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Sheethal S, Ratheesh M, Jose SP, Sandya S, Samuel S, Madhavan J. Anti-insomnia Effect of a Polyherbal Formulation on P-chlorophenyalanine Induced Experimental Animal Model. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:327-337. [PMID: 37768468 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-04035-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Sleep is a dynamic and controlled set of physiological and behavioural practices during which the stabilisation and restoration processes of the body take place properly. Therefore, sleep disorders, especially chronic insomnia, can harm an individual's physical and mental health. However, the therapeutic alternatives are limited and possess severe side effects. Thus, in this study, we aimed to investigate the anti-insomnia effect of a polyherbal formulation (Sleep) (SLP) on p-chlorophenyalanine (PCPA) induced insomnia in rats. Intraperitoneal injection of PCPA induced the experimental condition, and the therapeutic effect of SLP was evaluated by studying the sleep pattern and expression of various neurotransmitters and receptors, along with neurotrophins. Moreover, insomnia-associated oxidative stress and inflammation were also studied. From the findings, we found that the SLP-supplemented animals improved their sleeping behaviour and that the major neurotransmitters, hormones, and receptors were maintained at an equilibrium level. Furthermore, the neurotrophin level was increased and pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced. The evaluation of oxidative stress markers shows that the antioxidants were significantly boosted, and as a result, lipid peroxidation was prevented. The overall findings suggest that SLP can be used as an effective medication for the treatment of sleep disorders like insomnia as it triggers the major neurotransmitter system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sheethal
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, 686574, India
| | - M Ratheesh
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, 686574, India.
| | - Svenia P Jose
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, 686574, India
| | - S Sandya
- -Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Sarala Samuel
- -Research and Development, Kerala Ayurveda Ltd, Athani, Ernakulam, Kerala, India
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Ratheesh M, Jose SP, Sheethal S, Sindhu A, Sandya S, Asish A. Ameliorating effect of polyherbal formulation (Febrojith) on acute and chronic inflammatory model via inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. J Ethnopharmacol 2023; 317:116824. [PMID: 37348795 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Inflammation is a complex biological response of the tissue to noxious stimuli, which causes several debilitating inflammatory disorders. Currently, various conventional medicines are available, but their consumption causes adverse effects, hence researchers focused on alternatives like medical herbs from natural sources, as one of the most promising sources of therapeutic agents for inflammation. Febrojith is a well-known traditional Ayurvedic formulation obtained from the treasures of Ayurveda with a unique blend of herbs that are used effectively in preventing and combating a broad spectrum of infections, fevers, and also enhancing immunity for many years. However, its anti-inflammatory, efficacy and underlying mechanism remained unexplored. AIM OF THE STUDY In the present study, we investigated the chemical characterization and in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy of Febrojith (FB) on acute and chronic inflammatory models via inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. MATERIALS AND METHODS FB was analyzed for chemical characterization & its phytoconstituents by UV-Vis spectrum, FT-IR, and GC-MS analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity of FB was studied on carrageenan-induced acute and adjuvant-induced chronic experimental models. The inflammatory cytokines and mediators were measured using the ELISA & Colorimetry techniques. Histopathology and cytology of paw tissue and synovium were analyzed by H&E and Papanicolau's (PAP)-staining methods. RESULTS 100 mg/kg bwt was found to be a potent dose from the carrageenan model and evaluated its effect in the adjuvant-induced chronic arthritic model. In the chronic model, 84% of edema inhibition was observed at the dose of 100 mg/kg bwt. Moreover, the supplementation of FB was shown to significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decrease the TBARS level and activity of myeloperoxidase in the paw tissue. In addition, adjuvant-induced production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, PGE2, NO and COX-2 were suppressed in inflamed rats subjected to FB supplementation. It also revealed that FB supplementation significantly (p ≤ 0.05) reduced the haematological markers. From the histopathology and cytological analysis, we found a reduction in the edema formation, and infiltration of inflammatory cells after the supplementation of FB. CONCLUSION In conclusion, FB might be used as an effective and potent drug against inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ratheesh
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Svenia P Jose
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - S Sheethal
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - A Sindhu
- Research and Development, The Arya Vaidya Pharmacy (Coimbatore) Limited, India
| | - S Sandya
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Aditya Asish
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
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M R, S S, Jose SP, S S, Asish A, Jalam JK, Tilwani J, Jagmag T, Abhyankar M. Immunomodulatory Effect of a Polyherbal Formulation (Imusil) on Cyclophosphamide Induced Experimental Animal Model. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2023; 24:3729-3738. [PMID: 38019230 PMCID: PMC10772766 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2023.24.11.3729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In the present study, we investigated the immunomodulatory effect of a polyherbal formulation referred to as Imusil (IM) on cyclophosphamide (CP) induced immunosuppression model. METHODS CP induced experimental animal model was used for evaluating the immunomodulatory effect of IM. For the study, animals were divided into four groups. Group I is served as the normal control, group II is treated only with CP, group III is treated with the standard drug, levamisole and group IV is treated with IM. The experimental duration was 30 days. At the end of the study, we had evaluated various parameters such as immune organ index, liver marker enzymes, antioxidants, haematological analysis, Th1/Th2 cytokine balance and humoral immune responses were examined using ELISA kits, T-lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry, and histopathological analysis of the liver, spleen and thymus by H&E staining. RESULTS The results obtained from the study revealed that the treatment of immunosuppressed animals with IM significantly (p<0.05) reversed the immune response in a positive manner. Treatment with IM properly shields the immune organs and triggers the cell-mediated and humoral immune responses accordingly. Thus, no significant changes were observed in the haematological parameters. Moreover, IM supplementation helps to boost up the antioxidant activity, thereby preventing oxidative stress-mediated damage, and also protects the liver from the toxicity induced by CP. CONCLUSION The results suggest that IM has the ability to counteract the immunosuppressive effect of chemotherapeutic drugs by stimulating the immune system, along with its potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratheesh M
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Sheethal S
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Svenia P Jose
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Sandya S
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Aditya Asish
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Jatheera K Jalam
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | | | - Tariq Jagmag
- Glowderma Lab Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Sheethal S, Atray D. Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of Gram-negative bacilli isolated from lower respiratory tract infections. Indian J Med Spec 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/injms.injms_93_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
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Jose SP, M R, S S, Rajan S, Saji S, Narayanan V, S S. Anti-inflammatory effect of Kaba Sura Kudineer (AYUSH approved COVID-19 drug)-A Siddha poly-herbal formulation against lipopolysaccharide induced inflammatory response in RAW-264.7 macrophages cells. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 283:114738. [PMID: 34653521 PMCID: PMC8507575 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Medicinal importance and potential activity of Siddha herbal formulations have proved over several centuries against a wide range of causative agents as Influenza, Dengue, Chikungunya, and Tuberculosis. The traditional medicine system of Siddha is a valuable therapeutic approach for treating viral respiratory infections like Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and can be effectively employed to target the host response and preventive care to boost the immune system. Kaba Sura Kudineer (KSK), an official polyherbal formulation has been used in Siddha traditional medicine for centuries. However, the role of KSK in regulating inflammation and the underlying molecular mechanisms has remained elusive. AIM OF THE STUDY The goal of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of KSK using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Raw 264.7 murine macrophage cells were used for this study. The Inflammatory mediators and cytokines were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The NF-κB nulcear translocation and protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 was analyzed with westernblot. RESULTS KSK supplementation decreased LPS mediated TLR-4 production and secretion of pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokines including IL-6, TNF-α, COX-2 and PGE-2. Moreover, it inhibited the production of nitric oxide (NO) and thereby inhibited the expression of iNOS in the cell. The Western blot analysis further confirmed that KSK strongly prevented the LPS-induced degradation of IκB which is normally required for the activation of NF-κB and hereby suppressed nuclear translocation of NF-κB. The protein expression of iNOS, COX-2 was significantly decreased with the presence of KSK treatment. Results suggested that KSK manipulates its anti-inflammatory effects mainly through blocking the TLR mediated NF-κB signal transduction pathways. CONCLUSIONS Together, this study has proven that KSK could be a potential therapeutic drug for alleviating excessive inflammation in many inflammation-associated diseases like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenia P Jose
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Ratheesh M
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Sheethal S
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Sony Rajan
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Sangeeth Saji
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - Vimal Narayanan
- Siddha Clinical Research Unit SRCU, Safdarjung Hospital, A Unit of Central Council for Research in Siddha, New Delhi, India
| | - Sandya S
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science IISc, Bangalore, India
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Ratheesh M, Sunil S, Sheethal S, Jose SP, Sandya S, Ghosh OSN, Rajan S, Jagmag T, Tilwani J. Anti-inflammatory and anti-COVID-19 effect of a novel polyherbal formulation (Imusil) via modulating oxidative stress, inflammatory mediators and cytokine storm. Inflammopharmacology 2022; 30:173-184. [PMID: 35075553 PMCID: PMC8786592 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-021-00911-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
In the current scenario, most countries are affected by COVID-19, a pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that has a massive impact on human health. Previous studies showed that some traditionally used medicinal herbs and their combinations showed synergistic anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activity against SARS-CoV-2 type infections. Therefore, the goal of this study is to demonstrate the anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects of a novel polyherbal formulation, hereinafter referred to as Imusil, on Vero E6 cell lines and Raw 264.7 murine macrophage cells respectively. The Imusil was subjected to identify its chemical characterisations such as UV–Visible spectrum profile, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopic (GC–MS) analysis. FT-IR analysis of Imusil peak values with various functional compounds such as alcohol, esters, aliphatic and carboxylic acids. GC–MS analysis of compounds with totally 87 compounds major chemical compounds were identified, such as 3-(Octanoyloxy) propane-1,2-diyl bis(decanoate), Succinic acid, 2-methylhex-3-yl 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl ester, Neophytadiene, 3,5,9-Trioxa-4-phosphaheneicosan-1-aminium, 4-hydroxy-N,N,N-trimethyl-10-oxo-7-[(1-oxododecyl)oxy]-, hydroxide, inner salt, 4-oxide, (R)-. The anti-viral activity of Imusil against SARS-CoV-2 was assessed using plaque reduction assay and anti-inflammatory study was conducted on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. The results obtained from the study reveal that Imusil significantly inhibited SARS-CoV-2 replication in Vero E6 cells and the production of inflammatory mediator’s cyclooxygenase-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines like tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin- 6 were significantly reduced, along with thwarting the significant oxidative stress by preventing the expression of NOX-2 thereby inhibiting the reactive oxygen species formation. Hence, considering the current study as a novel strategy for mediating the COVID-19 associated aliments, inceptive scientific evidence of Imusil promises its potential therapeutic implications against COVID-19 and inflammatory conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ratheesh
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, 686574, Kerala, India.
| | - Sujatha Sunil
- Vector Borne Disease Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - S Sheethal
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, 686574, Kerala, India
| | - Svenia P Jose
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, 686574, Kerala, India
| | - S Sandya
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Sony Rajan
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, 686574, Kerala, India
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Rao J, S S, Vij A, Dalal AS. Microbiological Profile and Antibiogram of Blood Stream Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Southern Rajasthan. Indian J Med Microbiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.08.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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M R, Jose SP, IM K, S S, Saji S, S S. Curcumin-Galactomannoside Complex inhibits the Proliferation of Human Cervical Cancer Cells: Possible Role in Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:1713-1720. [PMID: 34181325 PMCID: PMC8418838 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.6.1713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the most common cancer and has the highest morbidity rate of gynaecological malignancies in women worldwide. So, the development of effective anti-cancer agents to treat this condition is vital. Considering the recent interest in free (unconjugated) curcuminoids delivery, the present study investigated the efficacy of a novel food-grade, free-curcuminoids (curcumin-galactomannoside complex; CGM) on cervical cancer cells (HeLa) of human origin. In this study, we examined the anticancer potential of CGM as well as its effects on the cell cycle and the apoptosis of HeLa cancer cell. METHODS Determination of anti-proliferative and apoptosis validation of CGM on HeLa cells was performed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5,-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), acridine orange/propidium iodide and annexin-V-fluorescein isothiocyanate assays. Measurement of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, Caspase activities and protein expression experiments were performed to investigate the potential mechanisms of action in the apoptotic process. RESULTS The cytotoxic assays revealed that the CGM showed inhibition of cell survival and exhibited high cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells at 25 μg/mL. Further studies on morphological changes were done in CGM-treated cervical cancer cells contributing to apoptosis. Flow cytometry analysis with Annexin V-FITC and PI staining precisely indicated that CGM induced apoptosis in HeLa cell lines at 25 μg/mL. By the supplementation of CGM showed an increase in Bax and cleaved caspase-8 protein in HeLa cells after 48 h exposure. CONCLUSION The evidence obtained from this study suggests that CGM is a potent and promising natural formulation against cervical cancer cells via induction of apoptosis through ROS mediated mitochondrial damage in HeLa cells. Hence, CGM could be further explored as a potential lead in treating cancer. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratheesh M
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Svenia P Jose
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Krishnakumar IM
- R & D Center, Akay Natural Ingredients Pvt.Ltd, Cochin, India.
| | - Sandya S
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India.
| | - Sangeeth Saji
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - Sheethal S
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
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M R, S S, Jose SP, Rajan S, Thomas S, Jagmag T, Tilwani J. Biochemical and immunological aspects of COVID-19 infection and therapeutical intervention of oral low dose cytokine therapy: a systematic review. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 43:22-29. [PMID: 33106053 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1842444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic has now spread to all corners of the world. It causes severe respiratory syndromes which is one of the leading causes of death. Evidence shows that the novel SARS-CoV-2 has close similarities with other coronaviruses, SARS and MERS. So, SARS-CoV-2 might use the similar mechanisms of these viruses to attack the host cells. The severity of COVID-19 is associated with various factors, one of the major reasons is immune dysregulation or immune suppression. Immunity plays a significant role in maintaining the body in a healthy condition. In order to induce a timely immune response against the invaded pathogens, both innate and adaptive immunity must be in an active state. During the viral infection, there will be an excessive generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines known as cytokine storm and also, the antiviral agents in the body gets inhibited or inactivated through viral mechanisms. Thus, this might be the reason for the transition from mild symptoms to more severe medical conditions which leads to an immediate need for the invention of a new medicine.This review aims to show the host-viral interaction along with immune response, antiviral mechanism and effectiveness of oral low dose cytokines against the virus as a therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratheesh M
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, India
| | - Sheethal S
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, India
| | - Svenia P Jose
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, India
| | - Sony Rajan
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, India
| | - Sulumol Thomas
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, India
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Mohan R, Jose S, Sukumaran S, S A, S S, John G, I M K. Curcumin‐galactomannosides mitigate alcohol‐induced liver damage by inhibiting oxidative stress, hepatic inflammation, and enhance bioavailability on TLR4/MMP events compared to curcumin. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2019; 33:e22315. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ratheesh Mohan
- Department of BiochemistrySt. Thomas College Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Svenia Jose
- Department of BiochemistrySt. Thomas College Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Sandya Sukumaran
- Department of Inorganic and Physical ChemistryIndian Institute of Science Bangalore Karnataka India
| | - Asha S
- Department of BiochemistrySt. Thomas College Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Sheethal S
- Department of BiochemistrySt. Thomas College Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Grace John
- Department of BiochemistrySt. Thomas College Kottayam Kerala India
| | - Krishnakumar I M
- R&D Centre, Akay Flavours & Aromatics Pvt Ltd Cochin Kerala India
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Saji S, Asha S, Svenia PJ, Ratheesh M, Sheethal S, Sandya S, Krishnakumar IM. Curcumin-galactomannoside complex inhibits pathogenesis in Ox-LDL-challenged human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Inflammopharmacology 2018; 26:1273-1282. [PMID: 29633105 DOI: 10.1007/s10787-018-0474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Oxidised low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) is a pro-atherogenic molecule, which induces inflammatory response and contributes to the pathogenesis of vascular dysfunction to atherosclerosis. The aim of the present study was to explore the anti-inflammatory effect of a novel bioavailable formulation of curcumin as 'curcumagalactomannosides' (CGM) against ox-LDL-induced inflammatory responses in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Curcumagalactomannosides was made from natural curcumin using the soluble dietary fibre (galactomannans) derived from fenugreek seeds (Trigonella foenumgracum) and the hPBMCs were isolated from healthy human volunteers. The cells were cultured in collagen-coated plates at 37 °C and grouped as Group I (Control), Group II (ox-LDL treated) and Group III (ox-LDL + CGM treated). Further analysis of inflammatory markers, reactive oxygen species and mRNA expression levels indicated significantly increased expressions of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-6 and VCAM-1 in ox-LDL-treated group along with the nuclear translocation of NF-κB. Other inflammatory markers such as LOX, PGE2, total COX and lipid peroxidation level were also found to be significantly (p < 0.05) increased upon ox-LDL treatment. The treatment with CGM on the other hand was found to down-regulate and reverse the ox-LDL-induced alterations indicating its potential anti-inflammatory effect on hPBMCs via. NF-κB signalling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangeeth Saji
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - S Asha
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | | | - M Ratheesh
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India.
| | - S Sheethal
- Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Pala, Kottayam, Kerala, India
| | - S Sandya
- Inorganic and Physical Chemistry Department, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - I M Krishnakumar
- R&D Centre, Akay Flavours & Aromatics Pvt Ltd, Cochin, Kerala, India
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