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Rege SD, Royes L, Tsai B, Zhang G, Yang X, Gomez-Pinilla F. Brain Trauma Disrupts Hepatic Lipid Metabolism: Blame It on Fructose? Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801054. [PMID: 31087499 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Revised: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The action of brain disorders on peripheral metabolism is poorly understood. The impact of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on peripheral organ function and how TBI effects can be influenced by the metabolic perturbation elicited by fructose ingestion are studied. METHODS AND RESULTS It is found that TBI affects glucose metabolism and signaling proteins for insulin and growth hormone in the liver; these effects are exacerbated by fructose ingestion. Fructose, principally metabolized in the liver, potentiates the action of TBI on hepatic lipid droplet accumulation. Studies in isolated cultured hepatocytes identify GH and fructose as factors for the synthesis of lipids. The liver has a major role in the synthesis of lipids used for brain function and repair. TBI results in differentially expressed genes in the hypothalamus, primarily associated with lipid metabolism, providing cues to understand central control of peripheral alterations. Fructose-fed TBI animals have elevated levels of markers of inflammation, lipid peroxidation, and cell energy metabolism, suggesting the pro-inflammatory impact of TBI and fructose in the liver. CONCLUSION Results reveal the impact of TBI on systemic metabolism and the aggravating action of fructose. The hypothalamic-pituitary-growth axis seems to play a major role in the regulation of the peripheral TBI pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha D Rege
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Luiz Royes
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Centro De Educacao Fisica e Desportos, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, 97105, Brazil
| | - Brandon Tsai
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Guanglin Zhang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Xia Yang
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Fernando Gomez-Pinilla
- Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Brain Injury Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
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Rege SD, Geetha T, Broderick TL, Babu JR. Resveratrol protects β amyloid-induced oxidative damage and memory associated proteins in H19-7 hippocampal neuronal cells. Curr Alzheimer Res 2015; 12:147-56. [PMID: 25654502 DOI: 10.2174/1567205012666150204130009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Resveratrol (trans-3, 5, 4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenolic phytoalexin known to exhibit antioxidant and neuroprotective effects in several experimental models. Amyloid β peptide (Aβ), a core component of extracellular senile plaques accumulates in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease and is related to the development of cognitive impairment and neuronal loss. The present study evaluates the neuroprotective action of resveratrol on Aβ-induced oxidative stress and memory loss. Cultured rat hippocampal H19-7 neuronal cell line was pretreated with 75 μM of resveratrol for 2 hrs followed by 25 μM of Aβ (1-40) for 24 hrs. H19-7 cells treated with Aβ exhibited increased lipid peroxide levels. Enzymatic antioxidants including superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione reductase, and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as tocopherol, ascorbic acid and glutathione were decreased in the Aβ treated group when compared to the control group. Aβ treatment also increased the expression of total tau as well as phosphorylated forms of tau (CP13, S202/205; PHF1, S396/404) and decreased the expression of insulin degrading enzyme (IDE), phosphoglycogen synthase kinase 3β involved in Aβ degradation and tau hyper phosphorylation. Expression of PSD-95 and Arc proteins, essential for synaptic maturity and plasticity, was decreased by Aβ treatment. Resveratrol treatment attenuated the accumulation of lipid peroxide levels, up-regulated the antioxidant activities and improved the expression of memory-associated proteins in Aβ treated H19-7 cells. These findings highlight the neuroprotective effect of resveratrol in preventing Aβ-induced oxidative damage and memory loss in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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Pondugula SR, Flannery PC, Apte U, Babu JR, Geetha T, Rege SD, Chen T, Abbott KL. Mg2+/Mn2+-dependent phosphatase 1A is involved in regulating pregnane X receptor-mediated cytochrome p450 3A4 gene expression. Drug Metab Dispos 2015; 43:385-91. [PMID: 25561723 PMCID: PMC11024896 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.062083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Variations in the expression of human pregnane X receptor (hPXR)-mediated cytochrome p450 3A4 (CYP3A4) in liver can alter therapeutic response to a variety of drugs and may lead to potential adverse drug interactions. We sought to determine whether Mg(2+)/Mn(2+)-dependent phosphatase 1A (PPM1A) regulates hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression. PPM1A was found to be coimmunoprecipitated with hPXR. Genetic or pharmacologic activation of PPM1A led to a significant increase in hPXR transactivation of CYP3A4 promoter activity. In contrast, knockdown of endogenous PPM1A not only attenuated hPXR transactivation, but also increased proliferation of HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells, suggesting that PPM1A expression levels regulate hPXR, and that PPM1A expression is regulated in a proliferation-dependent manner. Indeed, PPM1A expression and hPXR transactivation were found to be significantly reduced in subconfluent HepG2 cells compared with confluent HepG2 cells, suggesting that both PPM1A expression and hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression may be downregulated in proliferating livers. Elevated PPM1A levels led to attenuation of hPXR inhibition by tumor necrosis factor-α and cyclin-dependent kinase-2, which are known to be upregulated and essential during liver regeneration. In mouse regenerating livers, similar to subconfluent HepG2 cells, expression of both PPM1A and the mouse PXR target gene cyp3a11 was found to be downregulated. Our results show that PPM1A can positively regulate PXR activity by counteracting PXR inhibitory signaling pathways that play a major role in liver regeneration. These results implicate a novel role for PPM1A in regulating hPXR-mediated CYP3A4 expression in hepatocytes and may explain a mechanism for CYP3A repression in regenerating livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyanarayana R Pondugula
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Patrick C Flannery
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Udayan Apte
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Shraddha D Rege
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Taosheng Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Kodye L Abbott
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology (S.R.P., P.C.F., K.L.A.) and Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management (J.R.B., S.D.R.), Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama; Department of Chemistry (T.G.), Auburn University at Montgomery, Montgomery, Alabama; Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics (T.C.), St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee; and Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutics (U.A.), University of Kansas, Kansas City, Kansas
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Rege SD, Geetha T, Griffin GD, Broderick TL, Babu JR. Neuroprotective effects of resveratrol in Alzheimer disease pathology. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:218. [PMID: 25309423 PMCID: PMC4161050 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized by a progressive loss of cognitive and behavioral abilities. Extracellular senile plaques and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles are hallmarks of AD. Researchers aim to analyze the molecular mechanisms underlying AD pathogenesis; however, the therapeutic options available to treat this disease are inadequate. In the past few years, several studies have reported interesting insights about the neuroprotective properties of the polyphenolic compound resveratrol (3, 5, 4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) when used with in vitro and in vivo models of AD. The aim of this review is to focus on the neuroprotective and antioxidant effects of resveratrol on AD and its multiple potential mechanisms of action. In addition, because the naturally occurring forms of resveratrol have a very limited half-life in plasma, a description of potential analogs aimed at increasing the bioavailability in plasma is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha D Rege
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Thangiah Geetha
- Department of Chemistry, Auburn University at Montgomery Montgomery, AL, USA
| | - Gerald D Griffin
- Department of Biology, Tuskegee Institute, Tuskegee University AL, USA
| | - Tom L Broderick
- Laboratory of Diabetes and Exercise Metabolism, Department of Physiology, Midwestern University Glendale, AZ, USA
| | - Jeganathan Ramesh Babu
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Hospitality Management, Auburn University Auburn, AL, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical staging and management of both primary and metastatic lung lesions depends on accurate imaging techniques. Biochemical imaging with positron emission tomography, (PET), and the glucose analog 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose, (FDG), complements anatomic imaging with conventional radiologic methods. METHODS A new "whole-body" PET FDG technique that produces two-dimensional, nontomographic and tomographic longitudinal images of the entire body has been developed at UCLA. Sixteen patients with known pulmonary nodules who had undergone thoracic computed tomography (CT) were studied with whole-body PET FDG imaging at the UCLA Medical Center. RESULTS This PET FDG imaging method identified metabolically active tumor foci in all eight patients with bronchogenic carcinomas, four patients with metastatic lesions to the thorax, and two patients with Hodgkin disease. All diagnoses were confirmed histologically. Additionally, the PET FDG technique detected extrathoracic metastases in 4 of 16 patients. Thoracic CT was not diagnostic of neoplasm in two of the eight patients with bronchogenic carcinomas. In one patient with an ACTH-producing bronchial carcinoid, the lesion ultimately was detected on high-resolution CT but was not metabolically active on PET FDG imaging. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of whole-body PET FDG imaging in patients with thoracic lesions. PET FDG imaging accurately detected metabolically active tumor (both intrathoracic and extrathoracic) in patients with bronchogenic carcinoma, pulmonary metastatic disease, and Hodgkin lymphoma. Because lung cancer is characteristically a multisystem disease, this whole-body PET FDG technique has significant implications for treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Rege
- Department of Radiological Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine 90024-1721
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