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Tong S, Wu R, Zhang L, Lu P, Hu X, Li Y, Peng J. Association of preoperative and recurrent serum carcinoembryonic antigen and outcome of colorectal cancer patients with metastatic relapse. Heliyon 2024; 10:e29347. [PMID: 38617920 PMCID: PMC11015133 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e29347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Seldom have the associations of preoperative CEA (p-CEA) and recurrent CEA (r-CEA) levels as well as changes in p-CEA and r-CEA with survival in patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer (CRC) who have experienced metastatic relapse, been thoroughly examined. Methods 241 consecutive patients with stage I-III CRC who experienced metastatic relapse at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) between January 2008 and January 2016 were investigated. The influence of p-CEA, r-CEA and CEA alteration on the overall survival (OS) and relapse-to-death survival (RDS) was evaluated. The restricted cubic spline regression model was employed to explore the optimal cut-off value of CEA. Results All 241 patients were categorized into four groups built on their CEA alteration patterns as follows: A, patients presenting elevated p-CEA levels but normal r-CEA levels (P-N); B, patients displaying normal levels of both p-CEA and r-CEA (N-N); C, patients exhibiting elevated levels of both p-CEA and r-CEA (P-P); D, patients with normal p-CEA levels but elevated r-CEA levels (N-P). The correlation between p-CEA and OS (P = 0.3266) and RDS (P = 0.2263) was insignificant. However, r-CEA exhibited a significant association with both OS (P = 0.0005) and RDS (P = 0.0002). Group A demonstrated the longest OS and RDS, whereas group D exhibited the poorest OS and RDS outcomes. For both OS and RDS, the CEA alteration groups served as an independent prognostic indicator. The optimal cut-off threshold for CEA was determined to be 5.1 ng/ml via the restricted cubic spline regression model. Conclusion r-CEA has a stronger correlation with OS and RDS in individuals with stage I-III CRC who have experienced metastatic relapse.The change between p-CEA and r-CEA could further indicate post-relapse survival, thereby facilitating the assessment of mortality risk stratification in stage I-III CRC patients experiencing metastatic relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyou Tong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Renping Wu
- Clinical College of Xiangnan University, Chenzhou, 423000, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yaqi Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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2
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Li Y, Xu J, Hu X, Chen Y, Liu F, Chen Y, Ma X, Dong Q, Sun L, Mo S, Zhang L, He X, Tong S, Wu H, Li W, Cai S, Zhu S, Pan Q, Peng J. Personalized circulating tumor DNA monitoring improves recurrence surveillance and management after curative resection of colorectal liver metastases: A prospective cohort study. Int J Surg 2024:01279778-990000000-01123. [PMID: 38445460 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000001236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Approximately 60% of patients with CRLM experience relapse within 2 years after radical resection, previous studies have proven that repeat local treatment (LT) could prolong survival, however, it is difficult to seize the window for LT due to the lack of a high-sensitive surveillance method. In this study, we aim to examine the value of longitudinal circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in guiding adjuvant chemotherapy (ACT), optimizing clinical surveillance strategy, and thereby improving CRLM outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective clinical trial using a personalized, tumor-informed ctDNA assay to monitor 60 CRLM patients undergoing resection with curative intent. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor samples were collected after surgery. Blood samples were collected before surgery, 30 days after surgery (post-OP), and every third month until relapse or up to 2 years. RESULTS A total of 394 plasma samples from 60 eligible patients were analyzed, with a median follow-up time of 31.3 months. Landmark analyses revealed that detectable ctDNA at post-OP (HR, 4.8), post-ACT (HR, 6.0), and end-of-treatment (EOT) (HR, 5.6) were associated with higher recurrence risk (P < 0.001). Post-OP ctDNA positivity served as the only independent prognostic marker in the multivariant analysis (HR, 5.1; P < 0.001). Longitudinal ctDNA analysis identified relapsed patients at both sensitivity and specificity of 100%. Most (75%) patients were found with radiological relapse within 6 months after the first detectable ctDNA with a median lead time of 3.5 months. In relapsed patients, 73.2% had oligometastatic disease and 61% were liver-restricted, of which 72.0% received repeat LTs, and 60.0% achieved a secondary no evidence of disease (NED) status. CONCLUSIONS Longitudinal ctDNA monitoring assists in early prediction of relapse, and thereby improves survival of CRLM patients by increased secondary resection rate and secondary NED rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jing Xu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yikuan Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Fangqi Liu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yun Chen
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Xiaoji Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiduo Dong
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory BGI, BGI-Tianjin, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Shaobo Mo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xingfeng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shanyou Tong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huizi Wu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shida Zhu
- BGI Genomics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
- Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Innovative Molecular Diagnostics, BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China
| | - Qi Pan
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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Fu Q, Xu L, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Liu Z, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Zeng H, Tong S, Wang T, Qi Y, Hu B, Fu H, Xie H, Zhou L, Chang Y, Zhu Y, Dai B, Zhang W, Xu J. Erratum to "Tumor-associated Macrophage-derived Interleukin-23 Interlinks Kidney Cancer Glutamine Addiction with Immune Evasion" [Eur. Urol. 75(5) (2019) 752-763]. Eur Urol 2024; 85:e27. [PMID: 37748971 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2023.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanyou Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Qi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoying Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hangcheng Fu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Huyang Xie
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weijuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Cluver CA, Bergman L, Bergkvist J, Imberg H, Geerts L, Hall DR, Mol BW, Tong S, Walker SP. Impact of fetal growth restriction on pregnancy outcome in women undergoing expectant management for preterm pre-eclampsia. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:660-667. [PMID: 37289938 PMCID: PMC10947051 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess whether coexisting fetal growth restriction (FGR) influences pregnancy latency among women with preterm pre-eclampsia undergoing expectant management. Secondary outcomes assessed were indication for delivery, mode of delivery and rate of serious adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of the Pre-eclampsia Intervention (PIE) and the Pre-eclampsia Intervention 2 (PI2) trial data. These randomized controlled trials evaluated whether esomeprazole and metformin could prolong gestation of women diagnosed with pre-eclampsia between 26 and 32 weeks of gestation undergoing expectant management. Delivery indications were deteriorating maternal or fetal status, or reaching 34 weeks' gestation. FGR (defined by Delphi consensus) at the time of pre-eclampsia diagnosis was examined as a predictor of outcome. Only placebo data from PI2 were included, as the trial showed that metformin use was associated with prolonged gestation. All outcome data were collected prospectively from diagnosis of pre-eclampsia to 6 weeks after the expected due date. RESULTS Of the 202 women included, 92 (45.5%) had FGR at the time of pre-eclampsia diagnosis. Median pregnancy latency was 6.8 days in the FGR group and 15.3 days in the control group (difference 8.5 days; adjusted 0.49-fold change (95% CI, 0.33-0.74); P < 0.001). FGR pregnancies were less likely to reach 34 weeks' gestation (12.0% vs 30.9%; adjusted relative risk (aRR), 0.44 (95% CI, 0.23-0.83)) and more likely to be delivered for suspected fetal compromise (64.1% vs 36.4%; aRR, 1.84 (95% CI, 1.36-2.47)). More women with FGR underwent a prelabor emergency Cesarean section (66.3% vs 43.6%; aRR, 1.56 (95% CI, 1.20-2.03)) and were less likely to have a successful induction of labor (4.3% vs 14.5%; aRR, 0.32 (95% CI, 0.10-1.00)), compared to those without FGR. The rate of maternal complications did not differ significantly between the two groups. FGR was associated with a higher rate of infant death (14.1% vs 4.5%; aRR, 3.26 (95% CI, 1.08-9.81)) and need for intubation and mechanical ventilation (15.2% vs 5.5%; aRR, 2.97 (95% CI, 1.11-7.90)). CONCLUSION FGR is commonly present in women with early preterm pre-eclampsia and outcome is poorer. FGR is associated with shorter pregnancy latency, more emergency Cesarean deliveries, fewer successful inductions and increased rates of neonatal morbidity and mortality. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. A. Cluver
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyStellenbosch University and Tygerberg HospitalCape TownSouth Africa
- Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for WomenMelbourneVIAustralia
- Translational Obstetrics GroupUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIAustralia
| | - L. Bergman
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyStellenbosch University and Tygerberg HospitalCape TownSouth Africa
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - J. Bergkvist
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyInstitute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - H. Imberg
- Statistiska KonsultgruppenGothenburgSweden
- Department of Mathematical SciencesChalmers University of Technology and University of GothenburgGothenburgSweden
| | - L. Geerts
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyStellenbosch University and Tygerberg HospitalCape TownSouth Africa
| | - D. R. Hall
- Department of Obstetrics and GynaecologyStellenbosch University and Tygerberg HospitalCape TownSouth Africa
| | - B. W. Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash School of MedicineMonash UniversityMelbourneVIAustralia
- Aberdeen Centre for Women's Health Research, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and NutritionUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - S. Tong
- Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for WomenMelbourneVIAustralia
- Translational Obstetrics GroupUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIAustralia
| | - S. P. Walker
- Mercy PerinatalMercy Hospital for WomenMelbourneVIAustralia
- Translational Obstetrics GroupUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVIAustralia
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Tong S, Li M, Bao Y, Zhang L, Lu P, Tong T, Peng J. Size and number of lymph nodes were risk factors of recurrence in stage II colorectal cancer. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:518. [PMID: 37280520 PMCID: PMC10243026 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-10935-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Size and number of lymph nodes (LNs) were reported to be associated with the prognosis of stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). The purpose of this study was to determine the prognostic role of the size of LNs (SLNs) measured by computer tomography (CT) and the number of retrieved LNs (NLNs) in the relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) among stage II CRC patients. METHODS Consecutive patients diagnosed with stage II CRC at Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center (FUSCC) from January 2011 to December 2015 were reviewed, and 351 patients were randomly divided into two cohorts for cross-validation. The optimal cut-off values were obtained using X-tile program. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression analyses were conducted for the two cohorts. RESULTS Data from 351 stage II CRC patients were analyzed. The cut-off values for SLNs and NLNs were 5.8 mm and 22, respectively, determined by the X-tile in the training cohort. In the validation cohort, Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated SLNs (P = 0.0034) and NLNs (P = 0.0451) were positively correlated with RFS but not with OS. The median follow-up time in the training cohort and the validation cohort were 60.8 months and 61.0 months respectively. Univariate and multivariate analysis revealed that both SLNs (training cohort: Hazard Ratio (HR) = 2.361, 95% Confidence interval (CI): 1.044-5.338, P = 0.039; validation cohort: HR = 2.979, 95%CI: 1.435-5.184, P = 0.003) and NLNs (training cohort: HR = 0.335, 95%CI: 0.113-0.994, P = 0.049; validation cohort: HR = 0.375, 95%CI: 0.156-0.900, P = 0.021) were independent prognostic factors for RFS whereas not for OS. CONCLUSION SLNs and NLNs are independent prognostic factors for patients with stage II CRC. Patients with SLNs > 5.8 mm and NLNs ≤ 22 are apt to have higher risk of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyou Tong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Menglei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichao Bao
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Cancer Research Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Lu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Tong Tong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Radiology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Radiology, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 270 Dong'an Road, 200032, Shanghai, China.
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Kennedy A, Vollenhoven B, Hiscock R, Stern C, Walker S, Cheong J, Quach J, Hastie R, Wilkinson D, McBain J, Gurrin L, Tong S, Lindquist A. O-085 School-Age Outcomes Among IVF-Conceived Children: A Causal Inference Analysis Using Linked Population-Wide Data. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac104.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
To determine the causal effect of in-vitro fertilisation (IVF) on primary school-age childhood developmental and educational outcomes, compared with outcomes following spontaneous conception.
Summary answer
The school-age developmental and educational outcomes for children conceived by IVF are equivalent to those of spontaneously conceived peers.
What is known already
More than 8 million children have been conceived globally with the assistance of in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Large cohort studies have suggested an increase in the frequency of congenital abnormalities, autism spectrum disorder, developmental-delay and intellectual disability in children conceived via IVF. Educational and cognitive outcomes following IVF conception have not yet been adequately established. Two large Scandinavian studies (Norrman et al 2018 and Wienecke et al 2020) found poorer educational outcomes in children born after IVF-conception.
Study design, size, duration
Causal inference methods (based on the potential outcomes approach) were used to analyse observation data in a way that emulates the results of a target randomised clinical trial. The study cohort comprised state-wide linked maternal and childhood administrative data from Victoria, Australia.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
The study included singleton infants conceived spontaneously or via IVF and born between 2005-2014. The exposure of interest was conception via IVF, with those born after spontaneous conception as the control group. Two separate measures of childhood outcome were examined: The Australian Early Developmental Consensus (AEDC), (age 4-6); and the National Assessment Program – Literacy and Numeracy (NAPLAN) at age 7-9. We combined inverse probability weighting with regression adjustment to estimate population average causal effects.
Main results and the role of chance
The final cohort included 412,713 children across the two outcome cohorts. Linked records were available for 4,697 IVF-conceived cases and 168,503 controls for AEDC outcome data, and 8,976 cases and 333,335 controls for NAPLAN data. The mothers of IVF-conceived children were older, more highly educated mothers, who lived in more socio-economic advantaged areas and were less likely to be from non-English speaking backgrounds. There was no causal effect of IVF-conception on the on the risk of developmental vulnerability at school-entry compared to spontaneously conceived children, as defined by AEDC metrics; with an adjusted risk difference of -0.3% (95% CI -3.7% to 3.1%) and an adjusted risk ratio of 0.97 (95% CI 0.77 to 1.25). At age 7-9 years, there was no causal effect of IVF-conception on the NAPLAN overall z-score, adjusted mean difference of 0.030 (95% CI -0.018 to 0.077) between IVF-conceived and spontaneously conceived children.
Given the use of observational data, there were missing data and inherent differences in the covariate profile of the exposure cohorts. Multiple imputation and doubly robust inverse probability weighting regression adjustment modelling was utilised to allow a causal interpretation of results.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Children who did not attend school due to severe disability were not included, possibly leading to selection bias. It is possible that unmeasured common cause confounders could have led to bias in estimating the average treatment effects.
Wider implications of the findings
This study, in contrast to previous evidence, suggests that conception via IVF does not affect early childhood developmental and educational outcomes. These findings provide important reassurance for current and prospective parents, and clinicians alike.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kennedy
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne , Australia
| | - B Vollenhoven
- Monash University, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne , Australia
| | - R Hiscock
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne , Australia
| | - C Stern
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne , Australia
| | - S Walker
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne , Australia
| | - J Cheong
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne , Australia
| | - J Quach
- University of Melbourne, Graduate School of Education, Melbourne , Australia
| | - R Hastie
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne , Australia
| | - D Wilkinson
- City Fertility Centre, Clinical Services, Melbourne , Australia
| | - J McBain
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne , Australia
| | - L Gurrin
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne , Australia
| | - S Tong
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne , Australia
| | - A Lindquist
- University of Melbourne, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Melbourne , Australia
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Zhang L, Chen Y, Chong CS, Ma X, Tong S, He X, Li Y, Cai S, Mo S, Peng J, Hu X. The genomic and transcriptomic landscapes of clock genes reveal the significance of circadian rhythm in the progression and immune microenvironment of metastatic colorectal cancer. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e755. [PMID: 35297192 PMCID: PMC8926903 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Long Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yikuan Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Choon Seng Chong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Xiaoji Ma
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanyou Tong
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingfeng He
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Sanjun Cai
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaobo Mo
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Peng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Hu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.,Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Tong S, Che H, Lei M. High-resolution TEM characterization of epitaxial passivation for a high nitrogen face-centered-cubic phase formed on AISI 304L austenitic stainless steel in borate buffer solution. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.139075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Peng Z, Xie T, Bai Y, Tong S, Zhao X, Bei Z, Zhao F, Cai J. 1425P Immune microenvironment and genomic alterations interpret heterogeneous response to immunotherapy in EBV-associated gastric carcinoma. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Gao J, Bai Y, Zhao X, Tong S, Cai J, Zhao F, Bei Z. 460P Somatic second hit increases the instability of genome in Chinese colorectal cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Li M, Miao P, Yu J, Qiu Y, Zhu Y, Tong S. Influences of Hypothermia on the Cortical Blood Supply by Laser Speckle Imaging. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2021; PP. [PMID: 34077361 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2009.2015181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Induced hypothermia has been broadly applied in neurological intensive care unit (NICU). Meanwhile, accidental hypothermia is also a threatening condition in daily life. It is meaningful to investigate the influences of temperature change on the cerebral blood flow (CBF). In the present study, temporal laser speckle image contrast analysis (tLASCA) was implemented to study the relative CBF change in cerebral artery, vein and capillary level under mild (35$\circ$C) and moderate (32$\circ$C) hypothermia. Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats (300±50g) were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital and randomly assigned to mild and moderate hypothermia groups (n=9 each). Laser speckle imaging trials were acquired from baseline (37$\circ$C), hypothermia (35$\circ$C or 32$\circ$C) and post-rewarming (37$\circ$C) phases. In the mild group, mean CBF in different vessels all increased throughout the hypothermic and post-rewarming phases. On the contrary, mean CBF reduced by 10% to 20% at 32$\circ$C and returned to ~95% of the baseline level during the post-rewarming session in the moderate group. Besides, in the moderate group, a CBF rebound in vein was found in the post-rewarming phase. Our results suggested that the CBF changed differently between mild and moderate hypothermia, which may worth for further study in clinical. And we demonstrated LSI as a promising method to achieve high spatiotemporal resolution CBF change with minimal invasion.
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Vicedo-Cabrera AM, Scovronick N, Sera F, Royé D, Schneider R, Tobias A, Astrom C, Guo Y, Honda Y, Hondula DM, Abrutzky R, Tong S, de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho M, Saldiva PHN, Lavigne E, Correa PM, Ortega NV, Kan H, Osorio S, Kyselý J, Urban A, Orru H, Indermitte E, Jaakkola JJK, Ryti N, Pascal M, Schneider A, Katsouyanni K, Samoli E, Mayvaneh F, Entezari A, Goodman P, Zeka A, Michelozzi P, de’Donato F, Hashizume M, Alahmad B, Diaz MH, De La Cruz Valencia C, Overcenco A, Houthuijs D, Ameling C, Rao S, Ruscio FD, Carrasco-Escobar G, Seposo X, Silva S, Madureira J, Holobaca IH, Fratianni S, Acquaotta F, Kim H, Lee W, Iniguez C, Forsberg B, Ragettli MS, Guo YLL, Chen BY, Li S, Armstrong B, Aleman A, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Dang TN, Dung DV, Gillett N, Haines A, Mengel M, Huber V, Gasparrini A. The burden of heat-related mortality attributable to recent human-induced climate change. Nat Clim Chang 2021; 11:492-500. [PMID: 34221128 PMCID: PMC7611104 DOI: 10.1038/s41558-021-01058-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Climate change affects human health; however, there have been no large-scale, systematic efforts to quantify the heat-related human health impacts that have already occurred due to climate change. Here, we use empirical data from 732 locations in 43 countries to estimate the mortality burdens associated with the additional heat exposure that has resulted from recent human-induced warming, during the period 1991-2018. Across all study countries, we find that 37.0% (range 20.5-76.3%) of warm-season heat-related deaths can be attributed to anthropogenic climate change and that increased mortality is evident on every continent. Burdens varied geographically but were of the order of dozens to hundreds of deaths per year in many locations. Our findings support the urgent need for more ambitious mitigation and adaptation strategies to minimize the public health impacts of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Vicedo-Cabrera
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Oeschger Center for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - N. Scovronick
- Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - F. Sera
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications ‘G. Parenti’, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - D. Royé
- Department of Geography, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - R. Schneider
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Φ-Lab, European Space Agency (ESA-ESRIN), Frascati, Italy
- The Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF), Reading, UK
| | - A. Tobias
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research, Barcelona, Spain
- School of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - C. Astrom
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Y. Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Y. Honda
- Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - D. M. Hondula
- School of Geographical Sciences and Urban Planning, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - R. Abrutzky
- Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Instituto de Investigaciones Gino Germani, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S. Tong
- Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | | | | | - E. Lavigne
- Air Health Science Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - P. Matus Correa
- Department of Public Health, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - N. Valdes Ortega
- Department of Public Health, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile
| | - H. Kan
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - S. Osorio
- Department of Environmental Health, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - J. Kyselý
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A. Urban
- Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - H. Orru
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - E. Indermitte
- Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - J. J. K. Jaakkola
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
| | - N. Ryti
- Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research (CERH), University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M. Pascal
- Santé Publique France, Department of Environmental Health, French National Public Health Agency, Saint Maurice, France
| | - A. Schneider
- Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München—German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - K. Katsouyanni
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Environmental Research Group, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - E. Samoli
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - F. Mayvaneh
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - A. Entezari
- Faculty of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Hakim Sabzevari University, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - P. Goodman
- School of Physics, Technological University Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - A. Zeka
- Institute for Environment, Health and Societies, Brunel University London, London, UK
| | - P. Michelozzi
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - F. de’Donato
- Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Hashizume
- Department of Global Health Policy, School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - B. Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M. Hurtado Diaz
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - C. De La Cruz Valencia
- Department of Environmental Health, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca Morelos, Mexico
| | - A. Overcenco
- Laboratory of Management in Science and Public Health, National Agency for Public Health of the Ministry of Health, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova
| | - D. Houthuijs
- Centre for Sustainability and Environmental Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - C. Ameling
- Centre for Sustainability and Environmental Health, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - S. Rao
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - F. Di Ruscio
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - G. Carrasco-Escobar
- Health Innovation Laboratory, Institute of Tropical Medicine ‘Alexander von Humboldt’, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - X. Seposo
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S. Silva
- Department of Epidemiology, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. Madureira
- Department of Enviromental Health, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
- EPIUnit—Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - I. H. Holobaca
- Faculty of Geography, Babes-Bolay University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - S. Fratianni
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - F. Acquaotta
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Torino, Turin, Italy
| | - H. Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W. Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health & Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - C. Iniguez
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Statistics and Computational Research, Universitat de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - B. Forsberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M. S. Ragettli
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Y. L. L. Guo
- Environmental and Occupational Medicine, and Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Taiwan University (NTU) and NTU Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan,Taiwan
| | - B. Y. Chen
- National Institute of Environmental Health Science, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan,Taiwan
| | - S. Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - B. Armstrong
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A. Aleman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of the Republic, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - A. Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J. Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T. N. Dang
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - D. V. Dung
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - N. Gillett
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modelling and Analysis, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Victoria, British Colombia, Canada
| | - A. Haines
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Φ-Lab, European Space Agency (ESA-ESRIN), Frascati, Italy
| | - M. Mengel
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
| | - V. Huber
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Potsdam, Germany
- Department of Physical, Chemical and Natural Systems, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain
| | - A. Gasparrini
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- The Centre on Climate Change and Planetary Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Centre for Statistical Methodology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Xu Y, Ye Y, Li J, Zhou Z, Tong S, Chen H, Pan J. Investigation on the Mechanism of Epstein-Barr Virus Encoded miR-BART13 Topromote Immune Evasion in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Yan L, Tong S, Absalom A, Daas ID, Park G, Taylor V, Chow D, Lee M, Zheng H, Chow A. THU0219 FIRST-INHUMAN STUDY OF SAFETY, PHARMACOKINETICS AND PHARMACODYNAMICS OF IRAK1/4 INHIBITOR R835 IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:Toll-Like Receptors (TLR) and Interleukin-1 Receptors (IL-1R) play a critical role in the innate immune response as microbial and tissue damage sensors, providing a bridge between the innate and adaptive immunity. Interleukin receptor associated kinases (IRAK) 1 and 4 are serine/threonine kinases that are essential for signaling downstream of most TLRs and IL-1Rs and the resulting production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Suppression of TLR and IL-1R signaling through inhibition of IRAK1/4 kinases is a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. We have identified a potent and selective IRAK1/4 inhibitor (R835) that showed dose-dependent inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a TLR4 agonist), and IL-1β induced serum cytokines in mice. R835 prevented disease onset and progression in multiple rodent models of inflammatory diseases, including arthritis and lupus models.Objectives:The aim of this FIH study was to characterize the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) of R835 after single or multiple dose oral administrations.Methods:This study was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind Phase 1 study in healthy subjects in three parts: single ascending doses (20 mg-1920 mg, Part A) with food effect in a separate cohort (480 mg), multiple ascending doses (120 mg and 960 mg, BID, Part B) with a caffeine interaction (960 mg cohort), and an intravenous LPS challenge test at 240 mg oral dose of R835 (Part C).Results:Single doses of up to 480 mg R835 in organic solution, single doses of up to 1920 mg R835 as capsule, multiple doses of 120 mg R835 Q12H (organic solution), and 960 mg R835 Q12H (capsule) were safe and well tolerated. All R835 related adverse events (AEs) were mild in intensity and reversible, and mostly associated with the higher doses of R835 in the organic solution. The most common AEs were headache and gastrointestinal disturbance. The PK of R835 was linear and dose proportional in exposure over the dose range studied. A nominal level of accumulation in plasma achieved rapidly upon repeated BID administrations with steady-state essentially attained in 2 days. A high-fat meal with the capsule formulation resulted in slow rate of absorption but had no effect on the extent of absorption. There was no effect of R835 on metabolism of caffeine (P450 CYP1A2 prototype substrate). In the LPS challenge test, R835 profoundly inhibited the acute release of cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MIP1α and MIP1β, but had no impact on CRP release.Conclusion:R835 was well tolerated after single or multiple dose administrations. The most common AEs were headache and gastrointestinal disturbance. For both of the formulations tested, the PK of R835 was linear and exposure was dose proportional with rapid steady-state attainment following BID administration. There was no drug-drug interaction by use of caffeine as the protype substrate. R835 inhibited the LPS induced release of cytokines in the serum, including TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8, MIP1α and MIP1β, mirroring preclinical data in mice. The desirable PK and safety profile combined with proof of mechanism, as demonstrated by inhibition of cytokine release, support progression of R835 into Phase II clinical development as an agent for the treatment of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.Disclosure of Interests: :Lucy Yan Shareholder of: Amgen, Rigel, Employee of: Amgen, Rigel, Sandra Tong Shareholder of: Rigel, Employee of: Rigel, Anthony Absalom: None declared, Izaak den Daas: None declared, Gary Park Shareholder of: Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Employee of: Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Vanessa Taylor Shareholder of: Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Employee of: Rigel Pharmaceuticals, Donna Chow Shareholder of: Rigel, Employee of: Rigel, Meng Lee Shareholder of: Rigel, Employee of: Rigel, Hanzhe Zheng Shareholder of: Rigel, Employee of: Rigel, Andrew Chow Shareholder of: Rigel, Employee of: Rigel
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Hossain MZ, Tong S, AlFazal Khan M, Hu W. Impact of climate variability on length of stay in hospital for childhood pneumonia in rural Bangladesh. Public Health 2020; 183:69-75. [PMID: 32438214 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2020.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pneumonia is a significant contributor to mortality and morbidity in children aged <5 years, and it is also one of the leading causes of hospitalisation for children in this age group. This study assessed the association between climate variability, patient characteristics (i.e. age, sex, weight, parental education, socio-economic status) and length of stay (LOS) in hospital for childhood pneumonia and its economic impact on rural Bangladesh. STUDY DESIGN An ecological study design was used. METHODS Data on daily hospitalisation for pneumonia in children aged <5 years (including patient characteristics) and daily climate data (temperature and relative humidity) between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2016 were obtained from the Matlab Hospital (the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh) and the Bangladesh Meteorological Department, respectively. A generalised linear model with Poisson link was used to quantify the association between climate factors, patient characteristics and LOS in hospital. RESULTS The study showed that average temperature, temperature variation and humidity variation were positively associated with the LOS in hospital for pneumonia. A 1°C rise in average temperature and temperature variation during hospital stay increased the LOS in hospital by 1% (relative risk [RR]: 1.010, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.001-1.018) and 9.3% (RR: 1.093, 95% CI: 1.051-1.138), respectively. A 1% increase in humidity variation increased the LOS in hospital for pneumonia by 2.2% (RR: 1.022, 95% CI: 1.004-1.039). In terms of economic impact, for every 1° C temperature variation during the period of hospital stay, there is an addition of 0.81 USD/day/patient as a result of direct costs and 1.8 USD/day/patient for total costs. Annually, this results in an additional 443 USD for direct and 985 USD for total costs. CONCLUSIONS Climate variation appears to significantly contribute to the LOS in hospital for childhood pneumonia. These findings may help policymakers to develop effective disease management and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Z Hossain
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
| | - S Tong
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia; Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - M AlFazal Khan
- Matlab Health Research Centre, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka, 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - W Hu
- School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Hastie
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
| | - B W Mol
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Vic., Australia
| | - S Tong
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Vic., Australia.,Translational Obstetrics Group, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Vic., Australia
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MacDonald TM, Hui L, Robinson AJ, Dane KM, Middleton AL, Tong S, Walker SP. Cerebral-placental-uterine ratio as novel predictor of late fetal growth restriction: prospective cohort study. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 54:367-375. [PMID: 30338593 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major risk factor for stillbirth and most commonly arises from uteroplacental insufficiency. Despite clinical examination and third-trimester fetal biometry, cases of FGR often remain undetected antenatally. Placental insufficiency is known to be associated with altered blood flow resistance in maternal, placental and fetal vessels. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of individual and combined Doppler blood flow resistance measurements in the prediction of term small-for-gestational age and FGR. METHODS This was a prospective study of 347 nulliparous women with a singleton pregnancy at 36 weeks' gestation in which fetal growth and Doppler measurements were obtained. Pulsatility indices (PI) of the uterine arteries (UtA), umbilical artery (UA) and fetal vessels were analyzed, individually and in combination, for prediction of birth weight < 10th , < 5th and < 3rd centiles. Doppler values were converted into centiles or multiples of the median (MoM) for gestational age. The sensitivities, positive and negative predictive values and odds ratios (OR) of the Doppler parameters for these birth weights at ∼ 90% specificity were assessed. Additionally, the correlations between Doppler measurements and other measures of placental insufficiency, namely fetal growth velocity and neonatal body fat measures, were analyzed. RESULTS The Doppler combination most strongly associated with placental insufficiency was a newly generated parameter, which we have named the cerebral-placental-uterine ratio (CPUR). CPUR is the cerebroplacental ratio (CPR) (middle cerebral artery PI/UA-PI) divided by mean UtA-PI. CPUR MoM detected FGR better than did mean UtA-PI MoM or CPR MoM alone. At ∼ 90% specificity, low CPUR MoM had sensitivities of 50% for birth weight < 10th centile, 68% for < 5th centile and 89% for < 3rd centile. The respective sensitivities of low CPR MoM were 26%, 37% and 44% and those of high UtA-PI MoM were 34%, 47% and 67%. Low CPUR MoM was associated with birth weight < 10th centile with an OR of 9.1, < 5th centile with an OR of 17.3 and < 3rd centile with an OR of 57.0 (P < 0.0001 for all). CPUR MoM was also correlated most strongly with fetal growth velocity and neonatal body fat measures, as compared with CPR MoM or UtA-PI MoM alone. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, a novel Doppler variable combination, the CPUR (CPR/UtA-PI), had the strongest association with indicators of placental insufficiency. CPUR detected more cases of FGR than did any other Doppler parameter measured. If these results are replicated independently, this new parameter may lead to better identification of fetuses at increased risk of stillbirth that may benefit from obstetric intervention. Copyright © 2018 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M MacDonald
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Translational Obstetrics Group, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Hui
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Translational Obstetrics Group, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A J Robinson
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - K M Dane
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - A L Middleton
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Tong
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Translational Obstetrics Group, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S P Walker
- Mercy Perinatal, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Translational Obstetrics Group, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Abstract
Global environmental changes, driven by the consequences of human activities and population growth, are altering our planet in ways that pose current threats to human health, with the magnitude of these threats projected to increase over coming decades if additional, proactive actions are not taken. Global changes, unprecedented in their geospatial and temporal scales, include climate change, marine pollution, ozone layer depletion, soil degradation, and urbanization. Climate change is the best studied. The health risks of a changing climate will become increasingly urgent as climate change affects the quantity and quality of food and water, increases air pollution, alters the distribution of vectors/pathogens and disease transmission dynamics, and reduces eco-physical buffering against extreme weather and climate events. Health systems urgently need to be improved to effectively address these emerging challenges. This paper provides an overview of the health consequences of climate change, and discusses how health risks can be minimized and avoided via mitigation and adaptation pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tong
- Shanghai Children's Medical Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Institute of Environment and Population Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; School of Public Health and Social Work, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
| | - K Ebi
- Center for Health and the Global Environment, USA
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Tam WK F, Tumlin J, Barratt J, Rovin H B, Roberts SD I, Roufosse C, Cook H, Tong S, Magilavy D, Lafayette R. SUN-036 SPLEEN TYROSINE KINASE (SYK) INHIBITION IN IGA NEPHROPATHY: A GLOBAL, PHASE II, RANDOMISED PLACEBO-CONTROLLED TRIAL OF FOSTAMATINIB. Kidney Int Rep 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2019.05.431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Fu Q, Xu L, Wang Y, Jiang Q, Liu Z, Zhang J, Zhou Q, Zeng H, Tong S, Wang T, Qi Y, Hu B, Fu H, Xie H, Zhou L, Chang Y, Zhu Y, Dai B, Zhang W, Xu J. Tumor-associated Macrophage-derived Interleukin-23 Interlinks Kidney Cancer Glutamine Addiction with Immune Evasion. Eur Urol 2019; 75:752-763. [PMID: 30293904 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2018.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutamine addiction is a hallmark of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC); yet whether glutamine metabolism impacts local immune surveillance is unclear. This knowledge may yield novel immunotherapeutic opportunities. OBJECTIVE To seek a potential therapeutic target in glutamine-addicted ccRCC. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS Tumors from ccRCC patients from a Shanghai cohort and ccRCC tumor data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) cohort were analyzed. In vivo and in vitro studies were conducted with fresh human ccRCC tumors and murine tumor cells. OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS Immune cell numbers and functions were analyzed by flow cytometry. Glutamine and cytokine concentrations were determined. Survival was compared between different subpopulations of patients using Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses. RESULTS AND LIMITATIONS We found that in ccRCC, high interleukin (IL)-23 expression was significantly associated with poor survival in both TCGA (overall survival [OS] hazard ratio [HR]=2.04, cancer-specific survival [CSS] HR=2.95; all p<0.001) and Shanghai (OS HR=2.07, CSS HR=3.92; all p<0.001) cohorts. IL-23 blockade prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice, promotes T-cell cytotoxicity in in vitro cultures of human ccRCC tumors, and augments the therapeutic benefits of anti-PD-1 antibodies. Mechanistically, glutamine consumption by ccRCC tumor cells results in the local deprivation of extracellular glutamine, which induces IL-23 secretion by tumor-infiltrating macrophages via the activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF1α). IL-23 activates regulatory T-cell proliferation and promotes IL-10 and transforming growth factor β expression, thereby suppressing tumor cell killing by cytotoxic lymphocytes. The positive correlations between glutamine metabolism, IL-23 levels, and Treg responses are confirmed in both TCGA cohort and tumors from Shanghai ccRCC patients. Study limitations include the unclear impacts of glutamine deprivation and IL-23 on other immune cells. CONCLUSIONS Macrophage-secreted IL-23 enhanced Treg functions in glutamine-addicted tumors; thus, IL-23 is a promising target for immunotherapy in ccRCC. PATIENT SUMMARY In this study, we analyzed the immune components in glutamine-addicted clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) tumors from two patient cohorts and conducted both in vitro and in vivo studies. We found that ccRCC tumor cell-intrinsic glutamine metabolism orchestrates immune evasion via interleukin (IL)-23, and IL-23-high patients had significantly poorer survival than IL-23-low patients. IL-23 should thus be considered a therapeutic target in ccRCC, either alone or in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Fu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Le Xu
- Department of Urology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiwei Wang
- Department of Urology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jiang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng Liu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyu Zhang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Quan Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Han Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanyou Tong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangyang Qi
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Baoying Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hangcheng Fu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Huyang Xie
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Urology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Chang
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Zhu
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Bo Dai
- Department of Urology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weijuan Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiejie Xu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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Jia X, He J, Lu H, Young L, Tong S. Real time cerebral blood flow monitoring by laser speckle contrast imaging after cardiac arrest with targeted temperature management. Ann Phys Rehabil Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rehab.2018.05.992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Paden CR, Yusof MFBM, Al Hammadi ZM, Queen K, Tao Y, Eltahir YM, Elsayed EA, Marzoug BA, Bensalah OKA, Khalafalla AI, Al Mulla M, Khudhair A, Elkheir KA, Issa ZB, Pradeep K, Elsaleh FN, Imambaccus H, Sasse J, Weber S, Shi M, Zhang J, Li Y, Pham H, Kim L, Hall AJ, Gerber SI, Al Hosani FI, Tong S, Al Muhairi SSM. Zoonotic origin and transmission of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in the UAE. Zoonoses Public Health 2018; 65:322-333. [PMID: 29239118 PMCID: PMC5893383 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the emergence of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, there have been a number of clusters of human-to-human transmission. These cases of human-to-human transmission involve close contact and have occurred primarily in healthcare settings, and they are suspected to result from repeated zoonotic introductions. In this study, we sequenced whole MERS-CoV genomes directly from respiratory samples collected from 23 confirmed MERS cases in the United Arab Emirates (UAE). These samples included cases from three nosocomial and three household clusters. The sequences were analysed for changes and relatedness with regard to the collected epidemiological data and other available MERS-CoV genomic data. Sequence analysis supports the epidemiological data within the clusters, and further, suggests that these clusters emerged independently. To understand how and when these clusters emerged, respiratory samples were taken from dromedary camels, a known host of MERS-CoV, in the same geographic regions as the human clusters. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus genomes from six virus-positive animals were sequenced, and these genomes were nearly identical to those found in human patients from corresponding regions. These data demonstrate a genetic link for each of these clusters to a camel and support the hypothesis that human MERS-CoV diversity results from multiple zoonotic introductions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. R. Paden
- Division of Viral DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science EducationOak RidgeTNUSA
| | | | | | - K. Queen
- Division of Viral DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science EducationOak RidgeTNUSA
| | - Y. Tao
- Division of Viral DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Y. M. Eltahir
- Abu Dhabi Food Control AuthorityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - E. A. Elsayed
- Abu Dhabi Food Control AuthorityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - B. A. Marzoug
- Abu Dhabi Food Control AuthorityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - M. Al Mulla
- Health Authority Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - A. Khudhair
- Health Authority Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - K. A. Elkheir
- Health Authority Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Z. B. Issa
- Health Authority Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - K. Pradeep
- Health Authority Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - F. N. Elsaleh
- Health Authority Abu DhabiAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - H. Imambaccus
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical CityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - J. Sasse
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical CityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - S. Weber
- Sheikh Khalifa Medical CityAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - M. Shi
- The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - J. Zhang
- Division of Viral DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Y. Li
- Division of Viral DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
| | - H. Pham
- Division of Viral DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
| | - L. Kim
- Division of Viral DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
| | - A. J. Hall
- Division of Viral DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
| | - S. I. Gerber
- Division of Viral DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
| | | | - S. Tong
- Division of Viral DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGAUSA
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Zhao L, Li Y, Li H, Omire-Mayor D, Tong S. The cerebral blood flow response dependency on stimulus pulse width is affected by stimulus current amplitude - a study of activation flow coupling. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2018; 2015:5888-91. [PMID: 26737631 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The coupling of cerebral blood flow (CBF) to neuronal activation, referred to as activation flow coupling (AFC), has been a fundamental brain physiology property. The stimulus-evoked CBF response was usually considered as a surrogate marker for neuronal activity in AFC studies. The selection of appropriate stimulation parameters, e.g., current amplitude and pulse width, is of great importance yet the effect of pulse width changes remained contradictory in previous studies. In this work, we use laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) to study the spatiotemporal CBF response to hindpaw somatosensory stimulation of different pulse widths (0.3 ms vs 1 ms) and current amplitudes (3 mA vs 6 mA) in a rodent experiment. The results showed that the change of pulse width significantly affected the CBF peak value at a lower current level (p<;0.05). In addition, the duration for observing significantly different average CBF response, denoted as td, at various pulse widths, was dependent on stimulus current amplitude. At a lower amplitude (3 mA), td was 6.5 s; While at a higher amplitude (6 mA), td was 2.5 s. It was indicated that the changes of pulse width had longer influence on the average CBF response at a lower current amplitude. Our findings may help to understand and explain the inconsistent AFC with different stimulation parameters in fundamental brain physiology.
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Pan J, Tong S, Tang J. LncRNA expression profiles in HBV-transformed human hepatocellular carcinoma cells treated with a novel inhibitor of human La protein. J Viral Hepat 2018; 25:391-400. [PMID: 29091324 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We previously identified a novel inhibitor of La protein, H11, which inhibited hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication by inhibiting the interaction between La protein and HBV RNA. However, the other cellular factors involved in this process remain unclear. To investigate the mechanism of H11-mediated inhibition of HBV infection, a lncRNA microarray analysis was performed using H11-treated and untreated stable HBV-expressing human hepatoblastoma HepG2.2.15 cells. The profiles of differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were generated and analysed using Gene Ontology (GO) and pathway analyses. The microarray data showed that 61 lncRNAs were upregulated, 74 lncRNAs were downregulated, 43 mRNAs were upregulated, and 44 mRNAs were downregulated in H11 treatment group when compared with the control group, and these results were consistent with qRT-PCR expression data. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the differentially expressed lncRNAs were involved in RNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing, regulation of viral genome replication and Jak-STAT signalling and apoptosis pathways. GO analysis showed that differentially expressed mRNAs were enriched in negative regulation of the Wnt signalling pathway and negative regulation of growth. Pathways analysis indicated that the differentially expressed mRNAs were involved in regulation of nuclear β-catenin signalling and target gene transcription, as direct p53 effectors, and in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors signalling and peroxisome pathways. Microarray data and qRT-PCR results indicated that H11 mediates inhibition of HBV replication by regulating the Wnt, β-catenin and PPAR signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Pan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - S Tong
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - J Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Palmer KR, Tong S, Kaitu'u-Lino TJ. Placental-specific sFLT-1: role in pre-eclamptic pathophysiology and its translational possibilities for clinical prediction and diagnosis. Mol Hum Reprod 2018; 23:69-78. [PMID: 27986932 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaw077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pre-eclampsia is a common obstetric complication globally responsible for a significant burden of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Central to its pathophysiology is the anti-angiogenic protein, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1). sFLT-1 is released from a range of tissues into the circulation, where it antagonizes the activity of vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor leading to endothelial dysfunction. It is this widespread endothelial dysfunction that produces the clinical features of pre-eclampsia including hypertension and proteinuria. There are multiple splice variants of sFLT-1. One, known as sFLT-1 e15a, evolved quite recently and is only present in humans and higher order primates. This sFLT-1 variant is also the main sFLT-1 secreted from the placenta. Recent work has shown that sFLT-1 e15a is significantly elevated in the placenta and circulation of women with pre-eclampsia. It is also biologically active, capable of causing endothelial dysfunction and the end-organ dysfunction seen in pre-eclampsia. Indeed, the over-expression of sFLT-1 e15a in mice recapitulates the pre-eclamptic phenotype in pregnancy. Therefore, here we propose that sFLT-1 e15a may be the sFLT-1 variant primarily responsible for pre-eclampsia, a uniquely human disease. Furthermore, this placental-specific sFLT-1 variant provides promise for use as an accurate biomarker in the prediction or diagnosis of pre-eclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Palmer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Rd, Clayton, 3168 Victoria, Australia.,Translational Obstetric Group, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, 163 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, 3084 Victoria, Australia
| | - S Tong
- Translational Obstetric Group, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, 163 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, 3084 Victoria, Australia
| | - T J Kaitu'u-Lino
- Translational Obstetric Group, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, 163 Studley Rd, Heidelberg, 3084 Victoria, Australia
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Moraru L, Cimponeriu L, Tong S, Thakor N, Bezerianos A. Characterization of Heart Rate Variability Changes Following Asphyxia in Rats. Methods Inf Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1633847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Summary
Objectives:
A non-invasive method to monitor the functioning of the autonomous nervous system consists in heart rate variability (HRV) analysis. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes on HRV after an asphyxia experiment in rats, using several linear (time and frequency domain) and nonlinear parameters (approximate entropy, SD1 and SD2 indices derived from Poincare plots).
Methods:
The experiments involved the study of HRV changes after cardiac arrest (CA) resulting from 5 min of hypoxia and asphyxia, followed by manual resuscitation and return of spontaneous circulation. 5 min stationary periods of RR intervals were selected for further analysis from 5 rats in following distinct situations: 1) baseline, 2) 30 min after CA, 3) 60 min after CA, 4) 90 min after CA, 5) 120 min after CA, 6) 150 min after CA. The ANS contribution has been delineated based on time and frequency domain analysis.
Results and Conclusions:
The results indicate that the recovery process following the asphyxia cardiac arrest reflects the impaired functioning of the autonomic nervous system. Both linear and nonlinear parameters track the different phases of the experiment, with an increased sensitivity displayed by the approximate entropy (ApEn). After 150 min the ApEn RRI parameter recovers to its baseline value. The results forward the ApEn as a more sensitive parameter of the recovery process following the asphyxia.
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Baumgartner C, Blinowska KJ, Cichocki A, Dickhaus H, Durka PJ, McClintock PVE, Pfurtscheller G, Stefanovska A, Tong S. Discussion of “Time-frequency Techniques in Biomedical Signal Analysis: A Tutorial Review of Similarities and Differences”. Methods Inf Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1627059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Bo B, Li W, Wang Y, Li Y, Tong S. Hemodynamic response to optogenetic stimulation varied under different stimulus parameters. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2017:4022-4025. [PMID: 29060779 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The coupling between neuronal activity and cerebral blood flow(CBF), known as neurovascular coupling, serves as the basis of functional brain imaging. Optogenetics provides a precise and selective approach to manipulate the activity in cell-specific neurons. It has been used in neuroscience research for comprehensive understanding about the light-evoked neurovascular coupling in rodent neuronal circuits. However, the spatiotemporal CBF response characteristics under different stimulus parameters such as pulse width and frequency remains unclear due to the lack of efficient CBF imaging technology. In this work, we used laser speckle contrast imaging(LSCI) to study the spatiotemporal hemodynamic response to optogenetic stimulation with different pulse widths (5ms, 10ms, 20ms) and frequencies (5Hz, 10Hz, 20Hz) in Channelrhodopsin-2(ChR2) expressing rats. The results showed that the averaged CBF response generally increased along with higher pulse width or frequency. The CBF peak response was significantly higher at 20ms and it took significantly shorter time to reach response peak at 5Hz. Our work adds additional insights in understanding the cell-specific neurovascular coupling mechanism and provides informative reference when applying ChR2 optogenetics in neurological disease research.
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Wang R, Fan Q, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Tong S, Li Y. White matter integrity correlates with choline level in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex of obsessive compulsive disorder patients: A combined DTI-MRS study. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2017:3521-3524. [PMID: 29060657 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2017.8037616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Structural and functional neuroimaging studies have indicated that the cortico-striato -thalamo-cortical (CSTC) circuit contributes to the pathophysiology of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). As an essential component of CSTC circuit, the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) plays an important role for its advanced function in cognition and emotion control. A comprehensive understanding of the dACC disruption in OCD pathological mechanism is desired. In this study, we performed a combined diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) study in 15 OCD patients and 15 healthy controls to investigate the association between structural abnormality and metabolic alterations within the dACC area. We found a positive correlation between the dACC fractional anisotropy (FA) value and choline concentration in patients. Moreover, the FA was positively associated with OCD clinical symptom, especially the compulsive behavior, which showed the clinical relevance of dACC white matter integrity in OCD. To our knowledge, the present work is the first combined DTI-MRS study of OCD. Our findings demonstrated the co-occurrence of structural and metabolic changes within dACC in OCD patients. It was suggested that the disrupted white matter integrity might be accompanied with degraded cellular membrane turnover.
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Zhang X, Tang Y, Zhu Y, Li Y, Tong S. Study of functional brain homogeneity in female patients with major depressive disorder. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2016:2562-2565. [PMID: 28268845 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Women are at a twofold higher risk of developing major depressive disorder (MDD) than that of men. However, the investigation of female MDD patients functional brain activity is rare and the detailed mechanism remains unclear. The present work is to explore the altered spontaneous neural activity measured with regional homogeneity (ReHo) in female MDD patients using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique. Twelve MDD females and twelve matched healthy participants were included in the study. The ReHo analysis method was used to detect regional homogeneity features across the whole brain. Increased ReHo value was found in the left anterior cingulate gyrus (ACC_L) and right fusiform gyrus, and decreased ReHo value in the right putamen, left middle frontal gyrus and left middle occipital gyrus was shown in female MDD patients compared to healthy controls. Also, a significant positive correlation between patients ReHo value and HAMA score (r = 0.59, p = 0.045) was found in the ACC_L. The study of spontaneous neuronal activity alteration using ReHo analysis improves our understanding about the mechanism of female depression.
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Zhu Y, Fan Q, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Tong S, Li Y. Spontaneous neuronal activity in insula predicts symptom severity of unmedicated obsessive compulsive disorder adults. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2016; 2015:5445-8. [PMID: 26737523 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7319623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence has suggested that the pathophysiology of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) might involve widely distributed large-scale brain systems. The dysfunction within salience network, which is comprised of dorsal anterior cingulated cortex (dACC) and bilateral insular areas, has been proposed to contribute to OCD onset. The mechanism underlying salience network abnormality remains unclear and it is worthwhile to investigate its clinical relevance using functional neuroimaging approaches. In this study, we performed the spontaneous brain activity measurement using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) on unmedicated OCD patients (n=23). Specifically, the amplitude of low frequency (0.01-0.08 Hz) fluctuations (ALFF) was calculated for regions in salience network. The voxel-based Pearson's correlative analysis was conducted to explore the relationship beween ALFF measures and symptom severity for OCD patients. The results showed that the spontaneous neuronal activity in insula was significantly correlated to OCD clinical symptoms, especially compulsive behaviors. Our findings consolidated that the salience network played an important role in the pathogenesis of OCD and the intensity of intrinsic brain activity in insula provided a predictive biomarker for OCD symptom severity.
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Tong S, Hughes K, Oldenburg BB, Mar CD. Colorectal Cancer Screening with Faecal Occult Blood Testing: Community Intention, Knowledge, Beliefs and Behaviour. Asia Pac J Public Health 2016; 18:16-23. [PMID: 16629434 DOI: 10.1177/10105395060180010401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the current community intention, knowledge, beliefs and behaviour regarding colorectal cancer (CRC) screening with faecal occult blood testing (FOBT). A cross sectional telephone survey of the general population was conducted in Queensland, Australia. A random sample of 1,136 residents aged 40-80 years were invited to participate in the survey with a response rate of 77.8%. 77.5% (95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 74.0 to 80.7%) of respondents reported that they would participate in CRC screening by FOBT if recommended to do so by doctors or health authorities. Screening intention was significantly associated with interest in further information concerning CRC or CRC screening (odds ratio: 6.7; 95% CI: 3.4 - 13.1), belief that CRC screening is necessary for persons without symptoms (5.0; 95% CI: 1.5 -17.1), and belief that treating bowel cancer in the early stages increases a person's chance of survival (5.1; 95% CI: 2.6 - 9.9). Knowledge of seeking medical advice (2.8; 95% CI: 0.9 - 8.7) and diarrhoea/constipation as a symptom of CRC (1.7; 95% CI: 0.9 - 3.2), self-initiated screening behaviour (1.5; 95% CI: 0.8 -2.9), and medical check a couple of times a year or more (2.4; 95% CI: 0.9 - 6.5) were also marginally significantly associated with screening intention. Community intention to screen for CRC with FOBT may have increased over recent years. Screening intention is associated with community knowledge, attitudes/beliefs and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tong
- School of Public Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4059, Australia.
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Sachdev J, Hu-Lieskovan S, Patnaik A, Eisenberg P, Weise A, Hutchinson M, West B, Gause C, Tong S, Ribas A. Phase 1/2a study of double immune suppression blockade by combining a CSF1R inhibitor (pexidartinib/PLX3397) with an anti–PD-1 antibody (pembrolizumab) to treat advanced melanoma and other solid tumors. Gynecol Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2016.04.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Özdal-Kurt F, Tuğlu I, Vatansever HS, Tong S, Şen BH, Deliloğlu-Gürhan SI. The effect of different implant biomaterials on the behavior of canine bone marrow stromal cells during their differentiation into osteoblasts. Biotech Histochem 2016; 91:412-22. [DOI: 10.1080/10520295.2016.1183819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
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Zhao Q, Tang Y, Chen S, Lyu Y, Curtin A, Wang J, Sun J, Tong S. Early perceptual anomaly of negative facial expression in depression: An event-related potential study. Neurophysiol Clin 2015; 45:435-43. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2015.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Hu-Lieskovan S, Patnaik A, Eisenberg P, Sachdev J, Weise A, Kaufman D, Aromin I, West B, Tong S, Ribas A. Phase 1/2a study of double immune suppression blockade by combining a CSF1R inhibitor (pexidartinib/PLX3397) with an anti PD-1 antibody (pembrolizumab) to treat advanced melanoma and other solid tumors. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv514.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Cluver CA, Walker SP, Mol BW, Theron GB, Hall DR, Hiscock R, Hannan N, Tong S. Double blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the efficacy of esomeprazole to treat early onset pre-eclampsia (PIE Trial): a study protocol. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e008211. [PMID: 26510725 PMCID: PMC4636658 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pre-eclampsia is a major complication of pregnancy, globally responsible for 60 000 maternal deaths per year, and far greater numbers of fetal losses. There is no definitive treatment other than delivery. A drug that can quench the disease process could be useful to treat early onset pre-eclampsia, as it could allow pregnancies to safely continue to a gestation where fetal outcomes are significantly improved. We have generated preclinical data to show esomeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor used for gastric reflux, has potent biological effects that makes it a worthwhile therapeutic candidate. Esomeprazole potently decreases soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFlt-1) and soluble endoglin secretion from placenta and endothelial cells, and has biological actions to mitigate endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. METHODS AND ANALYSIS We propose undertaking a phase II, double blind, randomised controlled clinical trial to examine whether administering 40 mg esomeprazole daily may prolong gestation in women with early onset pre-eclampsia. We will recruit 120 women (gestational age of 26+0 to 31+6 weeks) who will be randomised to receive either esomeprazole or an identical placebo. The primary outcome will be the number of days from randomisation to delivery. Secondary outcomes include maternal, fetal and neonatal composite and individual outcomes. Maternal outcomes include maternal death, eclampsia, pulmonary oedema, severe renal impairment, cerebral vascular events and liver haematoma or rupture. Neonatal outcomes include neonatal death within 6 weeks after the due date, intraventricular haemorrhage, necrotising enterocolitis and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. We will examine whether esomeprazole can decrease serum sFlt-1 and soluble endoglin levels and we will record the safety of esomeprazole in these pregnancies. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This study has ethical approval (Protocol V.2.4, M14/09/038, Federal Wide assurance Number 00001372, IRB0005239), and is registered with NHREC (ID 3649) and the Pan African Clinical Trial Registry (PACTR201504000771349). Data will be presented at international conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine A Cluver
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
- Translational Obstetrics Group, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan P Walker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben W Mol
- The Robinson Institute, School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Gerard B Theron
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - David R Hall
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Richard Hiscock
- Department of Anaesthetics, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - N Hannan
- Translational Obstetrics Group, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Tong
- Translational Obstetrics Group, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
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Xu Z, Hu W, Tong S. Extreme Temperatures and Paediatric Emergency Department Admissions. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv097.240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Gasparrini A, Leone M, Guo Y, Lavigne E, Zanobetti A, Schwartz J, Tobias A, Tong S, Bell ML, Guo YLL, Wu CF, Kan H, Yi SM, Hashizume M, Honda Y, Kim H, Armstrong B. Attributable Mortality Risk of Temperature: A Multi-Country Study. Int J Epidemiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyv097.239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kaitu'u-Lino T, Hastie R, Cannon P, Nguyen H, Lee S, Hannan N, Tong S. Transcription factors E2F1 and E2F3 are expressed in placenta but do not regulate MMP14. Placenta 2015; 36:932-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Özdal-Kurt F, Tuğlu I, Vatansever HS, Tong S, Deliloğlu-Gürhan SI. The effect of autologous bone marrow stromal cells differentiated on scaffolds for canine tibial bone reconstruction. Biotech Histochem 2015; 90:516-28. [PMID: 25994048 DOI: 10.3109/10520295.2014.983547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow contains mesenchymal stem cells that form many tissues. Various scaffolds are available for bone reconstruction by tissue engineering. Osteoblastic differentiated bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC) promote osteogenesis on scaffolds and stimulate bone regeneration. We investigated the use of cultured autologous BMSC on different scaffolds for healing defects in tibias of adult male canines. BMSC were isolated from canine humerus bone marrow, differentiated into osteoblasts in culture and loaded onto porous ceramic scaffolds including hydroxyapatite 1, hydroxyapatite gel and calcium phosphate. Osteoblast differentiation was verified by osteonectine and osteocalcine immunocytochemistry. The scaffolds with stromal cells were implanted in the tibial defect. Scaffolds without stromal cells were used as controls. Sections from the defects were processed for histological, ultrastructural, immunohistochemical and histomorphometric analyses to analyze the healing of the defects. BMSC were spread, allowed to proliferate and differentiate to osteoblasts as shown by alizarin red histochemistry, and osteocalcine and osteonectine immunostaining. Scanning electron microscopy showed that BMSC on the scaffolds were more active and adhesive to the calcium phosphate scaffold compared to the others. Macroscopic bone formation was observed in all groups, but scaffolds with stromal cells produced significantly better results. Bone healing occurred earlier and faster with stromal cells on the calcium phosphate scaffold and produced more callus compared to other scaffolds. Tissue healing and osteoblastic marker expression also were better with stromal cells on the scaffolds. Increased trabecula formation, cell density and decreased fibrosis were observed in the calcium phosphate scaffold with stromal cells. Autologous cultured stromal cells on the scaffolds were useful for healing of canine tibial bone defects. The calcium phosphate scaffold was the best for both cell differentiation in vitro and bone regeneration in vivo. It may be possible to improve healing of bone defects in humans using stem cells from bone marrow.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Özdal-Kurt
- a Department of Biology , Faculty of Sciences and Letters, Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
| | - I Tuğlu
- b Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
| | - H S Vatansever
- b Department of Histology and Embryology , Faculty of Medicine, Celal Bayar University , Manisa , Turkey
| | - S Tong
- c Veterinary Department of Konak Municipality , İzmir , Turkey
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Yuan L, Li Y, Lu H, Zhao L, Tong S. Early artery blood flow is more prognostic in rodent model of middle cerebral artery occlusion. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2014:2845-8. [PMID: 25570584 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6944216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) by intraluminal suture is one of the most commonly used stroke models. Our previous study has indicated that the intraoperative cerebral blood flow (CBF) immediately after the stroke is prognostic for long-term permanent injury. The area of more than 50% CBF drop at the first minute after the stroke was found significantly correlated with the lesion size at 24 hours after the stroke. In order to compare the prognostic of different vessels, in this study, we further analyzed the correlation between the CBF levels in major artery, vein and the capillary bed and the lesion volume at 24 hours respectively. The results show that ipsilesional artery blood flow is of more prognostic value in MCAO lesion than the CBF in veins and capillaries.
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Kaitu'u-Lino T, Hastie R, Cannon P, Lee S, Stock O, Hannan N, Hiscock R, Tong S. Stability of absolute copy number of housekeeping genes in preeclamptic and normal placentas, as measured by digital PCR. Placenta 2014; 35:1106-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Revised: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Tong S. Anthony John (Tony) McMichael. Assoc Med J 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g6673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Kaitu'u-Lino TJ, Hastie R, Cannon P, Binder NK, Lee S, Stock O, Hannan NJ, Tong S. Placental SEMA3B expression is not altered in severe early onset preeclampsia. Placenta 2014; 35:1102-5. [PMID: 25454475 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Revised: 09/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that Semaphorin 3B (SEMA3B) is upregulated in severe preeclampsia, and a major driver of cytotrophoblast aberrations in this disease. Here we independently assess whether SEMA3B expression is altered in a large cohort of severe early onset preeclamptic placentas. We demonstrate that SEMA3B relative mRNA expression and copy number are not changed in PE placentas. We confirm this at the protein level by western blot. Interestingly, exposure of term trophoblasts or explants to hypoxia induced a significant down regulation of SEMA3B mRNA, but a trend towards increased SEMA3B protein expression. We conclude that SEMA3B mRNA and protein is not altered in severe early onset preeclamptic placentas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Kaitu'u-Lino
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, 163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3804, Australia.
| | - R Hastie
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, 163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3804, Australia
| | - P Cannon
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, 163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3804, Australia
| | - N K Binder
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, 163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3804, Australia
| | - S Lee
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, 163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3804, Australia
| | - O Stock
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, 163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3804, Australia
| | - N J Hannan
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, 163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3804, Australia
| | - S Tong
- Translational Obstetrics Group, The Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mercy Hospital for Women, University of Melbourne, 163 Studley Road, Heidelberg, Victoria 3804, Australia
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Norman
- Tommy's Centre for Maternal and Fetal Health, MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Queen's Medical Research Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH16 4TY, UK
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Fereidouni S, Kwasnitschka L, Balkema Buschmann A, Müller T, Freuling C, Schatz J, Pikula J, Bandouchova H, Hoffmann R, Ohlendorf B, Kerth G, Tong S, Donis R, Beer M, Harder T. No virological evidence for an influenza A - like virus in European bats. Zoonoses Public Health 2014; 62:187-9. [PMID: 24837569 DOI: 10.1111/zph.12131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New members of the influenza A virus genus have been detected recently in bats from South America. By molecular investigations, using a generic real-time RT-PCR (RT-qPCR) that detects all previously known influenza A virus subtypes (H1-H16) and a newly developed RT-qPCR specific for the South American bat influenza-like virus of subtype H17, a total of 1571 samples obtained from 1369 individual bats of 26 species from Central Europe were examined. No evidence for the occurrence of such influenza viruses was found. Further attempts towards a more comprehensive evaluation of the role of bats in the ecology and epidemiology of influenza viruses should be based on more intense monitoring efforts. However, given the protected status of bats, not only in Europe, such activities need to be embedded into existing pathogen-monitoring programs.
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Horne A, Skubisz M, Tong S, Duncan W, Neil P, Wallace E, Johns T. Combination gefitinib and methotrexate treatment for non-tubal ectopic pregnancies: a case series. Hum Reprod 2014; 29:1375-9. [PMID: 24812320 PMCID: PMC4059335 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deu091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies are a rare subgroup of ectopic pregnancies implanted at sites other than the Fallopian tube. Mortality from non-tubal ectopic pregnancies is higher compared with that for tubal ectopic pregnancies, and they are becoming more common, partly due to the rising incidence of Caesarean sections and use of assisted reproductive technologies. Non-tubal ectopic pregnancies can be especially difficult to treat. Surgical treatment is complex, and follow-up after medical treatment is usually protracted. There is therefore a need for more effective medical therapies to resolve non-tubal ectopic pregnancies and reduce operative intervention. We have recently reported successful use of combination gefitinib (an orally available epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor) and methotrexate for treatment of tubal pregnancies. To our knowledge, this combination has not been used to treat non-tubal pregnancies. Here we report the use of combination gefitinib and methotrexate to treat eight women with stable, non-tubal ectopic pregnancies at two tertiary academic teaching hospitals (Edinburgh, UK and Melbourne, Australia); five interstitial and three Caesarean section scar ectopic pregnancies. Pretreatment serum hCG levels ranged from 2458 to 48 550 IU/l, and six women had pretreatment hCG levels >5000 IU/l. The women were co-administered 1-2 doses of i.m. methotrexate (50 mg/m² on Day 1, ± Day 4 or Day 7) with seven once daily doses of oral gefitinib (250 mg). The women were monitored until complete resolution of the ectopic pregnancy, defined as a serum hCG <15 IU/l. Time to resolution (days from first methotrexate dose until serum hCG <15 IU/l), safety and tolerability, complication rates and subsequent fertility outcomes were also recorded. All eight women were successfully treated with combination gefitinib and methotrexate. The most common side effects were transient acne/rash and diarrhoea, known side effects of gefitinib. All women promptly resumed menstruation and importantly, three women subsequently conceived spontaneously. Two have delivered a healthy infant at term and the third is currently in her second trimester of pregnancy. Hence, our case series supports a future clinical trial to determine the efficacy of combination gefitinib and methotrexate to treat non-tubal ectopic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A.W. Horne
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
- Correspondence address. MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK. Tel: +44-131-242-2694; Fax: +44-131-242-3441; E-mail:
| | - M.M. Skubisz
- Translational Obstetrics Group, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - S. Tong
- Translational Obstetrics Group, University of Melbourne, Mercy Hospital for Women, Heidelberg, VIC 3084, Australia
| | - W.C. Duncan
- MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - P. Neil
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - E.M. Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - T.G. Johns
- Centre for Cancer Research, Monash Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
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Menkhorst E, Gamage T, Cuman C, Kaitu'u-Lino T, Tong S, Dimitriadis E. Galectin-7 acts as an adhesion molecule during implantation and increased expression is associated with miscarriage. Placenta 2014; 35:195-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Littlejohn M, Davies J, Yuen L, Edwards R, Sozzi T, Jackson K, Cowie B, Tong S, Davis J, Locarnini S. Molecular virology of hepatitis B virus, sub-genotype C4 in northern Australian Indigenous populations. J Med Virol 2014; 86:695-706. [PMID: 24497078 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.23888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Indigenous Australians experience a significant health burden from chronic hepatitis B infection; however, the strain of hepatitis B virus (HBV) found among Indigenous Australians has not been well characterized. Blood samples were collected from 65 Indigenous Australians with chronic HBV infection from across the Top End of Australia's Northern Territory. Phylogenetic analysis of HBV from these samples revealed that 100% of the isolates were genotype C, sub-genotype C4, expressing the serotype ayw3. This strain is a divergent group within the HBV/C genotype, and has only been described in Indigenous Australians. Evidence of recombination was suggested by discordant phylogenetic clustering of the C4 sequences when comparing the full genome to the surface region and confirmed by recombination analysis which showed the surface gene region to be most closely related to genotype J, while the remaining regions of the genome were most similar to genotype C sequences. Mutational analysis revealed the presence of multiple mutations that have been linked with more rapid liver disease progression and an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. These mutations were detected in the majority of sequences examined. Variants associated with vaccine failure were detected as the predominant viral quasi-species in 3/35 samples. In summary, the HBV C4 variant found in this population has a high potential to cause advanced liver disease and to escape vaccination programs. Further in vitro functional and natural history studies are warranted in order to determine the clinical and public health consequences of infection with the HBV C4 variant in these communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Littlejohn
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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