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Rivera-Leon EA, Llamas-Covarrubias IM, Soria-Rodriguez RA, Sanchez-Enriquez S, González-Hernández LA, Andrade-Villanueva JF, Llamas-Covarrubias MA. Serum ghrelin and obestatin levels in HIV-infected patients: Effect of 36 weeks of antiretroviral treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 66:4-10. [PMID: 30316761 DOI: 10.1016/j.endinu.2018.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with HIV+ often present lipid disturbances. The role of ghrelin and obestatin in these lipid disturbances is not clear. The effect of antiretroviral (ART) drugs on those molecules is also unknown. This study measured ghrelin and obestatin levels, as well as metabolic markers, in patients with HIV+ before and after 36 weeks of ART. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty HIV-positive, ART-naïve patients who started a scheme consisting of tenofovir/emtricitabine+lopinavir/ritonavir were enrolled. Plasma samples were collected before and after 36 weeks of treatment. Serum ghrelin and obestatin levels were quantitated by ELISA; glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were measured by colorimetric and enzymatic methods, and cardiovascular risk was calculated by the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP). RESULTS All patients completed 36 weeks of ART. Total cholesterol (p<0.001), LDL-C (p=0.019), HDL-C (p=0.003), VLDL-C (p=0.002), and triglyceride levels (p=0.021) significantly increased after treatment. AIP revealed increased cardiovascular risk at baseline, which remained high after treatment. There was a statistically significant increase in obestatin level in the unpaired and paired analyses, while ghrelin levels only showed a trend to increase. Changes in ghrelin and obestatin levels positively correlated, but no correlation was seen with any metabolic parameter. CONCLUSION After 36 weeks of ART, patients showed an altered lipid profile, but there were no significant changes in cardiovascular risk. Ghrelin and obestatin levels increased after 36 weeks of ART, but the increase was only significant for obestatin. Changes in ghrelin and obestatin positively correlate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar A Rivera-Leon
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Iris M Llamas-Covarrubias
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Raul A Soria-Rodriguez
- Instituto de Investigación en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Enriquez
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luz A González-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Jaime F Andrade-Villanueva
- Instituto de Investigación en Inmunodeficiencias y VIH, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Mara A Llamas-Covarrubias
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Genómica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Asociación Mexicana para el Fomento a Innovación, El Arenal, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Lopez-Sandoval J, Sanchez-Enriquez S, Rivera-Leon EA, Bastidas-Ramirez BE, Garcia-Garcia MR, Gonzalez-Hita ME. CARDIOVASCULAR RISK FACTORS IN ADOLESCENTS: ROLE OF INSULIN RESISTANCE AND OBESITY. Acta Endocrinol (Buchar) 2018; 14:330-337. [PMID: 31149280 DOI: 10.4183/aeb.2018.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Childhood obesity is a public health problem characterized by early insulin resistance (IR), inflammation, and oxidative stress. The presence of an uninterrupted low-grade inflammatory state impairs metabolic and cardiovascular health. The population is particularly susceptible to develop metabolic disorders related to increased body fat. Methods Eighty-three adolescents were recruited and grouped according to HOMA-IR and BMI in either with or without IR and obese or normal-weight respectively. Anthropometric, biochemical, immunological and hormonal variables were determined. Transverse Analytical Study. Results Obesity, dyslipidemia, IL-6, and C-reactive protein were significantly higher in the IR group than in the non-IR group. Obese adolescents showed increased insulin levels, HOMA-IR, inflammatory markers, and triglycerides; while having lower HDL-C, and adiponectin when compared to normal-weight adolescents. As expected, obesity-related anthropometric markers positively correlated with IR and inflammatory markers while negatively correlated with adiponectin levels. Conclusions Early IR, subclinical inflammation, dyslipidemia, and hypoadiponectinemia characterize obesity in adolescents. These factors may increase the risk of future coronary heart disease (CHD) and diabetes mellitus development (DM) in early adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lopez-Sandoval
- "Fray Antonio Alcalde" Hospital Civil de Guadalajara, Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Universidad de Guadalajara Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Jalisco, Mexico
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Lopez-Vazquez A, Garcia-Banuelos JJ, Gonzalez-Garibay AS, Urzua-Lozano PE, Del Toro-Arreola S, Bueno-Topete MR, Sanchez-Enriquez S, Munoz-Valle JF, Jave-Suarez LF, Armendariz-Borunda J, Bastidas-Ramirez BE. IRS-1 pY612 and Akt-1/PKB pT308 Phosphorylation and Antiinflammatory Effect of Diindolylmethane in Adipocytes Cocultured with Macrophages. Med Chem 2017; 13:727-733. [PMID: 28934926 PMCID: PMC5744426 DOI: 10.2174/1573406413666170922095011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Lopez-Vazquez
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Jesus J Garcia-Banuelos
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina y Terapia Genica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, puerta 7, 3er. piso, Calle Sierra Mojada # 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44340. Mexico
| | - Angelica S Gonzalez-Garibay
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Pedro E Urzua-Lozano
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Susana Del Toro-Arreola
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Miriam R Bueno-Topete
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Enriquez
- Laboratorio de Bioquimica, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Jose F Munoz-Valle
- Instituto de Investigacion en Ciencias Biomedicas, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Luis F Jave-Suarez
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica de Occidente, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- Instituto de Biologia Molecular en Medicina y Terapia Genica, Departamento de Biologia Molecular y Genomica, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco. Mexico
| | - Blanca E Bastidas-Ramirez
- Instituto de Investigacion en Enfermedades Cronico Degenerativas, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Guadalajara, puerta 7, 2do. piso., Calle Sierra Mojada # 950, Col. Independencia, Guadalajara, Jalisco, C.P. 44340. Mexico
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Rodriguez-Mendez LM, Martinez-Ruiz JDJ, Perez-Manzo R, Corona-Hernandez JL, Alcala-Zermeno JL, Sanchez-Enriquez S. Preoperative Ultrasonographic Prediction of Hamstring Tendon Diameter for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Repair. J Knee Surg 2017; 30:544-548. [PMID: 27780286 DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1593622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is rising every year. The autologous hamstring tendon graft, using semitendinosus tendon (SMT) and gracilis tendon (GR), is a common repair technique in the management of ACL injuries due to its multiple advantages. Using a final graft with a minimum diameter of 8 mm is necessary to avoid graft failure. The aim of this study was to find a correlation between preoperative ultrasound (USG) measurement of the SMT and GR tendon diameters (SMTd and GRd) and their actual diameters measured during the grafting procedure. In the present study, 33 male patients aged between 16 and 43 years with ACL injury that required grafting were enrolled. Before the grafting procedure, we sonographically measured the SMTd, GRd, and calculated the hamstring tendon diameter (SMTd + GRd) as the sum of these two. During surgery, we obtained the SMTd, GRd, and SMTd + GRd; we also obtained the length of both tendons and the final graft diameter (FGd). We then compared the obtained values. Mean age was 25.6 ± 7.9 years in our study population. The mean SMTd, GRd, and SMTd + GRd obtained by USG versus transoperatively were 4.9 versus 4.7 mm, 4.3 versus 3.8 mm, and 9.3 versus 8.6 mm, respectively. The mean of FGd was 8.4 mm and the mean length of both tendons was 14.2 cm. The GRd obtained by USG positively correlated with SMTd, SMT tendon length, GRd, and SMTd + GRd (r = 0.460, 0.404, 0.411, and 0.508, respectively). USG-obtained GRd predicts a final tendon diameter < 8 mm (high risk of failure) with a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 100, 54, 28 and 100%, respectively, using 4.5 mm as cutoff. Of all obtained grafts, 85% were deemed adequate (≥ 8 mm) using transoperative measurement, while 91% were ≥ 8 mm using USG measurement. The USG measurement of hamstring tendons is a useful method to predict their transoperative diameter. GRd obtained by USG is the best predictor of transoperative GRd and SMTd + GRd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ruben Perez-Manzo
- Department of Arthroscopy and Sports Medicine, Antiguo Hospital Civil Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Luis Alcala-Zermeno
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Enriquez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Rivera-Leon EA, Palmeros-Sanchez B, Llamas-Covarrubias IM, Fernandez S, Armendariz-Borunda J, Gonzalez-Hita M, Bastidas-Ramirez BE, Zepeda-Moreno A, Sanchez-Enriquez S. Vitamin-D receptor gene polymorphisms (TaqI and ApaI) and circulating osteocalcin in type 2 diabetic patients and healthy subjects. Endokrynol Pol 2017; 66:329-33. [PMID: 26323470 DOI: 10.5603/ep.2015.0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is encoded by the VDR gene. Several studies have supported that this gene is associated with diabetes. Heterodimer VDR/RXR functions as an enhancer of the BGLAP gene and increases the basal transcription rate of osteocalcin (OC) during osteoblast differentiation. OC is a regulator of glucose metabolism in mice. Moreover, OC level is decreased in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Although inversely correlated with serum glucose insulin and glycated haemoglobin, it is unclear whether OC reduction is caused by diabetes or plays a role in the pathogenesis and/or progression of the disease. In this study we analysed the association between TaqI and ApaI VDR gene polymorphisms and OC serum concentration in T2D subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS Patients underwent clinical and nutritional assessment. Genomic DNA was extracted from leucocytes using a standard salting-out procedure. The polymorphisms were genotyped by PCR-RFLP method. ELISA was used to measure OC and insulin concentrations. RESULTS Association between TT genotype of TaqI polymorphism and low levels of OC was observed only in the population with overweight and obesity. No association between TaqI and ApaI polymorphisms and T2D was observed (p > 0.05). Furthermore, in T2D subjects, no correlation between ApaI and TaqI genotypes and age, sex, Body Mass Index (BMI), glucose, or OC was observed. CONCLUSIONS The TT genotype of TaqI VDR gene polymorphism was correlated with low levels of OC in overweight and obese subjects. However, TaqI and ApaI VDR gene polymorphisms were not associated with T2D.
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Sanchez-Enriquez S, Ballesteros-Gonzalez IT, Villafán-Bernal JR, Pascoe-Gonzalez S, Rivera-Leon EA, Bastidas-Ramirez BE, Rivas-Carrillo JD, Alcala-Zermeno JL, Armendariz-Borunda J, Llamas-Covarrubias IM, Zepeda-Moreno A. Serum levels of undercarboxylated osteocalcin are related to cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects. World J Diabetes 2017; 8:11-17. [PMID: 28138360 PMCID: PMC5237813 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v8.i1.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To determine a potential relationship between serum undercarboxylated (ucOC) concentration and cardiovascular risk factors in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients and healthy subjects (HS).
METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 subjects classified into two groups, 70 with T2D and 70 HS. Medical history and physical examination with anthropometric measurements were obtained from all subjects. Body fat percentage was determined by bioelectrical impendency analysis. Serum ucOC concentration was determined by enzyme immunoassay, while serum levels of insulin and hsCRP were obtained using high sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Insulin resistance was determined using the homeostasis model assessment-IR. Lipid profile [triglycerides, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoproteins (HDL-c), low density lipoproteins (LDL-c), very low-density lipoproteins] was determined by spectrophotometry and standard formulas when applicable.
RESULTS The T2D patient group showed significantly higher values of waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), current smoking, and alcohol use when compared to the HS group (P < 0.05). We observed a significantly lower serum ucOC concentration in T2D than in HS (1.5 ± 1.4 vs 2.3 ± 1.8, P < 0.05). In the whole study population, ucOC concentration was inversely correlated with body mass index (BMI) (r = -0.236, P < 0.05), fasting plasma glucose (r = -0.283, P < 0.01) and HDL-c (r = -0.255, P < 0.05); and positively correlated with LDL-c/HDL-c ratio (r = 0.306, P < 0.05) and TC/HDL-c ratio (r = 0.284, P < 0.05). In the T2D group, serum ucOC concentration was inversely correlated with BMI (r = -0.310, P < 0.05) and body-fat percentage (r = -0.311, P < 0.05), and positively correlated with DBP (r = 0.450, P < 0.01). In HS group a positive correlation between serum levels of ucOC and SBP (r = 0.277, P < 0.05) was observed.
CONCLUSION Serum ucOC is a potential marker for cardiovascular risk in Mexicans because it is related to adiposity parameters, blood pressure and lipid profile.
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Barba-Gutierrez DA, Daneri-Navarro A, Villagomez-Mendez JJA, Kanamune J, Robles-Murillo AK, Sanchez-Enriquez S, Villafan-Bernal JR, Rivas-Carrillo JD. Facilitated Engraftment of Isolated Islets Coated With Expanded Vascular Endothelial Cells for Islet Transplantation. Transplant Proc 2016; 48:669-72. [PMID: 27110026 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2016.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is complex disease, which involves primary metabolic changes followed by immunological and vascular pathophysiological adjustments. However, it is mostly characterized by an unbalanced decreased number of the β-cells unable to maintain the metabolic requirements and failure to further regenerate newly functional pancreatic islets. The objective of this study was to analyze the properties of the endothelial cells to facilitate the islet cells engraftment after islet transplantation. METHODS We devised a co-cultured engineer system to coat isolated islets with vascular endothelial cells. To assess the cell integration of cell-engineered islets, we stained them for endothelial marker CD31 and nuclei counterstained with DAPI dye. We comparatively performed islet transplantations into streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and recovered the islet grafts for morphometric analyses on days 3, 7, 10, and 30. Blood glucose levels were measured continuously after islet transplantation to monitor the functional engraftment and capacity to achieve metabolic control. RESULTS Cell-engineered islets showed a well-defined rounded shape after co-culture when compared with native isolated islets. Furthermore, the number of CD31-positive cells layered on the islet surface showed a direct proportion with engraftment capacities and less TUNEL-positive cells on days 3 and 7 after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS We observed that vascular endothelial cells could be functional integrated into isolated islets. We also found that islets that are coated with vascular endothelial cells increased their capacity to engraft. These findings indicate that islets coated with endothelial cells have a greater capacity of engraftment and thus establish a definitely vascular network to support the metabolic requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Alonso Barba-Gutierrez
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Immunology, Tissue Engineering and Transplant, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - A Daneri-Navarro
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Immunology, Tissue Engineering and Transplant, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - J Jesus Alejandro Villagomez-Mendez
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Immunology, Tissue Engineering and Transplant, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - J Kanamune
- Department of Organ Reconstruction, Field of Clinical Application, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
| | | | - S Sanchez-Enriquez
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - J Rafael Villafan-Bernal
- Department of Surgery, Center of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of Aguascalientes, Mexico
| | - J D Rivas-Carrillo
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Immunology, Tissue Engineering and Transplant, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Mexico.
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Lopez-de la Mora DA, Sanchez-Roque C, Montoya-Buelna M, Sanchez-Enriquez S, Lucano-Landeros S, Macias-Barragan J, Armendariz-Borunda J. Role and New Insights of Pirfenidone in Fibrotic Diseases. Int J Med Sci 2015; 12:840-7. [PMID: 26640402 PMCID: PMC4643073 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.11579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pirfenidone (PFD) is a non-peptide synthetic molecule issued as a broad-spectrum anti-fibrotic drug with the ability to decrease TGF-β1, TNF-α, PDGF and COL1A1 expression, which is highly related to prevent or remove excessive deposition of scar tissue in several organs. Basic and clinical evidence suggests that PFD may safely slow or inhibit the progressive fibrosis swelling after tissue injuries. Furthermore, a number of evidence suggests that this molecule will have positive effects in the treatment of other inflammatory diseases. This review contains current research in which PFD has been used as the treatment of several diseases, and focus mainly in the outcomes related to improve inflammation and fibrogenesis. Therefore, the main goal of this review is to focus on the novel findings of PFD efficacy rather than deepen in the chemical aspects of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alejandro Lopez-de la Mora
- 1. Institute for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada St. 950, Guadalajara (44280), Mexico
| | - Cibeles Sanchez-Roque
- 1. Institute for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada St. 950, Guadalajara (44280), Mexico
| | - Margarita Montoya-Buelna
- 1. Institute for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada St. 950, Guadalajara (44280), Mexico
| | - Sergio Sanchez-Enriquez
- 1. Institute for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada St. 950, Guadalajara (44280), Mexico
| | - Silvia Lucano-Landeros
- 1. Institute for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada St. 950, Guadalajara (44280), Mexico
| | - Jose Macias-Barragan
- 1. Institute for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada St. 950, Guadalajara (44280), Mexico. ; 2. Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, CUValles, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara - Ameca km. 45.5, Ameca (46600), Mexico
| | - Juan Armendariz-Borunda
- 1. Institute for Molecular Biology and Gene Therapy, Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, University of Guadalajara, Sierra Mojada St. 950, Guadalajara (44280), Mexico
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