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Lapitskaya V, Nikolaev A, Khabarava A, Sadyrin E, Antipov P, Abdulvakhidov K, Aizikovich S, Chizhik S. The Influence of Nitrogen Flow on the Stoichiometric Composition, Structure, Mechanical, and Microtribological Properties of TiN Coatings. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:120. [PMID: 38203974 PMCID: PMC10779842 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing reactive DC magnetron sputtering method, TiN coatings were deposited on the silicon substrates at different nitrogen flows and powers. A study of the X-ray phase composition of the coatings was carried out. The stoichiometric composition of the coatings was determined using energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The structure of the surface, cross-section, and thickness of the coatings were determined using scanning electron (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). A significant change in the surface structure of TiN coatings was established with changes in deposition power and nitrogen flow. SEM images of cross-sections of all coated samples showed that the formation of coatings occurs in the form of a columnar structure with a perpendicular orientation relative to the silicon substrate. The mechanical properties (elastic modulus E and microhardness H) of TiN coatings of the first group demonstrate a maximum at a nitrogen flow of 3 sccm and are 184 ± 11 GPa and 15.7 ± 1.3 GPa, respectively. In the second group, the values of E and H increase due to a decrease in the size of the structural elements of the coating (grains and crystallites). In the third group, E and H decrease. Microtribological tests were carried out in 4 stages: at a constant load, multi-cycle for 10 and 100 cycles, and with increasing load. The coefficient of friction (CoF) and specific volumetric wear ω depend on the roughness, topology, and mechanical properties of the resulting coatings. Fracture toughness was determined using nanoscratch and depends on the mechanical properties of TiN coatings. Within each group, coatings with the best mechanical and microtribological properties were described: in the first group-TiN coating at 3 sccm (with (29.6 ± 0.1) at.% N), in the second group-TiN coating at 2 sccm (with (40.8 ± 0.2) at.% N), and in the third group-TiN coating at 1 sccm (c (37.3 ± 0.2) at.% N).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasilina Lapitskaya
- Nanoprocesses and Technology Laboratory, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy of Science of Belarus, 15 P. Brovki str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Andrey Nikolaev
- Research and Education Center “Materials”, Don State Technical University, 1 Gagarin sq., 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.N.); (E.S.); (P.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Anastasiya Khabarava
- Nanoprocesses and Technology Laboratory, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy of Science of Belarus, 15 P. Brovki str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Evgeniy Sadyrin
- Research and Education Center “Materials”, Don State Technical University, 1 Gagarin sq., 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.N.); (E.S.); (P.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Pavel Antipov
- Research and Education Center “Materials”, Don State Technical University, 1 Gagarin sq., 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.N.); (E.S.); (P.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Kamaludin Abdulvakhidov
- International Research Institute for Smart Materials, Southern Federal University, Sladkova 178/24, 344090 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Sergei Aizikovich
- Research and Education Center “Materials”, Don State Technical University, 1 Gagarin sq., 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia; (A.N.); (E.S.); (P.A.); (S.A.)
| | - Sergei Chizhik
- Nanoprocesses and Technology Laboratory, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute, National Academy of Science of Belarus, 15 P. Brovki str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (A.K.); (S.C.)
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Melnikova G, Kuznetsova T, Lapitskaya V, Petrovskaya A, Chizhik S, Zykova A, Safonov V, Aizikovich S, Sadyrin E, Sun W, Yakovin S. Nanomechanical and Nanotribological Properties of Nanostructured Coatings of Tantalum and Its Compounds on Steel Substrates. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2021; 11:nano11092407. [PMID: 34578722 PMCID: PMC8467422 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The present paper addresses the problem of identification of microstructural, nanomechanical, and tribological properties of thin films of tantalum (Ta) and its compounds deposited on stainless steel substrates by direct current magnetron sputtering. The compositions of the obtained nanostructured films were determined by energy dispersive spectroscopy. Surface morphology was investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The coatings were found to be homogeneous and have low roughness values (<10 nm). The values of microhardness and elastic modulus were obtained by means of nanoindentation. Elastic modulus values for all the coatings remained unchanged with different atomic percentage of tantalum in the films. The values of microhardness of the tantalum films were increased after incorporation of the oxygen and nitrogen atoms into the crystal lattice of the coatings. The coefficient of friction, CoF, was determined by the AFM method in the "sliding" and "plowing" modes. Deposition of the coatings on the substrates led to a decrease of CoF for the coating-substrate system compared to the substrates; thus, the final product utilizing such a coating will presumably have a longer service life. The tantalum nitride films were characterized by the smallest values of CoF and specific volumetric wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Melnikova
- Laboratory of Nanoprocesses and Technologies, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 15 P. Brovki Str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (G.M.); (T.K.); (V.L.); (A.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Tatyana Kuznetsova
- Laboratory of Nanoprocesses and Technologies, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 15 P. Brovki Str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (G.M.); (T.K.); (V.L.); (A.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Vasilina Lapitskaya
- Laboratory of Nanoprocesses and Technologies, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 15 P. Brovki Str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (G.M.); (T.K.); (V.L.); (A.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Agata Petrovskaya
- Laboratory of Nanoprocesses and Technologies, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 15 P. Brovki Str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (G.M.); (T.K.); (V.L.); (A.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Sergei Chizhik
- Laboratory of Nanoprocesses and Technologies, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 15 P. Brovki Str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (G.M.); (T.K.); (V.L.); (A.P.); (S.C.)
| | - Anna Zykova
- National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, 1 Akademicheskaya Str., 61108 Kharkov, Ukraine; (A.Z.); (V.S.)
- V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkov, Ukraine;
| | - Vladimir Safonov
- National Science Center “Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology”, 1 Akademicheskaya Str., 61108 Kharkov, Ukraine; (A.Z.); (V.S.)
- V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkov, Ukraine;
| | - Sergei Aizikovich
- Research and Education Center “Materials”, Don State Technical University, 1 Gagarin Sq., 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (E.S.); Tel.: +7-863-238-15-58 (S.A. & E.S.)
| | - Evgeniy Sadyrin
- Research and Education Center “Materials”, Don State Technical University, 1 Gagarin Sq., 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia
- Correspondence: (S.A.); (E.S.); Tel.: +7-863-238-15-58 (S.A. & E.S.)
| | - Weifu Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
- Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Stanislav Yakovin
- V.N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, 4 Svobody Sq., 61022 Kharkov, Ukraine;
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Kuznetsova T, Lapitskaya V, Khabarava A, Chizhik S, Warcholinski B, Gilewicz A, Kuprin A, Aizikovich S, Mitrin B. Effect of Metallic or Non-Metallic Element Addition on Surface Topography and Mechanical Properties of CrN Coatings. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2361. [PMID: 33260995 PMCID: PMC7761171 DOI: 10.3390/nano10122361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Alteration of the phase composition of a coating and/or its surface topography can be achieved by changing the deposition technology and/or introducing additional elements into the coating. Investigation of the effect of the composition of CrN-based coatings (including AlCrN and CrON) on the microparticle height and volume, as well as the construction of correlations between the friction coefficient at the microscale and the geometry of microparticles, are the goals of this study. We use atomic force microscopy (AFM), which is the most effective method of investigation with nanometer resolution. By revealing the morphology, AFM allows one to determine the diameter of the particles, their heights and volumes and to identify different phases in the studied area by contrasted properties. The evaluation of the distribution of mechanical properties (modulus of elasticity E and microhardness H) on the surfaces of multiphase coatings with microparticles is carried out by using the nanoindentation method. It is found that the roughness decreases with an increase in the Al concentration in AlCrN. For the CrON coatings, the opposite effect is observed. Similar conclusions are valid for the size of the microparticles and their height for both types of coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Kuznetsova
- Nanoprocesses and Technology Laboratory, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Science of Belarus, 15 P. Brovki str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.K.); (V.L.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Vasilina Lapitskaya
- Nanoprocesses and Technology Laboratory, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Science of Belarus, 15 P. Brovki str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.K.); (V.L.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Anastasiya Khabarava
- Nanoprocesses and Technology Laboratory, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Science of Belarus, 15 P. Brovki str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.K.); (V.L.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Sergei Chizhik
- Nanoprocesses and Technology Laboratory, A.V. Luikov Heat and Mass Transfer Institute of the National Academy of Science of Belarus, 15 P. Brovki str., 220072 Minsk, Belarus; (T.K.); (V.L.); (A.K.); (S.C.)
| | - Bogdan Warcholinski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, 2 Sniadeckich, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland; (B.W.); (A.G.)
| | - Adam Gilewicz
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Koszalin University of Technology, 2 Sniadeckich, 75-453 Koszalin, Poland; (B.W.); (A.G.)
| | - Aleksander Kuprin
- National Science Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, 1 Academic str, 61108 Kharkiv, Ukraine;
| | - Sergei Aizikovich
- Research and Education Center “Materials”, Don State Technical University, 1 Gagarin sq., 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
| | - Boris Mitrin
- Research and Education Center “Materials”, Don State Technical University, 1 Gagarin sq., 344003 Rostov-on-Don, Russia;
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