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Lee HW, Yoon SR, Dang YM, Kang M, Lee K, Ha JH, Bae JW. Presence of an ultra-small microbiome in fermented cabbages. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15680. [PMID: 37483986 PMCID: PMC10358336 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ultramicrobacteria (UMB), also known as ultra-small bacteria, are tiny bacteria with a size less than 0.1 µm3. They have a high surface-to-volume ratio and are found in various ecosystems, including the human body. UMB can be classified into two types: one formed through cell contraction and the other that maintains a small size. The ultra-small microbiome (USM), which may contain UMB, includes all bacteria less than 0.2 µm in size and is difficult to detect with current methods. However, it poses a potential threat to food hygiene, as it can pass through sterilization filters and exist in a viable but non-culturable (VBNC) state. The data on the USM of foods is limited. Some bacteria, including pathogenic species, are capable of forming UMB under harsh conditions, making it difficult to detect them through conventional culture techniques. Methods The study described above focused on exploring the diversity of USM in fermented cabbage samples from three different countries (South Korea, China, and Germany). The samples of fermented cabbage (kimchi, suancai, and sauerkraut) were purchased and stored in chilled conditions at approximately 4 °C until filtration. The filtration process involved two steps of tangential flow filtration (TFF) using TFF cartridges with different pore sizes (0.2 µm and 100 kDa) to separate normal size bacteria (NM) and USM. The USM and NM isolated via TFF were stored in a refrigerator at 4 °C until DNA extraction. The extracted DNA was then amplified using PCR and the full-length 16S rRNA gene was sequenced using single-molecule-real-time (SMRT) sequencing. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) was used to confirm the presence of microorganisms in the USM of fermented cabbage samples. Results To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to identify the differences between USM and NM in fermented cabbages. Although the size of the USM (average 2,171,621 bp) was smaller than that of the NM (average 15,727,282 bp), diversity in USM (average H' = 1.32) was not lower than that in NM (average H' = 1.22). In addition, some members in USM probably underwent cell shrinkage due to unfavorable environments, while others maintained their size. Major pathogens were not detected in the USM in fermented cabbages. Nevertheless, several potentially suspicious strains (genera Cellulomonas and Ralstonia) were detected. Our method can be used to screen food materials for the presence of USM undetectable via conventional methods. USM and NM were efficiently separated using tangential flow filtration and analyzed via single-molecule real-time sequencing. The USM of fermented vegetables exhibited differences in size, diversity, and composition compared with the conventional microbiome. This study could provide new insights into the ultra-small ecosystem in fermented foods, including fermented cabbages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Won Lee
- Hygienic Safety ⋅ Materials Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Yoon
- Hygienic Safety ⋅ Materials Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Dang
- Hygienic Safety ⋅ Materials Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Miran Kang
- Practical Technology Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwangho Lee
- Center for Research Facilities, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyung Ha
- Hygienic Safety ⋅ Materials Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Bae
- Department of Biology and Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Park SH, Yoon SR, Nam JY, Ahn JY, Jeong SJ, Ku NS, Choi JY, Yeom JS, Kim JH. Impact of tuberculosis on the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures: a nationwide population-based cohort study. Public Health 2023; 216:13-20. [PMID: 36758345 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite the high prevalence of tuberculosis (TB) and the disease burden of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, there is still a lack of well-designed, large-scale studies demonstrating associations among them. We aimed to investigate the effect of TB on the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures. STUDY DESIGN This was a nationwide population-based cohort study. METHODS This study was conducted using the National Health Insurance Service Database of South Korea. We included patients with newly diagnosed TB aged >40 years from January 2006 to December 2017. An uninfected control for each TB patient was randomly extracted by frequency matching for sex, age, income level, residence, and registration date at a 2:1 ratio. The primary outcome was the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures between the two groups, adjusted for sex, age, income level, residence, comorbidities, body mass index, blood pressure, laboratory tests, alcohol drinking, and smoking. The risk factors associated with osteoporosis or osteoporotic fractures were also investigated. RESULTS A total of 164,389 patients with TB and 328,778 matched controls were included (71.9% males). The mean duration of follow-up was 7.00 ± 3.49 years. The incidence of osteoporosis in patients with TB was 6.1 cases per 1000 person-years, which was significantly higher than that in matched controls (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.349, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.302-1.398, P < 0.001). The incidence of osteoporotic fractures was also higher in patients with TB than in controls (aHR 1.392, 95% CI 1.357-1.428, P < 0.001). Among fractures, the risk of hip fracture was the highest (aHR 1.703, 95% CI 1.612-1.798, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS TB independently contributes to the incidence of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, particularly hip fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Park
- Chaum Life Center, CHA University, Seoul 06062, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, South Korea
| | - S R Yoon
- Institute of Health Insurance and Clinical Research, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, South Korea
| | - J Y Nam
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang 10444, South Korea
| | - J Y Ahn
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - S J Jeong
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - N S Ku
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - J Y Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - J-S Yeom
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - J H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine and AIDS Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea.
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Lee HW, Yoon SR, Dang YM, Yun JH, Jeong H, Kim KN, Bae JW, Ha JH. Metatranscriptomic and metataxonomic insights into the ultra-small microbiome of the Korean fermented vegetable, kimchi. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1026513. [PMID: 36274711 PMCID: PMC9581167 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1026513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Presently, pertinent information on the ultra-small microbiome (USM) in fermented vegetables is still lacking. This study analyzed the metatranscriptome and metataxonome for the USM of kimchi. Tangential flow filtration was used to obtain a USM with a size of 0.2 μm or less from kimchi. The microbial diversity in the USM was compared with that of the normal microbiome (NM). Alpha diversity was higher in the USM than in NM, and the diversity of bacterial members of the NM was higher than that of the USM. At the phylum level, both USM and NM were dominated by Firmicutes. At the genus level, the USM and NM were dominated by Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Weissella, belonging to lactic acid bacteria. However, as alpha diversity is higher in the USM than in the NM, the genus Akkermansia, belonging to the phylum Verrucomicrobia, was detected only in the USM. Compared to the NM, the USM showed a relatively higher ratio of transcripts related to “protein metabolism,” and the USM was suspected to be involved with the viable-but-nonculturable (VBNC) state. When comparing the sub-transcripts related to the “cell wall and capsule” of USM and NM, USM showed a proportion of transcripts suspected of being VBNC. In addition, the RNA virome was also identified, and both the USM and NM were confirmed to be dominated by pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). Additionally, the correlation between metataxonome and metatranscriptome identified USM and NM was estimated, however, only limited correlations between metataxonome and metatranscriptome were estimated. This study provided insights into the relationship between the potential metabolic activities of the USM of kimchi and the NM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Won Lee
- Hygienic Safety Packaging Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - So-Ra Yoon
- Hygienic Safety Packaging Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Dang
- Hygienic Safety Packaging Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Yun
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hoibin Jeong
- Chuncheon Center, Korea Basic Science Institute (KBSI), Chuncheon, South Korea
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kil-Nam Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Bae
- Department of Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jin-Woo Bae,
| | - Ji-Hyoung Ha
- Hygienic Safety Packaging Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
- Ji-Hyoung Ha,
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Yoon SR, Ha S, Park B, Yang JS, Dang YM, Ha JH. Effect of Ultraviolet-C Light-Emitting Diode Treatment on Disinfection of Norovirus in Processing Water for Reuse of Brine Water. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:885413. [PMID: 35663872 PMCID: PMC9161207 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.885413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Processes in the food industry that use large amounts of water have been an important cause of waterborne disease outbreaks, as they expose individuals to risks for waterborne disease transmission. Developing technologies to ensure the hygiene and safety of food-processing steps is an urgent concern from an economic perspective. Furthermore, economic benefits can be derived if the processed water can be reused under microbiologically safe conditions. Among the major manufacturing processes in the kimchi industry, the brining process for salted kimchi cabbages requires a considerable amount of brine (approximately 2,000–2,500 l/1,000 kg of raw cabbage). The aim of this study was to establish virucidal conditions with ultraviolet-C light-emitting diodes (UVC LEDs) that can ensure the microbiological safety of brine water samples with various turbidities for reuse after disinfection. For quantitative analysis, first of all, magnetic bead separation (MBS) technique was used to capture and recover the human norovirus (HuNoV) virus particles; propidium monoazide (PMA) combined with RT-qPCR (PMA-RT-qPCR) was subsequently used to selectively detect infectious norovirus. Overall, as the turbidity of the brine water samples increased, the reduction in the HuNoV genogroup II genotype 4 (HuNoV GII.4) levels by UVC LED disinfection decreased. The derived inactivation rate constant (kinac) and inactivation curves (calculated using the log-linear model) were studied as a function of turbidity based on the exponential one-phase inactivation kinetics of HuNoV. Using an impeller system set at 100 rotations/min (rpm) with an eight-nephelometric turbidity unit (NTU) sample (the lowest turbidity studied), the kinact based on the levels of viral genomic RNA concentrations was approximately 2.15-fold higher than that observed without rotation (0 rpm). Moreover, the kinact increased 1.69-fold with a 56-NTU sample (the highest turbidity studied) when the impeller system was set at 100 rpm. UVC LED treatment decreased the HuNoV GII.4 population more effectively in conjunction with the impeller system (100 rpm) than without the impeller system. Our novel findings and model provide fundamental and scientific data that may help reuse brine water and ensure its microbiological safety through disinfection. Our study highlights the benefits of UVC LED treatment in successfully eliminating waterborne viruses in a prompt, resistance-reducing, and energy-efficient approach at the laboratory scale, which lays the foundation for future plant-scale studies of UVC LED-disinfection systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ra Yoon
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Sanghyun Ha
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Boyeon Park
- Eco-friendly Process Technology Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Su Yang
- Industrial Solution Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Yun-Mi Dang
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoung Ha
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Ji-Hyoung Ha,
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Lee HW, Yoon SR, Choi JH, Bang G, Ha JH. Characterization of Kimchi by Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (HR-MS) with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). ANAL LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2022.2053147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Won Lee
- Hygienic Safety and Distribution Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Yoon
- Hygienic Safety and Distribution Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Bio-Chemical Analysis Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Geul Bang
- Research Center for Bioconvergence Analysis, Korea Basic Science Institute, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoung Ha
- Hygienic Safety and Distribution Research Group, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Yoon SR, Lee JY, Yang JS, Ha JH. Bactericidal effects of diluted slightly acidic electrolyzed water in quantitative suspension and cabbage tests. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Lee HW, Yoon SR, Yang JS, Lee HM, Kim SJ, Lee JY, Hwang IM, You SY, Ha JH. Proteomic evaluation of kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented vegetable, and comparison of kimchi manufactured in China and Korea. J Food Sci Technol 2021; 58:389-396. [PMID: 33505084 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04777-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Kimchi is a traditional Korean fermented vegetable, which is also widely consumed in Japan and China. However, little is known about the kimchi proteome. In this study, Korean and Chinese kimchi proteomes were evaluated by shotgun proteomics. A total of 250 proteins were annotated, and 29 of these were expressed at > 1% of the average relative abundance. Discrimination of the geographical origins of Korean and Chinese kimchi samples was possible using multivariate analysis of the proteomic data, and 23 proteins were expressed differently between the two types (p < 0.001), and represent possible markers to discriminate between Chinese and Korean kimchi. This study provides important insights into the kimchi proteome and illustrates the proteomic differences caused by geographical origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Won Lee
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Yoon
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Yang
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Min Lee
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Ji Kim
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Lee
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - In Min Hwang
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Yeon You
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoung Ha
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755 Republic of Korea
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Yoon SR, Dang YM, Kim SY, You SY, Kim MK, Ha JH. Correlating Capsaicinoid Levels and Physicochemical Proper-ties of Kimchi and Its Perceived Spiciness. Foods 2021; 10:foods10010086. [PMID: 33406748 PMCID: PMC7829842 DOI: 10.3390/foods10010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsaicinoid content, among other factors, affects the perception of spiciness of commercial kimchi. Here, we investigated whether the physicochemical properties of kimchi affect the spicy taste of capsaicinoids perceived by the tasting. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to evaluate the capsaicinoid content (mg/kg) of thirteen types of commercial kimchi. The physicochemical properties such as pH, titratable acidity, salinity, free sugar content, and free amino acid content were evaluated, and the spicy strength grade was determined by selected panel to analyze the correlation between these properties. Panels were trained for 48 h prior to actual evaluation by panel leaders trained for over 1000 h according to the SpectrumTM method. Partial correlation analysis was performed to examine other candidate parameters that interfere with the sensory evaluation of spiciness and capsaicinoid content. To express the specific variance after eliminating the effects of other variables, partial correlations were used to estimate the relationships between two variables. We observed a strong correlation between spiciness intensity ratings and capsaicinoid content, with a Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.78 at p ≤ 0.001. However, other specific variables may have influenced the relationship between spiciness intensity and total capsaicinoid content. Partial correlation analysis indicated that the free sugar content most strongly affected the relationship between spiciness intensity and capsaicinoid content, showing the largest first-order partial correlation coefficient (rxy/z: 0.091, p ≤ 0.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ra Yoon
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Korea; (S.-R.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (S.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Yun-Mi Dang
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Korea; (S.-R.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (S.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Su-Yeon Kim
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Korea; (S.-R.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (S.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Su-Yeon You
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Korea; (S.-R.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (S.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.Y.)
| | - Mina K. Kim
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Jeonbuk National University, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.K.); (J.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-63-270-3879 (M.K.K); +82-62-610-1845 (J.-H.H.)
| | - Ji-Hyoung Ha
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Korea; (S.-R.Y.); (Y.-M.D.); (S.-Y.K.); (S.-Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.K.); (J.-H.H.); Tel.: +82-63-270-3879 (M.K.K); +82-62-610-1845 (J.-H.H.)
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Moon EW, Yang JS, Yoon SR, Ha JH. Application of colorimetric indicators to predict the fermentation stage of kimchi. J Food Sci 2020; 85:4170-4179. [PMID: 33190231 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Cabbage kimchi, a popular side dish in Korean cuisine, produces several fermentation by-products (FBPs). Kimchi is praised for its flavor, taste, and texture when suitably fermented at 0.7% to 0.9% total acidity, or a pH of approximately 4.1. Beyond this acidity level, the quality of the product decreases, negatively impacting consumers' purchase preferences. Therefore, the current study seeks to develop an optimally fermented (OptF) kimchi indicator that can be inserted into product packaging to evaluate its utility at 4 and 10 °C. A gradual change in the total color difference (ΔE) was observed during the kimchi fermentation stage, and the highest ΔE values were observed at 4 (34.87) and 10 °C (37.99), after 9 weeks. Moreover, the color-change response function value F(Xc) was more linear at 4 and 10 °C (0.981 and 0.984, respectively) compared to the ΔE over time, during kimchi fermentation. Coefficients of determination for F(Xc)-carbon dioxide (0.983), F(Xc)-pH (0.979), and F(Xc)-titratable acidity (0.974) were sufficient to meet the optimal polynomial regression model, while that for F(Xc)-lactic acid bacteria (0.881) was not. Standardized residuals of predicted data indicated that 95% of the residuals were in the range of -2.0 to 2.0. The regression analysis further suggested that the OptF kimchi indicator could be used as a kimchi fermentation indicator. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Cabbage kimchi, a traditional Korean fermented food, produces several fermentation by-products. After the optimal fermenting stage, the sensory evaluation of cabbage kimchi and consumers' purchase preference decreases. This study describes an optimally fermented kimchi indicator and its utility at 4 and 10 °C. Our results demonstrate the ability of this indicator to predict the freshness and fermentation stage of kimchi without the need for sensory evaluation. This method could help increase the purchase preference for commercial kimchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Woo Moon
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Yang
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Yoon
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoung Ha
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Republic of Korea
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Jeong SG, Lee JY, Yoon SR, Moon EW, Ha JH. A quantitative PCR based method using propidium monoazide for specific and sensitive detection of Pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum in kimchi cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis). Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.108327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Kang M, Kim SJ, Yoon SR, Lee HW, Lee JY, Ha JH. Determination of Transfer Patterns of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Planktonic Cells and Biofilms During Mechanical Cutting of Kimchi Cabbage. J Food Sci 2019; 84:2603-2609. [PMID: 31518463 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cross-contamination of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (PCC) from a stainless-steel surface to cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis) was evaluated. To investigate the PCC transfer pattern from mechanical knife surfaces to cabbage during 100 cuts, two mathematical models (power and logarithmic model) were fitted to the mean log10 detection data from cabbage. Overall, regression analysis determined that the best-fitting regression curves of planktonic cells and detached cells from biofilms transferred onto fresh cabbage were Y = 3.7X-0.41 , RMSE = 0.371 and Y = 4.6X-0.35 , RMSE = 0.254, respectively. For salted cabbage, the best-fit regression curves of planktonic cells and biofilm were Y = 5.8X-0.38 , RMSE = 0.209 and Y = 5.4X-0.23 , RMSE = 0.195, respectively. Our data provide a meaningful indication of the level of PCC cross-contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miran Kang
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Inst. of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Korea
| | - Su-Ji Kim
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Inst. of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Korea
| | - So-Ra Yoon
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Inst. of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Korea
| | - Hae-Won Lee
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Inst. of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Korea
| | - Jae Yong Lee
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Inst. of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoung Ha
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Inst. of Kimchi, Gwangju, 61755, Korea
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Lee HW, Yoon SR, Lee HM, Lee JY, Kim SH, Ha JH. Use of RT-qPCR with combined intercalating dye and sodium lauroyl sarcosinate pretreatment to evaluate the virucidal activity of halophyte extracts against norovirus. Food Control 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Kim SJ, Lee JY, Yoon SR, Lee HW, Ha JH. Regression analysis for predicting the fermentation state of packaged Kimchi using a colorimetric indicator. J FOOD ENG 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2018.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kang M, Kim SJ, Lee JY, Yoon SR, Kim SH, Ha JH. Inactivation of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum on Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. pekinensis) by wash treatments with phenolic compounds. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lee HW, Lee HM, Yoon SR, Kim SH, Ha JH. Pretreatment with propidium monoazide/sodium lauroyl sarcosinate improves discrimination of infectious waterborne virus by RT-qPCR combined with magnetic separation. Environ Pollut 2018; 233:306-314. [PMID: 29096303 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.10.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
RT-qPCR allows sensitive detection of viral particles of both infectious and noninfectious viruses in water environments, but cannot discriminate non-infectious from infectious viruses. In this study, we aimed to optimize RT-qPCR-based detection of chlorine-inactivated human norovirus (NoV) and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV) in suspension by pretreatment with an optimal combination of a monoazide and a detergent that can efficiently penetrate damaged viral capsids. Four methods were compared to determine the efficacy of chlorine disinfection (at 1, 3, and 5 min mg/L): (A) RT-qPCR alone, (B) RT-qPCR assay preceded by magnetic bead separation for enrichment of viral particles (MBS-RT-qPCR), (C) MBS-RT-qPCR assay with pretreatment with propidium monoazide (PMA-MBS-RT-qPCR), and (D) PMA-MBS-RT-qPCR assay with pretreatment with sodium lauroyl sarcosinate (INCI-PMA-MBS-RT-qPCR). On the basis of a PMA optimization assay, 200 and 300 μM PMA were used in subsequent experiments for NoV GII.4 and PMMoV, respectively. Optimal INCI concentrations, having minimal influence on NoV GII.4 and PMMoV, were found to be 0.5% and 0.2% INCI, respectively. For NoV GII.4, there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in log10 genome copies between the PMA-treated and the INCI + PMA-treated samples (log10 genome copies differed by 1.11 and 0.59 log10 for 3 and 5 min mg/L of chlorine, respectively). For PMMoV, INCI induced differences in log10 genome copies of 0.92, 1.18, and 1.86, for 1, 3, and 5 min mg/L of chlorine, respectively. Overall, the results of this study indicate that an optimal combination of PMA and INCI could be very useful for evaluating disinfection methods in water treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Won Lee
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, South Korea
| | - Hee-Min Lee
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, South Korea
| | - So-Ra Yoon
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, South Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, South Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoung Ha
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, South Korea.
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Lee HM, Lee JH, Kim SH, Yoon SR, Lee JY, Ha JH. Correlation between Changes in Microbial/Physicochemical Properties and Persistence of Human Norovirus during Cabbage Kimchi Fermentation. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 27:2019-2027. [PMID: 29017238 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.1707.07041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Recently, cabbage kimchi has occasionally been associated with the foodborne diseases of enteric viruses such as human norovirus (HuNoV). This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between microbial/physicochemical properties and persistence of HuNoV in experimentally contaminated cabbage kimchi fermented and stored at 4°C or 10°C for 28 days. Changes in organic acid content, lactic acid bacteria (LAB), acidity, pH, and salinity were analyzed. The recovery of structurally intact HuNoV was examined for up to 28 days post-inoculation, using a NoV GII.4 monoclonal antibody-conjugated immuno-magnetic separation method combined with quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. On day 0, LAB loads were 4.70 log10 colony forming units/g and HuNoV GII.4 titers were 2.57 log10 genomic copies/μl, at both temperatures. After 28 days, intact HuNoV titers decreased to 1.58 (4°C) and 1.04 (10°C) log10 genomic copies/μl, whereas the LAB density increased. This correlated with a gradual increase in lactic acid and acetic acid at both temperatures. Our findings support a statistical correlation between changes in physicochemical properties and the recovery of structurally intact HuNoV GII.4. Moreover, we determined that the production of organic acid and low pH could affect HuNoV GII.4 titers in cabbage kimchi during fermentation. However, HuNoV GII.4 was not completely eliminated by microbial/physicochemical factors during fermentation, although HuNoV GII.4 was reduced. Based on this, we speculate that the persistence of HuNoV GII.4 may be affected by the continually changing conditions during kimchi fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee-Min Lee
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Lee
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hyun Kim
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Yoon
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Yong Lee
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hyoung Ha
- Hygienic Safety and Analysis Center, World Institute of Kimchi, Gwangju 61755, Republic of Korea
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Thoma DS, Yoon SR, Cha JK, Lim HC, Lee JS, Choi SH, Jung UW. Sinus floor elevation using implants coated with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2: micro-computed tomographic and histomorphometric analyses. Clin Oral Investig 2017; 22:829-837. [PMID: 28681248 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2158-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the validity of a graft-free sinus floor elevation (SFE) procedure with simultaneous placement of recombinant morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2)-coated implants compared to uncoated control implants. METHODS In 10 rabbits, SFE was performed on both sides. Dental implants were randomly placed in the sinus filled with a blood clot. Test implants were coated with rhBMP-2, whereas in the control group, implants were uncoated. Micro-computed tomographic and histomophometric analyses were performed at 4 and 8 weeks, including measurement for newly formed bone height (NBHm). RESULTS Bone formation was evident along the implant surfaces up to the apex in test, but limited in control implants at 4 weeks. NBHm amounted to 5.1 mm (Q1 = 4.1; Q3 = 5.3) for test implants and to 3.4 mm (2.6; 3.7) for control implants at 4 weeks. NBHm then decreased to 8 weeks (3.4 mm (3.3; 3.7)) for test implants, whereas in control sites, NBHm increased slightly to 4.4 mm (4.1; 4.5) (p = 0.1250; p = 0.6250). CONCLUSIONS Implants coated with rhBMP-2 presented a strong osteogenic reaction at 4 weeks with more favorable outcomes in terms of bone formation along the implant surface up to the apex compared to uncoated control implants. Remodeling and resorption process between 4 and 8 weeks did not further improve the outcomes in the test, but in the control group. CLINICAL RELEVANCE The use of rhBMP-2-coated implants in a graft-free SFE might show an advantage in early implant stability to prevent collapse of membrane. However, a potential clinical benefit still needs to be proven.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Thoma
- Clinic for Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - So-Ra Yoon
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kook Cha
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Chang Lim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Republic of Korea.
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Benic GI, Joo MJ, Yoon SR, Cha JK, Jung UW. Primary ridge augmentation with collagenated xenogenic block bone substitute in combination with collagen membrane and rhBMP-2: a pilot histological investigation. Clin Oral Implants Res 2017; 28:1543-1552. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.13024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Goran I. Benic
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science; Center of Dental Medicine; University of Zurich; Switzerland
| | - Myung-Jae Joo
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; Yonsei University College of Dentistry; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - So-Ra Yoon
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; Yonsei University College of Dentistry; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kook Cha
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; Yonsei University College of Dentistry; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; Yonsei University College of Dentistry; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Baek WS, Yoon SR, Lim HC, Lee JS, Choi SH, Jung UW. Erratum: Body text. Bone formation around rhBMP-2-coated implants in rabbit sinuses with or without absorbable collagen sponge grafting. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2016; 46:360. [PMID: 27800218 PMCID: PMC5083819 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2016.46.5.360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article on p. 238 in vol. 45, PMID: 26734494.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sun Baek
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Ra Yoon
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Chang Lim
- Department of Periodontology, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Yoon SR, Cha JK, Lim HC, Lee JS, Choi SH, Jung UW. De novo
bone formation underneath the sinus membrane supported by a bone patch: a pilot experiment in rabbit sinus model. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:1175-1181. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- So-Ra Yoon
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kook Cha
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Chang Lim
- Department of Periodontology; School of Dentistry; Kyung Hee University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology; Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration; College of Dentistry; Yonsei University; Seoul Republic of Korea
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Baek WS, Yoon SR, Lim HC, Lee JS, Choi SH, Jung UW. Bone formation around rhBMP-2-coated implants in rabbit sinuses with or without absorbable collagen sponge grafting. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2015; 45:238-46. [PMID: 26734494 PMCID: PMC4698951 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2015.45.6.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate bone formation around recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2)-coated implants placed with or without absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) in rabbit maxillary sinuses. METHODS The Schneiderian membrane was elevated and an implant was placed in 24 sinuses in 12 rabbits. The space created beneath the elevated membrane was filled with either blood (n=6) or ACS (n=6). In the rabbits in which this space was filled with blood, rhBMP-2-coated and non-coated implants were alternately placed on different sides. The resulting groups were referred to as the BC and BN groups, respectively. The AC and AN groups were produced in ACS-grafted rabbits in the same manner. Radiographic and histomorphometric analyses were performed after eight weeks of healing. RESULTS In micro-computed tomography analysis, the total augmented volume and new bone volume were significantly greater in the ACS-grafted sinuses than in the blood-filled sinuses (P<0.05). The histometric analysis showed that the areas of new bone and bone-to-implant contact were significantly larger in the AC group than in the AN group (P<0.05). In contrast, none of the parameters differed significantly between the BC and BN groups. CONCLUSIONS The results of this pilot study indicate that the insertion of ACS after elevating the Schneiderian membrane, simultaneously with implant placement, can significantly increase the volume of the augmentation. However, in the present study, the rhBMP-2 coating exhibited limited effectiveness in enhancing the quantity and quality of regenerated bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Sun Baek
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Ra Yoon
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Chang Lim
- Department of Periodontology, Kyung Hee University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seong-Ho Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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Yoon SR, Yang SH, Suh JW, Shim SM. Fermentation of Smilax china root by Aspergillus usami and Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoted concentration of resveratrol and oxyresveratrol and the free-radical scavenging activity. J Sci Food Agric 2014; 94:1822-1826. [PMID: 24919869 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2013] [Revised: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smilax china root, which is rich in resveratrol and oxyresveratrol, has been used as emergency foods as well as folk medicine. This study investigated changes in concentration of bioactive components and the free-radical scavenging capacity of Smilax china root during fermentation by Aspergillus usami and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. RESULTS Resveratrol, oxyresveratrol and piceid were quantified as major constituents in Smilax china root by using UPLC-ESI-MS. The concentration of oxyresveratrol and resveratrol remarkably increased through fermentation and the transformation of piceid to resveratrol. Its concentration in 4% Smilax china root was 1.16-2.95 times higher than that of a 2% preparation throughout fermentation. The vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity of 2% Smilax china root was 1.51-1.91 times higher than that of 4% Smilax china root during fermentation. Meanwhile, ABTS free-radical scavenging capacity was enhanced up to 95.07 and 99.35% for 2% and 4% Smilax china root, respectively. CONCLUSION Results from our study propose that bioactive components in Smilax China root were highly extracted by fermentation followed by saccharification and ethanol production, resulting in enhanced free-radical scavenging capacity. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- So-Ra Yoon
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Sejong University, 98 Gunja-dong, Seoul, 143-747, Republic of Korea
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Lee SH, Kim KY, Ryu SY, Yoon Y, Hahm DH, Kang SA, Cho SH, Lim JS, Moon EY, Yoon SR, Lee HG, Yoon DY, Yang Y. Asarone inhibits adipogenesis and stimulates lipolysis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2010; 56 Suppl:OL1215-OL1222. [PMID: 20158974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Asarone is a molecule found in certain plants such as Acorus calamus, the root of which is used in traditional medicine to treat diabetes. We determined the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-diabetic activity of asarone. Treatment of asarone significantly inhibited the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes through suppression of expression of the transcription factors, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-alpha and peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-gamma, which activate adipogenesis. Intracellular triglyceride levels were reduced by asarone in a dose-dependent manner and asarone treatment stimulated the phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase. Together, the present findings indicate that asarone inhibits adipogenesis by down-regulation of PPARgamma and C/EBPalpha and reduces lipid accumulation by stimulation of lipolysis through an increase in hormone-sensitive lipase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lee
- Department of Biological Science, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 140-742, Korea
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Piao ZH, Yoon SR, Kim MS, Jeon JH, Lee SH, Kim TD, Lee HG, Bae KH, Min JK, Chung SJ, Kim M, Cho YS, Oh DB, Park SY, Chung JW, Choi I. VDUP1 potentiates Ras-mediated angiogenesis via ROS production in endothelial cells. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2009; 55 Suppl:OL1096-OL1103. [PMID: 19267992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D3 up-regulated protein 1 (VDUP1) is a tumor suppressor of which expression is reduced in a variety of cancer cells, and enforced expression inhibits the tumor cell proliferation. It inhibits the activity of thioredoxin, thus contributing cellular ROS generation. Since ROS is a critical factor for angiogenesis, we investigated the role of VDUP1 in angiogenesis and endothelial proliferation. The expression of VDUP1 was upregulated by overexpression of an oncogene, Ras. Enforced expression of VDUP1 increases ROS production and proliferation of Ras-overexpressing endothelial cells. Overexpression of VDUP1 increases the resistance to the anchorage-dependent cell death and tube formation of the Ras-overexpressing endothelial cell. In addition, the removal of ROS by ROS scavenger attenuates the effect of VDUP1 on tube formation. These results suggest that VDUP1 is involved in Ras-mediated angiogenesis via ROS generation in endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Piao
- Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Stem Cell Research Center, Daejon, Republic of Korea
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25
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Bang OY, Saver JL, Buck BH, Alger JR, Starkman S, Ovbiagele B, Kim D, Jahan R, Duckwiler GR, Yoon SR, Viñuela F, Liebeskind DS. Impact of collateral flow on tissue fate in acute ischaemic stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79:625-9. [PMID: 18077482 PMCID: PMC2702489 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.132100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 290] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Collaterals may sustain penumbra prior to recanalisation yet the influence of baseline collateral flow on infarct growth following endovascular therapy remains unknown. METHODS Consecutive patients underwent serial diffusion and perfusion MRI before and after endovascular therapy for acute cerebral ischaemia. We assessed the relationship between MRI diffusion and perfusion lesion indices, angiographic collateral grade and infarct growth. Tmax perfusion lesion maps were generated and diffusion-perfusion mismatch regions were divided into Tmax >or=4 s (severe delay) and Tmax >or=2 but <4 s (mild delay). RESULTS Among 44 patients, collateral grade was poor in 7 (15.9%), intermediate in 20 (45.5%) and good in 17 (38.6%) patients. Although diffusion-perfusion mismatch volume was not different depending on the collateral grade, patients with good collaterals had larger areas of milder perfusion delay than those with poor collaterals (p = 0.005). Among 32 patients who underwent day 3-5 post-treatment MRIs, the degree of pretreatment collateral circulation (r = -0.476, p = 0.006) and volume of diffusion-perfusion mismatch (r = 0.371, p = 0.037) were correlated with infarct growth. Greatest infarct growth occurred in patients with both non-recanalisation and poor collaterals. Multiple regression analysis revealed that pretreatment collateral grade was independently associated with infarct growth. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that angiographic collateral grade and penumbral volume interactively shape tissue fate in patients undergoing endovascular recanalisation therapy. These angiographic and MRI parameters provide complementary information about residual blood flow that may help guide treatment decision making in acute cerebral ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Y Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Centre, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is a protein secreted by adipose cells that improves insulin sensitivity and possesses antiatherogenic properties. In this study, we investigated the relationship between adiponectin levels and ischemic stroke subtype. METHODS Using clinical, imaging, and laboratory data, 231 consecutive patients admitted to a university medical center over a 2-year period with acute cerebral infarcts were categorized into four subtypes: intracranial atherosclerosis (n = 67), extracranial atherosclerosis (n = 61), small arterial occlusion (n = 63), and cardioembolic (n = 40). Clinical features, risk factors including the presence of metabolic syndrome, and levels of s-adiponectin were compared between groups. RESULTS Patients with more severe metabolic abnormalities were more likely to have lower s-adiponectin levels (p = 0.002). S-adiponectin levels differed by stroke subtype: highest in the cardioembolic group and lowest in the intracranial atherosclerosis group (8.42 +/- 5.07 vs 5.60 +/- 2.79 microg/mL, p = 0.01). Extracranial atherosclerosis (6.45 +/- 4.10 microg/mL) and small arterial occlusion (6.07 +/- 3.44 microg/mL) groups were intermediate. Patients with advanced intracranial atherosclerosis (> or =1 additional lesion outside the symptomatic arterial territory) had lower s-adiponectin levels than those with isolated intracranial atherosclerosis (4.95 +/- 2.63 vs 6.13 +/- 2.84 microg/mL, p = 0.003). In multiple regression analysis, s-adiponectin levels, but not metabolic syndrome, were independently associated with intracranial atherosclerosis. CONCLUSIONS Symptomatic intracranial atherosclerosis is associated with lower s-adiponectin levels vs other ischemic stroke subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Y Bang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University, Irwon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Cha SH, Choi EJ, Park JH, Yoon SR, Kwon JH, Yoon KJ, Song JY. Phylogenetic characterization of classical swine fever viruses isolated in Korea between 1988 and 2003. Virus Res 2007; 126:256-61. [PMID: 17328983 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2007.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2006] [Revised: 01/23/2007] [Accepted: 01/24/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-four isolates of classical swine fever (CSF) virus which were obtained from CSF outbreaks during 1988 and 2003 in the Republic of Korea were genetically characterized for partial E2 gene (190 nucleotides) and compared with CSF viruses reported by other countries. Phylogenetic analyses classified Korean field isolates between1988 and 1999 into subgroup 3.2, forming an independent clade distinct from CSF viruses identified in other countries. In contrast, the viruses isolated during 2002-2003 CSF epidemics were classified into a different subgroup (2.1). The 2.1 viruses showed a close genetic relationship (92.1-100% nucleotide similarity) with CSF viruses reported from China and Taiwan in 1998-2001. As no evidence of CSF virus infection was detected in the wild boar (Sus scrofa coreanus) population that inhabits Korea, the results of molecular characterization strongly suggest that CSF epidemic outbreaks in Korean swine populations during 2002-2003 were attributed to the introduction of a new strain or strains, likely from neighboring countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Ho Cha
- Virology Division, National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, 480, Anyang 6-dong, Anyang, Gyeonggido, Republic of Korea
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Bang OY, Lee PH, Heo KG, Joo US, Yoon SR, Kim SY. Specific DWI lesion patterns predict prognosis after acute ischaemic stroke within the MCA territory. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76:1222-8. [PMID: 16107355 PMCID: PMC1739781 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.059998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apart from diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) lesion volume and diffusion-perfusion mismatching, there is limited information about neuroradiological predictors of early prognosis after an ischaemic stroke. This study sought to identify specific DWI lesion patterns that would help prediction of early prognosis of three different endpoints: unstable hospital course, recurrence of stroke, and poor neurological outcome at 90 days after ischaemic stroke. METHODS A total of 426 patients with acute cerebral infarcts within the middle cerebral artery territory were prospectively studied. Using the DWI data the patients were divided into six groups (territorial, other cortical, small superficial, internal border zone, small deep, and other deep infarcts), and any recurrent strokes and prognosis over the following 90 days were recorded. RESULTS DWI lesion pattern was a stronger and more consistent independent outcome predictor than DWI lesion volume. The specific DWI lesion patterns associated with each endpoint differed. An unstable hospital course was frequently observed in patients with internal border zone infarcts, whereas recurrent strokes after the index stroke were commoner in those who had small superficial infarcts (p<0.05 in both cases). Similarly, poor outcome after stroke was associated with older age, severe neurological deficits at admission, and a DWI lesion pattern showing internal border zone infarcts. CONCLUSIONS The results of the present study indicate that the DWI lesion pattern may help in recognition of the likely differences in the early prognostic endpoints after ischaemic stroke, and DWI analysis may guide targeted interventions to prevent negative outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Y Bang
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong San 5, Paldal-ku, Suwon, Kyungki-do 442-749, South Korea.
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Bang OY, Lee PH, Yoon SR, Lee MA, Joo IS, Huh K. Inflammatory markers, rather than conventional risk factors, are different between carotid and MCA atherosclerosis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76:1128-34. [PMID: 16024892 PMCID: PMC1739734 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.054403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apparent differences in risk factors for intra- and extracranial atherosclerosis are unclear and the mechanisms that underlie strokes in patients with intracranial atherosclerosis are not well known. We investigated the conventional vascular risk factors as well as other factors in stroke patients with large artery atherosclerosis. METHODS Using diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) and vascular and cardiologic studies, we selected patients with acute non-cardioembolic cerebral infarcts within the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory. Patients were divided into two groups: those with atherosclerotic lesions on the carotid sinus (n = 112) and those with isolated lesions on the proximal MCA (n = 160). Clinical features, risk factors, and DWI patterns were compared between groups. RESULTS There were no differences in conventional risk factors, but markers for inflammation were significantly higher in patients with carotid atherosclerosis than in those with isolated MCA atherosclerosis (p < 0.01 for both). After adjustments for age/sex and the severity of stroke, an inverse correlation was observed between C-reactive protein levels and MCA atherosclerosis (odds ratio 0.57 per 1 mg/dl increase; 95% confidence interval 0.35 to 0.92; p = 0.02). Internal borderzone infarcts suggestive of haemodynamic causes were the most frequent DWI pattern in patients with MCA occlusion, whereas territorial infarcts suggesting plaque ruptures were most common in those with carotid occlusion. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that inflammatory markers, rather than conventional risk factors, reveal clinical and radiological differences between patients with carotid and MCA atherosclerosis. Plaques associated with MCA atherosclerosis may be more stable than those associated with carotid atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Y Bang
- Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Ajou University, Woncheon-dong San 5, Suwon, Kyungki-do, 442-749, Republic of Korea.
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Han MS, Kang PW, Choi DH, Lee YH, Choi SK, Yoon SR, Shin DJ, Kim JM, Jin HJ, Kwak KD, Kim W. Korean population genetic data for eleven STR loci. Forensic Sci Int 2001; 123:230-1. [PMID: 11728753 DOI: 10.1016/s0379-0738(01)00531-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Allele frequency and forensic parameters for eleven STR loci were surveyed in a random sample from the Korean population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Han
- DNA Analysis Section, National Institute of Scientific Investigation, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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31
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Bang OY, Kim DI, Yoon SR, Choi IS. Idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningeal lesions: correlation between clinical patterns and neuroimaging characteristics. Eur Neurol 2000; 39:49-56. [PMID: 9476724 DOI: 10.1159/000007897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Nine patients with intracranial pachymeningeal thickening and enhancement on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) completed a short-term clinical and MRI follow-up study. Based on clinical pictures, 4 of them were found to have spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH) and the remaining 5 had idiopathic intracranial pachymeningitis (IIP). Both groups were compared regarding their clinical and MRI characteristics. In 4 patients with SIH, gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted images (WI) showed a diffuse and even enhancement of the entire intracranial and spinal dura mater. These thickened dura was slightly hyperintense on T2-WI. They had a favorable prognosis. In 2 patients with IIP, MRI demonstrated a relatively focal and even thickening and enhancement of the intracranial dura which was slightly hyperintense with a central hypointense area on T2-WI. These patients showed a very favorable course with or without steroid pulse therapy. In the remaining 3 patients with IIP, MRI depicted a focal, uneven enhancement of the intracranial dura which was relatively hypointense on T2-WI. Two of them with prolonged symptoms had a remitting and relapsing course, and 1 had a favorable outcome. In spite of current limitations in identifying the underlying causes of idiopathic pachymeningeal abnormalities, MRI can characterize the different patterns of pachymeningeal thickening. These findings may also correlate with the clinical picture and may be useful in predicting the response to treatment and prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Y Bang
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Cho DH, Song HK, Kang HS, Yoon SR, Lee HG, Pyun KH, Lee WJ, Kim YB, Choi I. Ligation of ICAM-1 molecules inhibits target cell-induced granule exocytosis of IL-12-activated natural killer cells. Cell Immunol 2000; 199:1-7. [PMID: 10675269 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1999.1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The importance of cell adhesion molecules such as ICAM-1 is emphasized in cell-to-cell interactions that are critical in the generation of effective immune reactions. In this study, the involvement of ICAM-1 in natural killer (NK) cell activities was characterized in IL-12-activated human NK cells. To address the question of whether ligation of ICAM-1 molecules can modulate NK cell cytolytic activities, a 4-h (51)Cr-release assay was performed after pretreatment of NK cells with R6.5 mAb (anti-human ICAM-1 mAb). Ligation of membrane ICAM-1 molecules significantly inhibited IL-12-enhanced NK cytotoxicity against K562, and the pretreatment of neutralizing soluble ICAM-1 with R6.5 mAb blocked this inhibitory effect. The involvement of Ca(2+)-dependent granular exocytosis was evaluated. BLT esterase assay demonstrated that the ligation of ICAM-1 molecules inhibited granular exocytosis of NK cells. Additionally, the ICAM-1-mediated inhibition of Ca(2+) flux in NK cells was detected using Fluo-3AM, while the pretreatment of NK cells with R6.5 mAb did not affect conjugate formation between NK and K562 cells. Collectively, these results suggest that the signals transduced from ICAM-1 molecules might be sufficient to induce inhibitory effects on NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Cho
- Immune Cell Signal Transduction R.U., KRIBB, Taejon, 305-600, Korea
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Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of childhood minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) has not been clearly defined, the current hypothesis favors an involvement of T cell dysfunction. The symptom onset and the relapse of MCNS are frequently associated with allergy and increased IgE levels in sera. Since a T cell-derived cytokine interleukin-4 (IL-4) plays a key role in the regulation of IgE production and allergic response, we investigated the role of IL-4 in the pathophysiology of MCNS. Using fluorescence-activated cell scanning we observed a significantly higher expression of CD23, the type II IgE receptor (FcepsilonRII), on fresh B cells from active MCNS patients (n=22) compared with age-matched healthy normal controls (n=12). The upregulation of CD23 correlates with greater IL-4 activity in the culture supernatant of MCNS peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs) than normal PBLs stimulated by mitogens, as assessed by the CD23-inducing effect of the PBL supernatant on tonsillar B cells. Furthermore, Northern blot and reverse transcription-based polymerase chain reaction analysis have revealed significantly elevated levels of IL-4 mRNAs both in mitogen-stimulated and unstimulated MCNS PBLs, compared with healthy normals or disease controls with other renal disorders. Together these results strongly suggest that the upregulation of IL-4 in T cells may be part of the T cell dysfunction involved in MCNS.
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MESH Headings
- Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Blocking/pharmacology
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Blotting, Northern
- Cells, Cultured
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism
- Culture Media, Conditioned/pharmacology
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Interleukin-4/antagonists & inhibitors
- Interleukin-4/immunology
- Interleukin-4/metabolism
- Lymphocytes/drug effects
- Lymphocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Mitogens/pharmacology
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/drug therapy
- Nephrosis, Lipoid/metabolism
- Palatine Tonsil/cytology
- Palatine Tonsil/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, IgE/biosynthesis
- Receptors, IgE/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Choi SK, Kim JW, Park SY, Kim YM, Kim JM, Ryu HM, Yang JS, Yoon SR. Retroactive DNA analysis for sex determination and dystrophin gene by polymerase chain reaction with archived cytogenetic slides. Exp Mol Med 1999; 31:36-41. [PMID: 10231021 DOI: 10.1038/emm.1999.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a rapid and efficient diagnostic method for sex determination and the dystrophin gene by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using archived cytogenetic slides. Archived cytogenetic slides stored for about 4 years at room temperature were used. To confirm whether DNA analysis is possible using the archived cytogenetic slides, we extracted the DNA from the slides and amplified the Y centromeric region (DYZ3), the X centromeric region (DXZ1) and the exon 46 of the dystrophin gene. Of the 50 cases, 24 were peripheral bloods, 13 were amniotic fluid cells, 5 were chorionic villus samplings and 8 were cord bloods. The PCR related sex determination in 22 females and 28 males, showed 100% concordance with the results of chromosome analysis, and all cases showed positive band for the exon 46 of the dystrophin gene. Of the 50 cases of the archived cytogenetic slides, we were fortunate enough to obtain the fresh blood sample from one fetus whose karyotype showed 45,X[34]/46,X,+mar[145] to compare the results of the gDNA with that from archived cytogenetic slide. To confirm whether the marker chromosome was derived from Y chromosome, we studied the six loci (PABY, SRY, RPS4Y (SY16, 17), ZFY, DYS14) on the short arm, one locus (DYZ3) on the centromere and one locus (DYZ1) on the long arm. Of the 8 loci studies, all PCR related Y chromosome showed positive band from both gDNA obtained from cord blood and archived cytogenetic slides. We could conclude from the above results that the marker chromosome was derived from the Y chromosome. We believe our experiment is rapid and efficient for studies of over 10 independent loci from a single slide which has been kept in storage for up to 4 years and that archival Giemsa-stained cytogenetic slide repositories represent valuable DNA resources for clinical and forensic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Choi
- Samsung Cheil Hospital and Women's Healthcare Center, Medical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.
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Yoon SR, Nah JJ, Kim SK, Kim SC, Nam KY, Jung DW, Nah SY. Determination of ginsenoside Rf and Rg2 from Panax ginseng using enzyme immunoassay. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1998; 46:1144-7. [PMID: 9692222 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.46.1144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We have developed an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) to quantify trace amounts of ginsenoside Rf (Rf), one of the glycosides of protopanaxatriol from Panax ginseng. A carrier protein of bovine serum albumin (BSA) was coupled to the carbohydrate component of Rf using the periodate oxidation method. Antibodies were raised in rabbits using Rf-BSA conjugate as the immunogen and competitive indirect EIA was used for the determination of Rf. The working range was 0.01-10 ng per assay. The anti-Rf antiserum cross-reacted with ginsenoside Rg2 (105%), which is also a component of Panax ginseng and has a very similar chemical structure to Rf. These results suggest that the anti-Rf antiserum could also be used for the quantitation of ginsenoside Rg2 as well as ginsenoside Rf. In a comparison of EIA and HPLC the linear regression equation and correlation coefficient for the two methods were y(EIA) = 1.31x (HPLC)-11.48 and 0.98, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Yoon
- Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine Chonnam National University, Kwangju Korea
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Yoon SR, Nah JJ, Shin YH, Kim SK, Nam KY, Choi HS, Nah SY. Ginsenosides induce differential antinociception and inhibit substance P induced-nociceptive response in mice. Life Sci 1998; 62:PL 319-25. [PMID: 9619848 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(98)00168-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ginsenosides are main pharmacoactive molecules of ginseng. The antinociceptive activity of ginsenosides after intrathecal (i.t.) injection was examined in formalin test. We also investigated the effects of ginsenosides on substance P (SP) induced-pain behaviors by i.t. treatment using mice. Pretreatment of ginsenosides by i.t. induced the inhibition of biting and licking of hind paw injected with 1% formalin with dose-dependent manner. The ED50 was 23 (19-28, 95% C.I.) microg/mouse for acute phase and 15 (9-23, 95% C.I.) microg/mouse for tonic phase. Interestingly, cotreatment of ginsenosides with SP also inhibited SP-induced pain behaviors (scratching, licking or biting of hind portion of body) with dose-dependent manner. The ED50 for the inhibition of SP-induced pain behavior by ginsenosides was 30 (11-85, 95% C.I.) microg/mouse. These results suggest that ginsenosides have antinociceptive activity in formalin test and this effect is due to blocking of SP-induced nociceptive information to postsynaptic site(s) at the spinal level.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Yoon
- Dept. of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Kwangju, Korea
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Yoon SR, Cho DH, Pyun KH, Choi I. Modulation of NK-target cell interaction by a monoclonal antibody to K562 cells. Immunol Lett 1998; 61:145-9. [PMID: 9657267 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(98)00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to identify the target cell recognition molecules involved in the interaction between natural killer (NK) cells and target cells, we have generated monoclonal antibodies to K562, NK-sensitive target cells. After screening by FACScan for the reactivity to K562, one monoclonal antibody (mAb), 4A60, was selected. MAb 4A60 was found to inhibit the proliferation of NK cells induced by IL-2 and K562 cells. However, this monoclonal antibody could not significantly block the conjugate formation between NK and target cells. Moreover, mAb 4A60 only slightly inhibited the cytotoxicity of NK cells induced by IL-2. Protein analysis showed that mAb 4A60 recognized a 53-kDa protein of K562 cells. Taken together, these data suggest that mAb 4A60 inhibits the proliferation of NK cells induced by IL-2 and target cells, and the 53-kDa protein, a tentative ligand of this mAb of K562, may be involved in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Yoon
- Immune Cell Signal Transduction, R.U., Yusong, South Korea
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Lee CE, Yoon SR, Pyun KH. Mechanism of interferon-gamma down-regulation of the interleukin 4-induced CD23/Fc epsilon RII expression in human B cells: post-transcriptional modulation by interferon-gamma. Mol Immunol 1993; 30:301-7. [PMID: 8433708 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(93)90058-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that the interleukin 4 (IL-4) specific induction of cell surface CD23 (Fc epsilon RII) is down-regulated by interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) in monocytes and B cells. However, the molecular level at which the inhibition occurs seems to vary depending on the cell types. In normal human B cells, IFN-gamma inhibits the IL-4 induced de novo synthesis of CD23 at the level of gene expression. Analysis of inhibition kinetics suggested a rapid signal transmission by IFN-gamma. Yet the inhibitory action of IFN-gamma on CD23 mRNA accumulation appeared as a secondary response requiring a new protein synthesis. Through nuclear run-on transcription and mRNA stability studies, we further demonstrate that the IL-4 induced CD23 gene expression is down-regulated by IFN-gamma mainly at post-transcriptional levels by decreasing mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Lee
- Immunology Research Laboratory, Genetic Engineering Research Institute, KIST, Taedok Science Town, Taejon, Korea
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Lee CE, Yoon SR, Pyun KH. Interleukin-4 signals regulating CD23 gene expression in human B cells: protein kinase C-independent signaling pathways. Cell Immunol 1993; 146:171-85. [PMID: 8425225 DOI: 10.1006/cimm.1993.1015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Signal transduction by IL-4 leading to the activation of CD23(Fc epsilon RII) gene expression using human tonsillar B cells was studied. IL-4 stimulated CD23 mRNA transcription within hours (1-4 hr) which preceded the later induction of cell surface CD23. The induction of CD23 gene transcription by IL-4 was not adversely affected by cycloheximide, suggesting that post-translational modifications are accounted for the gene activation. PKC activators (PMA, diacylglycerol, indolactam) were effective inducers of CD23 gene expression, whereas calcium ionophores were not. PMA and IL-4 also displayed similar induction kinetics for CD23 mRNA. However, the signaling pathways utilized by the two agents appear distinct as shown by (1) cotreatment of IL-4 and PMA caused CD23 gene expression over the maximum level inducible by each agent alone and (2) unlike the PMA-induced CD23 expression, the IL-4-induced expression was not affected by PKC inhibitors. These results strongly suggest that IL-4 signals leading to CD23 gene activation are mediated via a PKC-independent pathway. A possible role of tyrosine kinases in the regulation of CD23 expression is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Lee
- Immunology Research Laboratory, Genetic Engineering Research Institute, KIST, Taejon, Korea
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