thirty four of these strains were Lc. lactis subsp. lactis, and only one was an Ec. faecium strain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cisem Bulut
- Izmir Institute of Technology, Biotechnology Programme, 35430 Gulbahce, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yavuz E, Gunes H, Harsa S, Yenidunya AF. Identification of extracellular enzyme producing thermophilic bacilli from Balcova (Agamemnon) geothermal site by ITS rDNA RFLP. J Appl Microbiol 2005; 97:810-7. [PMID: 15357731 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02374.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Molecular characterization of extracellular enzyme producing thermophilic bacilli from Balcova geothermal site. METHODS AND RESULTS Three types of geothermal samples were collected: mud, re-injection water, and samples from uncontrolled hydrothermal vents. Isolates grown at 55 degrees C in culture media prepared in sterilized re-injection water, were screened for extracellular enzyme activity by using eight different substrates: casein, carboxymethylcellulose, pectin, polygalacturonic acid (PGA), soluble starch, Tween 20 and 80, and xylan. In total, 109 thermoaerophilic isolates were selected. All of the isolates could hydrolyse Tween 20 (100%) but not Tween 80. Soluble starch was hydrolysed by 96%, casein by 55%, xylan and carboxymethylcellulose by 9%, and pectin and PGA by 2% of the isolates. The isolates were grouped into 14 different homology groups by the restriction pattern analysis of 16S-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA RFLP. Each of the RFLP groups was also studied by 16S rRNA gene partial sequence analysis. Plasmid DNA profiles revealed that 15 of the isolated strains contained small plasmid DNA molecules ranging in size from 12 000 to 35 000 bp. CONCLUSIONS Combined analysis of 16S-ITS rDNA RFLP and 16S rRNA gene partial sequence results indicated the presence of novel or existing species of Anoxybacillus (nine species) and Geobacillus (three species). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY In this study 16S-ITS rDNA RFLP was applied for the first time to differentiate thermophilic bacilli. It was also the first study on thermophilic bacilli of Balcova geothermal site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Yavuz
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Programme, Science Faculty, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yavuz E, Gunes H, Harsa S, Bulut C, Fazil yenidunya A. Optimization of pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) conditions for thermophilic bacilli. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-004-1004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
12
|
Akbalik G, Gunes H, Yavuz E, Yasa I, Harsa S, Elmaci ZS, Yenidunya AF. Identification of extracellular enzyme producing alkalophilic bacilli from Izmir province by 16S-ITS rDNA RFLP. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 97:766-73. [PMID: 15357726 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02357.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To screen industrially important extracellular enzymes from the newly isolated alkalophilic bacilli and to characterize them by phenotypic and 16S-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA restriction pattern analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS Three different environmental samples, soil, leather and horse faeces, were collected within the province of Izmir. Isolates grown on Horikoshi-I medium for 24 h at 37 degrees C were screened for extracellular enzyme activity by using eight different substrates: birchwood xylan, carboxymethylcellulose, casein, citrus pectin, polygalacturonic acid, soluble starch, and Tween 20 and 80. In total, 115 extracellular enzyme-producing bacilli were obtained. Casein was hydrolysed by 78%, soluble starch by 67%, citrus pectin by 63%, polygalacturonic acid by 62%, Tween 20 by 34%, birchwood xylan by 16%, Tween 80 by 12%, and carboxymethylcellulose by 3% of the isolates. The isolates were differentiated into 19 distinct homology groups by the 16S-ITS rDNA restriction pattern analysis. CONCLUSIONS Eight different extracellular enzyme activities were determined in 115 endospore forming bacilli. The largest 16S-ITS rDNA homology group (HT1) included 36% of the isolates, 98% of which degraded casein, polygalacturonic acid, pectin and starch. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study is the first report on the characterization of the industrial enzyme-producing alkalophilic bacilli by 16S-ITS rDNA restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). Restriction profiles of 64% of the isolates were found to be different from those of five reference strains used.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Akbalik
- Biotechnology and Bioengineering Programme, Science Faculty, Izmir Institute of Technology, Gulbahce, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
|
14
|
|
15
|
|
16
|
|
17
|
Abstract
New results are presented on the equilibria and kinetics of the ion exchange onto CM-Sephadex of polygalacturonase (pectinase) produced by the fermentation of Kluyveromyces marxianus. It is found that the equilibrium behavior follows the form of the Langmuir isotherm; the equilibrium is strongly affected by pH. High partitioning onto the ion-exchange matrix, with good retention of enzyme activity, is achieved in the pH range 3.5-5.0, and this can be qualitatively explained in terms of simple models for protein adsorption by ion exchange. The kinetics of ion exchange is modeled by assuming that the transfer resistances can be lumped into a single coefficient, and the results show that this gives a reasonable description of the adsorption kinetics. Under optimum conditions protein adsorption is enhanced by electrostatic effects and is extremely fast, and it is suggested that in these circumstances external mass transfer resistance is significant. At pH values close to the isoelectric point, electrostatic interactions are weak and intraparticle diffusion is rate-limiting: pore-blocking by adsorbed proteins appears to be important under these conditions. The results also provide the basis for an efficient single-step purification scheme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Harsa
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Reading, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|