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Qin W, Wei SP, Zheng Y, Choi E, Li X, Johnston J, Wan X, Abrahamson B, Flinkstrom Z, Wang B, Li H, Hou L, Tao Q, Chlouber WW, Sun X, Wells M, Ngo L, Hunt KA, Urakawa H, Tao X, Wang D, Yan X, Wang D, Pan C, Weber PK, Jiang J, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Stahl DA, Ward BB, Mayali X, Martens-Habbena W, Winkler MKH. Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea exhibit differential nitrogen source preferences. Nat Microbiol 2024; 9:524-536. [PMID: 38297167 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01593-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms (AOM) contribute to one of the largest nitrogen fluxes in the global nitrogen budget. Four distinct lineages of AOM: ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), beta- and gamma-proteobacterial ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (β-AOB and γ-AOB) and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox), are thought to compete for ammonia as their primary nitrogen substrate. In addition, many AOM species can utilize urea as an alternative energy and nitrogen source through hydrolysis to ammonia. How the coordination of ammonia and urea metabolism in AOM influences their ecology remains poorly understood. Here we use stable isotope tracing, kinetics and transcriptomics experiments to show that representatives of the AOM lineages employ distinct regulatory strategies for ammonia or urea utilization, thereby minimizing direct substrate competition. The tested AOA and comammox species preferentially used ammonia over urea, while β-AOB favoured urea utilization, repressed ammonia transport in the presence of urea and showed higher affinity for urea than for ammonia. Characterized γ-AOB co-utilized both substrates. These results reveal contrasting niche adaptation and coexistence patterns among the major AOM lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qin
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Stephany P Wei
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yue Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Eunkyung Choi
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Xiangpeng Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | | | - Xianhui Wan
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Britt Abrahamson
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Zachary Flinkstrom
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Baozhan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanyan Li
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Lei Hou
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Qing Tao
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Wyatt W Chlouber
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Xin Sun
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Michael Wells
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Long Ngo
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Kristopher A Hunt
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Hidetoshi Urakawa
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies, Florida Gulf Coast University, Fort Myers, FL, USA
| | - Xuanyu Tao
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Dongyu Wang
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Dazhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Chongle Pan
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Peter K Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jizhong Zhou
- School of Biological Sciences, Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA
| | - Yao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - David A Stahl
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Bess B Ward
- Department of Geosciences, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Xavier Mayali
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, USA
| | - Willm Martens-Habbena
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, Fort Lauderdale Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Davie, FL, USA.
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Wei SP, Stensel HD, Ziels RM, Herrera S, Lee PH, Winkler MKH. Partitioning of nutrient removal contribution between granules and flocs in a hybrid granular activated sludge system. Water Res 2021; 203:117514. [PMID: 34407486 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sludge granulation in continuous-flow systems is an emerging technology to intensify existing activated sludge infrastructure for nutrient removal. In these systems, the nutrient removal contributions and partitioning of microbial functions between granules and flocs can offer insights into process implementations. To this end, a reactor system that simulates the continuous-flow environment using an equal amount of initial granule and floc biomass was investigated. The two operational strategies for maintaining granule growth in the continuous-flow system were (a) the higher solids retention time (SRT) for the granules versus flocs, as well as (b) selective feeding of carbon to the granules. The SRT of the large granule fractions (>425 µm, LG) and floc/small granule fractions (<425 µm, FSG) were controlled at 20 and 2.7-6.0 days, respectively. Long term operation of the hybrid granule/floc system achieved high PO43- and NH4+ removal efficiencies. Higher polyphosphate-accumulating organisms (PAO) activity was observed in the FSG than LG, while ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) activities were similar in the two biomass fractions. Nitrite shunt was observed in the FSG, possibly due to out-competition by the high NOB activity in LG. More importantly, washing out the FSG caused a reduction in LG's AOB and PAO activity, indicating a possible dependency of LG on FSG for maintaining its nutrient removal capacity. Our findings highlighted the partitioning and potential competition/cooperation of key microbial functional groups between LG and FSG, facilitating nutrient removal in a hybrid granular activated sludge system, as well as implications for practical application of the treatment platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany P Wei
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - H David Stensel
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Ryan M Ziels
- University of British Columbia, Department of Civil Engineering, Vancouver BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Stephanie Herrera
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Po-Heng Lee
- Imperial College London, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Skempton Building, South Kensington Campus, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
| | - Mari-K H Winkler
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Wei SP, Nguyen Quoc B, Shapiro M, Chang PH, Calhoun J, Winkler MKH. Application of aerobic kenaf granules for biological nutrient removal in a full-scale continuous flow activated sludge system. Chemosphere 2021; 271:129522. [PMID: 33450421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a biofilm technology that offers more treatment capacity in comparison to activated sludge. The integration of AGS into existing continuous-flow activated sludge systems is of great interest as process intensification can be achieved without the use of plastic-based biofilm carriers. Such integration should allow good separation of granules/flocs and ideally with minor retrofitting, making it an ongoing challenge. This study utilized an all-organic media carrier made of porous kenaf plant stalks with high surface areas to facilitate biofilm attachment and granule development. A 5-stage Bardenpho plant was upgraded with the addition of kenaf media and a rotary drum screen to retain the larger particles from the secondary clarifier underflow whereas flocs were selectively wasted. Startup took 5 months with a sludge volume index (SVI) reduction from >200 to 50 mL g-1. Most of the kenaf granules fell in the size range of 600-1400 μm and had a clear biofilm layer. The wet biomass density, SVI30, and SVI30/SVI5 of the kenaf granules were 1035 g L-1, 30.6 mL g-1, and 1.0, respectively, which met the standards of aerobic granules. Improved stability of biological phosphorus removal performance enabled a 25% reduction in sodium aluminate usage. Microbial activities of kenaf granules were compared with aerobic granules, showing comparable N and P removal rates and presence of ammonium-oxidizing bacteria and polyphosphate-accumulating organisms in the outer 50-60 μm layer of the granule. This work is the first viable example for integrating fully organic biofilm particles in existing continuous-flow systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany P Wei
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 616 Northlake Place, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Bao Nguyen Quoc
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 616 Northlake Place, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Madelyn Shapiro
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 616 Northlake Place, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | | | | | - Mari K H Winkler
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 616 Northlake Place, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Ma CM, Wu QS, Yu TT, Wei SP, Wang F, Fang JC, Nie DJ, Yuan LL, Zhang Y, Chen X, Liu M, Zhou XS, Zhou J, Liu HX. [ABO gene subtypes and gene expression analysis in three cases of hematological malignancies patients]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 100:3443-3447. [PMID: 33238676 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112137-20200618-01880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the application and discovery of genotyping, gene sequencing, and gene expression analysis in the determination of ABO blood group subtypes and antigen expression abnormalities in hematological malignancies patients. Methods: From June 2019 to May 2020, three clinical cases were found with forward and reverse ABO typing discrepancy or atypical serologic agglutination pattern in the laboratory and blood transfusion department of Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital were selected. Sequence-specific primer PCR (PCR-SSP) and Sanger sequencing of ABO gene coding regions were performed to determine the ABO genotypes, and whole transcriptome sequencing was used to analyze ABO and FUT1 gene expression levels. Results: A 12-year-old female acute lymphoblastic leukemia patient was determined as O.01.02 and BA.04 sub-genotype, corresponding to the serological B(A) subtype, and her ABO gene expression was normal (354.80). A 41-year-old female acute myeloid leukemia patient was determined as A1.02 and B.01 genotype, corresponding to the serological A(1)B phenotype, and her ABO gene expression was significantly reduced (45.70). A 42-year-old male with myelodysplastic syndrome and myelofibrosis was determined as A1.02 and A2.05 sub-genotype, corresponding to the serological A(1) and A(2) phenotype, respectively, and his ABO expression was negative. FUT1 expression was in the normal range in all three cases. The clinical blood product infusion strategy was formulated according to the genotype and the corresponding immunological subtype, and no significant transfusion-related adverse reactions occurred. Conclusion: Blood group sub-genotypes or aberrant gene expression can lead to ambiguities in serological blood group determination in hematological malignancies patients. ABO genotyping and gene expression analysis can help in this scenario and escort blood product infusion safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Ma
- Langfang Central Blood Station, Langfang 065000
| | - Q S Wu
- Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Beijing Ludaopei Hospital, Beijing 100176, China
| | - T T Yu
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - S P Wei
- Blood Transfusion Department, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - F Wang
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - J C Fang
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - D J Nie
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - L L Yuan
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - Y Zhang
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - X Chen
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - M Liu
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - X S Zhou
- Division of Laboratory Medicine, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - J Zhou
- Blood Transfusion Department, Hebei Yanda Ludaopei Hospital, Langfang 065201, China
| | - H X Liu
- Beijing Ludaopei Institute of Hematology, Beijing 100176, China
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Wei SP, Stensel HD, Nguyen Quoc B, Stahl DA, Huang X, Lee PH, Winkler MKH. Flocs in disguise? High granule abundance found in continuous-flow activated sludge treatment plants. Water Res 2020; 179:115865. [PMID: 32388048 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.115865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To date, high performance of full-scale aerobic granular sludge (AGS) technology has been demonstrated on a global scale. Its further integration with existing continuous flow activated sludge (CFAS) treatment plants is the next logical step. All granular sludge reactors operated in sequencing batch reactors (SBR) mode with anaerobic feeding conditions select for growth of phosphorus and glycogen accumulating organisms (PAO and GAO, respectively), which are known to enhance sludge settling characteristics. Therefore, we hypothesized that AGS are commonly present at full-scale CFAS processes with enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR) and low sludge volume index (SVI). This hypothesis was confirmed at 13 EBPR plants, where granules were found present (at plants where SVI was lower than 100 ml/g) with a strong correlation between high granule abundance and low SVI. A wide range of granule abundance was found among the plants, ranging from 0.5% to as high as 80%. Evaluations of the EBPR plant process configurations showed that high granule abundances may be related to selector design features such as high anaerobic food to mass (F/M) ratios, unmixed in-line fermentation, and high influent soluble COD fraction. Granules were also observed at a non-EBPR plant with an aerobic selector receiving high F/M feeds. Quantitative PCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses revealed higher relative gene abundance of Accumulibacter PAO and Competibacter GAO in the granules over flocs, as well as a correlation between granule abundance and some possible EPS producers such as Flavobacterium and Competibacter. Our results indicated that process configurations that select for slow-growing or EPS-producing heterotrophs play an important role for granule formation in full-scale CFAS systems as previously shown in SBR configurations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany P Wei
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - H David Stensel
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Bao Nguyen Quoc
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - David A Stahl
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
| | - Xiaowu Huang
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
| | - Po-Heng Lee
- Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 11 Yuk Choi Rd, Hung Hom, Hong Kong.
| | - Mari-K H Winkler
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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Wei SP, Fan F, Chen J, Liu XL, Yang YR, Wang ZP, Song S, Li ZH, Wei MX, Wang DN, Li SW, Xia NS. [Establishment and evaluation of a triple-color human papillomavirus pseudovirion neutralization assay]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2019; 52:1039-1044. [PMID: 30392324 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-9624.2018.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish a triple-color pseudovirion-based neutralization assay (PBNA) and evaluate its capability of detecting immunogenicity of the sera generated by the immunization of HPV 9-valent vaccine. Methods: HPV pseudovirus (PsVs) 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58 with the encapsidated fluorescence expressing red fluorescent plasmid N31-MCHREEY, green fluorescent N31-EGFP or blue fluorescent N31-mTagBFP were generated. The concentration of HPV PsVs and the infection titers of HPV PsVs were detected by double-antibody sandwich ELISA and TCID(50), respectively. The single- and triple color HPV 16/33/45 PsVs were used to detect the neutralization titers of mice sera immunized with HPV 9-valent vaccine and confirmed the accuracy and specificity of the triple-color PBNAs. Then, the single- and triple color HPV 6/11/18/31/33/45/52/58 PsVs were employed to detect the neutralization titers of cynomolgus macaques sera immunized with HPV 9-valent vaccine and determined whether the triple-color PBNAs could be applied to evaluate the immunogenicity of the sera generated by the immunization of HPV9-valent vaccine. Results: The concentration of HPV16 PsVs encapsulating green, red or blue fluorescent plasmid was 5.0 to 6.0 μg/ml and HPV6/11/18/31/33/45/52/59 triple-color HPV PsVs was about 1.0 to 3.0 μg/ml. 9 types HPV PsVs containing EGFP, Mcherry or mTagBFP reporter plasmid were obtained and the concentration can meet the need of neutralization detection. 9 types single-color fluorescent HPV PsVs had similar infectivity against 293FT cells with the infection titer values between 1×10(4) and 1×10(5). The results of PBNAs showed that there was no significant difference in the anti-HPV neutralization titers of mice sera induced by HPV 9-valent vaccine between single-color and triple-color HPV16/33/45 PsVs (P>0.05). Similarly, there was also no significant difference in the anti-HPV neutralization titers of cynomolgus macaques sera induced by HPV 9-valent vaccine between single-color and triple-color HPV6/11/18/31/33/45/52/58 PsVs (P>0.05). Conclusion: We successfully established the triple-color PBNAs and verified the accuracy and specificity of triple-color PBNAs consistent with single-color PBNAs. The triple-color PBNAs can be applied to evaluate the immunogenicity of HPV 9-valent vaccine's immune serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Wei
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development of Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
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Wei SP, van Rossum F, van de Pol GJ, Winkler MKH. Recovery of phosphorus and nitrogen from human urine by struvite precipitation, air stripping and acid scrubbing: A pilot study. Chemosphere 2018; 212:1030-1037. [PMID: 30286532 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.08.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Sustainable and closed-loop nutrient cycling require the recovery of valuable resources from wastewater. Resource recovery from diluted wastewater streams is limited by diluted concentrations and unfavorable reaction kinetics. In comparison, source separated urine allows resource recovery from a highly concentrated nutrient stream, resulting in a more sustainable and efficient recovery practice. Different nutrient recovery methods from urine have been studied in lab-scale, but pilot or full-scale process evaluations remain sparse. In this study, recovery of struvite and ammonium sulfate from urine of pregnant women was demonstrated at a pilot-scale treatment facility by means of precipitation and air stripping/acid scrubbing. The system achieved 94% struvite precipitation efficiency but merely 55% of the crystals were removed and recovered. The low phosphorus recovery was due to the washout of small crystals that escaped the sieve and settling tank, hence requiring an improved method for crystals capture. The removal and recovery efficiencies for nitrogen were 93% and 85%, respectively. Composition analysis of the produced fertilizers indicated that struvite was the dominated precipitate and quality of the ammonium sulfate met European standards. Carbamazepine and diclofenac were added in the urine to measure the fate of pharmaceuticals in the treatment system. Very little of the spiked pharmaceuticals (<0.01%) accumulated in the produced struvite and ammonium sulfate. The overall energy demand of the pilot system was 1066 MJ per m3 urine processed or 198 MJ per kg N removed. Energy efficiency was not optimized and can be improved in many ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephany P Wei
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | | | | | - Mari-Karoliina Henriikka Winkler
- University of Washington, Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, 616 NE Northlake Place, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; GMB, Dalwagenseweg 51, 4043 MT Opheusden, The Netherlands.
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Wei L, Gao YJ, Wei SP, Zhang YF, Zhang WF, Jiang JX, Sun ZY, Xu W. Transcriptome network-based method to identify genes associated with unruptured intracranial aneurysms. Genet Mol Res 2013; 12:3263-73. [PMID: 24065667 DOI: 10.4238/2013.september.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Intracranial aneurysm is a balloon or sac-like dilatation of blood vessels inside the brain. Despite their importance, the biological mechanisms of intracranial aneurysms are not totally understood. We used public genome-wide gene expression profile data to identify potential genes that are involved in intracranial aneurysm in order to construct a regulation network. Some of the transcription factors and target genes that we identified in this network had been identified as related to intracranial aneurysm in previous studies. We found additional transcription factors and target genes that are apparently related to intracranial aneurysm with this method. The confirmation of previously identified genes and transcription factors supports the usefulness of this transcriptome network analysis for the identification of candidate genes involved in intracranial aneurysm.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Claflin JL, Wei SP. Control of V kappa expression in the mouse. I. Unexpected expression of the V kappa allele, Igk-Pcb, in a somatic cell hybrid of AKR (Igk-Pca) origin. J Immunol 1979; 123:1051-6. [PMID: 89158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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10
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Burns CP, Wei SP, Luttenegger DG, Spence AA. Fatty acid positional specificity in phospholipids of L1210 leukemia and normal mouse lymphocytes. Lipids 1979; 14:144-7. [PMID: 423718 DOI: 10.1007/bf02533863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The positional distribution of fatty acids in the choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides of the L1210 murine leukemia cells was determined and compared to that of normal mouse lymphocytes. The major phospholipids of both cell types had appreciable degrees of positional specificity as evident from the higher percentage of saturated fatty acids in position 1 and of polyunsaturated fatty acids in position 2. The L1210 cells had less arachidonate and more linoleate in position 2 of choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides as compared to the normal lymphocytes. However, there were similar proportions of saturated, monoenoic and polyenoic fatty acids in positions 1 and 2 of the phospholipids of the L1210 leukemia cells and the lymphocytes, These data demonstrate that fatty acid positional specificity is retained in the major phospholipids of this rapidly growing tumor.
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Burns CP, Wei SP, Spector AA. Fatty acid metabolism in L1210 murine leukemia cells: differences in modification of fatty acids incorporated into various lipids. Lipids 1978; 13:666-72. [PMID: 723478 DOI: 10.1007/bf02533743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
L1210 leukemia cells can utilize all of the main fatty acids that normally are present in the ascites fluid in which they grow. This finding is consistent with the view that L1210 cells derive most of their fatty acids from the ascites fluid. From 80--90% of each fatty acid was incorporated into cell lipids without structural modification, suggesting that the lipid composition of these cells can be altered by changing the type of fatty acids to which they are exposed. Most importantly, the palmitate that was subsequently incorporated into total cell phospholipids was elongated and desaturated somewhat more than that incorporated into triglycerides. This difference was due primarily to more extensive modification of the palmitate incorporated into the ethanolamine phosphoglycerides fraction. Although there was no difference between total phospholipids and triglycerides with linoleate, more of the linoleate incorporated into ethanolamine phosphoglycerides was elongated and further desaturated than that incorporated into choline phosphoglycerides and triglycerides. These findings indicate fatty acids incorporated into various cell lipid fractions are not structurally modified to the same extent. There appears to be greater modification of fatty acid used for ethanolamine phosphoglyceride synthesis as compared with triglyceride and choline phosphoglyceride synthesis.
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13
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Burns CP, Wei SP, Welshman IR, Wiebe DA, Spector AA. Fatty acid utilization by L1210 murine leukemia cells. Cancer Res 1977; 37:1991-7. [PMID: 558821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
L1210 murine leukemia cells grow in an ascites plasma that contains lipids, including 0.62 +/- 0.046 (S.E.) MICRONEq free fatty acid per ml. in vitro incubations demonstrated that isolated L1210 cells readily utilize free fatty acid that is added to the incubation medium. When the cells were incubated with albumin-bound [1-14C]palmitate, about 12 times more radioactivity was incorporated into cell lipids than was oxidized to CO2. Triacylglycerols contained 1.5 to 4 times more radioactivity than phospholipids, and from 48 to 69% of the phospholipid radioactivity was recovered in the choline phosphoglycerides. [1-14C]Palmitate utilization increased as the fatty acid concentration of the medium was raised, the largest increase occurring in the triacylglycerol fraction. Palmitate utilization also was increased by the presence of carbohydrates in the medium, their effectiveness (in descending order) being glucose, mannose, galactose, fructose, and glycerol. By contrast, ribose did not produce any stimulatory effect. During a 1-hr incubation, between 82 and 87% of the [1-14C]palmitate that was taken up remained as palmitic acid. From 8 to 15% was elongated to stearate, and only 2 to 3% was desaturated to palmitoleate and oleate. Based upon the lipid content, growth rate, and palmitate utilization rate of the cells, it appears that a major portion of the lipid requirements of the L1210 cell may be supplied by the fatty acid contained in the ascites plasma. In addition, our results suggest that most of the saturated fatty acid taken up is incorporated into cell lipids without structural modification.
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Freedman R, Fan TH, Wei SP, Weinberger MB. Trends in fertility and in the effects of education on fertility in Taiwan, 1961-74. Stud Fam Plann 1977; 8:11-8. [PMID: 835163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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