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Mena F, Azzopardi M, Pfennig S, Ruepert C, Tedengren M, Castillo LE, Gunnarsson JS. Use of cholinesterase activity as a biomarker of pesticide exposure used on Costa Rican banana plantations in the native tropical fish Astyanax aeneus (Günther, 1860). J Environ Biol 2014; 35:35-42. [PMID: 24579519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In Costa Rica, thousands of tones of agricultural pesticides have been used for decades and their use is continuously increasing due to intensive and expanding production of coffee, pineapple, rice, ornamental plants and bananas. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether choline esterase (ChE) activity could be used as a biomarker of exposure to pesticides in the Costa Rican native fish Astyanax aeneus (characidae). Three methods used in order to evaluate the ChE biomarker were as follows: Laboratory studies where A. aeneus was exposed to organophosphate pesticide (ethoprophos); In situ 48 hr exposure assessment using caging experiments with fish exposed upstream and downstream of banana plantations and ChE activity estimation of in fish captured directly at sites with different degrees of pesticide exposure. Results from the laboratory studies showed that ChE activity in both brain and muscle tissue was significantly lower in fish exposed to ethoprophos than in controls. Fish from the caging experiments showed no difference in ChE activity neither in brain nor in muscle tissue between the four tested sites and was attributed to the short duration of the exposure. Asignificant difference in ChE activity was determined in muscle of fish captured from Laguna Madre de Dios compared to fish from Canal Batán. Although our laboratory results revealed that ChE activity in A. aeneus was highly responsive to ethoprophos, results from field experiments were less conclusive and showed that the captured fish showed large variability in ChE activity and that more research is needed before ChE activity can be used as reliable biomarker of pesticide exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Mena
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Campus Omar Dengo, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica.
| | - M Azzopardi
- Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - S Pfennig
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Campus Omar Dengo, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - C Ruepert
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Campus Omar Dengo, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - M Tedengren
- Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - L E Castillo
- Central American Institute for Studies on Toxic Substances/Instituto Regional de Estudios en Sustancias Tóxicas (IRET), Universidad Nacional, Campus Omar Dengo, 86-3000, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | - J S Gunnarsson
- Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University, SE-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Glas J, Seiderer J, Fischer D, Tengler B, Pfennig S, Wetzke M, Beigel F, Olszak T, Weidinger M, Göke B, Ochsenkühn T, Folwaczny M, Müller-Myhsok B, Diegelmann J, Czamara D, Brand S. Pregnane X receptor (PXR/NR1I2) gene haplotypes modulate susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:1917-24. [PMID: 21830270 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The pregnane X receptor (PXR/NR1I2) is an important regulator of xenobiotic metabolism and intestinal integrity. However, there are controversial studies on the role of PXR/NR1I2 in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We therefore initiated the largest analysis to date on PXR/NR1I2 gene variants in IBD patients. METHODS Genomic DNA from 2823 individuals of Caucasian origin including 859 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 464 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 1500 healthy, unrelated controls was analyzed for eight PXR/NR1I2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (rs12721602 (-25564), rs3814055 (-25385), rs1523128 (-24756), rs1523127 (-24381), rs45610735 = p.Gly36Arg (+106), rs6785049 (+7635), rs2276707 (+8055), and rs3814057 (+11156)). In addition, detailed haplotype and genotype-phenotype analyses were performed. RESULTS The PXR/NR1I2 SNP rs2276707 was weakly associated with UC susceptibility (P = 0.01; odds ratio [OR] 1.27 [1.06-1.52]). None of the other PXR/NR1I2 SNPs were associated with UC or CD susceptibility. However, several rare PXR/NR1I2 haplotypes were highly associated with CD susceptibility. In CD, the strongest disease association was found for a haplotype consisting of the SNPs rs12721602-rs3814055-rs1523128-rs1523127-rs12721607-rs6785049-rs2276707-rs3814057 (omnibus P-value: 6.50 × 10(-15)) which was found in two separate cohorts (cohort I = discovery cohort: CD: n = 492, controls: n = 793; P = 4.51 × 10(-17); Bonferroni corrected: P = 1.27 × 10(-15); cohort II = replication cohort: CD: n = 367, controls: n = 707; P = 7.12 × 10(-4); P(corr) = 1.99 × 10(-2)). CONCLUSIONS Several PXR/NR1I2 haplotypes contribute to CD susceptibility, suggesting a role for PXR in the IBD pathogenesis of a certain patient subcohort. Given the accumulating evidence for an important role of PXR in intestinal inflammation, further analyses are required to investigate the functional and pharmacogenetic implications of these PXR/NR1I2 gene variants in IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Glas
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH Aachen, Germany
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Glas J, Seiderer J, Markus C, Pfennig S, Wetzke M, Paschos E, Göke B, Ochsenkühn T, Müller-Myhsok B, Diegelmann J, Roeske D, Brand S. Role of PPARG gene variants in inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:1057-8. [PMID: 20722066 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2010] [Revised: 06/10/2010] [Accepted: 06/14/2010] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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Beigel F, Schnitzler F, Paul Laubender R, Pfennig S, Weidinger M, Göke B, Seiderer J, Ochsenkühn T, Brand S. Formation of antinuclear and double-strand DNA antibodies and frequency of lupus-like syndrome in anti-TNF-α antibody-treated patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2011; 17:91-8. [PMID: 20564536 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.21362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with induction of autoantibodies including antinuclear antibodies (ANA), double-strand (ds) DNA antibodies, and the occurrence of lupus-like syndrome (LLS). However, the clinical relevance of autoantibody formation and predictive factors are unclear. METHODS 180 IBD patients treated with anti-TNF antibodies (infliximab or adalimumab, or infliximab and adalimumab consecutively) were analyzed regarding ANA and dsDNA antibody values and the development of LLS, including factors predicting the development of LLS. RESULTS In all, 44.4% of anti-TNF-treated patients had ANA titers ≥1:240, while 15.6% had dsDNA serum levels ≥9 U/mL. However, only a minority of these patients experienced clinical symptoms of LLS; 8.9% presented with mild lupus-like symptoms with no need for intervention; 1.1% had severe symptoms consistent with LLS requiring immediate stop of anti-TNF therapy. Multivariate logistic regression analyses identified age as an independent risk factor for developing ANA ≥1:240 (P < 0.001) and LLS (P = 0.002), while concomitant immunosuppressive therapy was protective against autoantibody formation (ANA: P = 0.05) and LLS development (P = 0.04). There was a significant association between dsDNA antibody values ≥9 U/mL and LLS (P = 0.02) but not between ANA titers and LLS. CONCLUSIONS dsDNA antibody levels ≥9 U/mL, but not ANA titers ≥1:240, are associated with clinical symptoms of LLS. IBD patients of higher age treated with anti-TNF-α antibodies are at increased risk for development of ANA and LLS, while concomitant immunosuppressive therapy may have a protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Beigel
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Germany.
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Glas J, Seiderer J, Tillack C, Pfennig S, Beigel F, Jürgens M, Olszak T, Laubender RP, Weidinger M, Müller-Myhsok B, Göke B, Ochsenkühn T, Lohse P, Diegelmann J, Czamara D, Brand S. The NOD2 single nucleotide polymorphisms rs2066843 and rs2076756 are novel and common Crohn's disease susceptibility gene variants. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14466. [PMID: 21209938 PMCID: PMC3012690 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aims were to analyze two novel NOD2 variants (rs2066843 and rs2076756) in a large cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease and to elucidate phenotypic consequences. Methodology/Principal Findings Genomic DNA from 2700 Caucasians including 812 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 442 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 1446 healthy controls was analyzed for the NOD2 SNPs rs2066843 and rs2076756 and the three main CD-associated NOD2 variants p.Arg702Trp (rs2066844), p.Gly908Arg (rs2066847), and p.Leu1007fsX1008 (rs2066847). Haplotype and genotype-phenotype analyses were performed. The SNPs rs2066843 (p = 3.01×10−5, OR 1.48, [95% CI 1.23-1.78]) and rs2076756 (p = 4.01×10−6; OR 1.54, [95% CI 1.28-1.86]) were significantly associated with CD but not with UC susceptibility. Haplotype analysis revealed a number of significant associations with CD susceptibility with omnibus p values <10−10. The SNPs rs2066843 and rs2076756 were in linkage disequilibrium with each other and with the three main CD-associated NOD2 mutations (D'>0.9). However, in CD, SNPs rs2066843 and rs2076756 were more frequently observed than the other three common NOD2 mutations (minor allele frequencies for rs2066843 and rs2076756: 0.390 and 0.380, respectively). In CD patients homozygous for these novel NOD2 variants, genotype-phenotype analysis revealed higher rates of a penetrating phenotype (rs2076756: p = 0.015) and fistulas (rs2076756: p = 0.015) and significant associations with CD-related surgery (rs2076756: p = 0.003; rs2066843: p = 0.015). However, in multivariate analysis only disease localization (p<2×10−16) and behaviour (p = 0.02) were significantly associated with the need for surgery. Conclusion/Significance The NOD2 variants rs2066843 and rs2076756 are novel and common CD susceptibility gene variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Glas
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Human Genetics, RWTH (Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule), Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Seiderer
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia Tillack
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Pfennig
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Florian Beigel
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Jürgens
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Torsten Olszak
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Rüdiger P. Laubender
- Institute of Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IBE), Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Maria Weidinger
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Burkhard Göke
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Ochsenkühn
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Lohse
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Diegelmann
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Jürgens M, Laubender RP, Hartl F, Weidinger M, Seiderer J, Wagner J, Wetzke M, Beigel F, Pfennig S, Stallhofer J, Schnitzler F, Tillack C, Lohse P, Göke B, Glas J, Ochsenkühn T, Brand S. Disease activity, ANCA, and IL23R genotype status determine early response to infliximab in patients with ulcerative colitis. Am J Gastroenterol 2010; 105:1811-9. [PMID: 20197757 DOI: 10.1038/ajg.2010.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We analyzed the efficacy and safety of the antitumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody infliximab (IFX) for induction therapy in patients with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) in a large single-center cohort. METHODS A total of 90 UC patients treated with IFX for 14 weeks were analyzed retrospectively. Colitis activity index (CAI) and markers of inflammation were measured during IFX induction therapy. Genotyping for UC-associated variants in the IL23R gene and in the IL2/IL21 region was performed. RESULTS At week 2 (after the first IFX infusion), 64.1% of IFX-treated patients had clinical response to IFX and 52.6% were in remission. At week 14 (after three infusions), 61.0% showed clinical response and 52.5% were in remission. The mean CAI decreased significantly from 10.4 points at week 0 to 5.1 at week 2 (P<0.001), to 4.4 at week 6 (P<0.001), and to 5.0 at week 14 (P<0.001). Similarly, IFX therapy significantly decreased C-reactive protein levels and leukocyte counts (P=0.01 and P=0.001 at week 2 and week 0, respectively). Multivariate regression analysis identified high CAI before IFX therapy (P=0.01) and negative antineutrophil cytoplasmatic autoantibody (ANCA) status (P=0.01) as independent positive predictors for response to IFX. Homozygous carriers of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk-increasing IL23R variants were more likely to respond to IFX than were homozygous carriers of IBD risk-decreasing IL23R variants (74.1 vs. 34.6%; P=0.001). No serious adverse IFX-related events requiring hospitalization were recorded. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that IFX therapy is safe and effective in patients with moderate-to-severe UC. A high CAI before IFX therapy, ANCA seronegativity, and the IL23R genotype were predictors of early response to IFX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Jürgens
- Department of Medicine II, Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Storr M, Emmerdinger D, Diegelmann J, Pfennig S, Ochsenkühn T, Göke B, Lohse P, Brand S. The cannabinoid 1 receptor (CNR1) 1359 G/A polymorphism modulates susceptibility to ulcerative colitis and the phenotype in Crohn's disease. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9453. [PMID: 20195480 PMCID: PMC2829088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests a crucial role of the endocannabinoid system, including the cannabinoid 1 receptor (CNR1), in intestinal inflammation. We therefore investigated the influence of the CNR1 1359 G/A (p.Thr453Thr; rs1049353) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on disease susceptibility and phenotype in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS Genomic DNA from 579 phenotypically well-characterized individuals was analyzed for the CNR1 1359 G/A SNP. Amongst these were 166 patients with UC, 216 patients with CD, and 197 healthy controls. RESULTS Compared to healthy controls, subjects A/A homozygous for the CNR1 1359 G/A SNP had a reduced risk to develop UC (p = 0.01, OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.12-0.78). The polymorphism did not modulate CD susceptibility, but carriers of the minor A allele had a lower body mass index than G/G wildtype carriers (p = 0.0005). In addition, homozygous carriers of the G allele were more likely to develop CD before 40 years of age (p = 5.9x10(-7)) than carriers of the A allele. CONCLUSION The CNR1 p.Thr453Thr polymorphism appears to modulate UC susceptibility and the CD phenotype. The endocannabinoid system may influence the manifestation of inflammatory bowel diseases, suggesting endocannabinoids as potential target for future therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Storr
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Storr M, Emmerdinger D, Diegelmann J, Yüce B, Pfennig S, Ochsenkühn T, Göke B, Lohse P, Brand S. The role of fatty acid hydrolase gene variants in inflammatory bowel disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2009; 29:542-51. [PMID: 19053981 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03910.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies suggest a role for the endocannabinoid system, including fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), in intestinal inflammation. AIM To analyse FAAH expression and the FAAH 385 C/A (p.Pro129Thr; rs324420) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in-patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Genomic DNA from 1008 individuals (CD: n = 435; UC: n = 167; controls: n = 406) was analysed for the FAAH 385 C/A SNP. We determined FAAH mRNA expression by quantitative PCR in CD and UC lesions as well as in intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). RESULTS There were no significant differences regarding the frequency of this SNP in the three study groups (CD, UC, controls). However, CD patients homozygous for the FAAH p.Pro129Thr polymorphism were more likely to develop a severe disease phenotype associated with fistulas (P = 0.03, OR 3.12, 95% CI 1.08-8.98) and extra-intestinal manifestations (P = 0.005, OR 4.29, CI 1.49-12.35). In UC, homozygous carriers had an earlier disease onset than wild-type carriers (P = 0.01). FAAH mRNA expression correlated with IL-8 mRNA expression in CD lesions (r = 0.53). However, pro-inflammatory stimuli did not significantly increase FAAH mRNA expression in IECs. CONCLUSION The FAAH p.Pro129Thr polymorphism may modulate the CD phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Storr
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Jürgens M, Ochsenkühn T, Brand S, Pfennig S, Tillack C, Göke B, Seiderer J. Efficacy and safety of infliximab in patients with ulcerative colitis refractory to steroids and immunosuppressive agents. Z Gastroenterol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1096438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Jürgens M, Tillack C, Seiderer J, Pfennig S, Göke B, Brand S, Ochsenkühn T. The occurrence and frequency of anaphylactic reactions in the use of infliximab – a prospective study in a large single center. Z Gastroenterol 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1096440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Seiderer J, Elben I, Diegelmann J, Glas J, Stallhofer J, Tillack C, Pfennig S, Jürgens M, Schmechel S, Konrad A, Göke B, Ochsenkühn T, Müller-Myhsok B, Lohse P, Brand S. Role of the novel Th17 cytokine IL-17F in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): upregulated colonic IL-17F expression in active Crohn's disease and analysis of the IL17F p.His161Arg polymorphism in IBD. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2008; 14:437-45. [PMID: 18088064 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 238] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin (IL)-17F, produced in IL-23R-expressing Th17 cells, is a novel member of the IL-17 cytokine family. Given the association of IL23R with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), we characterized the role of IL-17F in IBD including its intestinal gene expression and the effect of the IL17F p.His161Arg polymorphism on disease susceptibility and phenotype of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). In addition, we analyzed the IL17F p.His161Arg polymorphism for potential epistasis with IL23R and NOD2/CARD15 variants. METHODS Intestinal IL-17F mRNA expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Genomic DNA from 1682 individuals (CD: n = 499; UC: n = 216; controls: n = 967) was analyzed for the presence of the IL17F p.His161Arg polymorphism, the 3 NOD2 variants, p.Arg702Trp, p.Gly908Arg, and p.Leu1007fsX1008, and 10 CD-associated IL23R variants. RESULTS Intestinal IL-17F mRNA expression was 4.4-fold increased in inflamed colonic lesions compared to uninflamed biopsies in CD (P = 0.016) but not in UC. However, the mean intestinal IL-17F mRNA expression was higher in UC than in CD (P < 0.0001). The IL17F p.His161Arg substitution was observed with similar frequencies in IBD patients and controls and was not associated with a certain disease phenotype, but weakly associated with a low body mass index (BMI; P = 0.009) and an earlier age of disease onset (P = 0.039) in UC. There was no evidence for epistasis between the IL17F p.His161Arg polymorphism and IBD-associated single nucleotide polymorphisms within the IL23R gene. CONCLUSIONS Intestinal IL17F gene expression is increased in active CD. The IL17F p.His161Arg polymorphism is not associated with IBD susceptibility and has no epistatic interaction with CD-associated IL23R variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Seiderer
- Department of Medicine II-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany
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Glas J, Konrad A, Schmechel S, Dambacher J, Seiderer J, Schroff F, Wetzke M, Roeske D, Török HP, Tonenchi L, Pfennig S, Haller D, Griga T, Klein W, Epplen JT, Folwaczny C, Lohse P, Göke B, Ochsenkühn T, Mussack T, Folwaczny M, Müller-Myhsok B, Brand S. The ATG16L1 gene variants rs2241879 and rs2241880 (T300A) are strongly associated with susceptibility to Crohn's disease in the German population. Am J Gastroenterol 2008; 103:682-91. [PMID: 18162085 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2007.01694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We analyzed ATG16L1, a recently identified Crohn's disease (CD) susceptibility gene, in a large cohort with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including potential interactions with other IBD genes as well as factors regulating its gene expression. METHODS Genomic DNA from 2,890 Caucasians including 768 patients with CD, 507 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 1,615 healthy controls was analyzed for 9 different ATG16L1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genotyping included CARD15/NOD2 variants p.Arg702Trp, p.Gly908Arg, and p.Leu1007fsX1008 and polymorphisms in SLC22A4/OCTN1 (1672 C-->T) and SLC22A5/OCTN2 (-207 G-->C) as well as 10 CD-associated IL23R variants. The transcriptional regulation of ATG16L1 was studied in intestinal epithelial cells following stimulation with Toll-like receptor (TLR) ligands and proinflammatory cytokines and in a murine ileitis model and CD biopsies. RESULTS All nine ATG16L1 gene variants analyzed displayed highly significant associations with CD demonstrating a CD-protective effect for the minor allele. The strongest associations were found for rs2241879 and the coding SNP rs2241880 (T300A); P= 3.6 x 10(-6) and 3.7 x 10(-6), respectively (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.65-0.84 for both variants). The genotype-phenotype analysis revealed no significant associations. In UC, only rs6431660 was weakly disease-associated. There was no evidence for epistasis between the ATG16L1 gene and other susceptibility genes (IL23R, CARD15, SLC22A4/5). ATG16L1 mRNA expression was not upregulated in CD and murine ileitis, and was less than threefold increased in cells stimulated with proinflammatory cytokines and TLR ligands. CONCLUSION ATG16L1 is a CD susceptibility gene without epistatic interaction with other CD susceptibility genes and is not upregulated in intestinal inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Glas
- Department of Medicine II-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Germany
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Seiderer J, Dambacher J, Kühnlein B, Pfennig S, Konrad A, Török HP, Haller D, Göke B, Ochsenkühn T, Lohse P, Brand S. The role of the selenoprotein S (SELS) gene -105G>A promoter polymorphism in inflammatory bowel disease and regulation of SELS gene expression in intestinal inflammation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 70:238-46. [PMID: 17661913 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0039.2007.00888.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently, a -105G>A promoter polymorphism coding for selenoprotein S (SELS) has been shown to increase proinflammatory cytokine expression. We, therefore, analyzed SELS expression and potential phenotypic consequences of the -105G>A polymorphism in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). SELS mRNA was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) after stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines and in human colonic biopsies of IBD patients as well as in murine models of ileitis and murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) colitis. Genomic DNA from 563 individuals (Crohn's disease: n = 205; ulcerative colitis: n = 154; controls: n = 204) was analyzed for the presence of the SELS-105G>A polymorphism and the three nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-containing protein 2 (NOD2)/caspase recruitment domain-containing protein 15 (CARD15) variants p.Arg702Trp, p.Gly908Arg and p.Leu1007fsX1008. SELS mRNA expression was increased in IEC after stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines, while its expression was not significantly altered in murine ileitis and MCMV colitis and in inflamed ileal and colonic lesions in IBD patients compared with normal controls. The SELS-105G>A polymorphism was observed with similar frequencies in IBD patients and controls and was not associated with a certain disease phenotype or serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) levels in these patients. Medium serum TNF-alpha was 1.27 pg/ml in IBD patients, while none of the controls had TNF-alpha concentrations above the detection threshold (P < 0.0001). SELS mRNA expression is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines in IECs but the SELS-105G>A polymorphism is not associated with IBD susceptibility and does not contribute to a certain disease phenotype or increased TNF-alpha levels in IBD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seiderer
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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Glas J, Seiderer J, Wetzke M, Konrad A, Török HP, Schmechel S, Tonenchi L, Grassl C, Dambacher J, Pfennig S, Maier K, Griga T, Klein W, Epplen JT, Schiemann U, Folwaczny C, Lohse P, Göke B, Ochsenkühn T, Müller-Myhsok B, Folwaczny M, Mussack T, Brand S. rs1004819 is the main disease-associated IL23R variant in German Crohn's disease patients: combined analysis of IL23R, CARD15, and OCTN1/2 variants. PLoS One 2007; 2:e819. [PMID: 17786191 PMCID: PMC1950565 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0000819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 08/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The IL23R gene has been identified as a susceptibility gene for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in the North American population. The aim of our study was to test this association in a large German IBD cohort and to elucidate potential interactions with other IBD genes as well as phenotypic consequences of IL23R variants. Methods Genomic DNA from 2670 Caucasian individuals including 833 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 456 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and 1381 healthy unrelated controls was analyzed for 10 IL23R SNPs. Genotyping included the NOD2 variants p.Arg702Trp, p.Gly908Arg, and p.Leu1007fsX1008 and polymorphisms in SLC22A4/OCTN1 (1672 C→T) and SLC22A5/OCTN2 (–207 G→C). Results All IL23R gene variants analyzed displayed highly significant associations with CD. The strongest association was found for the SNP rs1004819 [P = 1.92×10−11; OR 1.56; 95 % CI (1.37–1.78)]. 93.2% of the rs1004819 TT homozygous carriers as compared to 78% of CC wildtype carriers had ileal involvement [P = 0.004; OR 4.24; CI (1.46–12.34)]. The coding SNP rs11209026 (p.Arg381Gln) was protective for CD [P = 8.04×10−8; OR 0.43; CI (0.31–0.59)]. Similar, but weaker associations were found in UC. There was no evidence for epistasis between the IL23R gene and the CD susceptibility genes CARD15 and SLC22A4/5. Conclusion IL23R is an IBD susceptibility gene, but has no epistatic interaction with CARD15 and SLC22A4/5. rs1004819 is the major IL23R variant associated with CD in the German population, while the p.Arg381Gln IL23R variant is a protective marker for CD and UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Glas
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry and Parodontology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Seiderer
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Wetzke
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry and Parodontology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Astrid Konrad
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Helga-Paula Török
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Silke Schmechel
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Laurian Tonenchi
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry and Parodontology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christine Grassl
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry and Parodontology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Dambacher
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Simone Pfennig
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Kerstin Maier
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry and Parodontology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Griga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Wolfram Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jörg T. Epplen
- Department of Human Genetics, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Uwe Schiemann
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter Lohse
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Burkhard Göke
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Ochsenkühn
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Matthias Folwaczny
- Clinic for Preventive Dentistry and Parodontology, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas Mussack
- Department of Surgery, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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Seiderer J, Brand S, Dambacher J, Pfennig S, Jürgens M, Göke B, Ochsenkühn T. Adalimumab in patients with Crohn's disease--safety and efficacy in an open-label single centre study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2007; 25:787-96. [PMID: 17373917 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2007.03253.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adalimumab, a human antitumour necrosis factor-alpha antibody, in induction and maintenance of remission in patients with Crohn's disease either refractory or intolerant to infliximab in a single centre cohort. METHODS Sixteen Crohn's disease patients received 160 mg adalimumab subcutaneously in week 0, followed by 80 mg every other week. Clinical response was assessed based on Crohn's disease activity index and laboratory parameters (leukocyte count, C-reactive protein). In all patients genotyping for CARD15 variants and the +1059G/C polymorphism in the C-reactive protein gene was performed. RESULTS In 10 of 16 patients (63%) treated with adalimumab, remission (CDAI score <150) was induced for at least 8 weeks independent of CARD15 or +1059G/C CRP status. In six of these 10 patients ongoing remission is observed now for more than 24 weeks. Adalimumab significantly decreased C-reactive protein serum levels and Crohn's disease activity index. There was one serious complication (fungal pneumonia). Six patients intermittently developed minor dermatological problems resolving after topical therapy. Otherwise, treatment was generally well tolerated. CONCLUSION Adalimumab can induce and maintain remission in patients with moderate to severe Crohn's disease intolerant or refractory to infliximab. Further experience from larger cohorts is required to evaluate dose regimen and safety profiles in Crohn's disease therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Seiderer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University-Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
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16
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Dambacher J, Staudinger T, Seiderer J, Sisic Z, Schnitzler F, Pfennig S, Hofbauer K, Konrad A, Tillack C, Otte JM, Diebold J, Göke B, Ochsenkühn T, Lohse P, Brand S. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) -173G/C promoter polymorphism influences upper gastrointestinal tract involvement and disease activity in patients with Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2007; 13:71-82. [PMID: 17206642 DOI: 10.1002/ibd.20008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a proinflammatory cytokine with increased expression in inflammatory bowel disease. The aim of the study was to analyze the role of the MIF -173G/C single nucleotide polymorphism in Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS Using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, genomic DNA of 198 patients with CD and 159 unrelated controls was analyzed for the -173G/C SNP in the MIF promoter region. Colonic MIF mRNA expression was measured by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), serum MIF levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Thirty-six of the 146 G/G wildtype carriers (24.7%) but only 3 of the 45 G/C heterozygotes (6.7%) and only 1 of the C/C homozygotes (14.3%) were diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal tract involvement (P = 0.009, odds ratio [OR] = 0.22, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.06-0.75 for wildtype versus hetero- and homozygous carriers). This result was confirmed in a second prospective study, in which all patients diagnosed with upper gastrointestinal involvement (n = 13) were G/G wildtype carriers (P = 0.01 versus controls). All patients (n = 12; 100%) with a Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) > 300 were G/G wildtype carriers compared to only 65.6% wildtype carriers in the group with a CDAI < 150 (P = 0.016). MIF is expressed in the colonic mucosa of CD patients and intestinal epithelial cells but its mRNA expression does not correlate with the degree of inflammation and is not upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines. In CD, MIF serum levels are not influenced by the MIF -173G/C polymorphism. CONCLUSIONS The MIF -173G/C polymorphism appears to be a factor contributing to a particular CD phenotype characterized by protection against upper gastrointestinal tract involvement and severe disease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Dambacher
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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17
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Seiderer J, Schnitzler F, Brand S, Staudinger T, Pfennig S, Herrmann K, Hofbauer K, Dambacher J, Tillack C, Sackmann M, Göke B, Lohse P, Ochsenkühn T. Homozygosity for the CARD15 frameshift mutation 1007fs is predictive of early onset of Crohn's disease with ileal stenosis, entero-enteral fistulas, and frequent need for surgical intervention with high risk of re-stenosis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2006; 41:1421-32. [PMID: 17101573 DOI: 10.1080/00365520600703900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The identification of CARD15 as a susceptibility gene for Crohn's disease (CD) offers new possibilities for patient classification and risk assessment. The purpose of this study was to carry out a CARD15 sequence analysis in a large single-center IBD cohort and to investigate the impact of different genotypes on disease phenotypes. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 445 unrelated patients with IBD (68.1% CD, 28.5% ulcerative colitis (UC), 3.4% indeterminate colitis (IC)) were included in the study. Clinical data were recorded by detailed questionnaire and analysis of the charts. CARD15 variants (R702W, G908R, 1007fs (frameshift)) were identified by DNA sequence analysis. RESULTS CARD15 variants were found in 142 inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients (31.9%) including 120 CD patients (39.6%). In CD, the presence of two CARD15 variants was associated with ileal disease (p=0.008 versus wild-type (wt); OR 4.04; 95% CI 1.36-11.96) and a fibrostenotic phenotype (p=0.002 versus wt; OR 5.47; 95% CI 1.61-18.58). Subgroup analysis of 19 patients (4.3%) homozygous for the CARD15 variant 1007fs (3020ins C) revealed an association with onset of CD at an early age (p=0.014 versus wt), ileal involvement (p=0.001), and intestinal stenoses in all patients (p=0.001) frequently requiring surgery (73.7%; p=0.093). Of these patients 78.6% developed re-stenoses after surgical resection; 52.6% of the homozygotes were diagnosed as having entero-enteral fistulas. CONCLUSIONS Patients homozygous for the 1007fs mutation had an early disease onset with long-segment ileal stenoses and entero-enteral fistulas. They frequently needed surgical intervention and had a high risk of re-stenosis. Genotyping therefore appears to be an important diagnostic tool in identifying severely affected patients requiring individualized treatment strategies at an early stage of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Seiderer
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University of Munich, Germany
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18
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Seiderer J, Brand S, Herrmann KA, Schnitzler F, Hatz R, Crispin A, Pfennig S, Schoenberg SO, Göke B, Lohse P, Ochsenkuhn T. Predictive value of the CARD15 variant 1007fs for the diagnosis of intestinal stenoses and the need for surgery in Crohn's disease in clinical practice: results of a prospective study. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2006; 12:1114-21. [PMID: 17119385 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000235836.32176.5e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The diagnostic and therapeutic relevance of CARD15 genotyping in Crohn's disease (CD) for daily clinical practice has not been investigated so far. We therefore analyzed whether CARD15 variants are independent predictive factors for small bowel stenosis in CD evaluated by magnetic resonance enteroclysis (MRE). On the basis of these findings, the potential implications for patient management were investigated. METHODS Eighty CD patients with clinical symptoms suggestive of small bowel stenosis were included. All patients were genotyped for the CARD15 variants c.2104C > T (p.R702W), c.2722G > C (p.G908R), and c.3019_3020insC (p.Leu1007fsX1008) and examined by MRE of the small bowel. RESULTS CARD15 variants were found in 40 (50%) patients. MRE identified 31 (38%) patients with small bowel stenoses. Twenty-five of the 40 (62%) patients with at least one CARD15 variant were diagnosed of intestinal stenosis by MRE (odds ratio [OR] = 9.44; confidence interval [CI] 3.21-27.77; P = 0.00028, Bonferroni corrected). Particularly, the presence of the 1007fs variant was associated with an increased risk of an intestinal stenosis (OR = 12.00, CI 3.47-41.54, P = 0.00042, Bonferroni corrected). Twenty-one of 31 (68%) patients with stenoses required surgical intervention, with 13 of these 21 (62%) patients carrying the 1007fs variant. CONCLUSION In the largest prospective study analyzing the diagnostic value of CARD15 variants in CD patients performed so far, we identified the 1007fs variant as strong predictor for intestinal stenoses with need for surgery in CD patients. Genotyping could therefore be an important diagnostic tool in clinical practice for identifying high-risk patients with specific diagnostic and therapeutic needs. Moreover, MRE is an excellent technique for diagnosing small bowel stenoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Seiderer
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Grosshadern, University of Munich, D-81377 Munich, Germany
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19
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Thalmaier D, Dambacher J, Seiderer J, Konrad A, Schachinger V, Pfennig S, Otte JM, Crispin A, Göke B, Ochsenkühn T, Lohse P, Brand S. The +1059G/C polymorphism in the C-reactive protein (CRP) gene is associated with involvement of the terminal ileum and decreased serum CRP levels in patients with Crohn's disease. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2006; 24:1105-15. [PMID: 16984505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.03093.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels influence the response to anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) therapies. AIM To analyse the influence of the +1059G/C CRP polymorphism on CRP serum levels and disease susceptibility in patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS Using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis, genomic DNA from 241 CD patients and 199 unrelated controls was analysed for the +1059G/C substitution in the CRP gene and the common caspase-activation recruitment domain 15 (CARD15) variants. RESULTS Homozygous C/C carriers were detected only among CD patients (P = 0.066). Patients with ileal involvement (L1 and L3 phenotype) were found in only 58.4% of patients with the wildtype G/G genotype but in 88.2% of the heterozygous G/C carriers (OR 5.26; 95% CI 1.19-23.92) and four of the five C/C homozygous carriers (80%; OR 4.55; 95% CI 1.64-16.67; P = 0.008 for hetero- and homozygous carriers vs. wildtype) which was independent of the presence of CARD15 variants. Increased CD activity was associated with increased CRP serum levels (P < 0.005). For Crohn's disease activity index (CDAI) < 150, C/C homozygosity for the +1059 G/C polymorphism was associated with significantly lower CRP serum levels (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The C allele of the CRP +1059G/C polymorphism is associated with decreased serum CRP levels and increased likelihood of disease involvement of the terminal ileum in CD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Thalmaier
- Department of Medicine II - Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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20
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Schnitzler F, Brand S, Staudinger T, Pfennig S, Hofbauer K, Seiderer J, Tillack C, Göke B, Ochsenkühn T, Lohse P. Eight novel CARD15 variants detected by DNA sequence analysis of the CARD15 gene in 111 patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Immunogenetics 2006; 58:99-106. [PMID: 16485124 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-005-0073-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
We performed a limited DNA sequence analysis of the CARD15 gene in 89 patients with Crohn's disease (CD), 19 patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), and three patients with indeterminate colitis (IC), who were heterozygous carriers of one of the common CARD15 mutations [c.2104C>T (p.R702W), c.2722G>C (p.G908R), or c.3019_3020insC (p.Leu1007fsX1008)], the c.2462+10A>C variant, or of a new amino acid substitution in the 3'-end of exon 4. CARD15 exons 4, 5, 6, 8, and 11 were amplified by PCR and completely sequenced, thereby theoretically covering 73.9% of the described CARD15 variants and 96.6% of the mutated alleles. Using this approach, eight novel amino acid substitutions [c.1171C>T (p.R391C), c.1387C>G (p.P463A), c.2138G>A (p.R713H), c.2278C>T (p.R760C), c.2368C>T (p.R790W), c.2371C>T (p.R791W), c.2475C>G (p.N825K), and c.2546C>T (p.A849V)] were detected in six CD and two IC patients, and one UC patient. A severe disease phenotype was observed especially in patients who are compound-heterozygous for a common and a novel CARD15 mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schnitzler
- Department of Clinical Chemistry-Grosshadern, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Marchioninistr. 15, 81377 Munich, Germany
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21
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Brand S, Hofbauer K, Dambacher J, Schnitzler F, Staudinger T, Pfennig S, Seiderer J, Tillack C, Konrad A, Göke B, Ochsenkühn T, Lohse P. Increased expression of the chemokine fractalkine in Crohn's disease and association of the fractalkine receptor T280M polymorphism with a fibrostenosing disease Phenotype. Am J Gastroenterol 2006; 101:99-106. [PMID: 16405540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.00361.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fractalkine receptor CX3CR1 has been shown to be involved in inflammation and immune response. Recently, two polymorphisms of CX3CR1 (V249I and T280M) were reported. AIMS Our aim was to analyze fractalkine expression and the role of CX3CR1 polymorphisms in Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS We determined fractalkine mRNA expression in the intestinal epithelial cell (IEC) line SW480 after stimulation with proinflammatory cytokines as well as in inflamed (n = 14) and noninflamed (n = 14) CD lesions by quantitative PCR. By restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, genomic DNA from 206 patients with CD and 211 unrelated controls was analyzed for the two single nucleotide polymorphisms in the CX3CR1 gene, which result in the V249I and T280M substitutions. RESULTS All proinflammatory stimuli (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, LPS) significantly increased fractalkine mRNA expression in IEC. There was also a significant increase in fractalkine mRNA expression in inflamed lesions of CD patients when compared to noninflamed colonic mucosa (p = 0.02). Intestinal fractalkine mRNA levels correlated highly with IL-8 mRNA expression levels (r = 0.931). However, there was no difference in the V249I and T280M genotype frequencies between CD patients and the control group. In the CD group, 33.0% were heterozygous and 8.3% homozygous for the V249I polymorphism, while 23.3% were heterozygous and 4.4% homozygous for the T280M polymorphism. All T280M homozygotes were diagnosed of intestinal stenosis (p = 0.03 vs wildtype and heterozygous carriers) and had significantly more often ileocolonic involvement more often than patients with wildtype and heterozygous genotypes (p = 0.01). These associations were independent of the CARD15 genotype status. CONCLUSIONS The expression of the chemokine fractalkine is upregulated by proinflammatory cytokines and enhanced in inflamed CD lesions. The CX3CR1 T280M polymorphism appears to influence CD phenotype and localization.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Base Sequence
- CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
- Case-Control Studies
- Cells, Cultured
- Chemokine CX3CL1
- Chemokines, CX3C/genetics
- Chemokines, CX3C/metabolism
- Confidence Intervals
- Crohn Disease/genetics
- Crohn Disease/pathology
- Female
- Genetic Markers
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Humans
- Intestinal Obstruction/genetics
- Intestinal Obstruction/pathology
- Male
- Membrane Proteins/genetics
- Membrane Proteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Odds Ratio
- Phenotype
- Polymorphism, Genetic
- Probability
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Receptors, Chemokine/genetics
- Receptors, Chemokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
- Receptors, HIV/genetics
- Receptors, HIV/metabolism
- Reference Values
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Severity of Illness Index
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II, Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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22
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Brand S, Staudinger T, Schnitzler F, Pfennig S, Hofbauer K, Dambacher J, Seiderer J, Tillack C, Konrad A, Crispin A, Göke B, Lohse P, Ochsenkühn T. The role of Toll-like receptor 4 Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile polymorphisms and CARD15/NOD2 mutations in the susceptibility and phenotype of Crohn's disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2005; 11:645-52. [PMID: 15973118 DOI: 10.1097/01.mib.0000168372.94907.d2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We investigated the influence of 2 common Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) polymorphisms on susceptibility and disease characteristics of Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS Genomic DNA from 204 patients with CD and 199 unrelated controls was analyzed for the presence of 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TLR4 gene, resulting in the amino acid substitutions Asp299Gly and Thr399Ile. In addition, the carrier status for the 3 common CD-associated CARD15/NOD2 gene mutations, Arg702Trp, Gly908Arg, and 1007fs, was determined. The frequency of the different genotypes was compared, and a detailed genotype-phenotype correlation was performed. RESULTS An almost 2-fold increase in the frequency of the TLR4 Asp299Gly phenotype was observed in patients with CD (14.2%) compared with healthy controls (7.5%, P = 0.038, odds ratio = 2.03). The prevalence of a stricturing phenotype was increased in patients heterozygous for 1 of the TLR4 polymorphisms studied (Asp299Gly, 34.5%; Thr399Ile, 36.7%) compared with patients with wild-type TLR4 (17.1% and 16.7%; P = 0.04 and 0.02, respectively). The presence of the Asp299Gly polymorphism in the absence of CARD15/NOD2 mutations was a particularly strong predictor of the stricturing disease phenotype that was present in 47.4% of the patients with Asp299Gly+/NOD2- compared with 10.1% of the patients with the Asp299Gly-/NOD2+ status (P = 0.0009; P = 0.0004 for Thr399Ile+/NOD2- versus Thr399Ile-/NOD2+). In contrast, there was a trend toward a higher prevalence of the penetrating phenotype in the TLR4-/NOD2+ group (71.6%) compared with the TLR4+/NOD2- group (47.4%, P = 0.059). CONCLUSIONS The TLR4 Asp299Gly polymorphism is a risk factor for CD. TLR4 and CARD15/NOD2 mutations may contribute to distinct disease phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Brand
- Department of Medicine II, University Hospital Munich-Grosshadern, University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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