1
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Festag J, Festag MM, Asen T, Wettengel JM, Mück-Häusl MA, Abdulhaqq S, Stahl-Hennig C, Sacha JB, Burwitz BJ, Protzer U, Wisskirchen K. Vector-Mediated Delivery of Human Major Histocompatibility Complex-I into Hepatocytes Enables Investigation of T Cell Receptor-Redirected Hepatitis B Virus-Specific T Cells in Mice, and in Macaque Cell Cultures. Hum Gene Ther 2023; 34:1204-1218. [PMID: 37747811 PMCID: PMC10825313 DOI: 10.1089/hum.2023.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy using natural T cell receptor (TCR) redirection is a promising approach to fight solid cancers and viral infections in liver and other organs. However, clinical efficacy of such TCR+-T cells has been limited so far. One reason is that syngeneic preclinical models to evaluate safety and efficacy of TCR+-T cells are missing. We, therefore, developed an efficient viral vector strategy mediating expression of human major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-I in hepatocytes, which allows evaluation of TCR-T cell therapies targeting diseased liver cells. We designed adeno-associated virus (AAV) and adenoviral vectors encoding either the human-mouse chimeric HLA-A*02-like molecule, or fully human HLA-A*02 and human β2 microglobulin (hβ2m). Upon transduction of murine hepatocytes, the HLA-A*02 construct proved superior in terms of expression levels, presentation of endogenously processed peptides and activation of murine TCR+-T cells grafted with HLA-A*02-restricted, hepatitis B virus (HBV)-specific TCRs. In vivo, these T cells elicited effector function, controlled HBV replication, and reduced HBV viral load and antigen expression in livers of those mice that had received AAV-HBV and AAV-HLA-A*02. We then demonstrated the broad utility of this approach by grafting macaque T cells with the HBV-specific TCRs and enabling them to recognize HBV-infected primary macaque hepatocytes expressing HLA-A*02 upon adenoviral transduction. In conclusion, AAV and adenovirus vectors are suitable for delivery of HLA-A*02 and hβ2m into mouse and macaque hepatocytes. When recognizing their cognate antigen in HLA-A*02-transduced mouse livers or on isolated macaque hepatocytes, HLA-A*02-restricted, HBV-specific TCR+-T cells become activated and exert antiviral effector functions. This approach is applicable to any MHC restriction and target disease, paving the way for safety and efficacy studies of human TCR-based therapies in physiologically relevant preclinical animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Festag
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Marvin M. Festag
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Theresa Asen
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jochen M. Wettengel
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Shaheed Abdulhaqq
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Jonah B. Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Benjamin J. Burwitz
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center (ONPRC), Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
| | - Karin Wisskirchen
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Virology, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Munich Partner Site, Munich, Germany
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2
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Abdulhaqq S, Ventura AB, Reed JS, Bashirova AA, Bateman KB, McDonald E, Wu HL, Greene JM, Schell JB, Morrow D, Wisskirchen K, Martin JN, Deeks SG, Carrington M, Protzer U, Früh K, Hansen SG, Picker LJ, Sacha JB, Bimber BN. Identification and Characterization of Antigen-Specific CD8 + T Cells Using Surface-Trapped TNF-α and Single-Cell Sequencing. J Immunol 2021; 207:2913-2921. [PMID: 34810222 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are key mediators of antiviral and antitumor immunity. The isolation and study of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, as well as mapping of their MHC restriction, has practical importance to the study of disease and the development of therapeutics. Unfortunately, most experimental approaches are cumbersome, owing to the highly variable and donor-specific nature of MHC-bound peptide/TCR interactions. Here we present a novel system for rapid identification and characterization of Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, particularly well suited for samples with limited primary cells. Cells are stimulated ex vivo with Ag of interest, followed by live cell sorting based on surface-trapped TNF-α. We take advantage of major advances in single-cell sequencing to generate full-length sequence data from the paired TCR α- and β-chains from these Ag-specific cells. The paired TCR chains are cloned into retroviral vectors and used to transduce donor CD8+ T cells. These TCR transductants provide a virtually unlimited experimental reagent, which can be used for further characterization, such as minimal epitope mapping or identification of MHC restriction, without depleting primary cells. We validated this system using CMV-specific CD8+ T cells from rhesus macaques, characterizing an immunodominant Mamu-A1*002:01-restricted epitope. We further demonstrated the utility of this system by mapping a novel HLA-A*68:02-restricted HIV Gag epitope from an HIV-infected donor. Collectively, these data validate a new strategy to rapidly identify novel Ags and characterize Ag-specific CD8+ T cells, with applications ranging from the study of infectious disease to immunotherapeutics and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaheed Abdulhaqq
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Abigail B Ventura
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Jason S Reed
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Arman A Bashirova
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD.,Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
| | - Katherine B Bateman
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Eric McDonald
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Helen L Wu
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Justin M Greene
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - John B Schell
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - David Morrow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Karin Wisskirchen
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeffrey N Martin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- HIV/AIDS Program, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Mary Carrington
- Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD.,Laboratory of Integrative Cancer Immunology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD.,Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA; and
| | - Ulrike Protzer
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich/Helmholtz Zentrum Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR; .,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
| | - Benjamin N Bimber
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR
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3
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Chang XL, Webb GM, Wu HL, Greene JM, Abdulhaqq S, Bateman KB, Reed JS, Pessoa C, Weber WC, Maier N, Chew GM, Gilbride RM, Gao L, Agnor R, Giobbi T, Torgerson J, Siess D, Burnett N, Fischer M, Shiel O, Moats C, Patterson B, Dhody K, Kelly S, Pourhassan N, Magnani DM, Smedley J, Bimber BN, Haigwood NL, Hansen SG, Brown TR, Ndhlovu LC, Sacha JB. Antibody-based CCR5 blockade protects Macaques from mucosal SHIV transmission. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3343. [PMID: 34099693 PMCID: PMC8184841 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23697-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of a prophylactic vaccine, the use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) as pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV acquisition by uninfected individuals is a promising approach to slowing the epidemic, but its efficacy is hampered by incomplete patient adherence and ART-resistant variants. Here, we report that competitive inhibition of HIV Env-CCR5 binding via the CCR5-specific antibody Leronlimab protects rhesus macaques against infection following repeated intrarectal challenges of CCR5-tropic SHIVSF162P3. Injection of Leronlimab weekly at 10 mg/kg provides significant but partial protection, while biweekly 50 mg/kg provides complete protection from SHIV acquisition. Tissue biopsies from protected macaques post challenge show complete CCR5 receptor occupancy and an absence of viral nucleic acids. After Leronlimab washout, protected macaques remain aviremic, and adoptive transfer of hematologic cells into naïve macaques does not transmit viral infection. These data identify CCR5 blockade with Leronlimab as a promising approach to HIV prophylaxis and support initiation of clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao L Chang
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Gabriela M Webb
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Helen L Wu
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jason S Reed
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Lina Gao
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Rebecca Agnor
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Travis Giobbi
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Jeffrey Torgerson
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Don Siess
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Nicole Burnett
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Miranda Fischer
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Oriene Shiel
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Cassandra Moats
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Kush Dhody
- Amarex Clinical Research LLC, Germantown, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Diogo M Magnani
- MassBiologics of the University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Benjamin N Bimber
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Portland, OR, USA
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lishomwa C Ndhlovu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Portland, OR, USA.
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA.
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4
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Verweij MC, Hansen SG, Iyer R, John N, Malouli D, Morrow D, Scholz I, Womack J, Abdulhaqq S, Gilbride RM, Hughes CM, Ventura AB, Ford JC, Selseth AN, Oswald K, Shoemaker R, Berkemeier B, Bosche WJ, Hull M, Shao J, Sacha JB, Axthelm MK, Edlefsen PT, Lifson JD, Picker LJ, Früh K. Modulation of MHC-E transport by viral decoy ligands is required for RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy. Science 2021; 372:eabe9233. [PMID: 33766941 PMCID: PMC8354429 DOI: 10.1126/science.abe9233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Strain 68-1 rhesus cytomegalovirus (RhCMV) vectors expressing simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) antigens elicit CD8+ T cells recognizing epitopes presented by major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) and MHC-E but not MHC-Ia. These immune responses mediate replication arrest of SIV in 50 to 60% of monkeys. We show that the peptide VMAPRTLLL (VL9) embedded within the RhCMV protein Rh67 promotes intracellular MHC-E transport and recognition of RhCMV-infected fibroblasts by MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cells. Deletion or mutation of viral VL9 abrogated MHC-E-restricted CD8+ T cell priming, resulting in CD8+ T cell responses exclusively targeting MHC-II-restricted epitopes. These responses were comparable in magnitude and differentiation to responses elicited by 68-1 vectors but did not protect against SIV. Thus, Rh67-enabled direct priming of MHC-E-restricted T cells is crucial for RhCMV/SIV vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke C Verweij
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Ravi Iyer
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Nessy John
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Daniel Malouli
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - David Morrow
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Isabel Scholz
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jennie Womack
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Shaheed Abdulhaqq
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Roxanne M Gilbride
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Colette M Hughes
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Abigail B Ventura
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Julia C Ford
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Andrea N Selseth
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Kelli Oswald
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Rebecca Shoemaker
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Brian Berkemeier
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - William J Bosche
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Michael Hull
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Jason Shao
- Population Sciences and Computational Biology Programs, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Paul T Edlefsen
- Population Sciences and Computational Biology Programs, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lifson
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA.
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5
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Yang H, Rei M, Brackenridge S, Brenna E, Sun H, Abdulhaqq S, Liu MKP, Ma W, Kurupati P, Xu X, Cerundolo V, Jenkins E, Davis SJ, Sacha JB, Früh K, Picker LJ, Borrow P, Gillespie GM, McMichael AJ. HLA-E-restricted, Gag-specific CD8 + T cells can suppress HIV-1 infection, offering vaccine opportunities. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:eabg1703. [PMID: 33766848 PMCID: PMC8258078 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abg1703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Human leukocyte antigen-E (HLA-E) normally presents an HLA class Ia signal peptide to the NKG2A/C-CD94 regulatory receptors on natural killer (NK) cells and T cell subsets. Rhesus macaques immunized with a cytomegalovirus-vectored simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) vaccine generated Mamu-E (HLA-E homolog)-restricted T cell responses that mediated post-challenge SIV replication arrest in >50% of animals. However, HIV-1-specific, HLA-E-restricted T cells have not been observed in HIV-1-infected individuals. Here, HLA-E-restricted, HIV-1-specific CD8 + T cells were primed in vitro. These T cell clones and allogeneic CD8 + T cells transduced with their T cell receptors suppressed HIV-1 replication in CD4 + T cells in vitro. Vaccine induction of efficacious HLA-E-restricted HIV-1-specific T cells should therefore be possible.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Biomarkers
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry
- Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/immunology
- HIV Infections/immunology
- HIV Infections/metabolism
- HIV Infections/prevention & control
- HIV Infections/virology
- HIV-1/immunology
- Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Jurkat Cells
- Lymphocyte Activation/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation/immunology
- Peptides/chemistry
- Peptides/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/metabolism
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/immunology
- gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/immunology
- HLA-E Antigens
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Yang
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Margarida Rei
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Simon Brackenridge
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Elena Brenna
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Hong Sun
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
- Key Laboratory of AIDS Immunology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences Oxford Institute, NDM, Oxford University, Oxford, UK
| | - Shaheed Abdulhaqq
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Michael K P Liu
- Centre For Immunology and Vaccinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Weiwei Ma
- Centre For Immunology and Vaccinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Prathiba Kurupati
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Xiaoning Xu
- Centre For Immunology and Vaccinology, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Vincenzo Cerundolo
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Edward Jenkins
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Simon J Davis
- MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Persephone Borrow
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Geraldine M Gillespie
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- NDM Research Building, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford OX3 7FZ, UK.
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6
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Webb GM, Molden J, Busman-Sahay K, Abdulhaqq S, Wu HL, Weber WC, Bateman KB, Reed JS, Northrup M, Maier N, Tanaka S, Gao L, Davey B, Carpenter BL, Axthelm MK, Stanton JJ, Smedley J, Greene JM, Safrit JT, Estes JD, Skinner PJ, Sacha JB. The human IL-15 superagonist N-803 promotes migration of virus-specific CD8+ T and NK cells to B cell follicles but does not reverse latency in ART-suppressed, SHIV-infected macaques. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008339. [PMID: 32163523 PMCID: PMC7093032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Revised: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the success of antiretroviral therapy (ART) to halt viral replication and slow disease progression, this treatment is not curative and there remains an urgent need to develop approaches to clear the latent HIV reservoir. The human IL-15 superagonist N-803 (formerly ALT-803) is a promising anti-cancer biologic with potent immunostimulatory properties that has been extended into the field of HIV as a potential “shock and kill” therapeutic for HIV cure. However, the ability of N-803 to reactivate latent virus and modulate anti-viral immunity in vivo under the cover of ART remains undefined. Here, we show that in ART-suppressed, simian-human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV)SF162P3-infected rhesus macaques, subcutaneous administration of N-803 activates and mobilizes both NK cells and SHIV-specific CD8+ T cells from the peripheral blood to lymph node B cell follicles, a sanctuary site for latent virus that normally excludes such effector cells. We observed minimal activation of memory CD4+ T cells and no increase in viral RNA content in lymph node resident CD4+ T cells post N-803 administration. Accordingly, we found no difference in the number or magnitude of plasma viremia timepoints between treated and untreated animals during the N-803 administration period, and no difference in the size of the viral DNA cell-associated reservoir post N-803 treatment. These results substantiate N-803 as a potent immunotherapeutic candidate capable of activating and directing effector CD8+ T and NK cells to the B cell follicle during full ART suppression, and suggest N-803 must be paired with a bona fide latency reversing agent in vivo to facilitate immune-mediated modulation of the latent viral reservoir. IL-15 regulates NK and memory T cell homeostasis and is therefore being explored for clinical immunotherapy of chronic diseases like cancer and HIV. To explore the applicability of the clinical grade IL-15 superagonist N-803 to HIV cure strategies we tested the impact of N-803 on host immunity and latent virus in SHIV-infected rhesus macaques. Our results suggest that N-803 beneficially modulates effector NK and CD8+ T cells by expanding the numbers of these cells and redistributing them to lymph node B cell follicles, a site known to harbor persistent latent virus during ART. However, our results further suggest that N-803 does not perturb the viral reservoir present in memory CD4+ T cells and that in order to fully unlock the immunotherapeutic potential of N-803 it must be paired with latency reversal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela M. Webb
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jhomary Molden
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Busman-Sahay
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Shaheed Abdulhaqq
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Helen L. Wu
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Whitney C. Weber
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Katherine B. Bateman
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jason S. Reed
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Mina Northrup
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Nicholas Maier
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Shiho Tanaka
- ImmunityBio, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Lina Gao
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Brianna Davey
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Benjamin L. Carpenter
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Axthelm
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey J. Stanton
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Smedley
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Justin M. Greene
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | | | - Jacob D. Estes
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Pamela J. Skinner
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jonah B. Sacha
- Vaccine & Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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7
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Webb G, Berrocal J, Busman-Sahay K, Abdulhaqq S, Smedley J, Safrit J, Estes J, Skinner P, Sacha J. The human IL-15 superagonist N803 does not reverse latency in ART-suppressed, SHIV-infected macaques. J Virus Erad 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s2055-6640(20)30201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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8
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Walters LC, Harlos K, Brackenridge S, Rozbesky D, Barrett JR, Jain V, Walter TS, O'Callaghan CA, Borrow P, Toebes M, Hansen SG, Sacha JB, Abdulhaqq S, Greene JM, Früh K, Marshall E, Picker LJ, Jones EY, McMichael AJ, Gillespie GM. Pathogen-derived HLA-E bound epitopes reveal broad primary anchor pocket tolerability and conformationally malleable peptide binding. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3137. [PMID: 30087334 PMCID: PMC6081459 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05459-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Through major histocompatibility complex class Ia leader sequence-derived (VL9) peptide binding and CD94/NKG2 receptor engagement, human leucocyte antigen E (HLA-E) reports cellular health to NK cells. Previous studies demonstrated a strong bias for VL9 binding by HLA-E, a preference subsequently supported by structural analyses. However, Mycobacteria tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and Rhesus cytomegalovirus-vectored SIV vaccinations revealed contexts where HLA-E and the rhesus homologue, Mamu-E, presented diverse pathogen-derived peptides to CD8+ T cells, respectively. Here we present crystal structures of HLA-E in complex with HIV and Mtb-derived peptides. We show that despite the presence of preferred primary anchor residues, HLA-E-bound peptides can adopt alternative conformations within the peptide binding groove. Furthermore, combined structural and mutagenesis analyses illustrate a greater tolerance for hydrophobic and polar residues in the primary pockets than previously appreciated. Finally, biochemical studies reveal HLA-E peptide binding and exchange characteristics with potential relevance to its alternative antigen presenting function in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy C Walters
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Karl Harlos
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Simon Brackenridge
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Daniel Rozbesky
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Jordan R Barrett
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Vitul Jain
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Thomas S Walter
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Chris A O'Callaghan
- Henry Wellcome Building for Molecular Physiology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Persephone Borrow
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK
| | - Mireille Toebes
- Department Molecular Oncology and Immunology, B6 Plesmanlaan 121, Amsterdam, 1066CX, The Netherlands
| | - Scott G Hansen
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Shaheed Abdulhaqq
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Justin M Greene
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Klaus Früh
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Emily Marshall
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Louis J Picker
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute and Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - E Yvonne Jones
- Division of Structural Biology, Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK
| | - Andrew J McMichael
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
| | - Geraldine M Gillespie
- Nuffield Department of Medicine Research Building, Roosevelt Drive, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7FZ, UK.
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9
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Burwitz BJ, Wu HL, Abdulhaqq S, Shriver-Munsch C, Swanson T, Legasse AW, Hammond KB, Junell SL, Reed JS, Bimber BN, Greene JM, Webb GM, Northrup M, Laub W, Kievit P, MacAllister R, Axthelm MK, Ducore R, Lewis A, Colgin LMA, Hobbs T, Martin LD, Ferguson B, Thomas CR, Panoskaltsis-Mortari A, Meyers G, Stanton JJ, Maziarz RT, Sacha JB. Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in fully MHC-matched Mauritian cynomolgus macaques recapitulates diverse human clinical outcomes. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1418. [PMID: 29127275 PMCID: PMC5681693 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01631-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a critically important therapy for hematological malignancies, inborn errors of metabolism, and immunodeficiency disorders, yet complications such as graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD) limit survival. Development of anti-GvHD therapies that do not adversely affect susceptibility to infection or graft-vs.-tumor immunity are hampered by the lack of a physiologically relevant, preclinical model of allogeneic HSCT. Here we show a spectrum of diverse clinical HSCT outcomes including primary and secondary graft failure, lethal GvHD, and stable, disease-free full donor engraftment using reduced intensity conditioning and mobilized peripheral blood HSCT in unrelated, fully MHC-matched Mauritian-origin cynomolgus macaques. Anti-GvHD prophylaxis of tacrolimus, post-transplant cyclophosphamide, and CD28 blockade induces multi-lineage, full donor chimerism and recipient-specific tolerance while maintaining pathogen-specific immunity. These results establish a new preclinical allogeneic HSCT model for evaluation of GvHD prophylaxis and next-generation HSCT-mediated therapies for solid organ tolerance, cure of non-malignant hematological disease, and HIV reservoir clearance. Rhesus macaques are not ideal for studying response to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) owing to complex MHC genetics that prevent full MHC-matching. Here the authors show that inbred Mauritian-origin cynomolgus macaques are a superior preclinical model of allogeneic stem cell transplantation that mimics diverse clinical outcomes of human allo-HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Burwitz
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Helen L Wu
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Shaheed Abdulhaqq
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Christine Shriver-Munsch
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Tonya Swanson
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Alfred W Legasse
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Katherine B Hammond
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Stephanie L Junell
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jason S Reed
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Benjamin N Bimber
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Justin M Greene
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Gabriela M Webb
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Mina Northrup
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Wolfram Laub
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Paul Kievit
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Rhonda MacAllister
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Michael K Axthelm
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Rebecca Ducore
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Anne Lewis
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Lois M A Colgin
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Theodore Hobbs
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Lauren D Martin
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Betsy Ferguson
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Charles R Thomas
- Division of Medical Physics, Department of Radiation Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Angela Panoskaltsis-Mortari
- Division of Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, 2450 Riverside Avenue, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - Gabrielle Meyers
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Stanton
- Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA
| | - Richard T Maziarz
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jonah B Sacha
- Vaccine and Gene Therapy Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA. .,Oregon National Primate Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, OR, 97006, USA.
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10
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Mullin JM, Diguilio KM, Valenzano MC, Deis R, Thomas S, Zurbach EP, Abdulhaqq S, Montaner LJ. Zinc reduces epithelial barrier compromise induced by human seminal plasma. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170306. [PMID: 28278250 PMCID: PMC5344308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Human semen has the potential to modulate the epithelial mucosal tissues it contacts, as seminal plasma (SP) is recognized to contain both pro- and anti-barrier components, yet its effects on epithelial barrier function are largely unknown. We addressed the role of human SP when exposed to the basal-lateral epithelial surface, a situation that would occur clinically with prior mechanical or disease-related injury of the human epithelial mucosal cell layers in contact with semen. The action of SP on claudins-2, -4, -5, and -7 expression, as well as on a target epithelium whose basolateral surface has been made accessible to SP, showed upregulation of claudins-4 and -5 in CACO-2 human epithelial cell layers, despite broad variance in SP-induced modulation of transepithelial electrical resistance and mannitol permeability. Upregulation of claudin-2 by SP also exhibited such variance by SP sample. We characterize individual effects on CACO-2 barrier function of nine factors known to be present abundantly in seminal plasma (zinc, EGF, citrate, spermine, fructose, urea, TGF, histone, inflammatory cytokines) to establish that zinc, spermine and fructose had significant potential to raise CACO-2 transepithelial resistance, whereas inflammatory cytokines and EGF decreased this measure of barrier function. The role of zinc as a dominant factor in determining higher levels of transepithelial resistance and lower levels of paracellular leak were confirmed by zinc chelation and exogenous zinc addition. As expected, SP presentation to the basolateral cell surface also caused a very dramatic yet transient elevation of pErk levels. Results suggest that increased zinc content in SP can compete against the barrier-compromising effect of negative modulators in SP when SP gains access to that epithelium's basolateral surface. Prophylactic elevation of zinc in an epithelial cell layer prior to contact by SP may help to protect an epithelial barrier from invasion by SP-containing STD microbial pathogens such as HPV or HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M. Mullin
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mary C. Valenzano
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - Rachael Deis
- Department of Biology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Sunil Thomas
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, United States of America
| | - E. Peter Zurbach
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Joseph’s University, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Luis J. Montaner
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
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11
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Tomescu C, Abdulhaqq S, Montaner LJ. Evidence for the innate immune response as a correlate of protection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 highly exposed seronegative subjects (HESN). Clin Exp Immunol 2011; 164:158-69. [PMID: 21413945 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2011.04379.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The description of highly exposed individuals who remain seronegative (HESN) despite repeated exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 has heightened interest in identifying potential mechanisms of HIV-1 resistance. HIV-specific humoral and T cell-mediated responses have been identified routinely in HESN subjects, although it remains unknown if these responses are a definitive cause of protection or merely a marker for exposure. Approximately half of HESN lack any detectible HIV-specific adaptive immune responses, suggesting that other mechanisms of protection from HIV-1 infection also probably exist. In support of the innate immune response as a mechanism of resistance, increased natural killer (NK) cell activity has been correlated with protection from infection in several high-risk cohorts of HESN subjects, including intravenous drug users, HIV-1 discordant couples and perinatally exposed infants. Inheritance of protective NK KIR3DL1(high) and KIR3DS1 receptor alleles have also been observed to be over-represented in a high-risk cohort of HESN intravenous drug users and HESN partners of HIV-1-infected subjects. Other intrinsic mechanisms of innate immune protection correlated with resistance in HESN subjects include heightened dendritic cell responses and increased secretion of anti-viral factors such as β-chemokines, small anti-viral factors and defensins. This review will highlight the most current evidence in HESN subjects supporting the role of epithelial microenvironment and the innate immune system in sustaining resistance against HIV-1 infection. We will argue that as a front-line defence the innate immune response determines the threshold of infectivity that HIV-1 must overcome to establish a productive infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Tomescu
- The Wistar Institute, HIV Immunopathogenesis Laboratory, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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