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Schallenburger M, Schwartz J, Batzler YN, Meier S, Küppers R, Tenge T, Doll A, Kremeike K, Wetzchewald D, Neukirchen M. Handling the desire to die- evaluation of an elective course for medical students. BMC Med Educ 2024; 24:279. [PMID: 38494509 PMCID: PMC10946106 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-024-05269-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The desire to die can occur in palliative care patients with a prevalence of up to 22%. Not every desire to die is accompanied by a pressure to act, but usually by a burden that can arise from various factors. To address this burden appropriately, health care workers should be trained. Based on an evaluated course on handling the desire to die, an elective course for medical students was developed and evaluated. In order to identify the impact of the elective course's content, a comparison of attitudes towards assisted dying with two other participant groups was conducted. Therefore, three questions from the evaluation of the elective course were used. METHOD Online evaluation of the elective and questions addressing attitude were assessed using a five-point Likert scale. The specific outcome-based assessment was determined using the Comparative Self-Assessment Gain. The main participant group (group 1) were students who took the elective. The additional survey on attitudes towards assisted dying included undergraduate medical students who had taken compulsory palliative care courses (group 2) and physicians who had taken an introductory course in intensive care or emergency medicine (group 3). RESULTS Group 1 (n = 13, response rate rr = 86.7%) was very satisfied with the blended learning format (100%) and the course itself (100%). They were able to deepen their knowledge (81.0%) and train skills (71.2%) through the course. In the additional surveys, there were 37 students in group 2 (rr = 66.1%) and 258 physicians in group 3 (rr = 73.6%). Willingness to assist with or accompany the various options for assisted dying varied according to the type of assistance. Among the participants, it can be summarised that the highest willingness was shown by the students of group 2 followed by the physicians of group 3 and the students of group 1. CONCLUSIONS A course on handling the desire to die of palliative patients can deepen knowledge and train communication skills and thus support self-confidence. Dealing with the background of the desire to die, knowledge about assisted dying, but also one's own attitudes and responsibilities can influence the attitude towards assisted dying.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Schallenburger
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Centre of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Cologne, Germany
| | - J Schwartz
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Centre of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Cologne, Germany
| | - Yann-Nicolas Batzler
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany.
- Centre of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Cologne, Germany.
| | - St Meier
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - R Küppers
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Th Tenge
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - A Doll
- Centre of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Palliative Medicine, University Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - K Kremeike
- Centre of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Cologne, Germany
- Centre for Palliative Medicine, University Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - D Wetzchewald
- Institute for Emergency Medicine, University Witten/Herdecke, Arnsberg, Germany
| | - M Neukirchen
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Palliative Medicine, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- Centre of Integrated Oncology Aachen Bonn Cologne Duesseldorf (CIO ABCD), Cologne, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Heinrich-Heine-University Duesseldorf, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Jaumdally S, Tomasicchio M, Pooran A, Esmail A, Kotze A, Meier S, Wilson L, Oelofse S, van der Merwe C, Roomaney A, Davids M, Suliman T, Joseph R, Perumal T, Scott A, Shaw M, Preiser W, Williamson C, Goga A, Mayne E, Gray G, Moore P, Sigal A, Limberis J, Metcalfe J, Dheda K. Frequency, kinetics and determinants of viable SARS-CoV-2 in bioaerosols from ambulatory COVID-19 patients infected with the Beta, Delta or Omicron variants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2003. [PMID: 38443359 PMCID: PMC10914788 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45400-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2 aerosol remains contentious. Importantly, whether cough or breath-generated bioaerosols can harbor viable and replicating virus remains largely unclarified. We performed size-fractionated aerosol sampling (Andersen cascade impactor) and evaluated viral culturability in human cell lines (infectiousness), viral genetics, and host immunity in ambulatory participants with COVID-19. Sixty-one percent (27/44) and 50% (22/44) of participants emitted variant-specific culture-positive aerosols <10μm and <5μm, respectively, for up to 9 days after symptom onset. Aerosol culturability is significantly associated with lower neutralizing antibody titers, and suppression of transcriptomic pathways related to innate immunity and the humoral response. A nasopharyngeal Ct <17 rules-in ~40% of aerosol culture-positives and identifies those who are probably highly infectious. A parsimonious three transcript blood-based biosignature is highly predictive of infectious aerosol generation (PPV > 95%). There is considerable heterogeneity in potential infectiousness i.e., only 29% of participants were probably highly infectious (produced culture-positive aerosols <5μm at ~6 days after symptom onset). These data, which comprehensively confirm variant-specific culturable SARS-CoV-2 in aerosol, inform the targeting of transmission-related interventions and public health containment strategies emphasizing improved ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jaumdally
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Tomasicchio
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Pooran
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Esmail
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Kotze
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Meier
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - L Wilson
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S Oelofse
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C van der Merwe
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Roomaney
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Davids
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T Suliman
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - R Joseph
- Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - T Perumal
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Scott
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - M Shaw
- Department of Medical Biosciences, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - W Preiser
- Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Stellenbosch Tygerberg Campus; Medical Virology, National Health Laboratory Service Tygerberg, Parow, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - C Williamson
- Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa
| | - A Goga
- HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Pretoria, South Africa
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - E Mayne
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- National Health Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Gray
- South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - P Moore
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- SA MRC Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A Sigal
- Africa Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Limberis
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Centre, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J Metcalfe
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Centre, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - K Dheda
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Medicine, Centre for Lung Infection and Immunity, University of Cape Town Lung Institute, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Centre for the Study of Antimicrobial Resistance, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Stephen MA, Burke CR, Steele N, Pryce JE, Meier S, Amer PR, Phyn CVC, Garrick DJ. Genome-Wide Association Study of age at puberty and its (co)variances with fertility and stature in growing and lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2023:S0022-0302(23)02009-X. [PMID: 38135043 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Reproductive performance is a key determinant of cow longevity in a pasture-based, seasonal dairy system. Unfortunately, direct fertility phenotypes such as inter-calving interval or pregnancy rate tend to have low heritabilities and occur relatively late in an animal's life. In contrast, age at puberty (AGEP) is a moderately heritable, early-in-life trait, that may be estimated using an animal's age at first measured elevation in blood plasma progesterone (AGEP4) concentrations. Understanding the genetic architecture of AGEP4 in addition to genetic relationships between AGEP4 and fertility traits in lactating cows is important, as is its relationship with body size in the growing animal. Thus, the objectives of this research were 3-fold. First, to estimate the genetic and phenotypic (co)variances between AGEP4 and subsequent fertility during first and second lactations. Second, to quantify the associations between AGEP4 and height, length, and body weight (BW) measured when animals were around 11 mo old (SD = 0.5). Third, to identify genomic regions that are likely to be associated with variation in AGEP4. We measured AGEP4, height, length, and BW in around 5,000 Holstein-Friesian or Holstein-Friesian x Jersey crossbred yearling heifers, across 54 pasture-based herds managed in seasonal calving farm systems. We also obtained calving rate (CR42: success or failure to calve within the first 42 d of the seasonal calving period), breeding rate (PB21: success or failure to be presented for breeding within the first 21 d of the seasonal breeding period) and pregnancy rate (PR42: success or failure to become pregnant within the first 42 d of the seasonal breeding period) phenotypes from their first and second lactations. The animals were genotyped using the Weatherby's Versa 50K SNP array (Illumina, USA). The estimated heritabilities of AGEP4, height, length, and BW were 0.34 (0.30, 0.37), 0.28 (0.25, 0.31), 0.21 (0.18, 0.23), and 0.33 (0.30, 0.36), respectively. In contrast, the heritabilities of CR42, PB21 and PR42 were all < 0.05 in both first and second lactations. The genetic correlations between AGEP4 and these fertility traits were generally moderate ranging from 0.11 to 0.60, whereas genetic correlations between AGEP4 and yearling body conformation traits ranged from 0.02 to 0.28. Our genome wide association study (GWAS) highlighted a genomic window on chromosome 5 that was strongly associated with variation in AGEP4. We also identified 4 regions, located on chromosomes 14, 6, 1 and 11 (in order of decreasing importance), that exhibited suggestive associations with AGEP4. Our results show that AGEP4 is a reasonable predictor of estimated breeding values (EBVs) for fertility traits in lactating cows. While the GWAS provided insights into genetic mechanisms underpinning AGEP4, further work is required to test genomic predictions of fertility that use this information.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Stephen
- DairyNZ Ltd., 605 Ruakura Road, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding - Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand.
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Ltd., 605 Ruakura Road, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - N Steele
- DairyNZ Ltd., 605 Ruakura Road, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - J E Pryce
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Ltd., 605 Ruakura Road, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - P R Amer
- AbacusBio, 442 Moray Place, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - C V C Phyn
- DairyNZ Ltd., 605 Ruakura Road, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - D J Garrick
- AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding - Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
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4
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Blachutzik F, Meier S, Weissner M, Schlattner S, Gori T, Ullrich H, Gaede L, Achenbach S, Möllmann H, Chitic B, Aksoy A, Nickenig G, Weferling M, Pons-Kühnemann J, Dörr O, Boeder N, Bayer M, Elsässer A, Hamm CW, Nef H. Coronary intravascular lithotripsy and rotational atherectomy for severely calcified stenosis: Results from the ROTA.shock trial. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2023; 102:823-833. [PMID: 37668088 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severely calcified coronary lesions present a particular challenge for percutaneous coronary intervention. AIMS The aim of this randomized study was to determine whether coronary intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) is non-inferior to rotational atherectomy (RA) regarding minimal stent area (MSA). METHODS The randomized, prospective non-inferiority ROTA.shock trial enrolled 70 patients between July 2019 and November 2021. Patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to undergo either IVL or RA before percutaneous coronary intervention of severely calcified coronary lesions. Optical coherence tomography was performed at the end of the procedure for primary endpoint analysis. RESULTS The primary endpoint MSA was lower but non-inferior after IVL (mean: 6.10 mm2 , 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 5.32-6.87 mm2 ) versus RA (6.60 mm2 , 95% CI: 5.66-7.54 mm2 ; difference in MSA: -0.50 mm2 , 95% CI: -1.52-0.52 mm2 ; non-inferiority margin: -1.60 mm2 ). Stent expansion was similar (RA: 0.83 ± 0.10 vs. IVL: 0.82 ± 0.11; p = 0.79). There were no significant differences regarding contrast media consumption (RA: 183.1 ± 68.8 vs. IVL: 163.3 ± 55.0 mL; p = 0.47), radiation dose (RA: 7269 ± 11288 vs. IVL: 5010 ± 4140 cGy cm2 ; p = 0.68), and procedure time (RA: 79.5 ± 34.5 vs. IVL: 66.0 ± 19.4 min; p = 0.18). CONCLUSION IVL is non-inferior regarding MSA and results in a similar stent expansion in a random comparison with RA. Procedure time, contrast volume, and dose-area product do not differ significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Blachutzik
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - S Meier
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Weissner
- Kerckhoff-Klinik, Kardiologie, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - S Schlattner
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - T Gori
- Kardiologie 1, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - H Ullrich
- Kardiologie 1, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - L Gaede
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Achenbach
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - H Möllmann
- St. Johannes-Hospital, Innere Medizin 1, Dortmund, Germany
| | - B Chitic
- St. Johannes-Hospital, Innere Medizin 1, Dortmund, Germany
| | - A Aksoy
- Medizinische Klinik 2, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - G Nickenig
- Medizinische Klinik 2, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Weferling
- Kerckhoff-Klinik, Kardiologie, Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - J Pons-Kühnemann
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - O Dörr
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main Partner Site, Germany
| | - N Boeder
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - M Bayer
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - A Elsässer
- Klinik für Innere Medizin - Kardiologie, Universitätsklinikum Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - C W Hamm
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Kerckhoff-Klinik, Kardiologie, Bad Nauheim, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main Partner Site, Germany
| | - H Nef
- Medizinische Klinik 1, Justus Liebig Universität Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Rhine-Main Partner Site, Germany
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5
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Stephen MA, Burke CR, Steele N, Pryce JE, Meier S, Amer PR, Phyn CVC, Garrick DJ. Genome-wide association study of anogenital distance and its (co)variances with fertility in growing and lactating Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7846-7860. [PMID: 37641287 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Anogenital distance (AGD) is a moderately heritable trait that can be measured at a young age that may provide an opportunity to indirectly select for improved fertility in dairy cattle. In this study, we characterized AGD and its genetic and phenotypic relationships with a range of body stature and fertility traits. We measured AGD, shoulder height, body length, and body weight in a population of 5,010 Holstein-Friesian and Holstein-Friesian × Jersey crossbred heifers at approximately 11 mo of age (AGD1). These animals were born in 2018 across 54 seasonal calving, pasture-based dairy herds. A second measure of AGD was collected in a subset of herds (n = 17; 1,956 animals) when the animals averaged 29 mo of age (AGD2). Fertility measures included age at puberty (AGEP), then time of calving, breeding, and pregnancy during the first and second lactations. We constructed binary traits reflecting the animal's ability to calve during the first 42 d of their herd's seasonal calving period (CR42), be presented for breeding during the first 21 d of the seasonal breeding period (PB21) and become pregnant during the first 42 d of the seasonal breeding period (PR42). The posterior mean of sampled heritabilities for AGD1 was 0.23, with 90% of samples falling within a credibility interval (90% CRI) of 0.20 to 0.26, whereas the heritability of AGD2 was 0.29 (90% CRI 0.24 to 0.34). The relationship between AGD1 and AGD2 was highly positive, with a genetic correlation of 0.89 (90% CRI 0.82 to 0.94). Using a GWAS analysis of 2,460 genomic windows based on 50k genotype data, we detected a region on chromosome 20 that was highly associated with variation in AGD1, and a second region on chromosome 13 that was moderately associated with variation in AGD1. We did not detect any genomic regions associated with AGD2 which was measured in fewer animals. The genetic correlation between AGD1 and AGEP was 0.10 (90% CRI 0.00 to 0.19), whereas the genetic correlation between AGD2 and AGEP was 0.30 (90% CRI 0.15 to 0.44). The timing of calving, breeding, and pregnancy (CR42, PB21, and PR42) during first or second lactations exhibited moderate genetic relationships with AGD1 (0.19 to 0.52) and AGD2 (0.46 to 0.63). Genetic correlations between AGD and body stature traits were weak (≤0.16). We conclude that AGD is a moderately heritable trait, which may have value as an early-in-life genetic predictor for reproductive success during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Stephen
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding-Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand.
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - N Steele
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - J E Pryce
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia; School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | | | - C V C Phyn
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - D J Garrick
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding-Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
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Cosman T, Finless A, Rideout AL, Lingley-Pottie P, Palmer LD, Shugar A, McDonald-McGinn DM, Swillen A, McGrath PJ, Bassett AS, Cytrynbaum C, Orr M, Meier S. An online survey to understand the needs of caregivers of family members with 22q11 deletion syndrome. J Intellect Disabil Res 2023; 67:860-868. [PMID: 37449408 DOI: 10.1111/jir.13061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most individuals with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11DS) have multi-system and lifelong needs requiring substantial support. Their primary caregivers are usually family members who dedicate lifelong time and effort to their role. The pressures of their roles can negatively impact caregivers' psychosocial well-being, suggesting a need for additional support for this community who currently have no specialised interventions available. METHOD This online study surveyed 103 caregivers of family members with 22q11DS to determine the barriers to accessing support that they faced, the kind of support they would value and whether an online intervention could meet their needs. RESULTS The caregivers indicated that a brief online intervention focused on teaching practical skills and connecting them with a peer network of support would be most valuable. CONCLUSIONS Future studies are planned that will build on these results by designing and testing online interventions tailored to this community.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Cosman
- Department of Psychology/Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - A Finless
- Department of Psychology/Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - A L Rideout
- Maritime Medical Genetics Service, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - P Lingley-Pottie
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - L D Palmer
- Dalgish Family 22q Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Clinical Genetics Research Program, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Shugar
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and the Department of Genetic Counselling, the Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Molecular Genetics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - D M McDonald-McGinn
- Division of Human Genetics, 22q and You Center, Clinical Genetics Center, and Section of Genetic Counselling, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Swillen
- Center for Human Genetics, UZ Leuven, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - P J McGrath
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Specific Care Clinics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - A S Bassett
- Dalgish Family 22q Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network, Clinical Genetics Research Program, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Division of Cardiology Department of Medicine, and Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, University Health Network; Clinical Genetics Research Program and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - C Cytrynbaum
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics and the Department of Genetic Counselling, the Hospital for Sick Children, Department of Molecular Genetics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - S Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Specific Care Clinics, IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Steele NM, Stephen MA, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Hendriks SJ, Meier S, Phyn C, Burke CR. Animal- and herd-level factors associated with onset of puberty in grazing dairy heifers. N Z Vet J 2023; 71:213-225. [PMID: 37431287 DOI: 10.1080/00480169.2023.2224763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore animal- and herd-level risk factors influencing age at puberty in predominantly Holstein-Friesian dairy heifers managed in seasonal, pasture-based systems. METHODS Heifers born in spring 2018 (n = 5,010) from 54 commercial dairy herds in New Zealand were visited on three occasions when the mean heifer age, within herd, was 10 (visit 1; V1), 11 (V2) and 12 (V3) months old. Blood samples were collected on each visit and liveweight, stature and anogenital distance (AGD) were measured at V2. Heifers were defined as having reached puberty at the first visit where blood progesterone was elevated (≥ 1 ng/mL). Animal-level response variables included pubertal status by V1, V2 and V3, and age at puberty (or age at V3 plus 31 days for those that had not attained puberty by V3). To explore herd-level management factors, farmers answered a questionnaire relating to animal location, land type, health, feeding, and management between weaning and mating. A partial least squares regression was undertaken to identify herd-level factors associated with the greatest influence on puberty rate within herd. RESULTS The mean age at puberty was 352 (SD 34.9) days. Heavier animals at a greater proportion of expected mature liveweight based on their breeding value for liveweight, or animals with a higher breed proportion of Jersey and lower breed proportion of Holstein, were associated with earlier puberty. Herd puberty rates varied widely among enrolled herds, and averaged 20%, 39% and 56% by V1, V2 and V3, respectively. Liveweight, followed by breed and land type, had the greatest influence on the herd puberty rate. Heifer herds with a greater mean liveweight (absolute and proportion of expected mature weight) or greater Jersey proportion had more animals that reached puberty at any visit, whereas herds located on steep land or with greater Holstein breed proportions had lower puberty rates. Management-related factors such as vaccinations, provision of feed supplements, and weighing frequency were also herd-level risk factors of puberty but had less influence. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study highlights the importance of having well-grown heifers for increasing the chances of earlier puberty onset and the effect of breed and youngstock management to achieve growth targets. These outcomes have important implications for the optimal management of heifers to achieve puberty before their maiden breeding and for the timing of measurements to potentially incorporate a puberty trait in genetic evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M A Stephen
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand
- AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding, Massey University, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | | | - S J Hendriks
- School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Cvc Phyn
- DairyNZ Ltd., Hamilton, New Zealand
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Berg DK, Ledgard A, Donnison M, McDonald R, Henderson HV, Meier S, Juengel JL, Burke CR. The first week following insemination is the period of major pregnancy failure in pasture-grazed dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:9253-9270. [PMID: 36153157 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A 60% pregnancy success for inseminations is targeted to optimize production efficiency for dairy cows within a seasonal, pasture-grazed system. Routine measures of pregnancy success are widely available but are limited, in practice, to a gestation stage beyond the first 28 d. Although some historical data exist on embryonic mortality before this stage, productivity of dairy systems and genetics of the cows have advanced significantly in recent decades. Accordingly, the aim was to construct an updated estimate of pregnancy success at key developmental stages during the first 70 d after insemination. Blood samples were collected for progesterone concentrations on d 0 and 7. A temporal series of 4 groups spanning fertilization through d 70 were conducted on 4 seasonal, pasture-grazed dairy farms (n = 1,467 cows) during the first 21 d of the seasonal breeding period. Morphological examination was undertaken on embryos collected on d 7 (group E7) and 15 (group E15), and pregnancy was diagnosed via ultrasonography on approximately d 28 and 35 (group E35) as well as d 70 (group E70). Fertilization, embryo, and fetal evaluation for viability established a pregnancy success pattern. Additionally, cow and on-farm risk factor variables associated with pregnancy success were evaluated. We estimated pregnancy success rates of 70.9%, 59.1%, 63.8%, 62.3%, and 56.7% at d 7, 15, 28, 35, and 70, respectively. Fertilization failure (15.8%) and embryonic arrest before the morula stage (10.3%) were the major developmental events contributing to first-week pregnancy failures. Embryo elongation failure of 7% contributed to pregnancy failure during the second week. The risk factors for pregnancy success that were related to the cows included interval between calving and insemination, and d-7 plasma progesterone concentrations, whereas insemination sire was associated with pregnancy outcome. Most pregnancy failure occurs during the first week among seasonal-calving pasture-grazed dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Berg
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Agricultural Centre, 10 Bisley Rd., Hamilton 3214, New Zealand.
| | - A Ledgard
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Agricultural Centre, 10 Bisley Rd., Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - M Donnison
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Agricultural Centre, 10 Bisley Rd., Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - R McDonald
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Agricultural Centre, 10 Bisley Rd., Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - H V Henderson
- AgResearch Ltd., Ruakura Agricultural Centre, 10 Bisley Rd., Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - J L Juengel
- AgResearch Ltd., Invermay, Puddle Alley Rd., Mosgiel 9092, New Zealand
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand
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9
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Stephen M, Meier S, Price M, Pryce J, Burke C, Phyn C, Garrick D. Variance parameter estimation for age at puberty phenotypes under 2 levels of phenotype censorship. JDS Communications 2022; 3:339-342. [PMID: 36340907 PMCID: PMC9623683 DOI: 10.3168/jdsc.2022-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Age at puberty is moderately heritable in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian cattle. The estimated heritability of AGEP is robust to phenotype censorship. The AGEP estimated breeding values for animals in this population are robust to phenotype censorship.
Age at puberty (AGEP) is a moderately heritable trait in cattle that may be predictive of an animal's genetic merit for reproductive success later in life. In addition, under some mating strategies (for example, where mating begins before all animals have attained puberty) animals that attain puberty at a relatively young age will also likely conceive earlier than their herd mates, and thus begin their productive life earlier. Unfortunately, AGEP is challenging to measure because animals must be observed over a period of several months. Our objectives for this study were twofold. The first objective was to produce variance components for AGEP. The second objective was to investigate the implications of a simplified phenotyping strategy for AGEP, when the interval between repeated blood plasma progesterone measures was extended from weekly to monthly, increasing the extent of left, interval, and right censoring. We measured AGEP in a closely monitored population of around 500 Holstein-Friesian heifers, born in 2015 and managed under a seasonal, pasture-based dairy system. Animals were blood tested weekly from approximately 240 to 440 d of age and were deemed to have reached puberty when blood plasma progesterone elevation (>1 ng/mL) was detected in 2 of 3 consecutive blood tests (AGEP_Weekly). To simulate a simplified phenotyping strategy based on monthly herd visits (AGEP_Monthly), we selectively disregarded data from all but 3 blood test events, when animals were around 300, 330, and 360 d of age (standard deviation = 14.5 d). The posterior mean of estimated heritabilities for AGEP_Weekly was 0.54, with a 90% credibility interval (90% CRI) of 0.41 to 0.66, whereas it was 0.44 (90% CRI 0.32 to 0.57) for AGEP_Monthly. The correlation between EBVs for AGEP_Weekly and AGEP_Monthly was 0.87 (90% CRI, 0.84 to 0.89). We conclude that in this population, AGEP is a moderately heritable trait. Further, increasing phenotype censorship from weekly to monthly observations would not have altered the main conclusions of this analysis. Our results support the strategic use of censoring to reduce costs and animal ethics considerations associated with collection of puberty phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. Stephen
- DairyNZ Ltd., 605 Ruakura Road, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
- AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding, Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
- Corresponding author
| | - S. Meier
- DairyNZ Ltd., 605 Ruakura Road, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - M.D. Price
- DairyNZ Ltd., 605 Ruakura Road, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - J.E. Pryce
- Agriculture Victoria Research, AgriBio, Centre for AgriBioscience, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
- School of Applied Systems Biology, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
| | - C.R. Burke
- DairyNZ Ltd., 605 Ruakura Road, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - C.V.C. Phyn
- DairyNZ Ltd., 605 Ruakura Road, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - D.J. Garrick
- AL Rae Centre for Genetics and Breeding, Massey University, Ruakura, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
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Grala T, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Crookenden M, Walker C, Roche J, Price M, Burke C, Meier S. Adaptive immune response ranking is associated with reproductive phenotypes in grazing dairy cows divergent in genetic merit for fertility traits. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:5519-5533. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vollroth M, Misfeld M, Meier S, Krögh G, Schumacher K, Wagner R, Dähnert I, Borger MA, Kostelka M. Die Ross-Operation bei Kindern: Aspekte der chirurgischen Technik. Z Herz- Thorax- Gefäßchir 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-022-00495-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Juengel J, Mosaad E, Mitchell M, Phyn C, French M, Meenken E, Burke C, Meier S. Relationships between prostaglandin concentrations, SNP in HSD17B12, and reproductive performance in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:4643-4652. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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13
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Flay H, Reed C, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Phyn C, Burke C, Meier S, Clarke I. Response to kisspeptin and GnRH agonist administration in Holstein-Friesian dairy heifers with positive or negative genetic merit for fertility traits. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3601-3614. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Reed CB, Meier S, Murray LA, Burke CR, Pitman JL. The microenvironment of ovarian follicles in fertile dairy cows is associated with high oocyte quality. Theriogenology 2022; 177:195-205. [PMID: 34757242 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2021.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We hypothesised that heifers and cows with positive genetic merit for fertility would have a follicular microenvironment that resulted in better quality oocytes. To test this, we compared cumulus cell-oocyte complexes (COC) and follicular fluid from preovulatory follicles of 36 Holstein-Friesian nulliparous heifers and 50 primiparous lactating cows with either positive (POS, +5%) or negative (NEG, -5%) fertility breeding values (FertBV). Established gene markers of oocyte quality were measured in individual cumulus cell masses and oocytes, and concentrations of amino acids, steroids, and metabolites were quantified in corresponding follicular fluid and plasma. The timing of visually detectable oestrus in NEG FertBV heifers was inconsistent with their stage of COC maturation. Retrospective analyses of oestrous activity data indicated that NEG FertBV heifers were sampled earlier. Their recovered COC were morphologically less mature and exhibited differential expression of genes that are associated with follicular maturation (lower levels of BMPR2) and protein processing (higher levels of HSP90B1). Despite consistent sampling times being achieved in the lactating cows, lower concentrations of serine, proline, methionine, isoleucine, and non-esterified fatty acids were present in follicular fluid from POS FertBV cows. This was associated with higher expression of gene biomarkers of good oocyte quality (VCAN, PDE8A) in COC recovered from POS FertBV cows. This study supports our hypothesis that the follicular microenvironment in lactating dairy cows with high genetic merit leads to COC with higher metabolic rates and oocytes of superior quality. Moreover, an additional stressor such as lactation is required for this difference to be pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Reed
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag, 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand.
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag, 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - L A Murray
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag, 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - J L Pitman
- School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, 6140, New Zealand
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15
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Grala TM, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Roche JR, Jordan OM, Phyn CVC, Burke CR, Meier S. Changes in plasma electrolytes, minerals, and hepatic markers of health across the transition period in dairy cows divergent in genetic merit for fertility traits and postpartum anovulatory intervals. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1754-1767. [PMID: 34799104 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Peripartum metabolism and subsequent reproductive performance of dairy cows are linked, with maladaptation over the transition period associated with poor reproductive success. A herd of seasonal calving, grazing dairy cows was established that differed in their genetic merit for fertility traits. The heifers were produced by a customized mating program to achieve a 10-percentage point divergence in the New Zealand fertility breeding value (FertBV) as follows: +5 FertBV (POS) versus -5% FertBV (NEG), while also limiting divergence in other breeding values, including body weight, body condition score, and milk production. In this study, we aimed to characterize differences in metabolic, mineral, and metabolic stress marker profiles during their first postpartum transition period as primiparous heifers and to examine if animals with longer postpartum anestrous intervals (PPAI; more than 66 d compared with less than 35 d) had greater metabolic dysfunction. Blood was sampled at -21, -14, -7, 0, 4, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 28, and 35 d relative to calving in 455 primiparous cows and plasma analyzed. The NEG cows had lower concentrations of both plasma nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate at d 7 compared with POS cows. Detailed temporal profiling of various metabolic, mineral, and metabolic stress markers was undertaken in a subset of cows (n = 70). Cows were selected retrospectively to create 4 groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design with either a POS or NEG FertBV and either a short (19-35 d) or long (66-131 d) PPAI. The NEG cows tended, on average, to have lower nonesterified fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations compared with POS cows across the transition period. Mean body weight and body condition score was greatest in NEG cows when compared with the POS cows and an interaction with day demonstrated this only occurred precalving. They also had indications of improved liver health precalving, with higher albumin-to-globulin ratios and lower bilirubin concentrations. Concentrations of aspartate aminotransferase were lower, and the Na-to-Cl ratio was greater in cows with a long versus a short PPAI at d 28 and d 35 after calving, potentially because of cows with a short PPAI (19-35 d) returning to estrous during this time. Magnesium concentrations were lower in NEG cows with a short PPAI from d 21 onwards, indicating NEG cows may metabolically respond to estrous differently than POS cows. The NEG-long PPAI cows had greater gamma-glutamyl transferase concentrations from calving until d 28 and lower bilirubin concentrations throughout the transition period. Together, the results demonstrate significant effects of FertBV on peripartum metabolic status. However, most of the markers tested returned to reference intervals within 4 d after calving or remained within those intervals for the whole transition period, indicating relatively minor biological effects of FertBV on transition period adaptation. The profound differences in reproductive performance among the groups was not explained by underlying differences in metabolic responses during the transition period.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Grala
- DairyNZ Limited, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | | | - J R Roche
- DairyNZ Limited, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - O M Jordan
- DairyNZ Limited, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - C V C Phyn
- DairyNZ Limited, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Limited, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Limited, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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16
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Reed CB, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Burke CR, Meier S. Estrous activity in lactating cows with divergent genetic merit for fertility traits. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:1674-1686. [PMID: 34799112 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This observational study aimed to determine the effect of genetic merit for fertility traits on estrous expression and estrous cycle duration in grazing dairy cows, as measured by an activity monitoring device. A secondary aim was to describe changes in expression of estrus that occur during successive estrous cycles postpartum. Neck-mounted, activity-monitoring devices (Heatime, SCR Engineers Ltd.) were fitted to nulliparous Holstein-Friesian heifers with positive (POS FertBV) or negative genetic merit for fertility traits (NEG FertBV) to capture activity data during their first and second lactations (POS FertBV: n = 242, n = 188; NEG FertBV: n = 159, n = 87 in lactation 1 and 2, respectively). An estrous event was identified when the activity change index exceeded 26 activity units (AU) for 4 h. A total of 1,254 and 892 estrous events were identified in lactation 1 and 2, respectively. Estrous duration was defined as the interval between when the threshold was first exceeded and when activity dropped below the threshold, with no new event starting within 24 h of the end of the previous event. This definition of estrus included cows in which activity crossed the threshold multiple times in a day and were classified as a single estrous event. A second measure, high activity duration, was defined as the total hours that activity exceeded the threshold. To characterize estrous activity, peak activity (above baseline) and total activity (area under the curve of activity above baseline) were measured. Compared with NEG FertBV cows, POS FertBV cows had more active, longer estrous events. In lactation 1, the POS FertBV group had a mean estrous duration and a high activity duration of 12.5 and 12.4 h compared with 11.4 and 11.3 h for the NEG FertBV group [standard error of the difference (SED) = 0.5 and 0.4 h, respectively]. This significant difference also occurred in lactation 2, with a mean estrous duration of 13.1 versus 11.8 h (SED = 0.5 h) and a high activity duration of 13.0 versus 11.8 h (SED = 0.4 h) in the POS and NEG FertBV groups, respectively. Total activity and peak activity were greater in the POS compared with the NEG FertBV group in lactation 1 (peak activity: 65.5 vs. 55.8 AU, SED = 2.4 AU; total activity: 588 vs. 494 AU, SED = 25 AU) and lactation 2 (peak activity: 72.5 vs. 61.2 AU, SED = 2.9 AU; total activity: 648 vs. 541 AU, SED = 30 AU). Estrous cycle duration did not differ between the POS and NEG FertBV groups (lactation 1: 20.4 vs. 20.6 d, SED = 0.25; lactation 2: 20.8 vs. 21.0 d, SED = 0.28). Less estrous activity of the cow was associated with the first postpartum estrus. In contrast, the number of previous estrous events did not consistently affect the duration of the subsequent estrous cycle. The outcomes of this study provide evidence that positive genetic merit for fertility traits is associated with more overt estrous expression. Selection for these traits may improve estrous expression and thus estrous detection in commercial herds.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Reed
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand.
| | | | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Ltd., Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240, New Zealand
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Grala TM, Price MD, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Burke CR, Meier S. Investigating anogenital distance and antral follicle count as novel markers of fertility within a herd of cows with positive or negative genetic merit for fertility traits. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:12939-12952. [PMID: 34593228 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Using early-in-life markers of reproductive characteristics may enhance the speed and success of genetic improvement in fertility. We investigated 2 phenotypes that can be measured early in life and are moderately heritable to determine their association with traditional measures of reproductive success and genetic variation under a seasonal-calving, pasture-based system. Cows were bred to be divergent in the New Zealand Fertility Breeding Value, which estimates genetic merit for fertility. Cows consisted of 2 groups with an average positive (+5%) or negative (-5%) genetic merit for fertility traits and were expected to have large diversity in reproductive outcomes. Calves were genotyped at 41 ± 3.1 d of age (mean ± SD; n = 538), and antral follicle counts (AFC) were measured when they were postpubertal heifers before their first breeding (416 ± 15 d old; 92-d range; n = 520). The anogenital distance (AGD) was measured in 478 primiparous cows of this same population 50 to 60 d after the breeding start date when they were 881 ± 25 d old (145-d range). The AGD was shorter in animals with a positive genetic merit for fertility traits (based on parent averages). An indicator of herd reproductive success in a seasonal-calving system (recalving by 6 wk in lactation 2) was chosen for logistic regression with cross-validation, and if significant, a cut-off was calculated that categorized animals into groups. Both linear and quadratic regression was undertaken, and the model with the greatest sensitivity for detection of nonpregnant cows used. The AGD linear model was significant with a sensitivity of 64% and a specificity of 48%. This model resulted in a cut-off of 102 mm, which we used to classify cows as short (≤102 mm) or long (>102 mm) AGD animals. Primiparous cows with a short AGD were more likely to be pregnant within the first 3 and 6 wk of mating, and become pregnant as a primiparous cow, than those with a long AGD. The time from calving to conception was 20 d earlier in short AGD compared with long-AGD cows. None of the models tested for AFC were significant; therefore cows were categorized into 3 groups based on previous work in seasonal systems. However, associations between fertility phenotypes and AFC group were limited. Genomic regions of interest for AGD and AFC did not overlap, indicating phenotypes were genetically independent. Overall, AGD appears as a promising early marker of fertility in seasonal grazing systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Grala
- DairyNZ Ltd., Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Rds, Newstead, Hamilton 3201, New Zealand.
| | - M D Price
- DairyNZ Ltd., Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Rds, Newstead, Hamilton 3201, New Zealand
| | - B Kuhn-Sherlock
- DairyNZ Ltd., Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Rds, Newstead, Hamilton 3201, New Zealand
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Ltd., Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Rds, Newstead, Hamilton 3201, New Zealand
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Ltd., Cnr Ruakura and Morrinsville Rds, Newstead, Hamilton 3201, New Zealand
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18
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Meier S, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Amer PA, Roche JR, Burke CR. Positive genetic merit for fertility traits is associated with superior reproductive performance in pasture-based dairy cows with seasonal calving. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:10382-10398. [PMID: 34176625 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
New Zealand's Fertility Breeding Value (FertBV) is reported as the percentage of a sire's daughters that calve in the first 42 d of the seasonal calving period and is an estimate of genetic merit for fertility for dairy cattle. Reproductive physiology, milk production, and changes in body weight and body condition score of 2 groups of cows divergent in FertBV (+5.0%: POS; -5.1%: NEG) were characterized during their first 2 lactations. Cows grazed fresh pasture and were managed in a seasonal calving system; they were bred by artificial insemination on observed estrus for the entire breeding period (98 d in lactation 1 and 76 d in lactation 2). During lactation 1, all animals were primiparous and were randomly allocated to 1 of 2 herds, ensuring each herd was balanced for FertBV and expected calving date. During lactation 2, cows that became pregnant during lactation 1 were managed as 1 herd. Cows not inseminated in the first 42 d of the breeding season were examined for the presence of a corpus luteum and treated with an anestrus program. On average, the interval from calving to ovulation was 19 d longer in lactation 1 and 10 d longer in lactation 2 for NEG FertBV cows. The percent of cows submitted for artificial insemination after 21 d (i.e., submission rate) was 38 and 25 percentage points greater in the POS FertBV cows during lactations 1 and 2, respectively. Pregnancy rate from 42 d of breeding was 33 and 30 percentage points greater, respectively. There was no effect of FertBV on vaginal discharge score postcalving; however, POS FertBV cows had a 50% lower risk of having subclinical endometritis (polymorphonuclear leukocytes >7%) 42 d postcalving. Interactions between FertBV and month relative to calving identified that NEG FertBV cows were fatter (greater body condition score) in the month before calving, but thinner between 3 and 5 mo postcalving. There was no effect of FertBV on lactation length, estimated 270-d milk yields, or daily milk, fat, or protein yields, and only small effects on milk fat and protein percentage across the lactations. In summary, the POS FertBV cows had superior uterine health, a shorter calving to ovulation interval, a greater submission rate, and a greater pregnancy rate earlier in the breeding season when compared with the NEG FertBV cohort. Based on these results, these may be useful phenotypes to include in genetic selection indices.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meier
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - B Kuhn-Sherlock
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - P A Amer
- AbacusBio Limited, 442 Moray Place, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - J R Roche
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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Tenge T, Schlieper D, Schallenburger M, Meier S, Schwartz J, Neukirchen M. [Palliative care in patients with left ventricular assist devices: systematic review]. Anaesthesist 2021; 70:1044-1050. [PMID: 33931802 PMCID: PMC8639546 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-021-00967-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Bei terminal herzinsuffizienten Patienten gewinnt die Implantation von Linksherzunterstützungssystemen (LVAD) als Therapieoption zunehmend an Bedeutung. Diese Systeme werden als Überbrückung bis zu einer Herztransplantation (BTT) oder als definitive Therapie (DT) eingesetzt. Sie können die Lebensqualität verbessern und die Lebenszeit verlängern. Trotzdem bleibt die Prognose besonders bei DT oder bei Wechsel von BTT zu DT mit Blick auf die Lebenszeit und auftretende Komplikationen ungünstig. Bisher ist ungeklärt, ob eine LVAD-Implantation eine Indikation für eine frühzeitige Integration von Palliativmedizin darstellt. Ziel der Arbeit Erfassung der aktuellen Studienlage über den Einfluss einer palliativmedizinischen Behandlung bei LVAD-Patienten. Material und Methoden Im Mai 2020 wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche in 6 verschiedenen Datenbanken durchgeführt. Ergebnisse Von den 491 Treffern der Literaturrecherche wurden 21 Arbeiten in diese Übersichtsarbeit eingeschlossen. Durch die frühzeitige Integration der Palliativmedizin vor LVAD-Implantation erhöhte sich die Anzahl der Patienten mit vorausschauender Versorgungsplanung und Vorsorgeinstrumenten. Außerdem zeigte sich ein positiver Einfluss auf das familiäre Umfeld, das Symptommanagement und die Umstände des Versterbens. Es gibt verschiedene Formate für die Integration palliativmedizinischer Konzepte in die LVAD-Therapie. Diskussion Die frühzeitige und kontinuierliche Einbindung der Palliativmedizin im Verlauf einer LVAD-Therapie kann die Behandlungsqualität verbessern. Die Ausarbeitung von spezifischen Handlungsempfehlungen ist in Abhängigkeit vom Therapieziel (BTT oder DT) sinnvoll. Empfohlen werden Schulungen für Palliativmediziner und LVAD-Spezialisten.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Tenge
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - D Schlieper
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - M Schallenburger
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - S Meier
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - J Schwartz
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - M Neukirchen
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.,Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Medizinische Fakultät, Heinrich-Heine-Universität, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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20
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Stewart S, King F, Rodriguez L, Meier S, Sherry S, Abbass A, Deacon H, Nogueira-Arjona R, Hagen A. The effects of excessive and compulsive online searching of COVID-19 information (“cyberchondria”) on general and COVID-19-specific anxiety and fear in romantic couples during lockdown. Eur Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC9471794 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cyberchondria involves excessive and uncontrollable online searching of information about a perceived illness. This behavior can cause or maintain distress. Objectives Little is known about cyberchondria during the COVID-19 pandemic or how cyberchondria in one individual may cause distress in their significant other if they are self-isolating together; our study sought to fill these gaps. Methods We conducted a Qualtrics Panel survey with 760 cohabitating Canadian couples; in June 2020, participants retrospectively reported on their cyberchondria behavior, general anxiety, and COVID-19 fears during the month of April 2020, while adhering to stay-at-home advisories. Two separate actor-partner interdependence models (APIMs) used cyberchondria excessiveness and compulsion to predict generalized anxiety and COVID-19 danger/contamination fears in the actor and partner. Results Both cyberchondria excessiveness and compulsion were associated with higher general anxiety and higher COVID-19 danger/contamination fears in the individual (actor effects). Partner cyberchondria compulsion was associated with higher general anxiety in the individual whereas partner cyberchondria excessiveness was associated with higher COVID-19 danger/contamination fears in the individual (partner effects). Conclusions Findings suggest that excessive and uncontrollable searching of information about COVID-19 on the internet during lockdown may contribute to distress in both the individual engaging in the cyberchondria behavior, and in their romantic partner. Moreover, different aspects of cyberchondria in the partner (compulsion vs. excessiveness) appears to contribute to general vs. COVID-19-specific anxiety/fears in the partner, respectively. Future research should examine mechanisms underlying the observed partner effects (e.g., co-rumination, social contagion) and reasons for the differential partner effects of cyberchondria components.
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21
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Mehrabi P, Bücker R, Bourenkov G, Ginn HM, von Stetten D, Müller-Werkmeister HM, Kuo A, Morizumi T, Eger BT, Ou WL, Oghbaey S, Sarracini A, Besaw JE, Pare-Labrosse O, Meier S, Schikora H, Tellkamp F, Marx A, Sherrell DA, Axford D, Owen RL, Ernst OP, Pai EF, Schulz EC, Miller RJD. Serial femtosecond and serial synchrotron crystallography can yield data of equivalent quality: A systematic comparison. Sci Adv 2021; 7:7/12/eabf1380. [PMID: 33731353 PMCID: PMC7968842 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abf1380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
For the two proteins myoglobin and fluoroacetate dehalogenase, we present a systematic comparison of crystallographic diffraction data collected by serial femtosecond (SFX) and serial synchrotron crystallography (SSX). To maximize comparability, we used the same batch of micron-sized crystals, the same sample delivery device, and the same data analysis software. Overall figures of merit indicate that the data of both radiation sources are of equivalent quality. For both proteins, reasonable data statistics can be obtained with approximately 5000 room-temperature diffraction images irrespective of the radiation source. The direct comparability of SSX and SFX data indicates that the quality of diffraction data obtained from these samples is linked to the properties of the crystals rather than to the radiation source. Therefore, for other systems with similar properties, time-resolved experiments can be conducted at the radiation source that best matches the desired time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Mehrabi
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R Bücker
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Centre for Structural Systems Biology, Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - G Bourenkov
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H M Ginn
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - D von Stetten
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), Hamburg Outstation c/o Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestraße 85, D-22603 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H M Müller-Werkmeister
- Institute of Chemistry-Physical Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - A Kuo
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - T Morizumi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - B T Eger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - W-L Ou
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - S Oghbaey
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - A Sarracini
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - J E Besaw
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - O Pare-Labrosse
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - S Meier
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H Schikora
- Scientific Support Unit Machine Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F Tellkamp
- Scientific Support Unit Machine Physics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Marx
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - D A Sherrell
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
- Structural Biology Center, X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL, USA
| | - D Axford
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - R L Owen
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - O P Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - E F Pai
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Campbell Family Cancer Research Institute, Ontario Cancer Institute, 101 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1L7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - E C Schulz
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany.
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R J D Miller
- Department for Atomically Resolved Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Departments of Chemistry and Physics, University of Toronto, 80 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Jungiusstrasse 9, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meier
- Abteilung für Geflügel- und Kaninchenkrankheiten, Institut für Veterinärbakteriologie, Vetsuisses-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
| | - K Kreyenbühl
- Geflügel- und Vogelpraxis Karin Kreyenbühl, Wohlen
| | - D Hüssy
- Institut für Virologie und Immunologie (IVI), Mittelhäusern
| | - C Grund
- Institut für Virusdiagnostik, Friedrich-Loeffler- Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Deutschland
| | - S Albini
- Abteilung für Geflügel- und Kaninchenkrankheiten, Institut für Veterinärbakteriologie, Vetsuisses-Fakultät, Universität Zürich
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23
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Meier S, McNaughton LR, Handcock R, Amer PR, Beatson PR, Bryant JR, Dodds KG, Spelman R, Roche JR, Burke CR. Heifers with positive genetic merit for fertility traits reach puberty earlier and have a greater pregnancy rate than heifers with negative genetic merit for fertility traits. J Dairy Sci 2021; 104:3707-3721. [PMID: 33455798 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2020-19155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the hypothesis that dairy heifers divergent in genetic merit for fertility traits differ in the age of puberty and reproductive performance. New Zealand's fertility breeding value (FertBV) is the proportion of a sire's daughters expected to calve in the first 42 d of the seasonal calving period. We used the New Zealand national dairy database to identify and select Holstein-Friesian dams with either positive (POS, +5 FertBV, n = 1,334) or negative FertBV (NEG, -5% FertBV, n = 1,662) for insemination with semen from POS or NEG FertBV sires, respectively. The resulting POS and NEG heifers were predicted to have a difference in average FertBV of 10 percentage points. We enrolled 640 heifer calves (POS, n = 324; NEG, n = 316) at 9 d ± 5.4 d (± standard deviation; SD) for the POS calves and 8 d ± 4.4 d old for the NEG calves. Of these, 275 POS and 248 NEG heifers were DNA parent verified and retained for further study. The average FertBV was +5.0% (SD = 0.74) and -5.1% (SD = 1.36) for POS and NEG groups, respectively. Heifers were reared at 2 successive facilities as follows: (1) calf rearing (enrollment to ∼13 wk of age) and (2) grazier, after 13 wk until 22 mo of age. All heifers wore a collar with an activity sensor to monitor estrus events starting at 8 mo of age, and we collected weekly blood samples when individual heifers reached 190 kg of body weight (BW) to measure plasma progesterone concentrations. Puberty was characterized by plasma progesterone concentrations >1 ng/mL in at least 2 of 3 successive weeks. Date of puberty was defined when the first of these samples was >1 ng/mL. Heifers were seasonally bred for 98 d starting at ∼14 mo of age. Transrectal ultrasound was used to confirm pregnancy and combined with activity data to estimate breeding and pregnancy dates. We measured BW every 2 wk, and body condition and stature at 6, 9, 12, and 15 mo of age. The significant FertBV by day interaction for BW was such that the NEG heifers had increasingly greater BW with age. This difference was mirrored with the significant FertBV by month interaction for average daily gain, with the NEG heifers having a greater average daily gain between 9 and 18 mo of age. There was no difference in heifer stature between the POS and NEG heifers. The POS heifers were younger and lighter at puberty, and were at a lesser mature BW, compared with the NEG heifers. As a result, 94 ± 1.6% of the POS and 82 ± 3.2% of the NEG heifers had reached puberty at the start of breeding. The POS heifers were 20% and 11% more likely to be pregnant after 21 d and 42 d of breeding than NEG heifers (relative risk = 1.20, 95% confidence interval of 1.03-1.34; relative risk = 1.11, 95% confidence interval of 1.01-1.16). Results from this experiment support an association between extremes in genetic merit for fertility base on cow traits and heifer reproduction. Our results indicate that heifer puberty and pregnancy rates are affected by genetic merit for fertility traits, and these may be useful phenotypes for genetic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meier
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - L R McNaughton
- Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - R Handcock
- Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - P R Amer
- AbacusBio Limited, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | | | - J R Bryant
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand; New Zealand Animal Evaluation Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - K G Dodds
- AgResearch, Invermay, Agricultural Centre, Private Bag 50034, Mosgiel 9053, New Zealand
| | - R Spelman
- Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - J R Roche
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - C R Burke
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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Berendt J, Ostgathe C, Simon ST, Tewes M, Schlieper D, Schallenburger M, Meier S, Gahr S, Schwartz J, Neukirchen M. [Cooperation between intensive care and palliative care : The status quo in German Comprehensive Cancer Centers]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2020; 116:586-594. [PMID: 32767071 PMCID: PMC8494681 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-020-00712-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Hintergrund Die interdisziplinäre Zusammenarbeit zwischen Intensivmedizin und Palliativmedizin kann die Versorgungsqualität verbessern. Das Ausmaß dieser Zusammenarbeit ist aber bisher kaum untersucht. Ziel der Arbeit Es sollten die angebotenen und in Anspruch genommenen palliativmedizinischen Unterstützungsangebote auf den Intensivstationen deutscher onkologischer Spitzenzentren erfasst werden. Material und Methoden Durchgeführt wurde eine quantitativ-qualitative, deskriptive Umfrage an den 16 von der Stiftung Deutsche Krebshilfe geförderten Zentren. Die im quantitativen Teil erfragten Häufigkeiten werden als Mittelwert und Median mit den jeweiligen Streumaßen dargestellt, während die im qualitativen Teil erhobenen Triggerfaktoren mit einer Inhaltsanalyse nach Mayring ausgewertet wurden. Ergebnisse Von Juli bis August 2017 konnten Angaben aus 15 von 16 onkologischen Spitzenzentren (94 %) erfasst werden. Im Jahr 2016 wurden im Median 33 Intensivpatienten (Min. 0, Max. 100) palliativmedizinisch vorgestellt und 9 Patienten (Min. 1, Max. 30) auf eine Palliativstation verlegt. Regelmäßige intensivmedizinisch-palliativmedizinische Visiten sowie ein Screening-Tool zur Einbindung der spezialisierten Palliativmedizin sind an zwei onkologischen Spitzenzentren implementiert. Anhand von 23 genannten Triggern, die auf der Intensivstation eine palliativmedizinische Mitbehandlung ausgelöst haben, lassen sich nach qualitativer Analyse die drei Kategorien „Entscheidung und Einstellung des Teams“, „Zustand des Patienten“ und „Wunsch von Patienten und Angehörigen“ ableiten. Diskussion Trotz eines verfügbaren Angebots werden palliativmedizinische Ressourcen in den intensivmedizinischen Abteilungen der onkologischen Spitzenzentren immer noch selten genutzt. In die tägliche Routine integrierte Angebote wie Screening-Tools oder gemeinsame Visiten könnten die Ausnutzung der angebotenen palliativmedizinischen Ressourcen erhöhen und die Versorgungsqualität verbessern.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Berendt
- Palliativmedizinische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN-Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - C Ostgathe
- Palliativmedizinische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN-Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - S T Simon
- Zentrum für Palliativmedizin, Centrum für Integrierte Onkologie Aachen, Bonn, Köln, Düsseldorf, Uniklinik Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | - M Tewes
- Westdeutsches Tumorzentrum, Innere Klinik (Tumorforschung), Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Deutschland
| | - D Schlieper
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - M Schallenburger
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - S Meier
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - S Gahr
- Palliativmedizinische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center EMN-Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Deutschland
| | - J Schwartz
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.
| | - M Neukirchen
- Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsklinikum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Moorenstraße 5, 40225, Düsseldorf, Deutschland.,Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
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van den Berg JP, Absalom AR, Venema AM, Kalmar AF, Van Amsterdam K, Hannivoort LN, Proost JH, Meier S, Scheeren TWL, Struys MMRF, Vereecke HEM. Comparison of haemodynamic- and electroencephalographic-monitored effects evoked by four combinations of effect-site concentrations of propofol and remifentanil, yielding a predicted tolerance to laryngoscopy of 90. J Clin Monit Comput 2020; 35:815-825. [PMID: 32488680 PMCID: PMC8286956 DOI: 10.1007/s10877-020-00540-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
This prospective study evaluates haemodynamic and electroencephalographic effects observed when administering four combinations of effect-site concentrations of propofol (CePROP) and remifentanil (CeREMI), all yielding a single predicted probability of tolerance of laryngoscopy of 90% (PTOL = 90%) according to the Bouillon interaction model. We aimed to identify combinations of CePROP and CeREMI along a single isobole of PTOL that result in favourable hypnotic and haemodynamic conditions. This knowledge could be of advantage in the development of drug advisory monitoring technology. 80 patients (18–90 years of age, ASA I–III) were randomized into four groups and titrated towards CePROP (Schnider model, ug⋅ml−1) and CeREMI (Minto model, ng⋅ml−1) of respectively 8.6 and 1, 5.9 and 2, 3.6 and 4 and 2.0 and 8. After eleven minutes of equilibration, baseline measurements of haemodynamic endpoints and bispectral index were compared with three minutes of responsiveness measurements after laryngoscopy. Before laryngoscopy, bispectral index differed significantly (p < 0.0001) between groups in concordance with CePROP. Heart rate decreased with increasing CeREMI (p = 0.001). The haemodynamic and arousal responses evoked by laryngoscopy were not significantly different between groups, but CePROP = 3.6 μg⋅ml−1 and CeREMI = 4 ng⋅ml−1 evoked the lowest median value for ∆HR and ∆SAP after laryngoscopy. This study provides clinical insight on the haemodynamic and hypnotic consequences, when a model based predicted PTOL is used as a target for combined effect-site controlled target- controlled infusion of propofol and remifentanil. Heart rate and bispectral index were significantly different between groups despite a theoretical equipotency for PTOL, suggesting that each component of the anaesthetic state (immobility, analgesia, and hypnotic drug effect) should be considered as independent neurophysiological and pharmacological phenomena. However, claims of (in)accuracy of the predicted PTOL must be considered preliminary because larger numbers of observations are required for that goal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P van den Berg
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - A R Absalom
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A M Venema
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - A F Kalmar
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Van Amsterdam
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L N Hannivoort
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J H Proost
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - S Meier
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T W L Scheeren
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - M M R F Struys
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - H E M Vereecke
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Department of Anaesthesia and Reanimation, AZ Sint-Jan Brugge-Oostende AV, Brugge, Belgium
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Meier S, Kay JK, Kuhn-Sherlock B, Heiser A, Mitchell MD, Crookenden MA, Riboni MV, Loor JJ, Roche JR. Effects of far-off and close-up transition cow feeding on uterine health, postpartum anestrous interval, and reproductive outcomes in pasture-based dairy cows. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:17. [PMID: 32042415 PMCID: PMC7003407 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In seasonal, pasture-based, dairy production systems, cows must recover from calving and become pregnant within two to 3 months. To achieve this, the uterus must involute and ovulation must occur and continue at regular intervals. As these processes are affected by the cows' nutritional or metabolic status post-calving, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of cow feeding strategies on uterine health, the length of postpartum anestrous interval, and reproductive outcomes. The treatments consisted of two feeding strategies during late-lactation and early dry period (far-off period; starting 4-month pre-calving) and three close-up dry period feeding regimes (1-month pre-calving) in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement. We randomly assigned 150 cows to one of two far-off treatments. During late lactation, the herds (n = 75 cows per herd) were either control-fed (Controlfed) or over-fed (Overfed) to achieve a low or high body condition score (4-month pre-calving; BCS; ~ 4.25 and ~ 4.75; 10-point scale) at cessation of lactation. Within each of these treatments, three feeding levels were applied during the close-up period (1-month pre-calving): ~ 65% (Feed65), ~ 90% (Feed90), or ~ 120% (Feed120) of metabolizable energy (ME) intakes relative to pre-calving requirements. Results Uterine health improved (i.e. polymorphonucleated (PMN) cells declined) with increased feeding during the close-up period for cows in the Overfed group. The reverse was evident for the Controlfed group with the greatest PMN at the highest intakes during the close-up period. The postpartum anoestrous interval (PPAI) was shorter in cows from the Overfed group when moderately fed (Feed90) during the close-up period; in comparison, the PPAI was shorter in the Controlfed group, when those cows were overfed in the close-up period (Feed120). The cows in the Overfed treatment had greater conception and pregnancy rates if cows had moderate dry matter intakes (Feed90) during the close-up period; these reproductive variables were less under excessive feed intakes (Feed120); yet, close-up dry matter intake had little effect on conception and pregnancy rates for the Controlfed group. Conclusions The far-off feeding strategies increased early reproductive outcomes at 3 weeks of mating. Additionally, the interaction between far-off and close-up feeding strategies resulted in high six-week pregnancy rate with a slight restriction during the close-up period but only in the far-off Overfed group. Thus, our hypothesis is supported under these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Meier
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - J K Kay
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - B Kuhn-Sherlock
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand
| | - A Heiser
- 2AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand
| | - M D Mitchell
- 3Centre for Children's Health Research, Queensland University of Technology, Level 6, 62 Graham Street, South Brisbane, Queensland 4101 Australia
| | - M A Crookenden
- 2AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, 4442 New Zealand.,4DairyNZ Limited, c/o University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St, Auckland, 1010 New Zealand
| | - M Vailati Riboni
- 5Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801 USA
| | - J J Loor
- 5Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801 USA
| | - J R Roche
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, 3240 New Zealand.,6Ministry for Primary Industries-Manatū Ahu Matua, Charles Ferguson Tower, Pipitea, Wellington, 6140 New Zealand.,7School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142 New Zealand
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Meier S, Yu C, Sun D, Trieu J, Sum W, Yiannikas J, Kritharides L, Naoum C. 318 Diagnostic Utility of Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMRI) in Patients with Myocardial Infarction without Obstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA). Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Meier S, Davis B, Yu C, Yung G, Kritharides L, Naoum C. 330 Echocardiographic Parameters Predictive of a Positive 99mTc-PYP Scan in Patients with Suspected Cardiac ATTR-Amyloidosis. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Vailati-Riboni M, Crookenden M, Kay JK, Meier S, Mitchell MD, Heiser A, Roche JR, Loor JJ. Hepatic one-carbon metabolism enzyme activities and intermediate metabolites are altered by prepartum body condition score and plane of nutrition in grazing Holstein dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:2662-2676. [PMID: 31864735 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Precalving feeding level and body condition score (BCS) alter postcalving energy balance and oxidant status of dairy cows. We hypothesized that the reported benefits of a controlled restriction precalving depend on precalving BCS. The objective was to identify alterations in activity and intermediates of the hepatic one-carbon metabolism, transsulfuration, and tricarboxylic acid pathways. Twenty-eight pregnant and nonlactating grazing dairy cows of mixed age and breed (Friesian, Friesian × Jersey) were randomly allocated to 1 of 4 treatment groups in a 2 × 2 factorial design: 2 prepartum BCS categories [4.0 (thin, BCS4) and 5.0 (optimal, BCS5); 10-point scale], by managing cows in late lactation to achieve the 2 groups at dry-off, and 2 levels of energy intake during the 3 wk preceding calving (75 or 125% of estimated requirements), obtained via allowance (m2/cow) of fresh pasture composed of mostly perennial ryegrass and white cover. Average (± standard deviation) age was 6 ± 2, 6 ± 3, 5 ± 1, and 7 ± 3 yr for BCS4 fed 75 and 125%, and BCS5 fed 75 and 125%, respectively. Breed distribution (average ± standard deviation) for the 4 groups was 79 ± 21, 92 ± 11, 87 ± 31, and 74 ± 23% Friesian, and 17 ± 20, 8 ± 11, 13 ± 31, and 25 ± 23% Jersey. Liver tissue was collected by biopsy at -7, 7, and 28 d relative to calving. Tissue was used for 14C radio-labeling assays to measure betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase, 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase (MTR), and cystathionine-β-synthase (CBS) activity. Liver metabolomics was undertaken using a targeted liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry-based profiling approach. After initial liquid chromatography separation, mass spectra were acquired under both positive and negative ionization, whereas multiple reaction monitoring was used to measure target compound signal response (peak area count). Enzyme activity and metabolite peak area count were normalized with the homogenate protein concentration. Repeated measures analysis of variance via PROC MIXED in SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC), with BCS, feeding, and time as fixed effects, and cow as random effect was used. All enzyme activities were affected by time, with betaine-homocysteine S-methyltransferase activity peaking at 7 d, whereas CBS and MTR activity decreased postpartum. Overall, thin cows had greater MTR activity, whereas cows fed 125% requirements had greater CBS activity. An interaction was detected between BCS and feeding for CBS activity, as thin cows fed 125% of requirements had greater overall activity. Compared with liver from BCS4 cows, BCS5 cows had overall greater betaine, glycine, butyrobetaine/acetylcholine, serine, and taurine concentrations. The same metabolites, plus choline and N-N-dimethylglycine, were overall greater in liver of cows fed 75% compared with those fed 125% of requirements. An interaction of BCS and feeding level was detected for the aforementioned metabolites plus methionine, cystathionine, cysteinesulfinate, and hypotaurine, due to greater overall concentrations in BCS5 cows fed 75% of requirements compared with other groups. Overall, differences in hepatic enzyme activity and intermediate metabolites suggest that both BCS and feeding level can alter the internal antioxidant system (e.g., glutathione and taurine) throughout the periparturient period. Further studies are needed to better understand potential mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Vailati-Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - M Crookenden
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240
| | - J K Kay
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240
| | - M D Mitchell
- Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Campus, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - A Heiser
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442
| | - J R Roche
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240; School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand 1142
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.
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Tafel A, Meier S, Ristein J, Hommelhoff P. Femtosecond Laser-Induced Electron Emission from Nanodiamond-Coated Tungsten Needle Tips. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 123:146802. [PMID: 31702221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.146802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present femtosecond laser-induced electron emission from nanodiamond-coated tungsten tips. Based on the shortness of the femtosecond laser pulses, electrons can be photoexcited for wavelengths from the infrared (1932 nm) to the ultraviolet (235 nm) because multiphoton excitation becomes efficient over the entire spectral range. Depending on the laser wavelength, we find different dominant emission channels identified by the number of photons needed to emit electrons. Based on the band alignment between tungsten and nanodiamond, the relevant emission channels can be identified as specific transitions in diamond and its graphitic boundaries. It is the combination of the character of initial and final states (i.e., bulk or surface-near, direct or indirect excitation in the diamond band structure), the number of photons providing the excitation energy, and the peak intensity of the laser pulses that determines the dominant excitation channel for photoemission. A specific feature of the hydrogen-terminated nanodiamond coating is its negative electron affinity that significantly lowers the work function and enables efficient emission from the conduction band minimum into vacuum without an energy barrier. Emission is stable for bunch charges of up to 400 electrons per laser pulse. We infer a normalized emittance of <0.20 nm rad and a normalized peak brightness of >1.2×10^{12} A m^{-2} sr^{-1}. The properties of these tips are encouraging for their use as laser-triggered electron sources in applications such as ultrafast electron microscopy as well as diffraction and novel photonics-based laser accelerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tafel
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - S Meier
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J Ristein
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - P Hommelhoff
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Staudtstraße 1, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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Craig H, Stachowicz K, Black M, Parry M, Burke C, Meier S, Amer P. Genotype by environment interactions in fertility traits in New Zealand dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:10991-11003. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Janssens U, Lücking KM, Böll B, Burchardi H, Dannenberg K, Duttge G, Erchinger R, Gretenkort P, Hartog C, Jöbges S, Knochel K, Liebig M, Meier S, Michalsen A, Michels G, Mohr M, Nauck F, Radke P, Rogge A, Salomon F, Seidlein AH, Stopfkuchen H, Neitzke G. [Amendment to the documentation of decisions to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining therapies in consideration of wish to donate organs : Recommendation of the Ethics Section and the Organ Donation and Transplantation Section of the German Interdisciplinary Association of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine (DIVI) in collaboration with the Ethics Section of the German Society of Medical Intensive Care Medicine and Emergency Medicine (DGIIN)]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2018; 114:53-55. [PMID: 30397763 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-018-0509-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The Ethics Section of the German Interdisciplinary Association of Critical Care and Emergency Medicine (DIVI) recently published a documentation for decisions to withhold or withdraw life-sustaining therapies. The wish to donate organs was not considered explicitly. Therefore the Ethics Section and the Organ Donation and Transplantation Section of the DIVI together with the Ethics Section of the German Society of Medical Intensive Care Medicine and Emergency Medicine worked out a supplementary footnote for the documentation form to address the individual case of a patient's wish to donate organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Janssens
- Klinik für Innere Medizin und Internistische Intensivmedizin, St.-Antonius-Hospital, Dechant-Decker-Str. 8, 52249, Eschweiler, Deutschland.
| | - K M Lücking
- Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg, Deutschland
| | - B Böll
- Klinik I für Innere Medizin, Uniklinik Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | | | - K Dannenberg
- Medizinische Klinik, BG Klinikum Bergmannstrost, Halle, Deutschland
| | - G Duttge
- Abteilung für strafrechtliches Medizin- und Biorecht, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | | | - P Gretenkort
- Simulations- und Notfallakademie, Helios Klinikum Krefeld, Krefeld, Deutschland
| | - C Hartog
- Patienten- und Angehörigenzentrierte Versorgung, Klinik Bavaria Kreischa, Kreischa, Deutschland.,Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt operative Intensivmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - S Jöbges
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie mit Schwerpunkt operative Intensivmedizin, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Deutschland
| | - K Knochel
- Kinderpalliativzentrum München, Kinderklinik und Kinderpoliklinik im Dr. von Haunerschen Kinderspital, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - M Liebig
- Medizinische Klinik, Klinikum Görlitz, Görlitz, Deutschland
| | - S Meier
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - A Michalsen
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin, Notfallmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Klinik Tettnang, Tettnang, Deutschland
| | - G Michels
- Klinik III für Innere Medizin, Uniklinik Köln, Köln, Deutschland
| | - M Mohr
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie und Intensivmedizin, Ev. Diakonie-Krankenhaus, Bremen, Deutschland
| | - F Nauck
- Klinik für Palliativmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Deutschland
| | - P Radke
- Klinik für Kardiologie, Schön Klinik Neustadt, Neustadt in Holstein, Deutschland
| | - A Rogge
- Klinische Ethikberatung, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Deutschland
| | | | - A-H Seidlein
- Institut für Ethik und Geschichte in der Medizin, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universität Greifswald, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | | | - G Neitzke
- Institut für Geschichte, Ethik und Philosophie der Medizin, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Deutschland
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Meier S, Köster F, Baum S, Rody A, Bräutigam K. Analyse und Vergleich von HPV-Genotypen in unterschiedlichen Regionen des weiblichen Anogenitaltrakts und des Hals-Rachenraums. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1675452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Meier
- Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck
| | - F Köster
- Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck
| | - S Baum
- Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck
| | - A Rody
- Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck
| | - K Bräutigam
- Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck
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Meier S, Köster F, Baum S, Rody A, Bräutigam K. Analysis and comparison of HPV genotypes between different sites of the female anogenital tract and the oropharynx. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1671362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Meier
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, UK-SH, Campus Lübeck, Experimentelle gynäkologische Onkologie, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - F Köster
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, UK-SH, Campus Lübeck, Experimentelle gynäkologische Onkologie, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - S Baum
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, UK-SH, Campus Lübeck, Experimentelle gynäkologische Onkologie, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - A Rody
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, UK-SH, Campus Lübeck, Experimentelle gynäkologische Onkologie, Lübeck, Deutschland
| | - K Bräutigam
- Klinik für Frauenheilkunde und Geburtshilfe, UK-SH, Campus Lübeck, Experimentelle gynäkologische Onkologie, Lübeck, Deutschland
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Meier S, Gillon T, Mitter V, Fink A, Mueller M, Rau T, Von Wolff M, Kohl Schwartz A. Antibiotic treatment of chronic endometritis seems to preserve pregnancy in women with recurrent miscarriages or recurrent implantation failure. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0038-1670983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Meier
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - T Gillon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - V Mitter
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - A Fink
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - M Mueller
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - T Rau
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - M Von Wolff
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
| | - A Kohl Schwartz
- Division of Gynecological Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, Bern, Schweiz
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Shorten P, Donnison M, McDonald R, Meier S, Ledgard A, Berg D. A mathematical model of in vivo bovine blastocyst developmental to gestational Day 15. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:8401-8416. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Pasterk L, Gobbato S, Bonetti N, Frick M, Meier S, Liu M, Camici GG, Luescher TF, Egloff M, Koepfli P, Schmid HR, Beer JH. P6561Mechanism of ultra-low LDL-C and platelets - insights from Tangier disease patients and patients on PCSK9 inhibitor therapy. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy566.p6561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L Pasterk
- University of Zurich, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - S Gobbato
- University of Zurich, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - N Bonetti
- University of Zurich, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Frick
- Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - S Meier
- Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - M Liu
- Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - G G Camici
- University of Zurich, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T F Luescher
- University of Zurich, Center for Molecular Cardiology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Egloff
- Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - P Koepfli
- Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - H R Schmid
- Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
| | - J H Beer
- Cantonal Hospital of Baden, Baden, Switzerland
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Valk B, Absalom A, Meyer P, Meier S, den Daas I, van Amsterdam K, Campagna J, Sweeney S, Struys M. Safety and clinical effect of i.v. infusion of cyclopropyl-methoxycarbonyl etomidate (ABP-700), a soft analogue of etomidate, in healthy subjects. Br J Anaesth 2018; 120:1401-1411. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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Walter RFH, Rozynek P, Casjens S, Werner R, Mairinger FD, Speel EJM, Zur Hausen A, Meier S, Wohlschlaeger J, Theegarten D, Behrens T, Schmid KW, Brüning T, Johnen G. Methylation of L1RE1, RARB, and RASSF1 function as possible biomarkers for the differential diagnosis of lung cancer. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195716. [PMID: 29851970 PMCID: PMC5978787 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Differential diagnosis can be difficult, especially when only small samples are available. Epigenetic changes are frequently tissue-specific events in carcinogenesis and hence may serve as diagnostic biomarkers. Material and methods 138 representative formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues (116 lung cancer cases and 22 benign controls) were used for targeted DNA methylation analysis via pyrosequencing of ten literature-derived methylation markers (APC, CDH1, CDKN2A, EFEMP1, FHIT, L1RE1, MGMT, PTEN, RARB, and RASSF1). Methylation levels were analyzed with the Classification and Regression Tree Algorithm (CART), Conditional Interference Trees (ctree) and ROC. Validation was performed with additional 27 lung cancer cases and 38 benign controls. TCGA data for 282 lung cancer cases was included in the analysis. Results CART and ctree analysis identified the combination of L1RE1 and RARB as well as L1RE1 and RASSF1 as independent methylation markers with high discriminative power between tumor and benign tissue (for each combination, 91% specificity and 100% sensitivity). L1RE1 methylation associated significantly with tumor type and grade (p<0.001) with highest methylation in the control group. The opposite was found for RARB (p<0.001). RASSF1 methylation increased with tumor type and grade (p<0.001) with strongest methylation in neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Conclusion Hypomethylation of L1RE1 is frequent in tumors compared to benign controls and associates with higher grade, whereas increasing methylation of RARB is an independent marker for tumors and higher grade. RASSF1 hypermethylation was frequent in tumors and most prominent in NET making it an auxiliary marker for separation of NSCLC and NET. L1RE1 in combination with either RARB or RASSF1 could function as biomarkers for separating lung cancer and non-cancerous tissue and could be useful for samples of limited size such as biopsies.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/diagnosis
- Adenocarcinoma/genetics
- Adult
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Large Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Case-Control Studies
- DNA Methylation
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Female
- Humans
- Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Nuclear Proteins/genetics
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- RNA-Binding Proteins/genetics
- Receptors, Retinoic Acid/genetics
- Tumor Suppressor Proteins/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- R F H Walter
- Ruhrlandklinik, West German Lung Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - P Rozynek
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - S Casjens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - R Werner
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - F D Mairinger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - E J M Speel
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A Zur Hausen
- Department of Pathology, GROW-School for Oncology & Developmental Biology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - S Meier
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - J Wohlschlaeger
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - D Theegarten
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - T Behrens
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - K W Schmid
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - T Brüning
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - G Johnen
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-University Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
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Dennis N, Stachowicz K, Visser B, Hely F, Berg D, Friggens N, Amer P, Meier S, Burke C. Combining genetic and physiological data to identify predictors of lifetime reproductive success and the effect of selection on these predictors on underlying fertility traits. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3176-3192. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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41
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Crookenden MA, Heiser A, Murray A, Dukkipati VSR, Kay JK, Loor JJ, Meier S, Mitchell MD, Moyes KM, Walker CG, Roche JR. Corrigendum to "Parturition in dairy cows temporarily alters the expression of genes in circulating neutrophils" (J. Dairy Sci. 99:6470-6483). J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:3715. [PMID: 29551165 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-101-4-3715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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42
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Koh YQ, Peiris HN, Vaswani K, Meier S, Burke CR, Macdonald KA, Roche JR, Almughlliq F, Arachchige BJ, Reed S, Mitchell MD. Characterization of exosomes from body fluids of dairy cows. J Anim Sci 2018; 95:3893-3904. [PMID: 28992005 DOI: 10.2527/jas2017.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are a specific subpopulation of extracellular vesicles that are widely released by cells of different origins with divergent functions that make their way into body fluids that can be conveniently sampled. In the current study, we isolated and evaluated exosomes from concurrently collected samples of milk, plasma, saliva, and urine from a group of 6 pregnant Holstein-Friesian dairy cows (aged 7 mo, 174 to 203 d of gestation). The cows had BCS of 3.5 to 5.25 (on a scale of 1 to 10), and the milk production for the season to the time of sampling ranged between 5,118 and 6,959 kg. The low levels of extracellular vesicles in saliva and urine (more than 86% fewer compared to the extracellular vesicles in milk and plasma) precluded further detailed evaluation since utility for diagnostics was deemed unlikely. In exosomes isolated from milk and plasma, size distribution, morphology, and the presence of exosome markers was confirmed by nanoparticle tracking analysis, electron microscopy, and Western blot. In addition, a targeted proteomic approach using the quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer was also used in the study to screen for the exosome marker (e.g., Tumor susceptibility gene 101). Following confirmation of the presence of exosomes, the proteomic profiles of milk and plasma exosomes were evaluated using information-dependent acquisition-mediated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The milk exosomes contain proteins that differed greatly from the plasma exosomes, with only 8 similar proteins harbored in both the milk and plasma exosomes. The milk and plasma exosomes were found to contain proteins (e.g., immunoglobulin J chain and α2 macroglobulin) associated with specific biological processes and molecular functions. Hence, the fluid of origin required for exosome analysis will be dependent on the specific information needed. In conclusion, isolated exosomes from milk and plasma samples collected at the same time point from the same dairy cows encapsulated different profiles of proteins associated with different biological processes and molecular functions.
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Albini S, Meier S, Linder K, Hoop R, Vogler B. . SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2017; 159:668-672. [DOI: 10.17236/sat00139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Meier S, Hüssy D, Hofmann M, Renzullo S, Vogler B, Sigrist B, Hoop R, Albini S. Outbreak of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N8 in November 2016 in Wild Birds in Switzerland. SCHWEIZ ARCH TIERH 2017; 159:663-667. [DOI: 10.17236/sat00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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45
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Gründemann C, Arnhold M, Meier S, Bäcker C, Garcia-Käufer M, Grunewald F, Steinborn C, Klemd Amy M, Wille R, Huber R, Lindequist U. Effects of Inonotus hispidus extracts and compounds on human immunocompetent cells. Am J Transl Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1608591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Gründemann
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Arnhold
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Meier
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, Greifswald, Germany
| | - C Bäcker
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, Greifswald, Germany
| | - M Garcia-Käufer
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - F Grunewald
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - C Steinborn
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Klemd Amy
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - R Wille
- ABNOBA GmbH, Pforzheim, Germany, Pforzheim, Germany
| | - R Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Institute for Environmental Health Sciences and Hospital Infection Control, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany, Freiburg, Germany
| | - U Lindequist
- Institute of Pharmacy, Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-University Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany, Greifswald, Germany
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Koh YQ, Peiris HN, Vaswani K, Meier S, Burke CR, Macdonald KA, Roche JR, Almughlliq F, Arachchige BJ, Reed S, Mitchell MD. Characterization of exosomes from body fluids of dairy cows1. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
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47
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Perrot V, Meier S, Bel-Brunon A, Walter-Le Berre H, Bou-Saïd B, Chaudet P, Detti V, Vray D, Liebgott H. Biofidelic Abdominal Aorta Phantom: Cross-Over Preliminary Study Using UltraSound and Digital Image Stereo-Correlation. Ing Rech Biomed 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.irbm.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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48
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Smaili W, Elalaoui SC, Meier S, Zerkaoui M, Sefiani A, Heinimann K. A novel TRPS1 mutation in a Moroccan family with Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome type III: case report. BMC Med Genet 2017; 18:50. [PMID: 28468609 PMCID: PMC5415804 DOI: 10.1186/s12881-017-0413-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tricho-rhino-phalangeal syndrome (TRPS) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by craniofacial and skeletal malformations including short stature, thin scalp hair, sparse lateral eyebrows, pear-shaped nose and cone shaped epiphyses. This condition is caused by haploinsufficiency of the TRPS1 gene. Previous genotype-phenotype studies have correlated exon 6 missense mutations with TRPS type III, a severe form of type I with pronounced, facial characteristics, short stature and brachydactyly and differing from type II by the absence of exostoses and mental retardation. CASE PRESENTATION We report the first case of a Moroccan family, a father and his three children, in which the diagnosis of type III TRPS was suspected based on severe clinical and radiological features. Molecular analysis of the TRPS1 gene revealed a novel missense mutation in exon 6, (p.Ala932Ser), located in the GATA-type DNA-binding zinc finger domain. CONCLUSION Our observations in this kindred support the previous genotype-phenotype results suggesting that patients with more pronounced facial characteristics and more severe shortening of hands and feet are more likely to have mutation in exon 6 of TRPS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Smaili
- Centre de Génomique Humaine - Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, 27 Avenue IbnBatouta, B. P.769, 11400, Rabat, Morocco
| | - S Chafai Elalaoui
- Centre de Génomique Humaine - Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco. .,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, 27 Avenue IbnBatouta, B. P.769, 11400, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - S Meier
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Zerkaoui
- Centre de Génomique Humaine - Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, 27 Avenue IbnBatouta, B. P.769, 11400, Rabat, Morocco
| | - A Sefiani
- Centre de Génomique Humaine - Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université Mohamed V, Rabat, Morocco.,Département de Génétique Médicale, Institut National d'Hygiène, 27 Avenue IbnBatouta, B. P.769, 11400, Rabat, Morocco
| | - K Heinimann
- Medical Genetics, University Hospital Basel, Schoenbeinstrasse 40, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
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Crookenden MA, Walker CG, Peiris H, Koh Y, Almughlliq F, Vaswani K, Reed S, Heiser A, Loor JJ, Kay JK, Meier S, Donkin SS, Murray A, Dukkipati VSR, Roche JR, Mitchell MD. Effect of circulating exosomes from transition cows on Madin-Darby bovine kidney cell function. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:5687-5700. [PMID: 28456398 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-12152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The greatest risk of metabolic and infectious disease in dairy cows is during the transition from pregnancy to lactating (i.e., the transition period). The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of extracellular vesicles (microvesicles involved in cell-to-cell signaling) isolated from transition cows on target cell function. We previously identified differences in the protein profiles of exosomes isolated from cows divergent in metabolic health status. Therefore, we hypothesized that these exosomes would affect target tissues differently. To investigate this, 2 groups of cows (n = 5/group) were selected based on the concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate and fatty acids in plasma and triacylglycerol concentration in liver at wk 1 and 2 postcalving. Cows with high concentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate, fatty acids, and triacylglycerol were considered at increased risk of clinical disease during the transition period (high-risk group; n = 5) and were compared with cows that had low concentrations of the selected health indicators (low-risk group; n = 5). At 2 time points during the transition period (postcalving at wk 1 and 4), blood was sampled and plasma exosomes were isolated from the high-risk and low-risk cows. The exosomes were applied at concentrations of 10 and 1 µg/mL to 5 × 103 Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells grown to 50% confluence in 96-well plates. Results indicate a numerical increase in cell proliferation when exosomes from high-risk cows were applied compared with those from low-risk cows. Consistent with an effect on cell proliferation, quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR indicated a trend for upregulation of 3 proinflammatory genes (granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, ciliary neurotrophic factor, and CD27 ligand) with the application of high-risk exosomes, which are involved in cellular growth and survival. Proteomic analysis indicated 2 proteins in the low-risk group that were not identified in the high-risk group (endoplasmin and catalase), which may also be indicative of the metabolic state of origin. It is likely that the metabolic state of the transition cow affects cellular function through exosomal messaging; however, more in-depth research into cross-talk between exosomes and target cells is required to determine whether exosomes influence Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells in this manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Crookenden
- DairyNZ, Auckland 1010, New Zealand; Institute of Vet, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - H Peiris
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - Y Koh
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - F Almughlliq
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - K Vaswani
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - S Reed
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
| | - A Heiser
- Institute of Vet, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - J K Kay
- DairyNZ, Hamilton 3284, New Zealand
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ, Hamilton 3284, New Zealand
| | - S S Donkin
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907
| | - A Murray
- Institute of Vet, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - V S R Dukkipati
- Institute of Vet, Animal, and Biomedical Sciences, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - J R Roche
- DairyNZ, Hamilton 3284, New Zealand.
| | - M D Mitchell
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Herston, Queensland 4029, Australia
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50
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Roche JR, Heiser A, Mitchell MD, Crookenden MA, Walker CG, Kay JK, Riboni MV, Loor JJ, Meier S. Strategies to gain body condition score in pasture-based dairy cows during late lactation and the far-off nonlactating period and their interaction with close-up dry matter intake. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:1720-1738. [PMID: 28109602 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2016-11591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In pasture-based systems, cows are generally thinner at the end of lactation than cows fed total mixed rations and, as a result, over-feeding of metabolizable energy (ME) during the far-off nonlactating period is a standard management policy to achieve optimum calving body condition score (BCS). An alternative would be to manage cows to gain BCS through late lactation, such that cows ended lactation close to optimum calving BCS and maintenance of BCS through to calving. We sought to quantify the effect of moderate or excessive ME intakes during the far-off nonlactating period in cows that had been managed to gain or maintain BCS through late lactation and whether the far-off management strategy interacted with close-up level of feeding. Effects on milk production and circulating indicators of energy balance and metabolic health in early lactation were evaluated. A herd of 150 cows was randomly assigned to 1 of 2 feeding levels in late lactation to achieve a low and high BCS at the time of dry-off (approximately 4.25 and 5.0 on a 10-point scale). Following dry-off, both herds were managed to achieve a BCS of 5.0 one month before calving; this involved controlled feeding (i.e., maintenance) and over-feeding of ME during the far-off dry period. Within each far-off feeding-level treatment, cows were offered 65, 90, or 120% of their pre-calving ME requirements for 3 wk pre-calving in a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement (i.e., 25 cows/treatment). Body weight and BCS were measured weekly before and after calving, and milk production was measured weekly until wk 7 postcalving. Blood samples were collected weekly for 4 wk pre-calving and 5 wk postcalving, and on d 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 relative to calving, and analyzed for indicators of energy balance (e.g., blood fatty acids, β-hydroxybutyrate), calcium status, and inflammatory state. No interaction was observed between far-off and close-up feeding levels. Over-feeding of ME to low BCS cows during the far-off nonlactating period reduced blood fatty acid and β-hydroxybutyrate concentrations in early lactation, and increased blood albumin to globulin ratio compared with cows that were dried off close to recommended calving BCS and control-fed during the far-off dry period. Cows consuming 65% of their ME requirements during the close-up period had lower fatty acids and β-hydroxybutyrate in early lactation, but produced less milk, particularly during the first 21 d of lactation, had more than 3-fold greater concentration of haptoglobin immediately postcalving, and had a lower blood cholesterol concentration and albumin to globulin ratio, when compared with cows offered 90 or 120% of their ME requirements. Collectively, these measurements indicate that a severe restriction (<70% of ME requirements) during the close-up nonlactating period increases the risk of disease in early lactation and reduces milk production. In summary, far-off over-feeding of ME to cows that needed to gain BCS did not influence peripartum metabolic health in grazing dairy cows, but restricting cows below 70% ME requirements during the close-up transition period resulted in a blood profile indicative of greater inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Roche
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240.
| | - A Heiser
- AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand 4442
| | - M D Mitchell
- University of Queensland, Centre for Clinical Research, Royal Brisbane & Women's Hospital Campus, Herston, Queensland, Australia 4029
| | - M A Crookenden
- DairyNZ Limited, c/o University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St., Auckland, New Zealand 1010
| | - C G Walker
- DairyNZ Limited, c/o University of Auckland, 3A Symonds St., Auckland, New Zealand 1010
| | - J K Kay
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240
| | - M Vailati Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - J J Loor
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801
| | - S Meier
- DairyNZ Limited, Private Bag 3221, Hamilton, New Zealand 3240
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