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Koriath C, Kenny J, Adamson G, Druyeh R, Taylor W, Beck J, Quinn L, Mok TH, Dimitriadis A, Norsworthy P, Bass N, Carter J, Walker Z, Kipps C, Coulthard E, Polke JM, Bernal-Quiros M, Denning N, Thomas R, Raybould R, Williams J, Mummery CJ, Wild EJ, Houlden H, Tabrizi SJ, Rossor MN, Hummerich H, Warren JD, Rowe JB, Rohrer JD, Schott JM, Fox NC, Collinge J, Mead S. Predictors for a dementia gene mutation based on gene-panel next-generation sequencing of a large dementia referral series. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:3399-3412. [PMID: 30279455 PMCID: PMC6330090 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-018-0224-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Next-generation genetic sequencing (NGS) technologies facilitate the screening of multiple genes linked to neurodegenerative dementia, but there are few reports about their use in clinical practice. Which patients would most profit from testing, and information on the likelihood of discovery of a causal variant in a clinical syndrome, are conspicuously absent from the literature, mostly for a lack of large-scale studies. We applied a validated NGS dementia panel to 3241 patients with dementia and healthy aged controls; 13,152 variants were classified by likelihood of pathogenicity. We identified 354 deleterious variants (DV, 12.6% of patients); 39 were novel DVs. Age at clinical onset, clinical syndrome and family history each strongly predict the likelihood of finding a DV, but healthcare setting and gender did not. DVs were frequently found in genes not usually associated with the clinical syndrome. Patients recruited from primary referral centres were compared with those seen at higher-level research centres and a national clinical neurogenetic laboratory; rates of discovery were comparable, making selection bias unlikely and the results generalisable to clinical practice. We estimated penetrance of DVs using large-scale online genomic population databases and found 71 with evidence of reduced penetrance. Two DVs in the same patient were found more frequently than expected. These data should provide a basis for more informed counselling and clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Koriath
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - J Kenny
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - G Adamson
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - R Druyeh
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - W Taylor
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - J Beck
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - L Quinn
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - T H Mok
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - A Dimitriadis
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - P Norsworthy
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - N Bass
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, Maple House, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Carter
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, Maple House, University College London, London, UK
| | - Z Walker
- UCL Division of Psychiatry, Maple House, University College London, London, UK
- Essex Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, SS11 7XX, UK
| | - C Kipps
- Wessex Neurological Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - E Coulthard
- Institute of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Bristol, Level 1 Learning and Research Building, Bristol, BS10 5NB, UK
| | - J M Polke
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - M Bernal-Quiros
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - N Denning
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - R Thomas
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - R Raybould
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - J Williams
- Division of Psychological Medicine & Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Maindy Road, Cardiff, CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - C J Mummery
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - E J Wild
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - H Houlden
- Neurogenetics Laboratory, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - S J Tabrizi
- Huntington's Disease Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - M N Rossor
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - H Hummerich
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - J D Warren
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - J B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SZ, UK
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - J D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - J M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - N C Fox
- Dementia Research Centre, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - J Collinge
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK
| | - S Mead
- MRC Prion Unit at UCL, UCL Institute of Prion Diseases, Courtauld Building, London, W1W 7FF, UK.
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Silveira CB, Luque A, Roach TN, Villela H, Barno A, Green K, Reyes B, Rubio-Portillo E, Le T, Mead S, Hatay M, Vermeij MJ, Takeshita Y, Haas A, Bailey B, Rohwer F. Biophysical and physiological processes causing oxygen loss from coral reefs. eLife 2019; 8:49114. [PMID: 31793432 PMCID: PMC6890468 DOI: 10.7554/elife.49114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbialization of coral reefs predicts that microbial oxygen consumption will cause reef deoxygenation. Here we tested this hypothesis by analyzing reef microbial and primary producer oxygen metabolisms. Metagenomic data and in vitro incubations of bacteria with primary producer exudates showed that fleshy algae stimulate incomplete carbon oxidation metabolisms in heterotrophic bacteria. These metabolisms lead to increased cell sizes and abundances, resulting in bacteria consuming 10 times more oxygen than in coral incubations. Experiments probing the dissolved and gaseous oxygen with primary producers and bacteria together indicated the loss of oxygen through ebullition caused by heterogenous nucleation on algae surfaces. A model incorporating experimental production and loss rates predicted that microbes and ebullition can cause the loss of up to 67% of gross benthic oxygen production. This study indicates that microbial respiration and ebullition are increasingly relevant to reef deoxygenation as reefs become dominated by fleshy algae. Rising water temperatures, pollution and other factors are increasingly threatening corals and the entire reef ecosystems they build. The potential for corals to resist and recover from the stress these factors cause ultimately depends on their ability to compete against fast-growing fleshy algae that can rapidly take over the reefs. Living on the fleshy algae, the coral and in the surrounding water are communities of bacteria and other microbes that help maintain the health of the coral reef. Both corals and algae modify the chemical and physical environment of the reef to alter the composition of the microbial communities for their own benefit. Algae, for instance, release large amounts of sugars and other molecules of organic carbon into the water. These carbon molecules are then taken up by the bacteria, along with oxygen, to produce chemical energy via a process called respiration. This could cause the levels of oxygen in the water to decrease, potentially damaging the corals and creating more open space for the algae. Previous studies have revealed how communities of microbes on coral reefs use organic carbon, but it remains unclear how they affect the levels of oxygen in the reefs. To address this question, Silveira et al. used an approach called metagenomics to analyze the bacteria in samples of water from 87 reefs across the Pacific and the Caribbean, and also performed experiments with reef bacteria grown in the laboratory. The experiments showed that bacteria growing in the presence of fleshy algae became larger and more abundant than bacteria growing near corals, resulting in the water containing lower levels of oxygen. Furthermore, the fleshy algae produced bubbles of oxygen that were released from the water. Silveira et al. developed a mathematical model that predicted that these bubbles, combined with the respiration of bacteria that live near algae, caused the loss of 67% of the oxygen in the water surrounding the reef. These findings represent a fundamental step towards understanding how changes in the levels of oxygen in water affect the ability of coral reefs to resist and recover from stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia B Silveira
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States.,Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States
| | - Antoni Luque
- Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States.,Computational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States.,Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States
| | - Ty Nf Roach
- Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Kāneohe, United States
| | - Helena Villela
- Department of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adam Barno
- Department of Microbiology, Rio de Janeiro Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Kevin Green
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States
| | - Brandon Reyes
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States
| | - Esther Rubio-Portillo
- Department of Physiology, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Tram Le
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States
| | - Spencer Mead
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States
| | - Mark Hatay
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States.,Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States
| | - Mark Ja Vermeij
- CARMABI Foundation, Willemstad, Curaçao.,Department of Freshwater and Marine Ecology, Institute for Biodiversity andEcosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Andreas Haas
- NIOZ Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Utrecht University, Texel, Netherlands
| | - Barbara Bailey
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States
| | - Forest Rohwer
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States.,Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, United States
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Convery R, Mead S, Rohrer JD. Review: Clinical, genetic and neuroimaging features of frontotemporal dementia. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:6-18. [DOI: 10.1111/nan.12535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R. Convery
- Dementia Research Centre; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; London UK
| | - S. Mead
- UCL Institute of Prion Diseases; MRC Prion Unit at UCL; London UK
| | - J. D. Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre; Department of Neurodegenerative Disease; UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology; London UK
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Harrison T, Blozis S, Dionne-Vahalik M, Mead S. PALLIATIVE AND HOSPICE SERVICES IN LONG TERM CARE. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Blozis
- Department of Psychology University of California, Davis
| | | | - S Mead
- Medicaid and CHIP Services
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Manning A, Harrison T, Blozis S, Dionne-Vahalik M, Mead S. URINARY INCONTINENCE AND THE EMERGENCE OF QUALITY IN TEXAS NURSING FACILITIES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.2687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - S Blozis
- Department of Psychology University of California, Davis
| | | | - S Mead
- Medicaid and CHIP Services
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7
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Amaudruz PA, Baldwin M, Batygov M, Beltran B, Bina CE, Bishop D, Bonatt J, Boorman G, Boulay MG, Broerman B, Bromwich T, Bueno JF, Burghardt PM, Butcher A, Cai B, Chan S, Chen M, Chouinard R, Cleveland BT, Cranshaw D, Dering K, DiGioseffo J, Dittmeier S, Duncan FA, Dunford M, Erlandson A, Fatemighomi N, Florian S, Flower A, Ford RJ, Gagnon R, Giampa P, Golovko VV, Gorel P, Gornea R, Grace E, Graham K, Gulyev E, Hakobyan R, Hall A, Hallin AL, Hamstra M, Harvey PJ, Hearns C, Jillings CJ, Kamaev O, Kemp A, Kuźniak M, Langrock S, La Zia F, Lehnert B, Lidgard JJ, Lim C, Lindner T, Linn Y, Liu S, Majewski P, Mathew R, McDonald AB, McElroy T, McGinn T, McLaughlin JB, Mead S, Mehdiyev R, Mielnichuk C, Monroe J, Muir A, Nadeau P, Nantais C, Ng C, Noble AJ, O'Dwyer E, Ohlmann C, Olchanski K, Olsen KS, Ouellet C, Pasuthip P, Peeters SJM, Pollmann TR, Rand ET, Rau W, Rethmeier C, Retière F, Seeburn N, Shaw B, Singhrao K, Skensved P, Smith B, Smith NJT, Sonley T, Soukup J, Stainforth R, Stone C, Strickland V, Sur B, Tang J, Taylor J, Veloce L, Vázquez-Jáuregui E, Walding J, Ward M, Westerdale S, Woolsey E, Zielinski J. First Results from the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search with Argon at SNOLAB. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:071801. [PMID: 30169081 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.071801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This Letter reports the first results of a direct dark matter search with the DEAP-3600 single-phase liquid argon (LAr) detector. The experiment was performed 2 km underground at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada) utilizing a large target mass, with the LAr target contained in a spherical acrylic vessel of 3600 kg capacity. The LAr is viewed by an array of PMTs, which would register scintillation light produced by rare nuclear recoil signals induced by dark matter particle scattering. An analysis of 4.44 live days (fiducial exposure of 9.87 ton day) of data taken during the initial filling phase demonstrates the best electronic recoil rejection using pulse-shape discrimination in argon, with leakage <1.2×10^{-7} (90% C.L.) between 15 and 31 keV_{ee}. No candidate signal events are observed, which results in the leading limit on weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-nucleon spin-independent cross section on argon, <1.2×10^{-44} cm^{2} for a 100 GeV/c^{2} WIMP mass (90% C.L.).
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Affiliation(s)
- P-A Amaudruz
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Baldwin
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - M Batygov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - B Beltran
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - C E Bina
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - D Bishop
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - J Bonatt
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - G Boorman
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - M G Boulay
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - B Broerman
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - T Bromwich
- University of Sussex, Sussex House, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - J F Bueno
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - P M Burghardt
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - A Butcher
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - B Cai
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S Chan
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - M Chen
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - R Chouinard
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - B T Cleveland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1M3, Canada
| | - D Cranshaw
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - K Dering
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - J DiGioseffo
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S Dittmeier
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - F A Duncan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1M3, Canada
| | - M Dunford
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - A Erlandson
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - N Fatemighomi
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - S Florian
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A Flower
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - R J Ford
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1M3, Canada
| | - R Gagnon
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - P Giampa
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - V V Golovko
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - P Gorel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1M3, Canada
| | - R Gornea
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - E Grace
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - K Graham
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - E Gulyev
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - R Hakobyan
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - A Hall
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - A L Hallin
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - M Hamstra
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - P J Harvey
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C Hearns
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C J Jillings
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1M3, Canada
| | - O Kamaev
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - A Kemp
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - M Kuźniak
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - S Langrock
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - F La Zia
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - B Lehnert
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - J J Lidgard
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C Lim
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - T Lindner
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - Y Linn
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - S Liu
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - P Majewski
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, Didcot OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - R Mathew
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - A B McDonald
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - T McElroy
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - T McGinn
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - J B McLaughlin
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S Mead
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - R Mehdiyev
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - C Mielnichuk
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - J Monroe
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - A Muir
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - P Nadeau
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1M3, Canada
| | - C Nantais
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C Ng
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - A J Noble
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - E O'Dwyer
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C Ohlmann
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - K Olchanski
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - K S Olsen
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - C Ouellet
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - P Pasuthip
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S J M Peeters
- University of Sussex, Sussex House, Brighton, East Sussex BN1 9RH, United Kingdom
| | - T R Pollmann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- Department of Physics, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - E T Rand
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - W Rau
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - C Rethmeier
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - F Retière
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N Seeburn
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - B Shaw
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - K Singhrao
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - P Skensved
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - B Smith
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
| | - N J T Smith
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1M3, Canada
| | - T Sonley
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1M3, Canada
| | - J Soukup
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - R Stainforth
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - C Stone
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - V Strickland
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - B Sur
- Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Ltd, Chalk River, Ontario K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - J Tang
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - J Taylor
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - L Veloce
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - E Vázquez-Jáuregui
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
- SNOLAB, Lively, Ontario P3Y 1M3, Canada
- Instituto de Física, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, A. P. 20-364, México D. F. 01000, Mexico
| | - J Walding
- Royal Holloway University London, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey TW20 0EX, United Kingdom
| | - M Ward
- Department of Physics, Engineering Physics, and Astronomy, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - S Westerdale
- Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - E Woolsey
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada
| | - J Zielinski
- TRIUMF, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 2A3, Canada
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Devenney E, Swinn T, Mioshi E, Hornberger M, Dawson KE, Mead S, Rowe JB, Hodges JR. The behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia phenocopy syndrome is a distinct entity - evidence from a longitudinal study. BMC Neurol 2018; 18:56. [PMID: 29704893 PMCID: PMC5923010 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-018-1060-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to i) examine the frequency of C9orf72 expansions in a cohort of patients with the behavioural variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) phenocopy syndrome, ii) observe outcomes in a group of phenocopy syndrome with very long term follow-up and iii) compare progression in a cohort of patients with the phenocopy syndrome to a cohort of patients with probable bvFTD. Methods Blood was obtained from 16 phenocopy cases. All met criteria for possible bvFTD and were labeled as phenocopy cases if they showed no functional decline, normal cognitive performance on the Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised (ACE-R) and a lack of atrophy on brain imaging, over at least 3 years of follow-up. In addition, we obtained very long term follow-up data in 6 cases. A mixed model analysis approach determined the pattern of change in cognition and behaviour over time in phenocopy cases compared to 27 probable bvFTD cases. Results All 16 patients were screened for the C9orf72 expansion that was present in only one (6.25%). Of the 6 cases available for very long-term follow-up (13 - 21 years) none showed progression to frank dementia. Moreover, there was a decrease in the caregiver ratings of behavioural symptoms over time. Phenocopy cases showed significantly slower rates of progression compared to probable bvFTD patients (p < 0.006). Conclusion The vast majority of patients with the bvFTD phenocopy syndrome remain stable over many years. An occasional patient can harbor the C9orf72 expansion. The aetiology of the remaining cases remains unknown but it appears very unlikely to reflect a neurodegenerative syndrome due to lack of clinical progression or atrophy on imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Devenney
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, Australia.
| | - T Swinn
- Medical Research Council Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, UK
| | - E Mioshi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - M Hornberger
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - K E Dawson
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Mead
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
| | - J B Rowe
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - J R Hodges
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2050, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, Australia
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Thompson AGB, Uphill J, Lowe J, Porter MC, Lukic A, Carswell C, Rudge P, MacKay A, Collinge J, Mead S. Genome-wide association study of behavioural and psychiatric features in human prion disease. Transl Psychiatry 2015; 5:e552. [PMID: 25897833 PMCID: PMC4462605 DOI: 10.1038/tp.2015.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are rare neurodegenerative conditions causing highly variable clinical syndromes, which often include prominent neuropsychiatric symptoms. We have recently carried out a clinical study of behavioural and psychiatric symptoms in a large prospective cohort of patients with prion disease in the United Kingdom, allowing us to operationalise specific behavioural/psychiatric phenotypes as traits in human prion disease. Here, we report exploratory genome-wide association analysis on 170 of these patients and 5200 UK controls, looking for single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with three behavioural/psychiatric phenotypes in the context of prion disease. We also specifically examined a selection of candidate SNPs that have shown genome-wide association with psychiatric conditions in previously published studies, and the codon 129 polymorphism of the prion protein gene, which is known to modify various aspects of the phenotype of prion disease. No SNPs reached genome-wide significance, and there was no evidence of altered burden of known psychiatric risk alleles in relevant prion cases. SNPs showing suggestive evidence of association (P<10(-5)) included several lying near genes previously implicated in association studies of other psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases. These include ANK3, SORL1 and a region of chromosome 6p containing several genes implicated in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. We would encourage others to acquire phenotype data in independent cohorts of patients with prion disease as well as other neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric conditions, to allow meta-analysis that may shed clearer light on the biological basis of these complex disease manifestations, and the diseases themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G B Thompson
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK,NHS National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - J Uphill
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - J Lowe
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK,NHS National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M-C Porter
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK,NHS National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Lukic
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK,NHS National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - C Carswell
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK,NHS National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - P Rudge
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK,NHS National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A MacKay
- NHS Highland Mental Health Services, Argyll and Bute Hospital, Lochgilphead, Argyll, UK
| | - J Collinge
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK,NHS National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - S Mead
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, UK,NHS National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK,MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. E-mail:
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10
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Porter MC, De Vita E, Simpson I, Franko E, Bjurstrom N, Rudge P, Mead S, Collinge J, Thornton J, Hyare H. MULTI-PARAMETER MRI ANALYSIS IN THE NATIONAL PRION COHORT. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309236.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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11
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Chantrill L, Johns A, Watson C, Mead S, Gill A, Pavlakis N, Grimison P, Asghari G, Li B, Chou A, Simpson S, Martyn-Smith M, Nagrial A, Chin V, Sebastian L, Yip S, Sjoquist K, Grimmond S, Simes R, Biankin A. Precision Medicine for Advanced Pancreas Cancer: Early Lessons Learned from Negotiating the Pitfalls of a Molecular Therapeutics Trial in a Poor Prognosis Cancer. Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu358.59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Bennetts B, Caramins M, Hsu A, Lau C, Mead S, Meldrum C, Smith T, Suthers G, Taylor G, Cotton R, Tyrrell V. Quality standards for DNA sequence variation databases to improve clinical management under development in Australia. Appl Transl Genom 2014; 3:54-57. [PMID: 27294016 PMCID: PMC4888016 DOI: 10.1016/j.atg.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite the routine nature of comparing sequence variations identified during clinical testing to database records, few databases meet quality requirements for clinical diagnostics. To address this issue, The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA) in collaboration with the Human Genetics Society of Australasia (HGSA), and the Human Variome Project (HVP) is developing standards for DNA sequence variation databases intended for use in the Australian clinical environment. The outputs of this project will be promoted to other health systems and accreditation bodies by the Human Variome Project to support the development of similar frameworks in other jurisdictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bennetts
- Western Sydney Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - M. Caramins
- SDS Pathology, North Ryde, NSW 2113, Australia
| | - A. Hsu
- Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - C. Lau
- Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, 207 Albion Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
| | - S. Mead
- South Eastern Sydney Laboratory Services, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - C. Meldrum
- Hunter Area Pathology Service, John Hunter Hospital, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - T.D. Smith
- Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Human Variome Project International, Level 5, 234 Queensberry Street, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - G. Suthers
- SA Clinical Genetics Service, SA Pathology, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, SA 5008, Australia
| | - G.R. Taylor
- Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - R.G.H. Cotton
- Genomic Medicine, Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
- Human Variome Project International, Level 5, 234 Queensberry Street, University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - V. Tyrrell
- Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, 207 Albion Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia
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13
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Hensman Moss D, Poulter M, Beck J, Polke J, Campbell T, Adamson G, Hehir J, Mudanohwo E, McColgan P, Wild E, Haworth A, Sweeney M, Houlden H, Mead S, Tabrizi S. K11 C9orf72 Expansions Are The Most Common Genetic Cause Of Huntington's Disease Phenocopy Presentations In A Uk Cohort. J Neurol Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-309032.235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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14
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Newman PK, Todd NV, Scoones D, Mead S, Knight RSG, Will RG, Ironside JW. Postmortem findings in a case of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease treated with intraventricular pentosan polysulfate. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2014; 85:921-4. [PMID: 24554103 PMCID: PMC4112497 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2013-305590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A small number of patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) have been treated with intraventicular pentosan polysulfate (iPPS) and extended survival has been reported in some cases. To date, there have been no reports on the findings of postmortem examination of the brain in treated patients and the reasons for the extended survival are uncertain. We report on the neuropathological findings in a case of vCJD treated with PPS. METHODS Data on survival in vCJD is available from information held at the National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit and includes the duration of illness in 176 cases of vCJD, five of which were treated with iPPS. One of these individuals, who received iPPS for 8 years and lived for 105 months, underwent postmortem examination, including neuropathological examination of the brain. RESULTS The mean survival in vCJD is 17 months, with 40 months the maximum survival in patients not treated with PPS. In the 5 patients treated with PPS survival was 16 months, 45 months, 84 months, 105 months and 114 months. The patient who survived 105 months underwent postmortem examination which confirmed the diagnosis of vCJD and showed severe, but typical, changes, including neuronal loss, astrocytic gliosis and extensive prion protein (PrP) deposition in the brain. The patient was also given PPS for a short period by peripheral infusion and there was limited PrP immunostaining in lymphoreticular tissues such as spleen and appendix. CONCLUSIONS Treatment with iPPS did not reduce the overall neuropathological changes in the brain. The reduced peripheral immunostaining for PrP may reflect atrophy of these tissues in relation to chronic illness rather than a treatment effect. The reason for the long survival in patients treated with iPPS is unclear, but a treatment effect on the disease process cannot be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- P K Newman
- Department of Neurology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesborough, UK
| | - N V Todd
- Department of Neurosurgery, Northern Medical Services, Newcastle, UK
| | - D Scoones
- Department of Neurology, James Cook University Hospital, Middlesborough, UK
| | - S Mead
- National Prion Clinic, London, UK
| | - R S G Knight
- National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R G Will
- National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J W Ironside
- National CJD Research and Surveillance Unit, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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15
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Slattery C, Beck J, Harper L, Adamson G, Abdi Z, Uphill J, Campbell T, Druyeh R, Mahoney C, Rohrer J, Kenny J, Lowe J, Leung K, Barnes J, Clegg S, Blair M, Nicholas J, Guerreiro R, Rowe J, Ponto C, Zerr I, Kretzschmar H, Gambetti P, Crutch S, Warren J, Rossor M, Fox N, Collinge J, Schott J, Mead S. TREM2 VARIANTS INCREASE RISK OF TYPICAL EARLY-ONSET ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE BUT NOT OF PRION OR FRONTOTEMPORAL DEMENTIA. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2014-308883.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Lambert JC, Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Harold D, Naj AC, Sims R, Bellenguez C, DeStafano AL, Bis JC, Beecham GW, Grenier-Boley B, Russo G, Thorton-Wells TA, Jones N, Smith AV, Chouraki V, Thomas C, Ikram MA, Zelenika D, Vardarajan BN, Kamatani Y, Lin CF, Gerrish A, Schmidt H, Kunkle B, Dunstan ML, Ruiz A, Bihoreau MT, Choi SH, Reitz C, Pasquier F, Cruchaga C, Craig D, Amin N, Berr C, Lopez OL, De Jager PL, Deramecourt V, Johnston JA, Evans D, Lovestone S, Letenneur L, Morón FJ, Rubinsztein DC, Eiriksdottir G, Sleegers K, Goate AM, Fiévet N, Huentelman MW, Gill M, Brown K, Kamboh MI, Keller L, Barberger-Gateau P, McGuiness B, Larson EB, Green R, Myers AJ, Dufouil C, Todd S, Wallon D, Love S, Rogaeva E, Gallacher J, St George-Hyslop P, Clarimon J, Lleo A, Bayer A, Tsuang DW, Yu L, Tsolaki M, Bossù P, Spalletta G, Proitsi P, Collinge J, Sorbi S, Sanchez-Garcia F, Fox NC, Hardy J, Deniz Naranjo MC, Bosco P, Clarke R, Brayne C, Galimberti D, Mancuso M, Matthews F, Moebus S, Mecocci P, Del Zompo M, Maier W, Hampel H, Pilotto A, Bullido M, Panza F, Caffarra P, Nacmias B, Gilbert JR, Mayhaus M, Lannefelt L, Hakonarson H, Pichler S, Carrasquillo MM, Ingelsson M, Beekly D, Alvarez V, Zou F, Valladares O, Younkin SG, Coto E, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Gu W, Razquin C, Pastor P, Mateo I, Owen MJ, Faber KM, Jonsson PV, Combarros O, O'Donovan MC, Cantwell LB, Soininen H, Blacker D, Mead S, Mosley TH, Bennett DA, Harris TB, Fratiglioni L, Holmes C, de Bruijn RF, Passmore P, Montine TJ, Bettens K, Rotter JI, Brice A, Morgan K, Foroud TM, Kukull WA, Hannequin D, Powell JF, Nalls MA, Ritchie K, Lunetta KL, Kauwe JS, Boerwinkle E, Riemenschneider M, Boada M, Hiltuenen M, Martin ER, Schmidt R, Rujescu D, Wang LS, Dartigues JF, Mayeux R, Tzourio C, Hofman A, Nöthen MM, Graff C, Psaty BM, Jones L, Haines JL, Holmans PA, Lathrop M, Pericak-Vance MA, Launer LJ, Farrer LA, van Duijn CM, Van Broeckhoven C, Moskvina V, Seshadri S, Williams J, Schellenberg GD, Amouyel P. Meta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1452-8. [PMID: 24162737 PMCID: PMC3896259 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2947] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eleven susceptibility loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) were identified by previous studies; however, a large portion of the genetic risk for this disease remains unexplained. We conducted a large, two-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry. In stage 1, we used genotyped and imputed data (7,055,881 SNPs) to perform meta-analysis on 4 previously published GWAS data sets consisting of 17,008 Alzheimer's disease cases and 37,154 controls. In stage 2, 11,632 SNPs were genotyped and tested for association in an independent set of 8,572 Alzheimer's disease cases and 11,312 controls. In addition to the APOE locus (encoding apolipoprotein E), 19 loci reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) in the combined stage 1 and stage 2 analysis, of which 11 are newly associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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McKnight K, Herron B, Turkington J, Haffey S, Mead S, McMonagle P, McConville J. Inherited prion disease due to 5-octapeptide repeat insertion. J Neurol Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2013.07.1239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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De Vita E, Ridgway GR, Scahill RI, Caine D, Rudge P, Yousry TA, Mead S, Collinge J, Jäger HR, Thornton JS, Hyare H. Multiparameter MR imaging in the 6-OPRI variant of inherited prion disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2013; 34:1723-30. [PMID: 23538406 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Inherited prion diseases represent over 15% of human prion cases and are a frequent cause of early onset dementia. The purpose of this study was to define the distribution of changes in cerebral volumetric and microstructural parenchymal tissues in a specific inherited human prion disease mutation combining VBM with VBA of cerebral MTR and MD. MATERIALS AND METHODS VBM and VBA of cerebral MTR and MD were performed in 16 healthy control participants and 9 patients with the 6-OPRI mutation. An analysis of covariance consisting of diagnostic grouping with age and total intracranial volume as covariates was performed. RESULTS On VBM, there was a significant reduction in gray matter volume in patients compared with control participants in the basal ganglia, perisylvian cortex, lingual gyrus, and precuneus. Significant MTR reduction and MD increases were more anatomically extensive than volume differences on VBM in the same cortical areas, but MTR and MD changes were not seen in the basal ganglia. CONCLUSIONS Gray matter and WM changes were seen in brain areas associated with motor and cognitive functions known to be impaired in patients with the 6-OPRI mutation. There were some differences in the anatomic distribution of MTR-VBA and MD-VBA changes compared with VBM, likely to reflect regional variations in the type and degree of the respective pathophysiologic substrates. Combined analysis of complementary multiparameter MR imaging data furthers our understanding of prion disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- E De Vita
- Lysholm Department of Neuroradiology
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Wolf C, Downing D, Mead S, Goodfriend C, Underwood S, Loosle B, Mac C. Analyzing contraception refill compliance in college students and pharmacist's role in the provision of contraception. Contraception 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2013.04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Porter MC, Hyare H, De Vita E, Thompson A, Lukic A, Yousry T, Rudge P, Mead S, Collinge J, Thornton J. 022 Voxelwise analysis of cerebral diffusion tensor imaging in prion diseases. J Neurol Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-301993.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Ryan N, Biessels G, Bastos-Leite A, Beck J, Mead S, Morris H, Schott JM, Rossor MN, Fox NC. 1130 White matter lesions in familial Alzheimer's disease: evidence for influence of mutation position on amyloid angiopathy? J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-301993.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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22
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Alner K, Hyare H, Mead S, Rudge P, Wroe S, Rohrer JD, Ridgway GR, Ourselin S, Clarkson M, Hunt H, Fox NC, Webb T, Collinge J, Cipolotti L. Distinct neuropsychological profiles correspond to distribution of cortical thinning in inherited prion disease caused by insertional mutation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012; 83:109-14. [PMID: 21849340 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-300167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The human prion diseases are a group of universally fatal neurodegenerative disorders associated with the auto-catalytic misfolding of the normal cell surface prion protein (PrP). Mutations causative of inherited human prion disease (IPD) include an insertion of six additional octapeptide repeats (6-OPRI) and a missense mutation (P102L) with large families segregating for each mutation residing in southern England. Here we report for the first time the neuropsychological and clinical assessments in these two groups. METHOD The cognitive profiles addressing all major domains were obtained for 26 patients (18 6-OPRI, 8 P102L) and the cortical thickness determined using 1.5T MRI in a subset of 10 (six 6-OPRI, four P102L). RESULTS The cognitive profiles were different in patients with the two mutations in the symptomatic phase of the disease. The 6-OPRI group had lower premorbid optimal levels of functioning (assessed on the NART) than the P102L group. In the symptomatic phase of the disease the 6-OPRI patients had significantly more executive dysfunction than the P102L group and were more impaired on tests of perception and nominal functions. There was anecdotal evidence of low premorbid social performance in the 6-OPRI but not P102L patients. Cortical thinning distribution correlated with the neuropsychological profile in the 6-OPRI group principally involving the parietal, occipital and posterior frontal regions. The small number of patients in the P102L group precluded statistical comparison between the groups. CONCLUSIONS The 6-OPRI patients had more widespread and severe cognitive dysfunction than the P102L group and this correlated with cortical thinning distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Alner
- National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
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Mead S, Ranopa M, Gopalakrishnan GS, Thompson AGB, Rudge P, Wroe S, Kennedy A, Hudson F, MacKay A, Darbyshire JH, Collinge J, Walker AS. PRION-1 scales analysis supports use of functional outcome measures in prion disease. Neurology 2011; 77:1674-83. [PMID: 22013183 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182364890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human prion diseases are heterogeneous but invariably fatal neurodegenerative disorders with no known effective therapy. PRION-1, the largest clinical trial in prion disease to date, showed no effect of the potential therapeutic quinacrine on survival. Although there are several limitations to the usefulness of survival as an outcome measure, there have been no comprehensive studies of alternatives. METHODS To address this we did comparative analyses of neurocognitive, psychiatric, global, clinician-rated, and functional scales, focusing on validity, variability, and impact on statistical power over 77 person-years follow-up in 101 symptomatic patients in PRION-1. RESULTS Quinacrine had no demonstrable benefit on any of the 8 scales (p > 0.4). All scales had substantial numbers of patients with the worst possible score at enrollment (Glasgow Coma Scale score being least affected) and were impacted by missing data due to disease progression. These effects were more significant for cognitive/psychiatric scales than global, clinician-rated, or functional scales. The Barthel and Clinical Dementia Rating scales were the most valid and powerful in simulated clinical trials of an effective therapeutic. A combination of selected subcomponents from these 2 scales gave somewhat increased power, compared to use of survival, to detect clinically relevant effects in future clinical trials of feasible size. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have implications for the choice of primary outcome measure in prion disease clinical trials. Prion disease presents the unusual opportunity to follow patients with a neurodegenerative disease through their entire clinical course, and this provides insights relevant to designing outcome measures in related conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mead
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, and National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCLH NHS Trust, Queen Square, London, UK
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Stevens JC, Beck J, Lukic A, Ryan N, Abbs S, Collinge J, Fox NC, Mead S. Familial Alzheimer's disease and inherited prion disease in the UK are poorly ascertained. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2011; 82:1054-7. [PMID: 20802216 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2009.199653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To ascertain the frequency and geographical distribution of patients diagnosed with known genetic causes of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and inherited prion disease (IPD) in the UK 2001-2005. By comparison with frequencies predicted from published population studies, to estimate the proportion of patients with these conditions who are being accurately diagnosed. METHODS All the positive diagnostic test results (from both genetic testing centres) were identified for mutations in presenilin-1 (PSEN1), presenilin-2 (PSEN2), amyloid precursor protein (APP) and prion protein genes (PRNP) for patients resident in the UK in a 5 year period. The variation in the incidence of mutation detection between UK regions was assessed with census population data. Published studies of the genetic epidemiology of familial early onset AD (EOAD) were reviewed to produce estimates of the number of patients in the UK that should be detected. RESULTS The rate of detection of EOAD and IPD varied very significantly and consistently between regions of the UK with low rates of detection in Northern and Western Britain (72% less detection in these regions compared with Central and Southeast Britain). The estimates from population studies further suggest a greater number of patients with EOAD than are diagnosed by genetic testing throughout the UK. CONCLUSIONS It is likely that patients with EOAD and IPD are not being recognised and referred for testing. With the prospect of meaningful disease modifying therapeutics for these diseases, this study highlights an issue of relevance to neurologists and those planning for provision of National Health Services.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Stevens
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Carswell C, Khalili-Shirazi A, Brandner S, Martins S, Drynda R, Collinge J, Mead S, Clarke A. PAW35 Anti-prion protein monoclonal antibodies at low doses effectively treat prion disease in mice without side-effects. J Neurol Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Lukic A, Wadsworth J, Brandner S, Rudge P, Hyare H, Collinge J, Reiniger L, Mead S, Gilmore C, Humberstone M. POD01 Misleading MRI in two recent patients with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease emphasises the importance of tissue diagnosis. J Neurol Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Hyare H, Scahill R, Thornton JS, Collinge J, Siddique D, Carswell C, De Vita E, Yousry T, Rudge P, Mead S. PAW23 Voxel-based analysis of magnetisation transfer ratio as a potential biomarker in prion diseases. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rudge P, Fox NC, Cipolotti L, Mead S, Hyare H, Rohrer J, Collinge J. POD03 Distinct neuropsychological profiles correspond to distribution of cortical thinning in inherited prion disease caused by insertional mutation. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Thompson A, Rudge P, Wroe S, Mead S, Darbyshire J, MacKay A, Ranopa M, Collinge J, Gopalakrishnan G, Walker S. POD04 Analysis of eight rating scales supports the use of functional outcome measures in prion disease clinical trials: experience from the PRION-1 trial and the National Prion Monitoring cohort. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Mead S, Linehan J, Beck J, Caine D, Gandhi S, Wadsworth JDF, Joiner S, Gallujipali D, Hyare H, Lees A, Holton J, Sandberg M, Revesz T, Carswell C, Warren JD, Collinge J, Wood N. PATU2 Novel truncation mutation of PRNP causes chronic diarrhoea, sensory neuropathy and autonomic failure associated with prion protein deposition in the cerebral blood vessels and small bowel. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Siddique D, Hyare H, Wroe S, Webb T, Macfarlane R, Rudge P, Collinge J, Powell C, Brandner S, So PW, Walker S, Mead S, Yousry T, Thornton JS. Magnetization transfer ratio may be a surrogate of spongiform change in human prion diseases. Brain 2010; 133:3058-68. [DOI: 10.1093/brain/awq243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Hyare H, Thornton J, Stevens J, Mead S, Rudge P, Collinge J, Yousry TA, Jäger HR. High-b-value diffusion MR imaging and basal nuclei apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in variant and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 31:521-6. [PMID: 20007724 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE DWI using a standard b-value of 1000 s/mm(2) has emerged as the most sensitive sequence for the diagnosis of CJD. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether DWI at a high b-value (b = 3000 s/mm(2)) and ADC measurements in the basal nuclei improve the diagnosis of vCJD and sCJD compared with visual assessment of DWI at a standard b-value (b = 1000 s/mm(2)). MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight patients with vCJD, 9 patients with sCJD, and 5 healthy volunteers underwent DWI at b = 1000 s/mm(2), and 5 vCJD patients, 4 sCJD patients, and 1 growth hormone-related CJD patient underwent DWI at b = 3000 s/mm(2). Two consultant neuroradiologists performed a visual comparison of the b = 1000 and b = 3000 images. Mean MR SI and ADC values were determined for C, P, and DM thalamus ROIs bilaterally at each b-value. SI ratios for each ROI relative to white matter were calculated. RESULTS In 9 out of 10 patients, the higher b-value images were more sensitive to SI change, particularly in cortex and thalamus, with higher SI ratios at b = 3000 in the DM thalamus. For sCJD at b = 1000, we found significantly lower ADC values in the C and P compared with controls (mean C ADC = 587.3 +/- 84.7 mm(2)/s in sCJD patients versus 722.7 +/- 16.6 mm(2)/s in controls; P = .007), and at b = 3000, the differences were more pronounced. In comparison, in vCJD at b = 1000, ADC values were elevated in the Pu (mean Pu ADC = 837.6 +/- 33.0 mm/s(2) in vCJD patients versus 748.0 +/- 17.3 mm/s(2) in controls; P < .001) but failed to reach significance at b = 3000. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that b = 3000 DWI, being more sensitive to slowly diffusing tissue water, is more sensitive to pathology in sCJD than is conventional DWI. High-b-value DWI increases confidence in the radiologic diagnosis of human prion disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Hyare
- National Prion Clinic, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, United Kingdom.
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Rohrer JD, Guerreiro R, Vandrovcova J, Uphill J, Reiman D, Beck J, Isaacs AM, Authier A, Ferrari R, Fox NC, Mackenzie IRA, Warren JD, de Silva R, Holton J, Revesz T, Hardy J, Mead S, Rossor MN. The heritability and genetics of frontotemporal lobar degeneration. Neurology 2009; 73:1451-6. [PMID: 19884572 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0b013e3181bf997a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a genetically and pathologically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder. METHODS We collected blood samples from a cohort of 225 patients with a diagnosis within the FTLD spectrum and examined the heritability of FTLD by giving each patient a family history score, from 1 (a clear autosomal dominant history of FTLD) through to 4 (no family history of dementia). We also looked for mutations in each of the 5 disease-causing genes (MAPT, GRN, VCP, CHMP2B, and TARDP) and the FUS gene, known to cause motor neuron disease. RESULTS A total of 41.8% of patients had some family history (score of 1, 2, 3, or 3.5), although only 10.2% had a clear autosomal dominant history (score of 1). Heritability varied across the different clinical subtypes of FTLD with the behavioral variant being the most heritable and frontotemporal dementia-motor neuron disease and the language syndromes (particularly semantic dementia) the least heritable. Mutations were found in MAPT (8.9% of the cohort) and GRN (8.4%) but not in any of the other genes. Of the remaining patients without mutations but with a strong family history, 7 had pathologic confirmation, falling into 2 groups: type 3 FTLD-TDP without GRN mutations (6) and FTLD-UPS (1). CONCLUSION These findings show that frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a highly heritable disorder but heritability varies between the different syndromes. Furthermore, while MAPT and GRN mutations account for a substantial proportion of familial cases, there are other genes yet to be discovered, particularly in patients with type 3 FTLD-TDP without a GRN mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Rohrer
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
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Rohrer JD, Beck J, Warren JD, King A, Al Sarraj S, Holton J, Revesz T, Collinge J, Mead S. Corticobasal syndrome associated with a novel 1048_1049insG progranulin mutation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:1297-8. [PMID: 19864668 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.169383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Abstract
The common polymorphism at codon 129 of the prion protein gene (PRNP) is known to affect prion disease susceptibility, incubation period and phenotype. Mouse quantitative trait locus (QTL) studies demonstrate multiple modifiers of incubation time unlinked to Prnp, suggesting the existence of homologous human prion disease modifiers, but direct evidence of these has been lacking. We investigated the correlation of age at onset and death, expressed as a composite Z score, between parents and offspring in three large UK inherited prion disease kindreds. Our analysis suggests that overall heritability of the composite phenotype is 0.55 (95% CI 0.35-0.75). This measure may be an underestimate of the total genetic contribution to phenotypic heterogeneity as the analysis does not incorporate the effect of PRNP-linked modifiers. Although the confidence intervals are wide, these data suggest a significant heritable component to phenotypic variability and support attempts to identify human prion disease modifier genes which would be important in understanding the epidemiology of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in populations with significant exposure to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) prions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E F Webb
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
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Foster R, Mead S, Grimshaw K. 499 POSTER The effects of hypoxia on the sensitivity of glioma cells to gemcitabine treatment. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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37
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Beck JA, Campbell TA, Adamson G, Poulter M, Uphill JB, Molou E, Collinge J, Mead S. Association of a null allele of SPRN with variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. J Med Genet 2008; 45:813-7. [PMID: 18805828 PMCID: PMC2590874 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2008.061804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background: No susceptibility genes have been identified in human prion disase, apart from the prion protein gene (PRNP). The gene SPRN, encodes Shadoo (Sho, shadow of prion protein) which has protein homology and possible functional links with the prion protein. Methods: A genetic screen was carried out of the open reading frame of SPRN by direct sequencing in 522 patients with prion disease, including 107 with variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (vCJD), and 861 healthy controls. Results: A common coding variant of SPRN, two further single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and three rare insertion or deletion variants were found. A single base-pair insertion at codon 46, predicted to cause a frameshift and potentially a novel protein, was found in two patients with vCJD but not in controls (p = 0.01). Two linked SNPs, one in intron 1 and the other a missense variant at codon 7, were associated with risk of sporadic CJD (p = 0.009). Conclusion: These data justify the functional genetic characterisation of SPRN and support the involvement of Shadoo in prion pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Beck
- MRC Prion Unit and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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Webb TEF, Poulter M, Beck J, Uphill J, Adamson G, Campbell T, Linehan J, Powell C, Brandner S, Pal S, Siddique D, Wadsworth JD, Joiner S, Alner K, Petersen C, Hampson S, Rhymes C, Treacy C, Storey E, Geschwind MD, Nemeth AH, Wroe S, Collinge J, Mead S. Phenotypic heterogeneity and genetic modification of P102L inherited prion disease in an international series. Brain 2008; 131:2632-46. [PMID: 18757886 PMCID: PMC2570713 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awn202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The largest kindred with inherited prion disease P102L, historically Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, originates from central England, with émigrés now resident in various parts of the English-speaking world. We have collected data from 84 patients in the large UK kindred and numerous small unrelated pedigrees to investigate phenotypic heterogeneity and modifying factors. This collection represents by far the largest series of P102L patients so far reported. Microsatellite and genealogical analyses of eight separate European kindreds support multiple distinct mutational events at a cytosine-phosphate diester-guanidine dinucleotide mutation hot spot. All of the smaller P102L kindreds were linked to polymorphic human prion protein gene codon 129M and were not connected by genealogy or microsatellite haplotype background to the large kindred or each other. While many present with classical Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome, a slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia with later onset cognitive impairment, there is remarkable heterogeneity. A subset of patients present with prominent cognitive and psychiatric features and some have met diagnostic criteria for sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. We show that polymorphic human prion protein gene codon 129 modifies age at onset: the earliest eight clinical onsets were all MM homozygotes and overall age at onset was 7 years earlier for MM compared with MV heterozygotes (P = 0.02). Unexpectedly, apolipoprotein E4 carriers have a delayed age of onset by 10 years (P = 0.02). We found a preponderance of female patients compared with males (54 females versus 30 males, P = 0.01), which probably relates to ascertainment bias. However, these modifiers had no impact on a semi-quantitative pathological phenotype in 10 autopsied patients. These data allow an appreciation of the range of clinical phenotype, modern imaging and molecular investigation and should inform genetic counselling of at-risk individuals, with the identification of two genetic modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E F Webb
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease and MRC Prion Unit, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, Queen Square, London, UK
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Mead S, Webb TEF, Campbell TA, Beck J, Linehan JM, Rutherfoord S, Joiner S, Wadsworth JDF, Heckmann J, Wroe S, Doey L, King A, Collinge J. Inherited prion disease with 5-OPRI: phenotype modification by repeat length and codon 129. Neurology 2007; 69:730-8. [PMID: 17709704 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000267642.41594.9d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human prion diseases have sporadic, acquired and inherited etiologies and show considerable phenotypic heterogeneity. An individual inherited prion disease offers an opportunity to study the determinants of this clinicopathologic heterogeneity among individuals with the same causal mutation. METHODS We report clinical and pathologic data from three families with different 5-octapeptide repeat insertion (5-OPRI) mutations of the prion protein gene (PRNP), extending the reported phenotypic range of this mutation. RESULTS The proband of a South African family presented with a rapidly progressive dementia and atypical pathology associated with kuru-like prion protein plaques. The original mutation in this family probably occurred on a PRNP allele encoding a 1-octapeptide repeat deletion polymorphism. This has not been previously reported as a precursor allele in over 30 other OPRI mutation kindreds. An English family with a genetically distinct mutation but identical protein product showed clinical onsets that varied 30 years between father and daughter, an effect that may be explained by their genotypes at PRNP codon 129. A patient from Northern Ireland with a phenotype of sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease presenting with visual disturbance was unexpectedly found to have a 5-OPRI. CONCLUSIONS When these cases were combined with the existing world literature, the mean age at onset for patients with 5-octapeptide repeat insertion (5-OPRI) was significantly later than that for patients with 6-OPRI, but both mutations exhibit a similar powerful disease modifying effect of PRNP codon 129.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mead
- MRC Prion Unit and Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, UK
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Knight WD, Kennedy J, Mead S, Rossor MN, Beck J, Collinge J, Mummery C. A novel presenilin 1 deletion (p.L166del) associated with early onset familial Alzheimer's disease. Eur J Neurol 2007; 14:829-31. [PMID: 17594345 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1331.2007.01857.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
We report the case of a 40 year-old woman who, at 38 years of age, developed insidious memory loss and, subsequently, progressive dementia satisfying criteria for probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) (NINCDS-ADRDA) [Neurology 1984; 34: 939]. Analysis of the presenilin 1 gene (PSEN1) revealed a 496_498delCTT mutation at codon 166. The amnestic presentation and absence of other features contrasts with the majority of other documented deletions which have been associated with spastic paraparesis. They are, however, consistent with the reported clinical phenotype in the majority of PSEN1 exon 6 mutations so far reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Knight
- Dementia Research Centre, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK.
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Mead S, Prout K, Collinge J. Questionnaire to reduce the risk of iatrogenic prion disease transmission. J Hosp Infect 2005; 60:378-9. [PMID: 15939508 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2005.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2005] [Accepted: 02/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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King A, Doey L, Rossor M, Mead S, Collinge J, Lantos P. Phenotypic variability in the brains of a family with a prion disease characterized by a 144-base pair insertion in the prion protein gene. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2003; 29:98-105. [PMID: 12662318 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2990.2003.00423.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of prion protein (PrP) immunohistochemistry in neuropathology has allowed identification of prion diseases with otherwise atypical histological features. The brains from family members with familial prion diseases can show marked histological variation. A histological and immunohistochemical study was performed on 10 brains of patients with a familial prion disease caused by a 144-base pair (bp) insertion in the prion protein gene. The histology from the cases showed variability in the severity of spongiform change and astrocytosis in both the cerebellum and the cerebrum. There was also variability in the density of microglial cells. The PrP immunohistochemistry revealed that in nine cases there was a similar patch-like deposition of PrP within the molecular layer of the cerebellum. Although in the cerebellum there did seem to be some correlation between the severity of spongiform change, astrocytosis and the density of microglial cells, there was no such correlation between any of these three parameters and the density of PrP staining. There was deposition of beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta-APP) in the cerebellum, suggesting that disrupted axonal transport had a possible role in the evolution of the disease. The cases illustrate the histological variability that can occur in familial prion diseases despite similarity in PrP staining. They also reveal that the relationship between PrP deposition and cerebral or cerebellar damage might be complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- A King
- Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, London, UK.
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Abstract
The ways in which volume standards are implemented by health services organizations are not clear. Therefore, the authors sought to evaluate the extent of use of volume standards, the purposes for which such standards were developed, and the sources of the standards in a sample of health services organizations. The authors found that volume standards were used widely by accrediting organizations, professional societies, and hospitals in their sample, but almost never by health maintenance organizations. Volume standards were used for ensuring adequate experience among residents, providing guidelines to residency programs, and privileging and credentialing physicians. Expert consensus appeared to be the usual source of volume standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Wheeler
- Michigan Health Services Research Initiative, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Beck JA, Mead S, Campbell TA, Dickinson A, Wientjens DP, Croes EA, Van Duijn CM, Collinge J. Two-octapeptide repeat deletion of prion protein associated with rapidly progressive dementia. Neurology 2001; 57:354-6. [PMID: 11468331 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.57.2.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insertions of integral numbers of an octapeptide repeat in the prion protein gene are pathogenic mutations associated with inherited prion diseases. Conversely, deletions of a single octapeptide repeat are found as normal polymorphisms in many populations and do not predispose individuals to prion disease. The authors report a two-octapeptide repeat deletion in an elderly woman with a rapidly progressive dementia consistent with Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. This mutation was absent from more than 3,000 individuals and may be causally related to prion disease and represent a novel disease mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Beck
- MRC Prion Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's, London, UK
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Ghiso J, Vidal R, Rostagno A, Miravalle L, Holton JL, Mead S, Révész T, Plant G, Frangione B. Amyloidogenesis in familial British dementia is associated with a genetic defect on chromosome 13. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2001; 920:84-92. [PMID: 11193180 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06908.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Familial British dementia (FBD) is a disorder characterized by the presence of amyloid deposits in cerebral blood vessels and brain parenchyma coexisting with neurofibrillary tangles in limbic areas. The amyloid subunit (ABri) is a 4 kDa fragment of a 266 amino acid type II single-spanning transmembrane precursor protein encoded by the BRI gene located on chromosome 13. In FBD patients, a single base substitution at the stop codon of this gene generates a larger 277-residue precursor (ABriPP-277). Proteolytic processing by a furin-like enzyme at the C-terminus of the elongated precursor generates the 34 amino acid ABri that undergoes rapid aggregation and fibrillization. ABri is structually unrelated to all known amyloids including A beta, the main component of the amyloid lesions in Alzheimer's disease (AD), indicating that cerebral deposition of amyloid molecules other than A beta can trigger similar neuropathological changes leading to neuronal loss and dementia. These data support the concept that amyloid deposition in the vascular wall and brain parenchyma is of primary importance in the initiation of neurogeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ghiso
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, Room TH-432, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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Abstract
This article offers one theoretical perspective of peer support and attempts to define the elements that, when reinforced through education and training, provide a new cultural context for healing and recovery. Persons labeled with psychiatric disability have become victims of social and cultural ostracism and consequently have developed a sense of self that reinforces the "patient" identity. Enabling members of peer support to understand the nature and impact of these cultural forces leads individuals and peer communities toward a capacity for personal, relational, and social change. It is our hope that consumers from all different types of programs (e.g. drop-in, social clubs, advocacy, support, outreach, respite), traditional providers, and policy makers will find this article helpful in stimulating dialogue about the role of peer programs in the development of a recovery based system.
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Mead S, Beck J, Dickinson A, Fisher EM, Collinge J. Examination of the human prion protein-like gene doppel for genetic susceptibility to sporadic and variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Neurosci Lett 2000; 290:117-20. [PMID: 10936691 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(00)01319-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel human gene named Doppel (DPL) that has homology to the prion protein gene (PRNP) has recently been identified on chromosome 20p. By automated sequencing we have found a common (M174T, 48%) and an uncommon coding polymorphism. The polymorphic frequency of the M174T allele was examined in cases of variant and sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease and compared with the frequency in the normal UK population. In sharp distinction to the M129V polymorphism of PRNP we have not found any evidence of disease association nor is there any association with age of onset, disease duration, or prion protein (PrP(Sc)) strain type.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mead
- MRC Prion Unit and Department of Neurogenetics, Imperial College School of Medicine at St. Mary's, W2 1PG, London, UK
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Abstract
In this article two consumer leaders use their own experiences to explain the meaning and significance of recovery. They emphasize the importance of hope, personal responsibility, education, advocacy, and peer support. They also address controversial issues, such as the nature of the therapeutic relationship, the place of medications in symptom control, and the need for attitudinal changes in mental health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mead
- Stepping Stone Peer Support Center in Claremont, NH 03743, USA
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Mead S, James-Galton M, Revesz T, Doshi RB, Harwood G, Pan EL, Ghiso J, Frangione B, Plant G. Familial British dementia with amyloid angiopathy: early clinical, neuropsychological and imaging findings. Brain 2000; 123 ( Pt 5):975-91. [PMID: 10775542 DOI: 10.1093/brain/123.5.975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial British dementia with amyloid angiopathy (FBD) is an autosomal dominant condition characterized by a dementia, progressive spastic tetraparesis and cerebellar ataxia with onset in the sixth decade. A point mutation in the BRI gene has been shown to be the genetic abnormality. Genealogical work with the large family originally reported by Worster-Drought and updated by Plant has identified nine generations dating back to the late eighteenth century. The pedigree now includes six living affected patients, 35 historical cases, and 52 descendants at risk of having inherited the disease. A common ancestor has been identified between the large pedigree and a case report of 'familial cerebellar ataxia with amyloid angiopathy'. An autopsy case from a separate family with an identical condition is described but no common ancestor with the large pedigree has been found. Case histories have been researched and updated in each pedigree. Eleven individuals at risk of FBD, aged between 44 and 56 years, agreed to undergo a clinical and neuropsychological assessment along with MRI brain imaging in order to clarify early diagnostic features. Five of the eleven were thought to show early clinical signs of the disease. Neurological examination was abnormal in three, with limb and gait ataxia and mild spastic paraparesis. Three had impaired recognition and recall memory and another had mild impairment of delayed visual recall. All affected individuals had an abnormal MRI of the brain, consisting of deep white-matter hyperintensity (T(2)-weighted scans) and lacunar infarcts, but no intracerebral haemorrhage. The corpus callosum was affected particularly, and in one patient it was severely atrophic.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mead
- Department of Clinical Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
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Ghiso J, Vidal R, Rostagno A, Mead S, Révész T, Plant G, Frangione B. A newly formed amyloidogenic fragment due to a stop codon mutation causes familial British dementia. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2000; 903:129-37. [PMID: 10818498 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06359.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Familial British dementia (FBD) is an early-onset autosomal dominant disorder characterized by progressive cognitive impairment, spasticity, and cerebellar ataxia. Hippocampal neurofibrillar degeneration and widespread parenchymal and vascular amyloid deposits are the main neuropathological lesions. Amyloid fibrils are composed of a novel 34 amino acid subunit (ABri) with no sequence identity to any known amyloid molecule. The peptide derives from a larger precursor protein codified by a single gene BRI on chromosome 13. Affected family members have a single base substitution at the stop codon of the BRI gene that generates a longer open-reading frame resulting in a larger precursor protein. The release of the 34 C-terminal amino acids from the mutated precursor originates the ABri amyloid subunit. Our discovery of a new amyloid associated with the development of dementia supports the concept that amyloid peptides may be of primary importance in the initiation of neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ghiso
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, NY 10016, USA.
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