1
|
Jabbar A, Ashraf M, Rahman SU, Sajid MS. Prevalence, molecular characterization and antibiogram of Mycoplasma bovis isolated from milk in Pakistan. Pol J Vet Sci 2023; 26:461-471. [PMID: 37727701 DOI: 10.24425/pjvs.2023.145054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Mycoplasma bovis is a highly contagious pathogen that causes clinical or subclinical mastitis. The present study was aimed for the isolation, molecular characterization and antibiogram determination of M. bovis from raw milk samples. Milk samples were collected randomly from lactating cows and buffaloes from different tehsils of district Faisalabad, Pakistan. Samples were inoculated on modified Hayflick medium and biochemical tests were performed for further confirmation of isolated M. bovis. Out of total 400 milk samples, 184 (46%) samples were found positive for culture method. The 16S-rRNA gene polymerase chain reaction was performed for molecular characterization of isolated M. bovis strains. Out of total 400 milk samples, 240 (60%) positive for M. bovis through PCR method were examined. The 16S-rRNA gene PCR positive isolated M. bovis strains were sequenced and results were compared using Maximum-likelihood method and sequenced strains of M. bovis were aligned and analyzed by Clustal W software. Antibiogram of isolated M. bovis strains was analyzed by disc diffusion assay against eight commonly used antibiotics. Tylosin (30μg) and Tilmicosin (15ug) showed inhibition zones of 32.34 ± 1.10 mm and 17.12 ± 0.93 mm respectively against isolated M. bovis which were found sensitive. Isolated M. bovis was found resistant to other commonly used antibiotics. Statistical analysis revealed that p-value was < 0.05 and the odds ratio was >1.0 at 95% CI. This study complemented the lack of epidemiological knowledge of molecular characterization, comparative effectiveness and resistance trends of isolated M. bovis strains against commonly used antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Jabbar
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - M Ashraf
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - S U Rahman
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| | - M S Sajid
- Department of parasitology, University of Agriculture, Jail Road, Faisalabad, Punjab 38000, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Shah MZU, Sajjad M, Shah MS, Rahim M, Rahman SU, Hou H, Khan AU, Shah A. Wet-chemical assisted synthesis of MnSe/ZnO nanostructures as low-resistance robust novel cathode material for advanced hybrid supercapacitors. NEW J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1039/d2nj05682h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
We proposed a novel MnSe–ZnO-based binary nanocomposite synthesized via a wet-chemical assisted method which deliver high power and energy densities, suppressing previous reports on MnSe and ZnO with decent cycling durability with good rate performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zia Ullah Shah
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Sanaullah Shah
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rahim
- Department of Physics, International Islamic University, H10, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Shams ur Rahman
- Department of Physics, COMSATS University Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hongying Hou
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Afaq Ullah Khan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - A. Shah
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Hussain Z, Abbas S, Rahman SU, Hussain R, Sharif R. Belief and plausibility measures on pythagorean fuzzy sets and its applications with BPI-VIKOR. IFS 2022. [DOI: 10.3233/jifs-212098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fuzzy sets (FSs) with belief and plausibility measures in Dempster-Shafer theory (DST) are recognized as different methodology to model imperfect, uncertain, and vague information more accurately than probability. Various generalizations of DST to FSs are suggested in the numerous literatures but the generalization of DST to Pythagorean fuzzy sets (PFSs) has not yet been considered so far. In this paper, we first suggest an intuitive and simple way to develop a generalization of DST to PFSs with the characterization of belief function in terms of membership function and plausibility function in terms of 1-nonmemberhip function respectively. We give the interpretation of belief and plausibility on PFSs and then construct belief-plausibility intervals (BPIs) of PFSs. On the basis of suggested BPIs, we use Hausdorff distance to describe the distance between two BPIs and then construct several similarity measures in the generalized context of DST to PFSs. By utilizing the method of VIekriterijumsko KOmpromisno Rangiranje (VIKOR), the suggested belief and plausibility measures on PFSs in the framework of DST enable us to develop a belief-plausibility VIKOR (BP-VIKOR) to manage multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problems related to daily life settings. Numerical analysis with examples are given to show the suggested method is reasonable, and suitable in the environment of PFSs in the context of generalization of DST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zahid Hussain
- Department of Mathematical Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Sahar Abbas
- Department of Mathematical Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Shams ur Rahman
- Department of Mathematical Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Rashid Hussain
- Department of Mathematical Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| | - Razia Sharif
- Department of Mathematical Science, Karakoram International University, Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ullah A, Ali N, Ahmad S, Rahman SU, Alghamdi S, Bannunah AM, Ali R, Aman A, Khan J, Hussain H, Sahibzada MUK. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) a magic enzyme: it's role in diabetes mellitus and glucose homeostasis, interactions with fluroquionlones. A mini-review. BRAZ J BIOL 2021; 83:e250179. [PMID: 34524376 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.250179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a non-communicable disease throughout the world in which there is persistently high blood glucose level from the normal range. The diabetes and insulin resistance are mainly responsible for the morbidities and mortalities of humans in the world. This disease is mainly regulated by various enzymes and hormones among which Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is a principle enzyme and insulin is the key hormone regulating it. The GSK-3, that is the key enzyme is normally showing its actions by various mechanisms that include its phosphorylation, formation of protein complexes, and other cellular distribution and thus it control and directly affects cellular morphology, its growth, mobility and apoptosis of the cell. Disturbances in the action of GSK-3 enzyme may leads to various disease conditions that include insulin resistance leading to diabetes, neurological disease like Alzheimer's disease and cancer. Fluoroquinolones are the most common class of drugs that shows dysglycemic effects via interacting with GSK-3 enzyme. Therefore, it is the need of the day to properly understand functions and mechanisms of GSK-3, especially its role in glucose homeostasis via effects on glycogen synthase.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - N Ali
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S U Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - S Alghamdi
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Bannunah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Common First year Deanship, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Ali
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Khyber Medical University, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - A Aman
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - J Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Malakand, Chakdara Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - H Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| | - M U K Sahibzada
- Department of Pharmacy, Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Shafiq M, Huang J, Shah JM, Wang X, Rahman SU, Ali I, Chen L, Wang L. Characterization and virulence factors distribution of bla CTX-M and mcr-1carrying Escherichia coli isolates from bovine mastitis. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:634-646. [PMID: 33411963 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate the occurrence of ESBL and colistin-resistant E. coli and its genotypic characterization and identification of virulence determinants in cases of bovine mastitis in three provinces of China. MATERIALS AND METHODS Five hundred and thirty-five milk samples presenting mastitis symptoms were screened for the presence of ESBL, colistin-resistant and different virulence genes. Susceptibility testing was identified by the micro-dilution method. Escherichia coli isolates were used to detect ESBL genes (blaCTX-M , blaSHV and blaTEM ) and colistin-resistant genes mcr-(1-9). Multiplex PCR approach was used for the detection of major blaCTX-M groups, different phylogroups and virulence genes. The clonal relationship was then evaluated with MLST, MLSA and PFGE. RESULTS Multi-drug resistance (MDR) was found in more than 85% of ESBL and colistin-resistant E. coli isolates. Genotypic characterization showed a dominance of the blaCTX-M-1 group, and the most prevalent alleles observed were blaCTX-M-28 (38·37%), blaCTX-M-14 (17·44%), blaCTX-M-66 (13·95%) and blaCTX-M-55 (10·46%). The targeted virulence genes were detected in 97·89% of isolates. Sequence types ST58 and ST410 were the most predominant (2/20 = 20%). The majority of the E. coli isolates carrying ESBL and mcr-1 were clonally unrelated. CONCLUSION High level of association was observed between ESBL-producing and COL-resistance in E. coli of bovine mastitis. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report which shows the genetic diversity of ESBL and mcr-1, and various virulent features of E. coli strains isolated from bovine clinical mastitis in three different provinces of China. The major carriers of the blaCTX-M-1 and blaCTX-M-9 were blaCTX-M-28 and blaCTX-M-14 alleles respectively. The association of ESBL-producing E. coli with mcr-1 is of particular concern.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Shafiq
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J Huang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - J M Shah
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - X Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - S U Rahman
- College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, KP, Pakistan
| | - I Ali
- College of Animal Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Chen
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - L Wang
- MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rahman SU, Mosca RC, Govindool Reddy S, Nunez SC, Andreana S, Mang TS, Arany PR. Learning from clinical phenotypes: Low-dose biophotonics therapies in oral diseases. Oral Dis 2018; 24:261-276. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- SU Rahman
- Oral Biology; School of Dental Medicine; University at Buffalo; Buffalo NY USA
| | - RC Mosca
- Oral Biology; School of Dental Medicine; University at Buffalo; Buffalo NY USA
- Energetic and Nuclear Research Institute; Radiation Technology Center; São Paulo Brazil
| | - S Govindool Reddy
- Oral Biology; School of Dental Medicine; University at Buffalo; Buffalo NY USA
| | - SC Nunez
- Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Universidade Brasil; São Paulo Brazil
| | - S Andreana
- Restorative and Implant Dentistry; School of Dental Medicine; University at Buffalo; Buffalo NY USA
| | - TS Mang
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; School of Dental Medicine; University at Buffalo; Buffalo NY USA
| | - PR Arany
- Oral Biology; School of Dental Medicine; University at Buffalo; Buffalo NY USA
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- S U Rahman
- Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - P R Arany
- Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marks LD, Chiaramonti AN, Rahman SU, Castell MR. Transition from Order to Configurational Disorder for Surface Reconstructions on SrTiO_{3}(111). Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:226101. [PMID: 26196629 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.226101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in ternary oxide surfaces due to their role in areas ranging from substrates for low power electronics to heterogeneous catalysis. Descriptions of these surfaces to date focus on low-temperature explanations where enthalpy dominates, and less on the implications of configurational entropy at high temperatures. We report here the structure of three members of the n×n (2≤n≤4) reconstructions of the strontium titanate (111) surface using a combination of transmission electron diffraction, density functional theory modeling, and scanning tunneling microscopy. The surfaces contain a mixture of the tetrahedral TiO_{4} units found on the (110) surface sitting on top of octahedral TiO_{5}[] (where [] is a vacant octahedral site), and TiO_{6} units in the second layer that are similar to those found on the (001) surface. We find clear evidence of a transition from the ordered enthalpy-dominated 3×3 and 4×4 structures to a configurational entropy-dominated 2×2 structure that is formed at higher temperatures. This changes many aspects of how oxide surfaces should be considered, with significant implications for oxide growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L D Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - A N Chiaramonti
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
| | - S U Rahman
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| | - M R Castell
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
1. Domestic fowl and free-living birds were examined for the presence or absence of antibodies against hydropericardium syndrome (HPS) using an indirect haemagglutination assay. 2. Two-hundred and eighty serum samples of commercial (45 broilers, 20 adult layers and 15 Fayoumi fowl) and wild birds, including 65 peafowl, 45 pigeons, 10 crows, 30 house sparrows, 10 doves, 15 ducks, 10 parrots and 15 guinea fowl, were collected and examined. 3. The percentage of HPS-positive serum samples was 80% in house crows, 78% in pigeons, 7% in house sparrows and 6% in peafowl. 4. The sera obtained from parrots, doves, ducks and guinea fowl were all negative. 5. This study suggests that crows and pigeons could be carriers of the HPS agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Manzoor
- Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Inside Civil Veterinary Hospital, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rahman SU, Rafique M, Jabbar A. Radiological hazards due to naturally occurring radionuclides in the selected building materials used for the construction of dwellings in four districts of the Punjab Province, Pakistan. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2013; 153:352-360. [PMID: 22798275 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents the finding of a study undertaken to determine the naturally occurring radionuclides present in commonly used building materials for dwellings and workplaces in four districts of the Punjab Province, Pakistan. The concentrations of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K were measured by using gamma-ray spectroscopy. A total of 80 samples of building materials were collected from various manufacturers and suppliers of the studied area. The specific activities of (226)Ra, (232)Th and (40)K were measured in building samples, and results ranged from minimum values of 9 ± 1, 9 ± 2 and 27 ± 8 Bq kg(-1) to maximum values of 106 ± 5, 133 ± 5 and 914 ± 21 Bq kg(-1) with mean values of 42 ± 3, 48 ± 3 and 376 ± 16 Bq kg(-1), respectively. From the measured activity concentrations, equivalent radium (Ra(eq)), terrestrial absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose as well as external and internal hazard indices were calculated and found to range from 52 ± 7 to 274 ± 15 Bq kg(-1), 23 ± 3 to 130 6 nGy h(-1), 0.15 ± 0.02 to 0.80 ± 0.03 mSv, 0.14 ± 0.02 to 0.75 ± 0.04 and 0.2 ± 0.02 to 0.98 ± 0.05, respectively. These results were comparable to the results of similar studies undertaken locally and in other countries. The samples considered were safe for use in construction of dwellings in the study area and do not pose any significant source of radiation hazard.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S U Rahman
- Department of Medical Physics, Nuclear Medicine, Oncology and Radiotherapy Institute, NORI, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Rafique M, Rahman SU. Exposure of population from residential radon: a case study for district Hattian, Azad Kashmir, Sub-Himalayas, Pakistan. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2012; 152:98-103. [PMID: 22940793 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncs198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Indoor air quality has acquired considerable importance in recent years. Tighter buildings with poorer ventilation systems have led towards higher levels of indoor air pollution. Radon is considered to be most significant perilous gas among the various air contaminants found in the residential environment. To determine the risk posed by residential radon exposure, a survey was carried out in the Hattian district of the state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. In this context, 160 houses were carefully selected for the installation of CR-39-based National Radiological Protection Board-type detectors installation. After exposing the CR-39 detectors for a period of 90 d, they were etched in 6 M chemical solution of sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 80°C for a period of 16 h. The detectors were read under an optical microscope and observed track densities were converted into the indoor radon concentration using a calibration factor of 2.7 tracks cm(-2) h(-1) per kBqm(-3). For the current study, observed radon concentrations ranged from 35 to 175 Bqm(-3), whereas the mean annual effective radon doses received by the inhabitants of the area ranged from 0.88 ± 0.12 to 4.41 ± 0.20 mSv with an average value of 2.62 ± 0.12 mSv. These reported values are less than the limits (standards) recommended by the different world organisations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Rafique
- Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarbad, 13100 Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Naseem S, Rahman SU, Shafee M, Sheikh AA, Khan A. Immunomodulatory and growth-promoting effect of a probiotic supplemented in the feed of broiler chicks vaccinated against infectious bursal disease. Rev Bras Cienc Avic 2012. [DOI: 10.1590/s1516-635x2012000200004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Naseem
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - SU Rahman
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - M Shafee
- University of Balochistan, Pakistan
| | - AA Sheikh
- University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pakistan
| | - A Khan
- Livestock & Dairy Development Department, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Rafique M, Rahman SU, Rahman S, Shahzad MI, Ahmed N, Iqbal J, Ahmed B, Ahmed T, Akhtar N. Assessment of indoor radon doses received by the students in the Azad Kashmir schools, Pakistan. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2010; 142:339-346. [PMID: 20876069 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncq267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Several epidemiological studies conducted on thousands of underground miners suggest that long- term exposure to high radon concentration can increase the risk of lung cancer. Keeping in view the importance of the subject, numerous studies throughout the world have been carried out to measure indoor radon concentration and its resulting doses at occupational and non-occupational sites. The purpose of the current study was to measure indoor radon concentration and its resulting doses received by the students of Azad Kashmir government schools. For this purpose, CR-39 radon detectors were installed in 80 carefully selected schools. The detectors were placed at a height of 3-5 ft. (depending upon average height of students in particular class) from the ground. After exposure of 90 d detectors were etched for 9 h in 6 M NaOH at 70°C and the observed track densities were related to radon concentrations. The measured indoor radon concentration ranged from 22 ± 9 to 228 ± 3 Bq m(-3) with a mean value of 78 ± 5 Bq m(-3). Based on the measured indoor radon data, the annual effective doses were found to vary from 0.55 ± 0.04 to 0.71 ± 0.03 mSv y(-1). The overall mean effective dose for the studied area was found to be 0.63 ± 0.04 mSv y(-1). Reported values for radon concentrations and corresponding doses are lower than ICRP recommended limits for workplaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rafique
- Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu & Kashmir Muzaffarbad, 13100 Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Sandhu MA, Rahman ZU, Riaz A, Rahman SU, Javed I, Ullah N. Somatotrophs and lactotrophs: an immunohistochemical study of Gallus domesticus pituitary gland at different stages of induced moult. Eur J Histochem 2010; 54:e25. [PMID: 20558346 PMCID: PMC3167303 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2010.e25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2009] [Revised: 04/14/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the distribution of somatotrophs and lactotrophs and conduct a morphometrical analysis of immunoreactive somatotrophs and lactotrophs in the pituitary glands of White Leghorn Hens (Gallus domesticus) during the period of induced moult. We divided the periods of induced moulting into three phases viz. 7, 14 and 21 days. The labeled alkalinephsphatase method with anti-GH (growth hormone) and anti-PRL (prolactin) as a primary antibody was used to detect somatotrophs and lactotrophs, in the midsagital sections of chicken adenohypophysis. Immunohistochemistry showed that somatotrophs are not only confined to the cephalo-caudal axis but can also be found in the caudal lobe; while lactotrophs were distributed in both lobes of the anterior pituitary gland at all stages of moulting (7, 14 and 21 days). Lactotrophs were of different shapes but somatotrophs were oval to round in morphology. At the given stages of induced moulting, some hypertrophied lactotrophs were also present after 7 days of induced moult in the anterior pituitary gland. However, there were moulting-related changes: from 7 to 21 days of induced moulting the immunoreactive-PRL cell population decreased, while the mean lactotroph size was more than that of somatotrophs. Basic quantitative and morphological information relating to somatotrophs and lactotrophs during the period of induced moult in laying hens is reported here and the changes brought about by induced moulting are restricted to PRL positive cells rather than GH positive cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M A Sandhu
- Department of Physiology, PMAS, Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Rafique M, Rahman S, Rahman SU, Jabeen S, Shahzad MI, Rathore MH. Indoor radon concentration measurement in the dwellings of district Poonch (Azad Kashmir), Pakistan. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2010; 138:158-165. [PMID: 19828719 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncp203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The present study deals with measurement of indoor radon concentrations in dwellings of the district Poonch of the state of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. In this context, CR-39-based box-type radon detectors were installed in drawing rooms and bedrooms of 80 selected houses and were exposed to indoor radon for 3 months. After exposure, the CR-39 detectors were etched for 9 h in 6 mol NaOH at 70 degrees C and the observed track densities were related to radon concentrations. Measured indoor radon concentrations in the studied area ranged from 27 +/- 6 to 169 +/- 4, 29 +/- 6 to 196 +/- 4 and 31 +/- 5 to 142 +/- 2 Bq m(-3) in the drawing rooms and 74 +/- 5 to 172 +/- 3, 32 +/- 6 to 191 +/- 4 and 27 +/- 5 to 155 +/- 2 Bq m(-3) in bedrooms of the Abbaspur, Hajira and Rawalakot regions of the district Poonch, respectively; whereas weighted average radon concentration ranged from 93 +/- 6 to 159 +/- 4, 33 +/- 5 to 118 +/- 3 and 31 +/- 6 to 155 +/- 5 Bq m(-3) in the dwellings of Abbaspur, Hajira and Rawalakot, respectively. Estimated doses due to the indoor radon ranged from 2.35 +/- 0.15 to 4.00 +/- 0.10, 0.83 +/- 0.08 to 2.98 +/- 0.08 and 0.78 +/- 0.15 to 3.91 +/- 0.13 mSv y(-1) for Abbaspur, Rawalakot and Hajira, respectively. Comparing the current indoor radon results with those of the Health Protection Agency UK and US EPA (i.e. 200 and 148 Bq m(-3)) limits, majority of the houses surveyed in the present study are within the safe limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Rafique
- Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Rahman SU, Faheem M, Anwar J, Ziafat M, Nasir T. External dose assessment from the measured radioactivity in soil samples collected from the Islamabad capital territory, Pakistan. J Radiol Prot 2009; 29:499-505. [PMID: 19923640 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/29/4/004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
It is a well known fact that natural radionuclides are the major contributors towards the gamma ray exposure received by the general public. In this context, soil samples were collected from the Islamabad capital territory and activities due to (226)Ra, (232)Th, (40)K and (137)Cs were measured using gamma ray spectrometry: activities ranged from 41.5-106.2 Bq kg(-1), 4.0-193.8 Bq kg(-1), 325.3-657.4 Bq kg(-1) and 1.6-9.45 Bq kg(-1), respectively. From the measured activities, the external hazard index, internal hazard index, absorbed dose rate and mean annual effective dose were calculated. External and internal hazard indices were calculated as 0.76 and 0.95, respectively. The mean absorbed dose rate was found to be 130.97 nGy h(-1). The mean effective dose was estimated as 0.16 mSv y(-1), which is less than the maximum permissible dose of 1 mSv y(-1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S U Rahman
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rahman SU, Anwar J. Assessment of the dose received by students and staff in schools in the Rawalpindi region of Pakistan due to indoor radon. J Radiol Prot 2009; 29:273-277. [PMID: 19454794 DOI: 10.1088/0952-4746/29/2/n02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Studies concerning measurements of indoor radon levels were carried out in 60 schools in the Rawalpindi region of Pakistan. In each school, six CR-39 based NRPB type radon detectors were installed and exposed to the indoor radon in two cycles (each of six months' duration). After exposure, the detectors were removed, etched in 6 M NaOH for 16 h at 80 degrees C, and the tracks were counted under an optical microscope. The measured track densities were then related to radon concentrations, from which the radiation doses were calculated. The observed radon concentrations varied from 15 to 140 Bq m(-3), with an average activity concentration of 42.75 +/- 9.28 Bq m(-3). The mean annual radon effective dose equivalent was found to be 0.40 +/- 0.09 mSv using an occupancy factor of 8 h day(-1). Our results show that the indoor radon concentrations in the schools surveyed are within the permissible limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S U Rahman
- Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
|
19
|
Rahman SU, Ali N, Ali M, Mansoor S, Mahmood T. Adenocarcinoma of rectosigmoid junction metastatic to testis. J PAK MED ASSOC 2003; 53:38-9. [PMID: 12666853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S U Rahman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shaukat Khanum Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Greig JR, Khan MA, Hopkinson NS, Marshall BG, Wilson PO, Rahman SU. Pulmonary infection with Scedosporium prolificans in an immunocompetent individual. J Infect 2001; 43:15-7. [PMID: 11597150 DOI: 10.1053/jinf.2001.0808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We report a case of histologically confirmed Scedosporium prolificans pulmonary infection secondary to long-standing bronchiectasis that necessitated excision lung surgery. This case emphasizes the difficulties with the medical management of deep-seated fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J R Greig
- Department of Medical Microbiology, St. George's Hospital, Tooting, London SW17 0QT, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Romeo HE, Tio DL, Rahman SU, Chiappelli F, Taylor AN. The glossopharyngeal nerve as a novel pathway in immune-to-brain communication: relevance to neuroimmune surveillance of the oral cavity. J Neuroimmunol 2001; 115:91-100. [PMID: 11282158 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(01)00270-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Glossopharyngeal afferents may be the neural channel by which immune challenge of the posterior oral cavity conveys information to the brain. If this is the case, then bilateral transection of the glossopharyngeal nerves (GLOx) should disrupt this communication. Injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or interleukin (IL)-1beta into the soft palate (ISP) of sham-operated rats induced a dose-related febrile response. GLOx significantly attenuated the febrile response induced by ISP injection of both LPS and IL-1beta. In contrast, GLOx did not affect the febrile response when LPS or IL-1beta were injected intraperitoneally, indicating that the effect of GLOx is not systemic. These results provide experimental evidence for a novel neural pathway for immune-to-brain communication.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H E Romeo
- Department of Neurobiology and Brain Research Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Qing F, Rahman SU, Hayes MJ, Rhodes CG, Ind PW, Jones T, Hughes JM. Effect of long-term beta2-agonist dosing on human cardiac beta-adrenoceptor expression in vivo: comparison with changes in lung and mononuclear leukocyte beta-receptors. J Nucl Cardiol 1997; 4:532-8. [PMID: 9456194 DOI: 10.1016/s1071-3581(97)90012-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tachyphylaxis to the cardiac effects of beta-adrenoceptor stimulation after long-term beta2-agonist administration is well recognized, but the influence on global cardiac beta-adrenoceptor density has not been previously investigated in vivo. Positron emission tomography (PET) has made possible the noninvasive quantification of regional receptor density. This study assesses the effect of long-term beta2-agonist dosing on cardiac beta-adrenoceptors. METHODS AND RESULTS Beta-adrenoceptors in the hearts of 29 healthy male subjects aged 35 +/- 8 years were imaged and quantified in vivo by means of PET and compared with the receptor density in the same subjects' lung tissue. Mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) beta-receptor density was determined in vitro by means of a radioligand binding assay. Beta-receptor density was 8.41 +/- 2.03 pmol/gm tissue in heart, 10.81 +/- 1.91 pmol/gm tissue in lung, and 38.0 +/- 17.5 fmol/mg protein on MNLs. There was a weak relationship between cardiac and pulmonary beta-receptor densities (r = 0.45, p < 0.02) but not between cardiac and MNL receptor density. In seven subjects, the measurements were repeated after 2 weeks of albuterol treatment (4 mg orally twice daily and 200 microg inhaled four times daily in the first week, with doubling of the dose during the second week). After the albuterol treatment, beta-receptor density fell on average by 19% (p < 0.05) in the heart compared with 22% (p < 0.05) in the lung and 42% (p < 0.05) in MNLs. Correlations were found between the percentage changes in receptor density in heart and lung (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) and in heart and MNLs (r = 0.99, p < 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Two weeks of high-dose albuterol results in equivalent downregulation of beta-receptors in vivo, both in the lung and in the heart.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Qing
- Department of Medicine, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Qing F, Rahman SU, Rhodes CG, Hayes MJ, Sriskandan S, Ind PW, Jones T, Hughes JM. Pulmonary and cardiac beta-adrenoceptor density in vivo in asthmatic subjects. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1997; 155:1130-4. [PMID: 9116998 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.155.3.9116998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
To examine whether there is a primary deficit in beta-adrenoceptor density in asthma, pulmonary and cardiac beta-receptor density was determined in vivo with positron emission tomography (PET) in 10 male asthmatic subjects (36 +/- 8 yr of age) and compared with that in 30 age-matched normal male subjects (36 +/- 8 yr of age). Pulmonary beta-receptor density was 10.3 +/- 1.8 pmol/g tissue for the asthmatic group and 10.9 +/- 1.9 for the normal group. Cardiac beta-receptor density was 9.1 +/- 3.3 pmol/g for the asthmatic group and 8.8 +/- 2.3 pmol/g for the normal group. There was no difference in either pulmonary or cardiac beta-receptor density between the two groups. In addition, an inverse relationship was observed between FEV1 % predicted and pulmonary beta-receptor density in asthmatic subjects. In conclusion, beta-receptor numbers are normal in untreated asthmatic subjects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Qing
- Department of Medicine (Respiratory Division), Royal Postgraduate Medical School, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hayes MJ, Qing F, Rhodes CG, Rahman SU, Ind PW, Sriskandan S, Jones T, Hughes JM. In vivo quantification of human pulmonary beta-adrenoceptors: effect of beta-agonist therapy. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 1996; 154:1277-83. [PMID: 8912736 DOI: 10.1164/ajrccm.154.5.8912736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In human subjects, chronic beta2-agonist dosing reduces mononuclear leukocyte (MNL) beta-adrenoceptor numbers. The aim of this study was to investigate whether this downregulation also occurs in the lung. Seven healthy male subjects were treated for 2 wk with oral (up to 16 mg/d) and inhaled (up to 1.6 mg/d) albuterol (salbutamol in Europe). Pulmonary maximal beta-adrenoceptor binding capacity (Bmax) was determined in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET) and the beta-receptor antagonist ligand, 11C-labeled CGP-12177, before and after the 2-wk chronic dosing. MNL Bmax was also measured, using a radioligand binding assay and 3H-labeled CGP-12177. Bronchodilator responses to the beta2-agonist were determined after each PET scan by measuring the change in specific airway conductance (SGaw) after increasing doses of inhaled albuterol. Pulmonary and MNL Bmax fell by 22% +/- 14% (p < 0.05) and 42% +/- 19% (p < 0.05) respectively. The changes in pulmonary and MNL Bmax were correlated (r = 0.9, p < 0.05). There was also a reduction in the bronchodilator response to inhaled albuterol. In a further six subjects, pulmonary and MNL Bmax did not change during an acute infusion of albuterol (2 to 4 microg/kg/h). The reduction in pulmonary beta-adrenoceptor numbers after chronic albuterol dosing may be predictable from the changes observed in circulating MNL cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M J Hayes
- Medical Research Council, Clinical Sciences Center, Royal Postgraduate Medical School, Hammersmith Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Abstract
This is a retrospective study of the development of the social worker role within the multi-disciplinary team setting of the Accident and Emergency (A&E) Department at Burnley General Hospital over a 2-year period from October 1989 to October 1991.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B A Lewis
- Accident and Emergency Department, Burnley General Hospital
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rahman SU. Rectus sheath haematoma. Arch Emerg Med 1986; 3:255-6. [PMID: 2948516 PMCID: PMC1285379 DOI: 10.1136/emj.3.4.255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
27
|
Rahman SU, Mehta S. Recognising cardiac arrest and providing basic life support. BMJ 1986; 292:1463. [PMID: 3087480 PMCID: PMC1340465 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.292.6533.1463-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
28
|
Abstract
Four patients with multiple injuries including suspected closed hepatic injury are described, all of whom needed resuscitation in the Intensive Care Unit. All 4 had local signs suggesting hepatic injuries, but no evidence of generalized intraperitoneal bleeding. They were carefully monitored clinically, and the suspected diagnosis of hepatic haematoma was confirmed by ultrasound scanning and follow-up with repeated scans until complete resolution occurred. All made a satisfactory recovery and are well and asymptomatic, except for one patient who has residual orthopaedic disabilities.
Collapse
|
29
|
|
30
|
Rahman SU. Intraperitoneal rupture of pyonephrosis. Br J Urol 1975; 47:488. [PMID: 1191915 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-410x.1975.tb06243.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|