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Gorchov Negron AM, Kort EA, Conley SA, Smith ML. Airborne Assessment of Methane Emissions from Offshore Platforms in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Environ Sci Technol 2020; 54:5112-5120. [PMID: 32281379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) emissions from oil and gas activities are large and poorly quantified, with onshore studies showing systematic inventory underestimates. We present aircraft measurements of CH4 emissions from offshore oil and gas platforms collected over the U.S. Gulf of Mexico in January 2018. Flights sampled individual facilities as well as regions of 5-70 facilities. We combine facility-level samples, production data, and inventory estimates to generate an aerial measurement-based inventory of CH4 emissions for the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. We compare our inventory and the Environmental Protection Agency Greenhouse Gas Inventory (GHGI) with regional airborne estimates. The new inventory and regional airborne estimates are consistent with the GHGI in deep water but appear higher for shallow water. For the full U.S. Gulf of Mexico our inventory estimates total emissions of 0.53 Tg CH4/yr [0.40-0.71 Tg CH4/yr, 95% CI] and corresponds to a loss rate of 2.9% [2.2-3.8%] of natural gas production. Our estimate is a factor of 2 higher than the GHGI updated with 2018 platform counts. We attribute this disagreement to incomplete platform counts and emission factors that both underestimate emissions for shallow water platforms and do not account for disproportionately high emissions from large shallow water facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan M Gorchov Negron
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Eric A Kort
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Yu X, Millet DB, Wells KC, Griffis TJ, Chen X, Baker JM, Conley SA, Smith ML, Gvakharia A, Kort EA, Plant G, Wood JD. Top-Down Constraints on Methane Point Source Emissions From Animal Agriculture and Waste Based on New Airborne Measurements in the U.S. Upper Midwest. J Geophys Res Biogeosci 2020; 125:e2019JG005429. [PMID: 33614366 PMCID: PMC7894054 DOI: 10.1029/2019jg005429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Agriculture and waste are thought to account for half or more of the U.S. anthropogenic methane source. However, current bottom-up inventories contain inherent uncertainties from extrapolating limited in situ measurements to larger scales. Here, we employ new airborne methane measurements over the U.S. Corn Belt and Upper Midwest, among the most intensive agricultural regions in the world, to quantify emissions from an array of key agriculture and waste point sources. Nine of the largest concentrated animal feeding operations in the region and two sugar processing plants were measured, with multiple revisits during summer (August 2017), winter (January 2018), and spring (May-June 2018). We compare the top-down fluxes with state-of-science bottom-up estimates informed by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency methodology and site-level animal population and management practices. Top-down point source emissions are consistent with bottom-up estimates for beef concentrated animal feeding operations but moderately lower for dairies (by 37% on average) and significantly lower for sugar plants (by 80% on average). Swine facility results are more variable. The assumed bottom-up seasonality for manure methane emissions is not apparent in the aircraft measurements, which may be due to on-site management factors that are difficult to capture accurately in national-scale inventories. If not properly accounted for, such seasonal disparities could lead to source misattribution in top-down assessments of methane fluxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Yu
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Dylan B Millet
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Kelley C Wells
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Timothy J Griffis
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, USA
| | - John M Baker
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Saint Paul, MN, USA
- Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Alexander Gvakharia
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Eric A Kort
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Genevieve Plant
- Department of Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Wood
- School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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Kuwayama T, Charrier-Klobas JG, Chen Y, Vizenor NM, Blake DR, Pongetti T, Conley SA, Sander SP, Croes B, Herner JD. Source Apportionment of Ambient Methane Enhancements in Los Angeles, California, To Evaluate Emission Inventory Estimates. Environ Sci Technol 2019; 53:2961-2970. [PMID: 30821440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Rapid increase in atmospheric methane (CH4) mixing ratios over the past century is attributable to the intensification of human activities. Information on spatially explicit source contributions is needed to develop efficient and cost-effective CH4 emission reduction and mitigation strategies to addresses near-term climate change. This study collected long-term ambient CH4 measurements at Mount Wilson Observatory (MWO) in Los Angeles, California, to estimate the annual CH4 emissions from the portion of Los Angeles County that is within the South Coast Air Basin (SCLA). The measurement-based CH4 emission estimates for SCLA ranged from 3.95 to 4.89 million metric tons (MMT) carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) per year between 2012 and 2016. Source apportionment of CH4, CO, CO2, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) measurements were used to evaluate source categories that contributed to ambient CH4 mixing ratio enhancements (ΔCH4) at SCLA between 2014 and 2016. Results suggested ΔCH4 contributions of 56-79% from natural gas sources, 7-31% from landfills, and 4-15% from transportation sources. The SCLA-specific CH4 emission estimate made using a research grade gridded CH4 emission inventory suggested contributions of 47% from natural gas sources and 50% from landfills. Subsequent airborne measurements determined that CH4 emissions from two major CH4 sources in SCLA were significantly smaller in magnitude than previously thought. This study highlights the importance of studying the variabilities of CH4 emissions across California for policy makers and stakeholders alike.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshihiro Kuwayama
- California Air Resources Board , 1001 I Street , Sacramento , California 95812 , United States
| | | | - Yanju Chen
- California Air Resources Board , 1001 I Street , Sacramento , California 95812 , United States
| | - Nicholas M Vizenor
- University of California at Irvine , 570 Rowland Hall , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Donald R Blake
- University of California at Irvine , 570 Rowland Hall , Irvine , California 92697 , United States
| | - Thomas Pongetti
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory , 4800 Oak Grove Drive , Pasadena , California 91109 , United States
| | - Stephen A Conley
- Scientific Aviation , 3335 Airport Road Suite B , Boulder , Colorado 80301 , United States
| | - Stanley P Sander
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory , 4800 Oak Grove Drive , Pasadena , California 91109 , United States
| | - Bart Croes
- California Air Resources Board , 1001 I Street , Sacramento , California 95812 , United States
| | - Jorn D Herner
- California Air Resources Board , 1001 I Street , Sacramento , California 95812 , United States
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Smith ML, Gvakharia A, Kort EA, Sweeney C, Conley SA, Faloona I, Newberger T, Schnell R, Schwietzke S, Wolter S. Airborne Quantification of Methane Emissions over the Four Corners Region. Environ Sci Technol 2017; 51:5832-5837. [PMID: 28418663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.6b06107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is a potent greenhouse gas and the primary component of natural gas. The San Juan Basin (SJB) is one of the largest coal-bed methane producing regions in North America and, including gas production from conventional and shale sources, contributed ∼2% of U.S. natural gas production in 2015. In this work, we quantify the CH4 flux from the SJB using continuous atmospheric sampling from aircraft collected during the TOPDOWN2015 field campaign in April 2015. Using five independent days of measurements and the aircraft-based mass balance method, we calculate an average CH4 flux of 0.54 ± 0.20 Tg yr-1 (1σ), in close agreement with the previous space-based estimate made for 2003-2009. These results agree within error with the U.S. EPA gridded inventory for 2012. These flights combined with the previous satellite study suggest CH4 emissions have not changed. While there have been significant declines in natural gas production between measurements, recent increases in oil production in the SJB may explain why emission of CH4 has not declined. Airborne quantification of outcrops where seepage occurs are consistent with ground-based studies that indicate these geological sources are a small fraction of the basin total (0.02-0.12 Tg yr-1) and cannot explain basinwide consistent emissions from 2003 to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie L Smith
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Alexander Gvakharia
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Eric A Kort
- Climate and Space Sciences and Engineering, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Colm Sweeney
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Stephen A Conley
- Scientific Aviation , Boulder, Colorado 80301, United States
- Department of Land, Air, & Water Resources, University of California Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ian Faloona
- Department of Land, Air, & Water Resources, University of California Davis , Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Tim Newberger
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Russell Schnell
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Stefan Schwietzke
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
| | - Sonja Wolter
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado , Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory , Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
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Puppa G, Senore C, Sheahan K, Vieth M, Lugli A, Zlobec I, Pecori S, Wang LM, Langner C, Mitomi H, Nakamura T, Watanabe M, Ueno H, Chasle J, Conley SA, Herlin P, Lauwers GY, Risio M. Diagnostic reproducibility of tumour budding in colorectal cancer: a multicentre, multinational study using virtual microscopy. Histopathology 2016; 61:562-75. [PMID: 22765314 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Despite the established prognostic relevance of tumour budding in colorectal cancer, the reproducibility of the methods reported for its assessment has not yet been determined, limiting its use and reporting in routine pathology practice. METHODS AND RESULTS A morphometric system within telepathology was devised to evaluate the reproducibility of the various methods published for the assessment of tumour budding in colorectal cancer. Five methods were selected to evaluate the diagnostic reproducibility among 10 investigators, using haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and AE1-3 cytokeratin-immunostained, whole-slide digital scans from 50 pT1-pT4 colorectal cancers. The overall interobserver agreement was fair for all methods, and increased to moderate for pT1 cancers. The intraobserver agreement was also fair for all methods and moderate for pT1 cancers. Agreement was dependent on the participants' experience with tumour budding reporting and performance time. Cytokeratin immunohistochemistry detected a higher percentage of tumour budding-positive cases with all methods compared to H&E-stained slides, but did not influence agreement levels. CONCLUSION An overall fair level of diagnostic agreement for tumour budding in colorectal cancer was demonstrated, which was significantly higher in early cancer and among experienced gastrointestinal pathologists. Cytokeratin immunostaining facilitated detection of budding cancer cells, but did not result in improved interobserver agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Puppa
- Division of Pathology, 'G. Fracastoro' City Hospital, Verona, ItalyAOUS Giovanni Battista, CPO Piemonte, SCDO Epidemiologia dei Tumori, Torino, ItalyDepartment of Histopathology and Centre for Colorectal Disease, St Vincent's University Hospital School of Medicine and Medical Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, IrelandInstitute of Pathology, Klinikum Bayreuth, Bayreuth, GermanyInstitute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Pathology, Section of Anatomical Pathology, Policlinico G. B. Rossi, University of Verona, Verona, ItalyDepartment of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, UKInstitute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, AustriaDepartment of Human Pathology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Surgery, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, JapanDepartment of Surgery, National Defense Medical College, Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama, JapanDepartment of Pathology, François Baclesse Comprehensive Cancer Center, Caen, FrancePathology Media Lab, Pathology Service, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USAGroupe Régional d'Etudes sur le Cancer, François Baclesse Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Caen, Caen, FranceGastrointestinal Pathology Service and Division of Surgical Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USAUnit of Pathology, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment-IRCC, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
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Karion A, Sweeney C, Kort EA, Shepson PB, Brewer A, Cambaliza M, Conley SA, Davis K, Deng A, Hardesty M, Herndon SC, Lauvaux T, Lavoie T, Lyon D, Newberger T, Pétron G, Rella C, Smith M, Wolter S, Yacovitch TI, Tans P. Aircraft-Based Estimate of Total Methane Emissions from the Barnett Shale Region. Environ Sci Technol 2015; 49:8124-31. [PMID: 26148550 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
We present estimates of regional methane (CH4) emissions from oil and natural gas operations in the Barnett Shale, Texas, using airborne atmospheric measurements. Using a mass balance approach on eight different flight days in March and October 2013, the total CH4 emissions for the region are estimated to be 76 ± 13 × 10(3) kg hr(-1) (equivalent to 0.66 ± 0.11 Tg CH4 yr(-1); 95% confidence interval (CI)). We estimate that 60 ± 11 × 10(3) kg CH4 hr(-1) (95% CI) are emitted by natural gas and oil operations, including production, processing, and distribution in the urban areas of Dallas and Fort Worth. This estimate agrees with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) estimate for nationwide CH4 emissions from the natural gas sector when scaled by natural gas production, but it is higher than emissions reported by the EDGAR inventory or by industry to EPA's Greenhouse Gas Reporting Program. This study is the first to show consistency between mass balance results on so many different days and in two different seasons, enabling better quantification of the related uncertainty. The Barnett is one of the largest production basins in the United States, with 8% of total U.S. natural gas production, and thus, our results represent a crucial step toward determining the greenhouse gas footprint of U.S. onshore natural gas production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Karion
- †University of Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- ‡NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - Colm Sweeney
- †University of Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- ‡NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - Eric A Kort
- §University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Paul B Shepson
- ∥Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Alan Brewer
- ‡NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - Maria Cambaliza
- ∥Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Stephen A Conley
- ⊥University of California, Davis, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Ken Davis
- #Carbon Now Cast, LLC, State College, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
| | - Aijun Deng
- #Carbon Now Cast, LLC, State College, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
| | - Mike Hardesty
- †University of Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- ‡NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - Scott C Herndon
- ∇Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Thomas Lauvaux
- #Carbon Now Cast, LLC, State College, Pennsylvania 16803, United States
| | - Tegan Lavoie
- ∥Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - David Lyon
- ○Environmental Defense Fund, Austin, Texas 78701, United States
| | - Tim Newberger
- †University of Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- ‡NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - Gabrielle Pétron
- †University of Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- ‡NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - Chris Rella
- ◆Picarro, Inc., Santa Clara, California 95054, United States
| | - Mackenzie Smith
- §University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Sonja Wolter
- †University of Colorado, CIRES, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- ‡NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
| | - Tara I Yacovitch
- ∇Aerodyne Research, Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Pieter Tans
- ‡NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder 80305, Colorado, United States
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Yacovitch TI, Herndon SC, Roscioli JR, Floerchinger C, McGovern RM, Agnese M, Pétron G, Kofler J, Sweeney C, Karion A, Conley SA, Kort EA, Nähle L, Fischer M, Hildebrandt L, Koeth J, McManus JB, Nelson DD, Zahniser MS, Kolb CE. Demonstration of an ethane spectrometer for methane source identification. Environ Sci Technol 2014; 48:8028-34. [PMID: 24945706 DOI: 10.1021/es501475q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Methane is an important greenhouse gas and tropospheric ozone precursor. Simultaneous observation of ethane with methane can help identify specific methane source types. Aerodyne Ethane-Mini spectrometers, employing recently available mid-infrared distributed feedback tunable diode lasers (DFB-TDL), provide 1 s ethane measurements with sub-ppb precision. In this work, an Ethane-Mini spectrometer has been integrated into two mobile sampling platforms, a ground vehicle and a small airplane, and used to measure ethane/methane enhancement ratios downwind of methane sources. Methane emissions with precisely known sources are shown to have ethane/methane enhancement ratios that differ greatly depending on the source type. Large differences between biogenic and thermogenic sources are observed. Variation within thermogenic sources are detected and tabulated. Methane emitters are classified by their expected ethane content. Categories include the following: biogenic (<0.2%), dry gas (1-6%), wet gas (>6%), pipeline grade natural gas (<15%), and processed natural gas liquids (>30%). Regional scale observations in the Dallas/Fort Worth area of Texas show two distinct ethane/methane enhancement ratios bridged by a transitional region. These results demonstrate the usefulness of continuous and fast ethane measurements in experimental studies of methane emissions, particularly in the oil and natural gas sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara I Yacovitch
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
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Puppa G, Risio M, Sheahan K, Vieth M, Zlobec I, Lugli A, Pecori S, Wang LM, Langner C, Mitomi H, Nakamura T, Watanabe M, Ueno H, Chasle J, Senore C, Conley SA, Herlin P, Lauwers GY. Standardization of whole slide image morphologic assessment with definition of a new application: Digital slide dynamic morphometry. J Pathol Inform 2011; 2:48. [PMID: 22200031 PMCID: PMC3237062 DOI: 10.4103/2153-3539.86830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Accepted: 09/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In histopathology, the quantitative assessment of various morphologic features is based on methods originally conceived on specific areas observed through the microscope used. Failure to reproduce the same reference field of view using a different microscope will change the score assessed. Visualization of a digital slide on a screen through a dedicated viewer allows selection of the magnification. However, the field of view is rectangular, unlike the circular field of optical microscopy. In addition, the size of the selected area is not evident, and must be calculated. MATERIALS AND METHODS A digital slide morphometric system was conceived to reproduce the various methods published for assessing tumor budding in colorectal cancer. Eighteen international experts in colorectal cancer were invited to participate in a web-based study by assessing tumor budding with five different methods in 100 digital slides. RESULTS The specific areas to be tested by each method were marked by colored circles. The areas were grouped in a target-like pattern and then saved as an .xml file. When a digital slide was opened, the .xml file was imported in order to perform the measurements. Since the morphometric tool is composed of layers that can be freely moved on top of the digital slide, the technique was named digital slide dynamic morphometry. Twelve investigators completed the task, the majority of them performing the multiple evaluations of each of the cases in less than 12 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Digital slide dynamic morphometry has various potential applications and might be a useful tool for the assessment of histologic parameters originally conceived for optical microscopy that need to be quantified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Puppa
- Division of Pathology, G. Fracastoro, City Hospital, Verona
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Duncan EJ, Conley JD, Grychowski KD, Conley SA, Lundy PM, Hamilton MG, Sawyer TW. A comparison of the effects of sarin and succinylcholine on respiratory parameters in anesthetized domestic swine. Mil Med 2001; 166:322-7. [PMID: 11315472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Differences in the "respiratory paralysis" caused by sarin (GB) and succinylcholine (SDC) were observed in a domestic swine model using a bedside pulmonary dynamics monitor. GB was administered intravenously (9 micrograms/kg/30 min) and compared with SDC administered intravenously (20 mg/30 min). All animals developed respiratory insufficiency indicated by decreased respiratory frequency. Minute ventilation was relatively maintained in animals that received GB by increasing tidal volume, whereas both of these parameters decreased in animals that received SDC. GB animals showed an increase in airway resistance and work of breathing. The former was unchanged and the latter was decreased in animals that received SDC. Mouth occlusion pressure at 100 milliseconds and tidal volume were relatively maintained in GB animals but decreased in SDC animals, suggesting a central mechanism for respiratory paralysis with GB and a peripheral mechanism for respiratory paralysis with SDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Duncan
- Kinchyle Enterprises, Inc., Medicine Hat, Alberta, Canada T1A 7M6
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