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Norberg M, Liv P, Naslund U, Wester P, Nordin S. Impact of cognitive ability in young adult age on risk of cardiovascular disease and presence of subclinical carotid plaques among men aged 60 years. Eur Heart J 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
A clear association between low cognitive ability in early adult life and increased risk of premature cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has been demonstrated [1]. However, the mechanisms for this relationship are not fully understood. Also, despite the evidence on low early cognitive ability being a risk factor for CVD, specific CVD prevention studies in this group has not been reported and low cognitive ability has not been mentioned in clinical guidelines for prevention of CVD.
Purpose
To clarify the interrelationships between early adult life cognitive ability and late middle-life health behaviors and the risk of CVD and presence of subclinical carotid plaque.
Methods
Register-data from psychological testing of men at age 18–19 years in the Swedish Enlistment Battery was used (n=1009), and early cognitive ability was calculated as the mean of four subtests on a scale from 1 to 9 (logical-inductive ability, verbal ability, visuospatial ability and technical understanding). A lifestyle index on a scale from 4 to 12, which was calculated as the sum of self-reported diet, physical activity, smoking and alcohol consumption, where each behavior was divided into 3 levels and the most health-promoting level was the highest level, as well as clinical CVD risk factors were collected at age 60 years within the VIPVIZA RCT (Västerbotten Intervention Program – Visualization of subclinical Atherosclerotic disease for optimum cardiovascular prevention) [2]. Risk of CVD was calculated as SCORE and presence of carotid plaques was identified, based on ultrasonography and defined according to Mannheim consensus [2]. Early cognitive ability's association to SCORE and presence of carotid plaques was assessed using linear and logistic regression, respectively. The linear regression was performed using restricted cubic splines to account for non-linearity.
Results
Early cognitive ability and the lifestyle index were normally distributed (mean 4.24, SD 1.12 and mean 9.95, SD 1.484, respectively). Mean of SCORE was 2.6%, SD 1.4. Carotid plaques were observed among 61%. A statistically significant negative association between early cognitive ability and SCORE was found (p=0.009, Figure 1). Higher early cognitive ability was also associated with a decreased risk for carotid plaques, with an odds ratio 0.86 for each increase of one point in cognitive ability (95% CI: 0.76–0.96, p=0.007).
Conclusion
Among men, higher cognitive ability at age 18–19 years is associated with lower risk of CVD and lower risk of having carotid plaque at age 60 years Additional modelling analyses are warranted to clarify the mediating and moderating roles of socioeconomic position, lifestyle and clinical CVD risk factors on the path between early cognitive ability and risk of CVD and subclinical atherosclerosis. This may guide development of tailored interventions to reduce the inequity in CVD due to cognitive ability.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Swedish Research CouncilRegion Västerbotten
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Affiliation(s)
- M Norberg
- Umea University, Department of public health and clinical medicine , Umea , Sweden
| | - P Liv
- Umea University, Department of public health and clinical medicine , Umea , Sweden
| | - U Naslund
- Umea University, Department of public health and clinical medicine , Umea , Sweden
| | - P Wester
- Umea University, Department of public health and clinical medicine , Umea , Sweden
| | - S Nordin
- Umeå University, Department of Psychology , Umeå , Sweden
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2
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Bengtsson A, Norberg M, Ng N, Carlberg B, Gronlund C, Hultdin J, Lindahl B, Lindahl B, Nordin S, Nyman E, Wennberg P, Wester P, Naslund U. Pictorial information about subclinical atherosclerosis reduces the CVD risk: Results from the VIPVIZA RCT. Eur J Prev Cardiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurjpc/zwab061.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: Public Institution(s). Main funding source(s): Region Västerbotten and the Swedish Research Council
Background
The VIPVIZA trial has previously shown beneficial effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk scores 1 year after sending pictorial information of carotid ultrasound imaging (Picture 1) to individuals and their physicians
Purpose
To investigate whether the beneficial effects on CVD-risk observed at 1-year were sustained over three years
Methods
VIPVIZA is a pragmatic prospective open-label randomized controlled trial with blinded evaluators performed within a CVD prevention programme integrated in the regular primary health care in Västerbotten County, Sweden. Individuals aged 40, 50 or 60 years old with one CVD risk factor were enrolled and randomised 1:1 to intervention (n = 1749, pictorial information about subclinical atherosclerosis provided to participants and physicians, Picture 1) or control group(n = 1783, no information to participants or physicians). Intervention participants also recieved a follow-up phone call and the corresponding physicians written guideline-based information about the clinical significance of carotid ultrasound results. Participants were examined at baseline (2013-2016), after one and at three years
Results
A significant beneficial effect on cardiovascular risk was observed at the 3-year follow-up; Framingham Risk Score (FRS) was 13.38 for the intervention group and 14.08 for the control group(p = 0.047) and SCORE was 1.69 vs. 1.82(p = 0.022) respectively. The 3-year results adjusted for sex and educational level showed significant differences between the intervention and control group in FRS, SCORE, P-Total-Cholesterol, P-LDL-Cholesterol and waist circumference in favour of the intervention group. Analysis by sex showed difference in differences(DID) in FRS for men -1.19(95% CI -2.01 to -0.37) and -0.50(95% CI -0.93 to -0.07) for women and in SCORE for men -0.20(95% CI -0.33 to -0.06) and -0.08 (95% CI -0.13 to -0.04) for women, between the two groups over 3 years. Similarly, there were significant differences in DID in all educational groups. Further stratification by baseline FRS and SCORE risk category, showed a beneficial pattern of the intervention in all risk groups, however the DID at the 3-year follow-up was statistically significant only in the intermediate risk group for both FRS -1.34(95% CI -2.13 to -0.56) and SCORE -0.19(95% CI -0.32 to -0.05)
Conclusions
This study provides evidence of sustained effects over three years of pictorial information of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis on the reduction of cardiovascular risk regardless of sex and educational level. Importantly, a statistically significant intervention effect was seen in the intermediate risk group, where the majority of CVD events occur. Visualization of subclinical atherosclerosis may be one way to approach individuals at intermediate risk of CVD, a group where sufficient prevention is often overlooked. However, further studies are needed to investigate the intervention effect on hard end points as CVD-events and death.
Abstract Figure. Picture 1
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bengtsson
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - M Norberg
- Umeå University, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå, Sweden
| | - N Ng
- Umeå University, Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B Carlberg
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - C Gronlund
- Umeå University, Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - J Hultdin
- Umeå University, Department of Medical Biosciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B Lindahl
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - B Lindahl
- Uppsala University, Department of Medical Sciences and Uppsala Clinical Research Center , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Nordin
- Umeå University, Department of Psychology, Umeå, Sweden
| | - E Nyman
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - P Wennberg
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - P Wester
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
| | - U Naslund
- Umeå University, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå, Sweden
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Bicho Augusto J, Johner N, Shah D, Nordin S, Knott K, Lau C, Alfarih M, Seraphim A, Vijapurapu R, Ramaswami U, Steeds R, Kozor R, Hughes D, Moon J, Namdar M. The myocardial phenotype of Fabry disease pre-hypertrophy and pre-detectable storage. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Cardiac involvement in Fabry Disease (FD) occurs prior to left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and is characterized by low myocardial native T1 with storage reflected by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) and ECG changes.
Objectives
We hypothesize that a pre-storage myocardial phenotype might occur even earlier, prior to T1 lowering.
Methods
FD patients and age, sex and heart rate matched healthy controls underwent same-day ECG with advanced analysis and multiparametric CMR (cines, global longitudinal strain [GLS], T1 and T2 mapping, stress perfusion [myocardial blood flow, MBF] and late gadolinium enhancement [LGE]).
Results
114 Fabry patients (46±13 years, 61% female) and 76 controls (49±15 years, 50% female) were included. In pre-LVH FD (n=72, 63%), a low T1 (n=32/72, 44%) was associated with a constellation of ECG and functional abnormalities compared to normal T1 FD patients and controls. However, pre-LVH FD with normal T1 (n=40/72, 56%) also had abnormalities compared to controls: reduced GLS (−18±2 vs −20±2%, P<0.001), microvascular changes (lower MBF 2.5±0.7 vs 3.0±0.8mL/g/min, P=0.028), subtle T2 elevation (50±4 vs 48±2ms, p=0.027) and limited LGE (%LGE 0.3±1.1 vs 0%, P=0.004). ECG abnormalities included shorter P wave duration (88±12 vs 94±15ms, P=0.010) and T wave peak time (Tonset–Tpeak; 104±28 vs 115±20ms, P=0.015), resulting in a more symmetric T wave with lower T wave time ratio (Tonset–Tpeak)/(Tpeak–Tend) (1.5±0.4 vs 1.8±0.4, P<0.001) compared to controls.
Conclusions
FD has a measurable myocardial phenotype pre-LVH and pre-detectable myocyte storage with microvascular dysfunction, subtly impaired GLS and altered atrial depolarization and ventricular repolarization intervals.
Proposed stages of cardiac involvement
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N Johner
- Geneva University Hospitals, Cardiology Division, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - D Shah
- Geneva University Hospitals, Cardiology Division, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Nordin
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - K Knott
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - C Lau
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Alfarih
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Seraphim
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Vijapurapu
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Cardiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - U Ramaswami
- Royal Free Hospital, lysosomal storage disorders unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Steeds
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Cardiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R Kozor
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - D Hughes
- Royal Free Hospital, lysosomal storage disorders unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Moon
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Namdar
- Geneva University Hospitals, Cardiology Division, Geneva, Switzerland
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Abstract
Abstract
Background
ESC guidelines recommend measurement of troponin T in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) because high concentrations are associated with cardiovascular events, heart failure and death. The cardiac Troponin I subunit is not expressed in skeletal muscle making it a cardio-specific isoform. The use of troponin biomarkers in management of patients HCM is limited because concentrations only weakly correlate with clinical parameters. Most studies are small, and few have examined their relation with genotype and mortality.
Purpose
To assess the relationship between high-sensitive troponin I (hsTnI) and characteristics of adults with HCM.
Methods
Patients included were adults with an established diagnosis of HCM referred to a single centre for genetic testing. Demographic, clinical and imaging data were recorded at baseline. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) were performed according to EACVI standards. Quantification of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was performed using the 5 SD quantitative threshold. Genotype was evaluated using a 16 gene panel in an accredited UK laboratory. Pathogenic and likely pathogenic variants were considered as a positive genotype. Serum hsTnI was measured by a two-site electrochemiluminescence immunoassay on a Roche E170 analyser. Normal values for the assay 0–34 ng/L for males and 0–16 ng/L for females.
Results
313 patients (n=200, 64% male) median age 57 (IQR 47–68) years were included. hsTnI concentration was abnormal in 69 (22%) patients. An abnormal hsTnI was more common in females (n=36, 32%) compared to males (n=33, 17%, c2 9.9, p<0.05). A pathogenic variant in a sarcomere gene was identified in 95 (30%) individuals. An abnormal hsTnI concentration was associated with higher left ventricular (LV) wall thickness (20mm v 18mm, p<0.05) and LV outflow tract (LVOT) gradient (34 v 22 mmHg) on echocardiography (n=313). Of the patients (n=204) who had a CMR, an abnormal hsTnI concentration was associated with higher LV mass (183 v 156g, p<0.05) and greater % LGE (30 v 16%, p<0.01, n=129). There was no difference in hsTnI between those with a positive or negative genotype. During follow-up, 18 patients died. Of the 9 patients that died with a normal hsTnI, two died suddenly.
Conclusions
In HCM, patients with abnormal hsTnI concentration have higher LV mass and LVOT gradient and more fibrosis. Whilst mortality is higher in those with abnormal hsTnI, sudden cardiac death may occur with a normal hsTnI. It may not be appropriate to extrapolate hsTnI sex-specific thresholds used in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction to HCM.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- J Osmanska
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Connelly
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - S Nordin
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - A Vega
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J Simpson
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J Anusas
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - I Findlay
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - C Coats
- NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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5
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Dressel A, Mkandawire E, Gondwe KW, Mkandawire-Valhmu L, Nordin S, Vilakazi N, Scheer V, Kako P, Ngui E, Neiman T, Ruiz A, Luebke J, Minjale P, Merriman A, Finch LK, Egede L. The intersection of food insecurity and health for rural Malawian women at the end of life. Int J Palliat Nurs 2020; 26:372-382. [DOI: 10.12968/ijpn.2020.26.7.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Background One of the poorest countries in the world, Malawi's palliative care system is under-resourced, and one-third of the population is food-insecure. Aims This study describes the lived experience of female palliative care patients, and their caregivers, and aimed to: (1) analyse their physical, spiritual and mental health needs; and (2) analyse best palliative nursing practice for patients at the end of life. An unexpected finding was the impact of food insecurity on the women and their caregivers. Methods We conducted interviews with 26 women who at the end of life and 14 of their caregivers. All were participating in a community palliative care programme offered by an AIDS support organisation in Kasungu, Malawi. We used deductive qualitative analysis to organise identified themes using the four pillars of food security: availability, access, utilisation and stability. Findings All study participants experienced challenges with food security. Conclusions We offer policy recommendations for palliative care nurses, and other allied health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Dressel
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of isconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, US
| | - Elizabeth Mkandawire
- Research Assistant, Institute for Food, Nutrition and Wellbeing, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Kaboni Whitney Gondwe
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of isconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, US
| | - Lucy Mkandawire-Valhmu
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of isconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, US
| | - Stacia Nordin
- Registered Dietitian, Never Ending Food, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Nokuthula Vilakazi
- Peninna Project Coordinator, Future Africa, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Victoria Scheer
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of isconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, US
| | - Peninnah Kako
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of isconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, US
| | - Emmanuel Ngui
- Associate Professor, Joseph J. Zilber School of Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, US
| | - Tammy Neiman
- Assistant Professor, College of Allied Health and Nursing, Minnesota State University, Mankato, US
| | - Ashley Ruiz
- Assistant Professor, College of Nursing, University of isconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, US
| | - Jeneile Luebke
- PhD Student, College of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, US
| | - Peter Minjale
- Founder and Coordinator, K2 Tigwirane Manja AIDS Support Organization (K2TASO), Kasungu, Malawi
| | - Anne Merriman
- Founder and Doctor, Hospice Africa Uganda, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Leonard Egede
- Director and Professor, Center for Advancing Population Science, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, US
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6
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Nordin S, Isbill J, Qamar Z. Nutrition Education for Sustainable Global Food Systems. J Nutr Educ Behav 2020; 52:213. [PMID: 32146973 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2020.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Stacia Nordin
- SNEB Division of International Nutrition Education (DINE) Past-Chair 2018/2019 Chitedze, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | | | - Zubaida Qamar
- DINE member, Assistant Professor of Nutrition and Dietetics, San Francisco State University (SFSU) San Francisco, CA
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Abstract
We aimed to examine the nature and extent of theory application in studies of built environment attributes and impact on adults in healthcare facilities. Many varied theories are described when providing the rationale for research into built environments in healthcare. Uncertainty exists around the right theory to frame a research question, alignment with measurement tools, and whether healthcare setting makes a difference. This poses challenges to researchers seeking to build the evidence base for built environment design that benefits patients and staff. Our multidisciplinary review team scoped the literature to determine how theories are used to inform research investigating the impact of the built environment of healthcare on adults. When researchers recorded theory at development of the study question, in data collection, and in data analysis/interpretation, we called this explicitly theory-based application. Synthesis occurred using a narrative approach. Overall, we found 17 diverse theories named in studies. Explicitly theory-based use occurred with eight theories, comprising 47% of all theories used. Five theories were named more frequently in studies out of all theories identified. In 20% of studies, theory was not used explicitly during the research inquiry. We argue that researchers must continue to strive toward explicit use of theories, similar to development of other health interventions that employ multifactorial components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle M Shannon
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Nordin
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
| | - J Bernhardt
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence in Stroke Rehabilitation and Brain Recovery, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Elf
- School of Education, Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden.,Division of Building Design, Department of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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8
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Bicho Augusto JA, Nordin S, Kozor R, Vijapurapu R, Knott K, Ramaswami U, Geberhiwot TD, Steeds RP, Baig S, Hughes D, Moon JC. P340Inflammatory cardiomyopathy in Fabry disease. Eur Heart J 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz747.0174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in α-galactosidase A. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has helped unveil the pathogenesis of Fabry cardiomyopathy: sphingolipid storage (low T1 mapping values), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and myocardial fibrosis with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) characteristically present in the basal inferolateral (BIFL) wall. Recent evidence has suggested that the LGE may be inflammation and oedema as part of this pathogenic process.
Purpose
To assess the presence of inflammation in patients with FD using T2 mapping (for oedema/inflammation) supported by blood troponin levels (showing myocyte death and by inference inflammation).
Methods
A multi-centre international study in gene positive FD patients using CMR and blood biomarkers. All participants underwent CMR at 1.5 T. Native T1 and T2 mapping were performed. The T1 mapping sequence was MOLLI with sampling scheme in seconds. LGE used a phase sensitive inversion recovery sequence. Global longitudinal 2D strain (GLS) values were obtained using feature tracking analysis. Blood high-sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) was measured on the same day.
Results
100 FD patients (age 43.8±1.3 years, 42% male) were included. 45% had LVH, 35% LGE. Low T1 mapping (normal <943ms) was found in 49% and 33% had high hsTnT values (normal <15ng/L). Mean T2 mapping values were 52.6±0.6ms in the BIFL wall and 49.5±0.3ms in the remote myocardium/septum (p<0.001, normal <53ms). T2 values in the BIFL wall were significantly higher among patients with LGE (58.2±6.1ms vs 49.2±3.1ms, p<0.001, Figure 1). In a per-segment analysis of 1600 segments, higher T2 values correlated positively with percentage of LGE per segment (r=0,262, p<0.001), T1 values (r=0,205, p<0.001), maximum wall thickness (r=0,253, p<0.001) and GLS values (r=0,212, p<0.001). HsTnT values were higher among patients with LGE (median of 31 vs 3ng/L in patients without LGE, p<0.001). There was a strong positive correlation between T2 values in the BIFL wall and ln(hsTnT) (r=0.776, p<0.001, Figure 2). The strongest predictor of increased hsTnT in multivariate analysis (age, sex, LVH, septum T1, T2 in the BIFL, GLS, LGE) was T2 in the BIFL wall (β=0.4, p=0.001).
Conclusions
Cardiac involvement in FD goes beyond storage (low T1 values). When LGE is present, this is almost always associated with a high T2 and troponin elevation supporting FD as a chronic inflammatory cardiomyopathy. Initial reports of LGE being fibrosis are too simplistic – LGE in FD appears to have a significant chronic inflammation/oedema component.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Nordin
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Kozor
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - R Vijapurapu
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Cardiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - K Knott
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - U Ramaswami
- Royal Free Hospital, Lysosomal Storage Disorder Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - T D Geberhiwot
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Cardiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - R P Steeds
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Cardiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - S Baig
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Department of Cardiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - D Hughes
- Royal Free Hospital, Lysosomal Storage Disorder Unit, London, United Kingdom
| | - J C Moon
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
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9
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Nickander J, Cole BR, Nordin S, Vijapurapu R, Steeds RP, Moon JC, Kellman P, Ugander M, Kozor R. P171Blood correction of native T1 increases detection of cardiac involvement in patients with fabry disease. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez117.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J Nickander
- Karolinska Institute, Clinical Physiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - B R Cole
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
| | - S Nordin
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Vijapurapu
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R P Steeds
- University of Birmingham, Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J C Moon
- University College London, Institute of Cardiovascular Science, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P Kellman
- National Institute of Health (Home), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, Washington, United States of America
| | - M Ugander
- Karolinska Institute, Clinical Physiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - R Kozor
- University of Sydney, Sydney Medical School, Sydney, Australia
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10
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Knott K, Augusto JB, Nordin S, Kozor R, Camaioni C, Xue H, Hughes RK, Manisty C, Brown LAE, Ramaswami U, Hughes D, Kellman P, Plein S, Moon JC. 304Quantitative perfusion mapping in Fabry disease. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez119.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Knott
- University College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J B Augusto
- University College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - S Nordin
- University College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Kozor
- University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - C Camaioni
- Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - H Xue
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - R K Hughes
- University College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Manisty
- University College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - L A E Brown
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - U Ramaswami
- Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - D Hughes
- University College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - P Kellman
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, United States of America
| | - S Plein
- University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J C Moon
- University College London, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Nordin S, Findlay I, Simpson J, Brockway C, Orchard V, Berry C, Coats C. P381Clinical utility of multiparametric CMR in the assessment of cardiac involvement in Becker muscular dystrophy with raised troponin levels. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez109.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Nordin
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - I Findlay
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - J Simpson
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Brockway
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - V Orchard
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Berry
- Golden Jubilee National Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Coats
- Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
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Baig S, Vijapurapu R, Alharbi F, Nordin S, Kozor R, Moon J, Bembi B, Geberhiwot T, Steeds RP. Diagnosis and treatment of the cardiovascular consequences of Fabry disease. QJM 2019; 112:3-9. [PMID: 29878206 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcy120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fabry disease (FD) has been a diagnostic challenge since it was first recognized in 1898, with patients traditionally suffering from considerable delay before a diagnosis is made. Cardiac involvement is the current leading cause of death in FD. A combination of improved enzyme assays, availability of genetic profiling, together with more organized clinical services for rare diseases, has led to a rapid growth in the prevalence of FD. The earlier and more frequent diagnosis of asymptomatic individuals before development of the phenotype has focussed attention on early detection of organ involvement and closer monitoring of disease progression. The high cost of enzyme replacement therapy at a time of constraint within many health economies, moreover, has challenged clinicians to target treatment effectively. This article provides an outline of FD for the general physician and summarizes the aetiology and pathology of FD, the cardiovascular consequences thereof, modalities used in diagnosis and then discusses current indications for treatment, including pharmacotherapy and device implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Baig
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R Vijapurapu
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - F Alharbi
- Central Military Laboratory and Blood Bank, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Nordin
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - R Kozor
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - J Moon
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, UK
| | - B Bembi
- Centre for Rare Diseases, AMC Hospital of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - T Geberhiwot
- Centre for Rare Diseases, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R P Steeds
- Department of Cardiology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Muehlhoff E, Wijesinha-Bettoni R, Westaway E, Jeremias T, Nordin S, Garz J. Linking agriculture and nutrition education to improve infant and young child feeding: Lessons for future programmes. Matern Child Nutr 2018; 13 Suppl 2. [PMID: 29032632 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.12411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture and food systems play a central role in nutrition by supplying nutritious, healthy and affordable foods. When integrated with nutrition education for behaviour change, agricultural interventions that supply diverse affordable foods from all food groups have great scope for improving young child and family diets. In 2014, process reviews were conducted in Cambodia and Malawi of food security projects that provided agricultural support and community-based nutrition education on improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF). In both countries, household visits were carried out with mothers/caregivers, and interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) were conducted with purposively selected project stakeholders (53 in Cambodia, 170 in Malawi), including government staff from the agriculture and health sectors. Results highlight that adoption of improved IYCF practices was facilitated by participation in nutrition education and practical cooking sessions, and supportive family and community structures. Barriers faced by families and caregivers were identified, such as women's workload and lack of access to high quality foods, namely fruits, vegetables, legumes, nuts and animal source foods. Implementation challenges regarding coordination of cross-sectoral targeting strategies and capacities of extension services to sustain community-based IYCF nutrition education need to be addressed to improve programme effectiveness and impact. The project lessons from Cambodia and Malawi are useful for integrated agriculture-IYCF nutrition education programmes to help ensure better young child nutrition outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Muehlhoff
- Formerly Nutrition and Food Systems Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | | | - Elizabeth Westaway
- Formerly Nutrition and Food Systems Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy
| | - Theresa Jeremias
- Formerly Nutrition and Food Systems Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.,CARE Germany-Luxemburg, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stacia Nordin
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.,Feed the Future Malawi Strengthening Agricultural and Nutrition Extension, Lilongwe, Malawi.,Formerly FAO Malawi, Lilongwe, Malawi
| | - Julia Garz
- Formerly Nutrition and Food Systems Division, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), Rome, Italy.,Plan International Germany, Hamburg, Germany
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Nordin S, McKee K, Wallinder M, von Koch L, Wijk H, Elf M. ENVIRONMENTAL DESIGN, ACTIVITY AND INTERACTION IN CARE FACILITIES FOR OLDER PEOPLE. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.1625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S. Nordin
- Department of Education, Health and Society, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden,
- Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,
| | - K. McKee
- Department of Education, Health and Society, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden,
| | - M. Wallinder
- Department of Education, Health and Society, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden,
| | | | - H. Wijk
- Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M. Elf
- Department of Education, Health and Society, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden,
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Lorentzen JC, Juran SA, Nilsson M, Nordin S, Johanson G. Chloroanisoles may explain mold odor and represent a major indoor environment problem in Sweden. Indoor Air 2016; 26:207-218. [PMID: 25858592 DOI: 10.1111/ina.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Indoor mold odor is associated with adverse health effects, but the microbial volatiles underlying mold odor are poorly described. Here, chloroanisoles were studied as potential key players, being formed by microbial metabolism of chlorophenols in wood preservatives. Using a three-stage approach, we (i) investigated the occurrence of chloroanisoles in buildings with indoor air quality problems, (ii) estimated their frequency in Sweden, and (iii) evaluated the toxicological risk of observed chloroanisole concentrations. Analyses of 499 building materials revealed several chloroanisole congeners in various types of buildings from the 1950s to 1970s. Evaluation of Swedish records from this time period revealed three coinciding factors, namely an unprecedented nationwide building boom, national regulations promoting wood preservatives instead of moisture prevention, and use of chlorophenols in these preservatives. Chlorophenols were banned in 1978, yet analysis of 457 indoor air samples revealed several chloroanisole congeners, but at median air levels generally below 15 ng/m(3) . Our toxicological evaluation suggests that these concentrations are not detrimental to human health per se, but sufficiently high to cause malodor. Thereby, one may speculate that chloroanisoles in buildings contribute to adverse health effects by evoking odor which, enhanced by belief of the exposure being hazardous, induces stress-related and inflammatory symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Lorentzen
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Work Environment Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Eurofins Pegasuslab AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S A Juran
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Work Environment Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Nilsson
- Eurofins Pegasuslab AB, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - S Nordin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - G Johanson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Work Environment Toxicology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wehling E, Lundervold A, Espeset T, Reinvang I, Bramerson A, Nordin S. Even cognitively well-functioning adults are unaware of their olfactory dysfunction: Implications for ENT clinicians and researchers. Rhinology 2015. [DOI: 10.4193/rhin14.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A reduced sense of smell may be one explanation for why patients with cancer in the ear, nose and throat (ENT) region who are treated with radiation therapy lose weight. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether radiation therapy has a negative effect on olfactory function and, if so, whether this effect is dose-related. METHODOLOGY Seventy-one patients were tested using odour-detection sensitivity and olfactory identification tests before radiation therapy and 20 months after it. RESULTS Patients who received radiation close to the olfactory organ showed a reduced sense of smell, in both tests. A multiple regression analysis showed that the radiation dose was related to decline in the olfactory function, while age, sex, chemotherapy and interactions between these variables were not. CONCLUSION Radiation therapy can damage olfactory cells.
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Jamaluddin S, Sulaiman AR, Imran MK, Juhara H, Ezane MA, Nordin S. Reliability and accuracy of the tape measurement method with a nearest reading of 5 mm in the assessment of leg length discrepancy. Singapore Med J 2011; 52:681-4. [PMID: 21947147 DOI: pmid/21947147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study was to determine the reliability and accuracy of the tape measurement method (TMM) with a nearest reading of 5 mm in assessing leg length discrepancy (LLD). METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted on 35 patients with LLD and 13 patients without LLD. Two blinded surgeons measured the lower limbs from the anterior superior iliac spine to the medial malleolus using TMM with a nearest reading of 5 mm. Computed tomography (CT) scanograms of the lower limbs of 22 patients were conducted by two blinded radiologists. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95 percent confidence interval was calculated to assess the interobserver reliability of TMM. The accuracy of TMM was assessed by comparison with CT as the gold standard. RESULTS The interobserver reliability of LLD measurement using both TMM and CT scanogram was high, with ICCs of 0.924 and 0.971, respectively. No significant mean difference on paired sample t-test was observed for both TMM and CT scanogram. Compared to CT scanogram, TMM had good accuracy, with an ICC of 0.805. When the mean TMM readings by two observers were compared to those derived from CT scanogram, the ICC was found to be 0.847, with a mean difference of 1.95 (range -3.17 to 7.07) mm. CONCLUSION There was excellent agreement in the LLD measurements between the two surgeons using TMM, between the two radiologists using CT sonogram, and between the TMM and CT measurements. This study showed that one TMM with the nearest reading of 5 mm was reliable and accurate in measuring LLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jamaluddin
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu 16150, Malaysia
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20
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Mimi O, Tong S, Nordin S, Teng C, Khoo E, Abdul-Rahman A, Zailinawati A, Lee V, Chen W, Shihabudin W, Noridah M, Fauziah Z. A comparison of morbidity patterns in public and private primary care clinics in malaysia. Malays Fam Physician 2011; 6:19-25. [PMID: 25606215 PMCID: PMC4267011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the morbidity patterns in public and private primary care clinics; determine patients' reasons for encounter (RFE) and diagnoses using the ICPC-2, and compare ten commonest diagnoses and RFEs. METHODS A cross-sectional study on randomly selected clinics was conducted nationwide. Doctors completed the Patient Encounter Record (PER) for systematically selected encounters for a week. RESULTS Response rate was 82.0% (public clinic) and 33% (private clinic) with 4262 encounters and 7280 RFE. Overall, the three commonest disease categories encountered were respiratory (37.2%), general and unspecified (29.5%), and cardiovascular diseases (22.2%). Public and private clinics handled 27% versus 50% acute cases and 20.0% versus 3.1% chronic cases i.e. 33.7 and 5.6 chronic diseases per 100 RFE respectively. CONCLUSION Doctors in public clinics saw more chronic and complex diseases as well as pregnancy related complaints and follow-up cases while in private clinics more acute and minor illnesses were seen. Health services should be integrated and support given to co-manage chronic diseases in both sectors.
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Olsson P, Ehnhage A, Nordin S, Stjarne P. Quality of life is improved by endoscopic surgery and fluticasone in nasal polyposis with asthma. Rhinology 2010; 48:325-30. [PMID: 21038024 DOI: 10.4193/rhino09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim was to investigate the health impact of nasal polyposis with asthma and to study effects of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), and addition of fluticasone propionate nasal drops (FPND), on health related quality of life (HRQoL). METHODS Prospective study of 68 patients with nasal polyposis and asthma. Effects were measured with Study 36-Item Short Form (SF-36). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled 14-weeks phase measuring additive effects of FPND 400 µg twice daily (b.i.d.) was included. RESULTS HRQoL was significantly decreased in both Physical Component Summary, PCS, (45 vs 48, p=0.049) and Mental Component Summary, MCS, (43 vs 51, p<0.001) vs reference population. ESS significantly improved PCS, (p=0.027) and MCS (p=0.021) after five weeks. We found significant additional benefit of FPND on three domains (RP, p=0.002; VT, p=0.007; SF, p=0.002). The increase in HRQoL with FPND reached reference population levels in all domains, as well as in both PCS (50, p=0.003) and MCS (52, p=0.002), five weeks after ESS. CONCLUSIONS FPND 400 µg b.i.d. can be added to ESS in order to improve, and to reach population levels of, HRQoL already five weeks post-ESS. Physicians should evaluate HRQoL and consider ESS with nasal steroids early in their treatment of these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Olsson
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Olsson P, Ehnhage A, Nordin S, Stjarne P. Quality of life is improved by endoscopic surgery and fluticasone in nasal polyposis with asthma. Rhinology 2010. [DOI: 10.4193/rhin09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Stenlund T, Lidén E, Andersson K, Garvill J, Nordin S. Annoyance and health symptoms and their influencing factors: a population-based air pollution intervention study. Public Health 2009; 123:339-45. [PMID: 19344922 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2008.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2008] [Revised: 11/13/2008] [Accepted: 12/16/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interventions for reducing air pollution are important means for improving public health. The role of psychological factors in understanding annoyance and health symptoms due to air pollution is limited and further investigation is required. This study aimed to investigate the effects of an intervention to reduce air pollution (predominantly dust and soot) with respect to perceived pollution, risk perception, annoyance and health symptoms. Another objective was to test a model that describes inter-relations between air pollution, perceived pollution, health risk perception, annoyance and health symptoms. STUDY DESIGN An interventional, population-based questionnaire study. METHODS Surveys were performed before (pre-test) and after (post-test) closure of a sinter plant. Instead, pellets were shipped to the community's harbour for steel production. Individuals in the community aged 18-75 years were selected at random for participation in the pre-test (n=738; 74% of the sample participated) and post-test (n=684; 68% of the sample participated). The two samples were representative of the populations at the two points in time, and thus not identical. RESULTS After the sinter plant was closed, the environment was perceived as being less dusty, the residents were more positive in their risk perception, and they reported less annoyance due to dust, soot and odorous substances. No difference was found for health symptoms between the pre-test and the post-test. Based on path analyses, a model is proposed of inter-relations between air pollution, perceived pollution, health risk perception, annoyance and health symptoms. CONCLUSION The intervention was successful with respect to perceived dust and soot pollution; to annoyance attributed to dust, soot and odorous substances; and to risk perception. The path analyses suggest that perceived pollution and health risk perception play important roles in understanding and predicting environmentally induced annoyance and health symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stenlund
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Sweden
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Claeson AS, Nordin S, Sunesson AL. Effects on perceived air quality and symptoms of exposure to microbially produced metabolites and compounds emitted from damp building materials. Indoor Air 2009; 19:102-112. [PMID: 19077173 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2008.00566.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This work investigated perceived air quality and health effects from exposure to low to high levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from damp building materials and a mixture of molds growing on the materials. A mixture of Wallemia sebi, Fusarium culmorum, Penicillium chrysogenum, Ulocladium botrytis, and Aspergillus versicolor was inoculated on pine wood and particle board. In Study 1, each of 27 participants took part in two exposure conditions, one with air from molds growing on building materials (low levels of emissions from the building materials and the mold mixture) and one with blank air, both conditions during 60 min. In Study 2, each of 24 participants was exposed (10 min) four times in a 2 x 2 design randomly to air from moldy building materials (high levels) and blank, with and without nose-clip. The participants rated air quality and symptoms before, during, and after each exposure. Self-reported tear-film break-up time and attention and processing speed (Study 1) was also measured. Exposure to high VOC levels increased the reports of perceived poor air quality, and in the condition without nose-clip enhanced skin symptoms were also noted. No such outcome was observed when exposing the participants to low VOC levels. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Emissions from building materials caused by dampness and microbial growth may be involved in indoor air health problems. This study showed that exposure to high levels of VOC emitted from damp building materials and a mixture of mold may cause perceived poor air quality. It also indicated that stimulation of chemical warning systems (the nasal chemosensory part of the trigeminal system and the olfactory system) may enhance skin symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A-S Claeson
- National Institute for Working Life, Umeå, Sweden
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Landis BN, Welge-Luessen A, Brämerson A, Bende M, Mueller CA, Nordin S, Hummel T. “Taste Strips” – A rapid, lateralized, gustatory bedside identification test based on impregnated filter papers. J Neurol 2009; 256:242-8. [DOI: 10.1007/s00415-009-0088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2008] [Revised: 07/19/2008] [Accepted: 08/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sulaiman AR, Nordin S, Faisham WI, Zulmi W, Halim AS. Residual nonunion following vascularised fibular graft treatment for congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia: a report of two cases. J Orthop Surg (Hong Kong) 2006; 14:64-6. [PMID: 16598090 DOI: 10.1177/230949900601400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resection and reconstruction using a vascularised fibular graft is a viable alternative treatment for congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia, although distal junctional nonunion and residual deformity are known complications that are difficult to treat. We illustrate 2 cases in which bony union was achieved following a technique using fibular grafting and intramedullary nailing, without additional bone grafting. This technique was feasible because of hypertrophy of the fibular graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Sulaiman
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Johansson A, Brämerson A, Millqvist E, Nordin S, Bende M. Prevalence and risk factors for self-reported odour intolerance: the Skövde population-based study. Int Arch Occup Environ Health 2005; 78:559-64. [PMID: 16001204 DOI: 10.1007/s00420-005-0616-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2004] [Accepted: 10/25/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of odour intolerance in adults with respect to both self-reported general intolerance and affective and behavioural consequences. Furthermore, we aimed to relate odour intolerance to explanatory variables and risk factors. METHOD This is a cross-sectional, population-based epidemiological study. A random sample of 1900 inhabitants from the age of 20, stratified for age and gender, were recruited. Subjects were invited for clinical examinations that included questions about general odour intolerance, respiratory symptoms and smoking habits, as well as a smell identification test. The chemical sensitivity scale for sensory hyperreactivity (CSS-SHR) was used to quantify affective and behavioural consequences. RESULTS In total 1387 volunteers (73% of the sample) were investigated. The overall prevalence of self-reported general odour intolerance was 33% (95% confidence interval (CI): 30-36%), with problems mainly from the upper respiratory tract. The prevalence of affective and behavioural consequences of odour intolerance (CSS-SHR score > or =43) was 19% (95% CI: 15-22%). The risk for the latter condition was increased in women compared with men (odds ratio = 2.3: 95% CI: 1.5-3.6), but no increased risk was found related to current smoking or impaired sense of smell. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that intolerance to odours is a widespread problem in society, and that it is about twice as common in women than in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Johansson
- Department of Lung, Central Hospital, 54185 Skövde, Sweden
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Sulaiman AS, Nordin S. Measurement of patellar thickness in relation to patellar resurfacing. Med J Malaysia 2005; 60 Suppl C:41-4. [PMID: 16381282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Patellar thickness is an important consideration for resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. A patella of 25 mm in thickness is not suitable for resurfacing using the currently available total knee systems. A cross sectional study on patellar thickness using plain radiographs was undertaken on 56 patients. It was observed that the average thickness of the bony part of the patella was 20.05 mm (range 17-23 mm). The actual thickness of cartilage varies from 2.0 to 5.5 mm (mean 3.2 mm). Thus the mean thickness of the patella was 23.2 mm (range 20.2-26.2 mm). The majority of our patients (73%) had patellar thickness of 24 mm or less. The patellar thickness had a significant correlation with the patient's height (R=0.5). Since the majority of our patients have thin patella, we are of the opinion that majority of our patients are not suitable for patellar resurfacing.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Sulaiman
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Nordin S, Broman DA, Garvill J, Nyroos M. Gender differences in factors affecting rejection of food in healthy young Swedish adults. Appetite 2004; 43:295-301. [PMID: 15527932 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2004.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2002] [Accepted: 07/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
With the objectives to better understand gender-related differences in variables of importance for food intake, and interrelations between these variables, 100 healthy, young women and 100 healthy, young men responded to self-administrated questionnaires about general food rejection, learned illness-associated food aversions, disgust (the Disgust Scale), food neophobia (the Food Neophobia Scale), nausea and appetite. The results show that food rejection and aversions were more common in women (69 and 38%, respectively) than in men (47 and 18%), and that women are more disgust sensitive than men. However, no differences between women and men were observed regarding reasons for rejecting food (predominantly sensory attributes), prevalence of gastrointestinal illness as an associated aversion symptom (95 vs 89%), type of aversive food due to associated illness (predominantly high protein items), or food neophobia. Based on path analyses, a model is proposed of interrelations between disgust, food neophobia, learned food aversions, nausea, appetite, and general food rejection in healthy young adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nordin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
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Nordin S, Brämerson A, Murphy C, Bende M. A Scandinavian adaptation of the Multi-Clinic Smell and Taste Questionnaire: evaluation of questions about olfaction. Acta Otolaryngol 2003; 123:536-42. [PMID: 12809108 DOI: 10.1080/00016480310001411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A Scandinavian adaptation of the Multi-Clinic Smell and Taste Questionnaire (MCSTQ-Sc) was evaluated with respect to comprehension and test-retest reliability for responses to questions about olfactory dysfunction (abnormal sensitivity, parosmia and phantosmia) and related questions about medical history and consequences of olfactory dysfunction. MATERIAL AND METHODS Comprehension was evaluated in a first study in 20 patients with chief complaints of olfactory dysfunction by comparing questionnaire- and interview-based responses. Test-retest reliability was evaluated in a second study in 30 other patients with olfactory complaints. RESULTS Data from the two studies suggest that the vast majority of the questions evaluated from the MCSTQ-Sc are comprehensible and generate responses with very good reliability. Distinct exceptions were poor agreement between the questionnaire- and interview-based responses for questions about the number of cigarettes smoked and the pleasantness and typical episode length of phantosmia; the test-retest reliability regarding the nostril side of phantosmia also showed poor agreement. The results suggest the importance of probing these areas further in the clinical interview. CONCLUSION The findings imply that, with a few caveats, the MCSTQ-Sc is a useful tool for the clinical assessment of olfactory dysfunction and its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nordin
- Department of Psychology Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Nordin S, Nyroos M, Maunuksela E, Niskanen T, Tuorila H. Applicability of the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test: a Finnish-Swedish comparison. Acta Otolaryngol 2002; 122:294-7. [PMID: 12030577 DOI: 10.1080/000164802753648187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The possibility of using the Scandinavian Odor Identification Test (SOIT), developed for clinical purposes for use with Swedish subjects, for assessment of another northern European population was studied by comparing test performance between 127 Finnish and 127 Swedish participants, who were matched for age (19-85 years) and gender. The results showed very similar performance between countries and demonstrated, as expected, age- and gender-related differences in performance. Test-retest reliability was as good in Finnish as in Swedish subgroups of participants and no significant difference between countries in terms of diagnostic distribution (normosmia, hyposmia and anosmia) was found when using existing cut-off scores. The findings suggest that the SOIT, with its diagnostic cut-off scores, is reliable and valid for use with Finnish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nordin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Sweden.
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Nordin S, Aidura M, Razak S, Faisham WI. Controversies in congenital clubfoot : literature review. Malays J Med Sci 2002; 9:34-40. [PMID: 22969316 PMCID: PMC3436098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2001] [Revised: 12/20/2001] [Accepted: 02/20/2002] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite common occurrence, congenital talipes equinovarus (clubfoot) is still a subject of controversy. It poses a significant problem with its unpredictable outcome, especially when the presentation for treatment is late. The true etiology remains unknown although many theories have been put forward. A standard management scheme is difficult as there is no uniformity in the pathoanatomy, classification and radiographic evaluation. These differ according to the age of the child and the severity of the condition. The paper discusses these controversies with an emphasis on the proposed etiologies and types of treatment performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Nordin
- Department of Orthopaedic, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - M. Aidura
- Department of Orthopaedic, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - S. Razak
- Department of Orthopaedic, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - WI. Faisham
- Department of Orthopaedic, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Nordin S, Ros MD, Faisham WI. Clinical measurement of longitudinal femoral overgrowth following fracture in children. Singapore Med J 2001; 42:563-5. [PMID: 11989577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
We have studied residual limb length inequality following femoral shaft fractures in 62 children. From 61.2% of the children who had shortening of more than 1 cm at union, 34.21% still maintained the shortening at the completion of study. The longitudinal femoral overgrowth occurred significantly during the first 18 months of the fracture in 77.4% of the children, with an average of 1.17 cm. Children with proximal-third fractures and those who sustained the fractures before eight years of age have higher capability to correct the limb length disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nordin
- Department of Orthopaedic, School of Medical Science, HUSM, Kelantan, Malaysia.
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Nordin S, Zulkifli O, Faisham WI. Mechanical failure of Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) fixation in intertrochanteric fracture of the femur. Med J Malaysia 2001; 56 Suppl D:12-7. [PMID: 14569760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
We studied 60 intertrochanteric fractures of the femur fixed with Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS). There were 10 cases (16.7%) with cutting-out of device through femoral head and neck. Stable fracture pattern, postero-inferior and central position of screw in the femoral neck and head produced high percentage of good result, whereas anterior or superior position of screw produced higher incidence of cut-out. We found osteoporosis and distance of screw tip to subchondral bone to have no influence on the final outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nordin
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Science, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan
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Abstract
This study investigated differences in olfactory cognitive functions, in 40 healthy young right-handed participants, with respect to side of rhinal stimulation. The targeted functions were: perceived familiarity, episodic recognition memory, free identification and repetition priming in identification. The results showed that odors presented to the right nostril were rated as more familiar than odors presented to the left nostril and also showed significant effects of repetition priming in identification. However, no differences were found between nostrils in episodic recognition memory or free identification. These latter results indicate a rather extensive inter-hemispheric interaction in higher-order cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Broman
- Department of Psychology, Ume University, Sweden.
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Faisham WI, Nordin S, Aidura M. Bacteriological study and its role in the management of open tibial fracture. Med J Malaysia 2001; 56:201-6. [PMID: 11771081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Sixty percent of open fracture wounds are contaminated at the time of injury. Despite that, the necessity for sequential multiple cultures and sensitivity studies for open fractures and their interpretation are still controversial. Predebridement, intraoperative, postoperative swabs and swabs in established infection for culture and sensitivity study were taken in 33 open tibial fractures over a 6 months period. 39.3% of predebridement swabs grew bacteria with the majority yielding gram-positive organism. None of the patients developed infection with similar organisms. 24.2% of the postoperative swabs grew bacteria, of which 75% were gram-negative. 50% of the patients with positive postoperative swabs developed infection. Thus, the role of sequential multiple cultures and sensitivity studies are not helpful in management of open fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- W I Faisham
- Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medical Science HUSM, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan
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Panchanathan V, Kumar S, Yeap W, Devi S, Ismail R, Sarijan S, Sam SM, Jusoh Z, Nordin S, Leboulleux D, Pang T. Comparison of safety and immunogenicity of a Vi polysaccharide typhoid vaccine with a whole-cell killed vaccine in Malaysian Air Force recruits. Bull World Health Organ 2001; 79:811-7. [PMID: 11584728 PMCID: PMC2566659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To carry out a comparative study of the safety and immunogenicity of Vi polysaccharide vaccine against whole-cell killed (WCK) typhoid vaccine. METHODS The study was carried out on young adult recruits (aged 18-25 years) of the Malaysian Air Force. A total of 125 subjects received the Vi polysaccharide vaccine and 114 received the WCK vaccine. FINDINGS The Vi vaccine was significantly less reactogenic than the WCK vaccine with regard to systemic and local reactions. Following administration of the Vi vaccine, seroconversion rates (defined as the percentage of subjects with a 4-fold rise of baseline antibody level) of 75.5% and 67% were observed at 2 weeks and 6 weeks, respectively, after immunization, compared with 25% and 31.3% among recipients of the WCK vaccine. Of the 110 Vi vaccinees with serological data, 21 (19%) had high, seroprotective, pre-immunization levels of anti-Vi antibodies (> or = 1 microgram/ml). The majority of subjects in this group came from a region in Malaysia which is known to have high typhoid endemicity. Interestingly, these antibody levels were boosted considerably following administration of vaccine at a level that was 5-fold higher than in subjects with low pre-immunization levels. In contrast, the seroconversion rates in those receiving the Vi vaccine were higher in subjects with low pre-immunization levels of anti-Vi antibodies (76-84%), compared to those with protective levels of > or = 1 microgram/ml prior to immunization (48-57%). CONCLUSIONS The study reaffirms the safety and efficacy of the Vi polysaccharide vaccine and identifies a hitherto unrecognized advantage in its use, i.e. it is a potent immunogen that boosted considerably the protective antibody levels among a significant number of immunologically sensitized individuals living in typhoid-endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Panchanathan
- Institute of Postgraduate Studies and Research, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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Murphy C, Morgan CD, Geisler MW, Wetter S, Covington JW, Madowitz MD, Nordin S, Polich JM. Olfactory event-related potentials and aging: normative data. Int J Psychophysiol 2000; 36:133-45. [PMID: 10742568 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8760(99)00107-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Unlike the clinical usages of evoked potentials (e.g. brain stem auditory evoked potentials for the assessment of auditory function), normative data for the olfactory event-related potential (OERP) have been unavailable. The principal objective was to establish normative data across the human life span for OERPs with a given set of parameters. Participants were 140 persons from seven age groups (16-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69 and 70-79 years of age), with equal numbers of males and females, screened for nasal health and dementia. The odor stimulus was amyl acetate, presented at nasal temperature in a humidified airstream delivered by an air-dilution olfactometer at a constant flow rate, using a 60-s inter-stimulus interval. OERPs were recorded at Fz, Cz, and Pz electrode sites, amplified and averaged over trials. Amplitudes of the N1/P2 and P3 and latencies of the P2 and P3 were analyzed. Processing speed decreased at a constant rate over decades for the sensory (P2 latency) as well as cognitive (P3 latency) components. Decline in amplitude over decades was also apparent. Normative data will be useful in research on olfactory function and in clinical assessment of olfactory functional status.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Murphy
- San Diego State University, 6363 Alvarado Ct., Suite 101, San Diego, CA 92120-4913, USA.
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Nordin S, Quiñonez C, Morgan CD, Geisler MW, Polich J, Murphy C. Olfactory event-related potentials in young and elderly adults: evaluation of tracking task versus eyes open/closed recording. Chem Senses 1999; 24:459-64. [PMID: 10480682 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/24.4.459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate olfactory event-related potentials (OERPs) elicited by amyl acetate from subjects performing a visuomotor tracking task compared with the no-task conditions of eyes open and eyes closed. Task condition did not produce any reliable effects for any amplitude measure. Task type weakly influenced only P2 latency. Elder adults evinced smaller P2 and N1/P2 amplitudes and longer N1 and P2 latencies than young adults. The results suggest that tracking task performance is not necessary to obtain robust OERPs from normal subjects of a wide age range.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nordin
- San Diego State University, CA, USA
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Chan A, Salmon D, Nordin S, Murphy C, Razani J. Abnormality of semantic network in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Evidence from verbal, perceptual, and olfactory domains. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1998; 855:681-5. [PMID: 9929671 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb10645.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of studies was initiated to model the organization of semantic memory in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients using multidimensional scaling (MDS) and Pathfinder analyses. The resulting models (cognitive maps or semantic networks) embed studied stimuli in a coordinate space or network where distances between points are assumed to reflect psychological proximity between items. The organization of semantic networks in verbal and sensory domains were modeled based upon the frequency of the subject's choice of two concepts as most alike. Results suggested that while the organization of concepts in the semantic networks of AD patients was primarily based upon a concrete perceptual dimension in both verbal and olfactory domains, those of normal controls subjects were predominantly organized by an abstract conceptual attribute. Also, networks of AD patients were more complex and chaotic than normal, that is, they consisted of more unnecessary connections and of atypical strengths of association between concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Chan
- Department of Psychology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
The ability in normal elderly to verbally recall previously presented odors and to learn this task across trials was studied by applying a design which compared performance on the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) with an analogous odor test. Results suggest that both immediate and delayed recall of odors, both free and cued, as well as the ability to learn across trials is impaired in normal aging, perhaps more so for olfaction than for audition, which can be referred to poor use of semantic-clustering strategies and poor identification. Olfactory decline in memory in normal aging is, however, far from as affected as in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Two studies of persons with questionable AD demonstrated significant deficits in both recognition memory and identification of odors. Although further research is required, the findings from these 'pre-clinical' cases imply that performance on olfactory-mediated tasks may contribute to early diagnosis of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nordin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Sweden.
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Murphy C, Morgan C, Geisler M, Wetter S, Covington J, Madowitz M, Nordin S, Polich J. 93 Olfactory event-related potentials in aging and dementia. Int J Psychophysiol 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8760(98)90093-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
The Scandinavian Odor-Identification Test (SOIT) was developed to address the need for a culturally valid odor-identification test for clinical use on the Scandinavian population that (i) has good ability to generalize performance to olfactory status, (ii) assesses olfactory and trigeminal function separately, (iii) requires only limited cognitive demands, (iv) has normative data and good sensitivity and specificity, and (v) is fast, easy to administer and inexpensive. Sixteen odorous test stimuli were selected that were relatively identifiable, familiar, strong in intensity and pleasant according to healthy participants. Four response alternatives were then selected for each test stimulus based on a confusion matrix of identification rates obtained from healthy participants, in a manner that controlled for task difficulty. Results on the SOIT from healthy persons and hyposmic patients showed satisfactory test-retest reliability, split-half reliability and validity. Cut-off scores for olfactory diagnosis (normosmia, hyposmia, anosmia) based on normative data obtained from 171 healthy persons showed a satisfactory sensitivity and specificity of the SOIT. Assessment of 22 anosmic patients with the SOIT revealed that three of the test stimuli were significant trigeminal stimulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nordin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Sweden
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Abstract
Interrelations between intranasal detection sensitivity for odor (H2S) and pain (CO2), nasal-airway volume (acoustic rhinometry), and body temperature were studied in young, healthy men across the diurnal cycle. The results showed a weak but statistically significant negative correlation between nasal volume and odor threshold and a weak but positive correlation between body temperature and odor threshold.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nordin
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Sweden
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Lidén E, Nordin S, Högman L, Ulander A, Deniz F, Gunnarsson AG. Assessment of odor annoyance and its relationship to stimulus concentration and odor intensity. Chem Senses 1998; 23:113-7. [PMID: 9530976 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/23.1.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- E Lidén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Orebro Medical Center Hospital, Sweden.
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Abstract
By having professional wine tasters and controls perform olfactory tasks of absolute detection (1-butanol), discrimination (lemon and cloves), and identification (common household odors), the present two experiments studied (a) if perceptual odor learning takes place from odor experience acquired under nonlaboratory conditions, (b) if this learning generalizes to odors for which experience is limited, and (c) if generalized learning can be referred to increased general interest for odors that increases attention to odorous features. The results showed that whereas wine tasters were not better than controls on detection, they were superior to controls on discrimination and identification, the latter due to only a few odors. Ratings of experience with certain odors during professional evaluation suggest that generalized perceptual learning may take place in discrimination but not in identification. Wine tasters did not show more general interest for odorous features than did controls. The nonsuperiority in detection may be explained by the fact wine tasters have no professional experience of a detection task per se, implying that perceptual odor learning does not generalize from the olfactory tasks of discrimination and identification to detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bende
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Central Hospital, Skövde, Sweden
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Lötsch J, Nordin S, Hummel T, Murphy C, Kobal G. Chronobiology of nasal chemosensitivity: do odor or trigeminal pain thresholds follow a circadian rhythm? Chem Senses 1997; 22:593-8. [PMID: 9363358 DOI: 10.1093/chemse/22.5.593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Odor and trigeminal pain thresholds were studied four times each at 24:00, 04:00, 08:00, 12:00, 16:00 and 20:00 h in randomized order on different days in five healthy male volunteers. No circadian rhythm of olfactory or trigeminal thresholds were observed. However, the variability of odor, but not pain thresholds, increased from 04:00 h (thresholds between 0.4 and 1.2 p.p.m.) to 16:00 h (thresholds between 0.1 and 2 p.p.m.). It is hypothesized that environmental influences contribute to this increase in variance.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lötsch
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether odor detection sensitivity for pyridine, suggested by previous research not to be affected, is impaired in Alzheimer disease (AD) and whether an association exists between odor threshold and both degree of dementia and rate of dementia progression in AD. METHOD The method of constant stimuli was used to determine odor thresholds for pyridine in 18 patients with AD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, Revised and National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association criteria) and 16 healthy elderly control subjects. All participants were carefully examined with medical and neuropsychological tests. RESULTS Six patients with AD but none of the controls were anosmic (total olfactory loss) to pyridine, and the 12 nonanosmic patients had significantly higher detection thresholds (50% probability for detection, 323 parts per billion [ppb]) than did the controls (50% probability for detection, 105 ppb). In addition, an association was found between odor threshold and both degree of dementia and rate of dementia progression in AD. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to previous findings, our results provide evidence that odor sensitivity in AD is impaired for pyridine. Odor sensitivity, in addition to other suggested predictors of progression rate, may be of interest for defining subgroups of AD or for clinical prognostic judgments of single patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nordin
- Department of Psychology, Stockholm University, Sweden
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Abstract
use of an odor learning test and the California Verbal Learning Test in young and elderly adults enabled comparison of age-related effects on recall and recognition memory. Assessment of odor identification further enabled study of which odor function (recall, identification, recognition) is most affected by aging, the odor functions' interrelationships, and predictors of odor recall. Results suggested that both recall and recognition were significantly affected by aging and that the odor-recall decline cannot simply be referred to poor identification. Very similar age-related effect sizes were found for the 3 types of odor functions. Finally, the combined ability to encode, store, and retrieve odors appears to predict overall recall performance (including its identification component) better than do identification and recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Murphy
- Department of Psychology, College of Sciences, San Diego State University, California 92182-1863, USA
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