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Roman-Ramos H, Prieto-da-Silva ÁRB, Dellê H, Floriano RS, Dias L, Hyslop S, Schezaro-Ramos R, Servent D, Mourier G, de Oliveira JL, Lemes DE, Costa-Lotufo LV, Oliveira JS, Menezes MC, Markus RP, Ho PL. The Cloning and Characterization of a Three-Finger Toxin Homolog (NXH8) from the Coralsnake Micrurus corallinus That Interacts with Skeletal Muscle Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:164. [PMID: 38668589 PMCID: PMC11054780 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Coralsnakes (Micrurus spp.) are the only elapids found throughout the Americas. They are recognized for their highly neurotoxic venom, which is comprised of a wide variety of toxins, including the stable, low-mass toxins known as three-finger toxins (3FTx). Due to difficulties in venom extraction and availability, research on coralsnake venoms is still very limited when compared to that of other Elapidae snakes like cobras, kraits, and mambas. In this study, two previously described 3FTx from the venom of M. corallinus, NXH1 (3SOC1_MICCO), and NXH8 (3NO48_MICCO) were characterized. Using in silico, in vitro, and ex vivo experiments, the biological activities of these toxins were predicted and evaluated. The results showed that only NXH8 was capable of binding to skeletal muscle cells and modulating the activity of nAChRs in nerve-diaphragm preparations. These effects were antagonized by anti-rNXH8 or antielapidic sera. Sequence analysis revealed that the NXH1 toxin possesses eight cysteine residues and four disulfide bonds, while the NXH8 toxin has a primary structure similar to that of non-conventional 3FTx, with an additional disulfide bond on the first loop. These findings add more information related to the structural diversity present within the 3FTx class, while expanding our understanding of the mechanisms of the toxicity of this coralsnake venom and opening new perspectives for developing more effective therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Roman-Ramos
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (H.D.); (J.L.d.O.); (D.E.L.)
| | | | - Humberto Dellê
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (H.D.); (J.L.d.O.); (D.E.L.)
| | - Rafael S. Floriano
- Laboratório de Toxinologia e Estudos Cardiovasculares, Universidade do Oeste Paulista (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19067-175, SP, Brazil;
| | - Lourdes Dias
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil; (L.D.); (S.H.); (R.S.-R.)
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil; (L.D.); (S.H.); (R.S.-R.)
| | - Raphael Schezaro-Ramos
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas 13083-887, SP, Brazil; (L.D.); (S.H.); (R.S.-R.)
| | - Denis Servent
- Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Université Paris Saclay, Commissariat à l’énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; (D.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Gilles Mourier
- Service d’Ingénierie Moléculaire pour la Santé (SIMoS), Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé, Université Paris Saclay, Commissariat à l’énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), F-91191 Gif sur Yvette, France; (D.S.); (G.M.)
| | - Jéssica Lopes de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (H.D.); (J.L.d.O.); (D.E.L.)
| | - Douglas Edgard Lemes
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina, Universidade Nove de Julho (UNINOVE), São Paulo 01504-001, SP, Brazil; (H.D.); (J.L.d.O.); (D.E.L.)
| | - Letícia V. Costa-Lotufo
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Jane S. Oliveira
- Centro de Biotecnologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil;
| | | | - Regina P. Markus
- Laboratório de Cronofarmacologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo 05508-090, SP, Brazil;
| | - Paulo Lee Ho
- Centro Bioindustrial, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil;
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Galizio NC, Moraes-Santos LS, Yabunaka AC, Demico PJ, Torres-Bonilla KA, Varón JCG, Silva NJD, Tanaka-Azevedo AM, Rocha MMTD, Hyslop S, Floriano RS, Morais-Zani KD. Biochemical and toxicological profiles of venoms from an adult female South American bushmaster (Lachesis muta rhombeata) and her offspring. Toxicon 2024; 241:107680. [PMID: 38452976 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
In this work, we compared the biochemical and toxicological profiles of venoms from an adult female specimen of Lachesis muta rhombeata (South American bushmaster) and her seven offspring born in captivity, based on SDS-PAGE, RP-HPLC, enzymatic, coagulant, and hemorrhagic assays. Although adult and juvenile venoms showed comparable SDS-PAGE profiles, juveniles lacked some chromatographic peaks compared with adult venom. Adult venom had higher proteolytic (caseinolytic) activity than juvenile venoms (p < 0.05), but there were no significant inter-venom variations in the esterase, PLA2, phosphodiesterase and L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) activities, although the latter activity was highly variable among the venoms. Juveniles displayed higher coagulant activity on human plasma, with a minimum coagulant dose ∼42% lower than the adult venom (p < 0.05), but there were no age-related differences in thrombin-like activity. Adult venom was more fibrinogenolytic (based on the rate of fibrinogen chain degradation) and hemorrhagic than juvenile venoms (p < 0.05). The effective dose of Bothrops/Lachesis antivenom (produced by the Instituto Butantan) needed to neutralize the coagulant activity was ∼57% greater for juvenile venoms (p < 0.05), whereas antivenom did not attenuate the thrombin-like activity of juvenile and adult venoms. Antivenom significantly reduced the hemorrhagic activity of adult venom (400 μg/kg, i. d.), but not that of juvenile venoms. Overall, these data indicate a compositional and functional ontogenetic shift in L. m. rhombeata venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathália C Galizio
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Butantan Institute and Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura S Moraes-Santos
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana C Yabunaka
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Poliana J Demico
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Kristian A Torres-Bonilla
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Julian C G Varón
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Nelson J da Silva
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences and Health, School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC-GO), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Anita M Tanaka-Azevedo
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Butantan Institute and Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa M Teixeira da Rocha
- Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Butantan Institute and Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Floriano
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen de Morais-Zani
- Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Interunits Graduate Program in Biotechnology, University of São Paulo, Butantan Institute and Technological Research Institute of the State of São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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3
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Couceiro FYGM, Demico PJ, Dias SR, Oliveira IN, Pacagnelli FL, Silva EO, Sant'Anna SS, Grego KF, Morais-Zani K, Torres-Bonilla KA, Hyslop S, Floriano RS. Involvement of phospholipase A 2 in the neuromuscular blockade caused by coralsnake (Micrurus spp.) venoms in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations in vitro. Toxicon 2023; 234:107263. [PMID: 37659667 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we examined the neuromuscular blockade caused by venoms from four South-American coralsnakes (Micrurus altirostris - MA, M. corallinus - MC, M. spixii - MS, and M. dumerilii carinicauda - MDC) and the ability of varespladib (VPL), a phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitor, to attenuate this blockade. PLA2 activity was determined using a colorimetric assay and a fixed amount of venom (10 μg). Neurotoxicity was assayed using a single concentration of venom (10 μg/ml) in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) preparations mounted for myographic recordings and then subjected to histological analysis. All venoms showed PLA2 activity, with MS and MA venoms having the highest (15.53 ± 1.9 A425 nm/min) and lowest (0.23 ± 0.14 A425 nm/min) activities, respectively. VPL (292 and 438 μM) inhibited the PLA2 activity of all venoms, although that of MA venom was least affected. All venoms caused neuromuscular blockade, with MS and MDC venoms causing the fastest and slowest 100% blockade [in 40 ± 3 min and 120 ± 6 min (n = 4), respectively]; MA and MC produced complete blockade within 90-100 min. Preincubation of venoms with 292 μM VPL attenuated the blockade to varying degrees: the greatest inhibition was seen with MDC venom and blockade by MS venom was unaffected by this inhibitor. These results indicate that PLA2 has a variable contribution to coralsnake venom-induced neuromuscular blockade in vitro, with the insensitivity of MS venom to VPL suggesting that blockade by this venom is mediated predominantly by post-synaptically-active α-neurotoxins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Y G M Couceiro
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Poliana J Demico
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Samuel R Dias
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Isabele N Oliveira
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Francis L Pacagnelli
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisangela O Silva
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Veterinary Hospital, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Sávio S Sant'Anna
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute (IB), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kathleen F Grego
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute (IB), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Karen Morais-Zani
- Laboratory of Herpetology, Butantan Institute (IB), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Kristian A Torres-Bonilla
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael S Floriano
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
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Rosa ME, Campos L, Borges BT, Santos S, Barreto YC, de Assis DR, Hyslop S, de Souza VQ, Vinadé L, Dal Belo CA. Fipronil affects cockroach behavior and olfactory memory. J Exp Biol 2023; 226:297473. [PMID: 36970762 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.245239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Fipronil (FPL), an insecticide belonging to the class of phenylpyrazoles, is associated with the widespread mortality of pollinator insects worldwide. Based on studies carried out on residual concentrations of FPL commonly found in the environment, in this work, we evaluated the sublethal effects of FPL on behavior and other neurophysiological parameters using the cockroach Nauphoeta cinerea as a biological model. Sublethal doses of FPL (0.1-0.001 µg/g) increased the time spent grooming and caused dose-dependent inhibition of exploratory activity, partial neuromuscular blockade in vivo, and irreversible negative cardiac chronotropism. FPL also disrupted learning and olfactory memory formation at all doses tested. These results provide the first evidence that short-term exposure to sublethal concentrations of FPL can significantly disrupt insect behavior and physiology, including olfactory memory. These findings have implications for current pesticide risk assessment and could be potentially useful in establishing a correlation with pesticide effects in other insects, such as honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Rosa
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, S/N, BR 290, Km 423, CEP 97.307-020 São Gabriel-RS, Brazil
| | - Letícia Campos
- Departamento de Medicina Translacional (Área de Farmacologia), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Rua Vital Brazil, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-888, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruna Trindade Borges
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, S/N, BR 290, Km 423, CEP 97.307-020 São Gabriel-RS, Brazil
| | - Sara Santos
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, S/N, BR 290, Km 423, CEP 97.307-020 São Gabriel-RS, Brazil
| | - Yuri Correia Barreto
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, S/N, BR 290, Km 423, CEP 97.307-020 São Gabriel-RS, Brazil
| | - Denis Reis de Assis
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, 0318 Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, 0450 Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Departamento de Medicina Translacional (Área de Farmacologia), Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Rua Vital Brazil, 80, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-888, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Velci Queiroz de Souza
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, S/N, BR 290, Km 423, CEP 97.307-020 São Gabriel-RS, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Vinadé
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, S/N, BR 290, Km 423, CEP 97.307-020 São Gabriel-RS, Brazil
| | - Cháriston André Dal Belo
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), CIPBiotec, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Campus São Gabriel, Rua Aluízio Barros Macedo, S/N, BR 290, Km 423, CEP 97.307-020 São Gabriel-RS, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBtox), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Prédio 18, Cidade Universitária, Bairro Camobi, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Departamento Multidisciplinar, Escola Paulista de Política, Economia e Negócios (EPPEN), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Angélica, 100, Jardim das Flores, 06110295, Osasco, SP, Brazil
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de Souza J, Oliveira IC, Yoshida EH, Cantuaria NM, Cogo JC, Torres-Bonilla KA, Hyslop S, Silva Junior NJ, Floriano RS, Gutiérrez JM, Oshima-Franco Y. Effect of the phospholipase A2 inhibitor Varespladib, and its synergism with crotalic antivenom, on the neuromuscular blockade induced by Crotalus durissus terrificus venom (with and without crotamine) in mouse neuromuscular preparations. Toxicon 2022; 214:54-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Silva-Carvalho R, Gaspar MZ, Quadros LHB, Lobo LGG, Giuffrida R, Santarém CL, Silva EO, Gerez JR, Silva NJ, Hyslop S, Lomonte B, Floriano RS. Partial efficacy of a Brazilian coralsnake antivenom and varespladib in neutralizing distinct toxic effects induced by sublethal Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda envenoming in rats. Toxicon 2022; 213:99-104. [PMID: 35489427 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2022.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we report the efficacy of a combination of Brazilian therapeutic coralsnake antivenom (CAV) and varespladib (phospholipase A2 inhibitor - VPL) in partially neutralizing selected toxic effects of Micrurus dumerilii carinicauda coralsnake venom in rats. Venom caused local myonecrosis and systemic neurotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and hepatotoxicity within 2 h of injection. CAV and VPL administered separately failed to prevent most of these alterations. However, a combination of CAV plus VPL offered variable protection against venom-induced coagulation disturbances, leukocytosis, and renal and hepatic morphological alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosimeire Silva-Carvalho
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo, Rodovia Raposo Tavares Km 572, B2-205, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Matheus Z Gaspar
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo, Rodovia Raposo Tavares Km 572, B2-205, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Luiz H B Quadros
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo, Rodovia Raposo Tavares Km 572, B2-205, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís G G Lobo
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo, Rodovia Raposo Tavares Km 572, B2-205, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Rogério Giuffrida
- Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo, Rodovia Raposo Tavares Km 572, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Cecília L Santarém
- Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo, Rodovia Raposo Tavares Km 572, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Elisangela O Silva
- Graduate Program in Animal Sciences, University of Western São Paulo, Rodovia Raposo Tavares Km 572, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana R Gerez
- Department of Histology, State University of Londrina (UEL), Rodovia Celso Garcia Cid Km 380, 86057-970, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Nelson J Silva
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences and Health, School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás (PUC-Goiás), 74605-140, Goiânia, GO, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Lomonte
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, 11501, San José, Costa Rica.
| | - Rafael S Floriano
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of Western São Paulo, Rodovia Raposo Tavares Km 572, B2-205, 19067-175, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil.
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Gutierres PG, Pereira DR, Vieira NL, Arantes LF, Silva NJ, Torres-Bonilla KA, Hyslop S, Morais-Zani K, Nogueira RMB, Rowan EG, Floriano RS. Action of Varespladib (LY-315920), a Phospholipase A 2 Inhibitor, on the Enzymatic, Coagulant and Haemorrhagic Activities of Lachesis muta rhombeata (South-American Bushmaster) Venom. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:812295. [PMID: 35095526 PMCID: PMC8790531 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.812295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Varespladib (VPL) was primarily developed to treat inflammatory disturbances associated with high levels of serum phospholipase A2 (PLA2). VPL has also demonstrated to be a potential antivenom support agent to prevent PLA2-dependent effects produced by snake venoms. In this study, we examined the action of VPL on the coagulant, haemorrhagic and enzymatic activities of Lachesis muta rhombeata (South-American bushmaster) venom. Conventional colorimetric enzymatic assays were performed for PLA2, caseinolytic and esterasic activities; in vitro coagulant activities for prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) were performed in rat citrated plasma through a quick timer coagulometer, whereas the dimensions of haemorrhagic haloes obtained after i.d. injections of venom in Wistar rats were determined using ImageJ software. Venom (1 mg/ml) exhibited accentuated enzymatic activities for proteases and PLA2in vitro, with VPL abolishing the PLA2 activity from 0.01 mM; VPL did not affect caseinolytic and esterasic activities at any tested concentrations (0.001–1 mM). In rat citrated plasma in vitro, VPL (1 mM) alone efficiently prevented the venom (1 mg/ml)-induced procoagulant disorder associated to extrinsic (PT) pathway, whereas its association with a commercial antivenom successfully prevented changes in both intrinsic (aPTT) and extrinsic (PT) pathways; commercial antivenom by itself failed to avoid the procoagulant disorders by this venom. Venom (0.5 mg/kg)-induced hemorrhagic activity was slightly reduced by VPL (1 mM) alone or combined with antivenom (antivenom:venom ratio 1:3 ‘v/w’) in rats, with antivenom alone producing no protective action on this parameter. In conclusion, VPL does not inhibit other major enzymatic groups of L. m. rhombeata venom, with its high PLA2 antagonize activity efficaciously preventing the venom-induced coagulation disturbances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamella G Gutierres
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Western São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Diego R Pereira
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Western São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Nataly L Vieira
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Western São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Lilian F Arantes
- Graduate Program in Zootechnics, Rural Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Nelson J Silva
- Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences and Health, School of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Kristian A Torres-Bonilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Rosa M B Nogueira
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Western São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
| | - Edward G Rowan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Rafael S Floriano
- Laboratory of Toxinology and Cardiovascular Research, University of Western São Paulo, Presidente Prudente, Brazil
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Borrasca-Fernandes CF, Prado CC, Capitani EMD, Hyslop S, Bucaretchi F. Temporal evolution of dermonecrosis in loxoscelism assessed by photodocumentation. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2022; 55:e0502. [PMID: 35239909 PMCID: PMC8909434 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0502-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although loxoscelism (bites by brown spiders of the genus Loxosceles) frequently results in dermonecrosis, no previous clinical reports have provided detailed temporal photodocumentation of the evolution of dermonecrotic lesions in a case series. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study involving a case series of loxoscelism. Only cases of dermonecrosis with photodocumentation of lesion evolution (from admission until complete or almost complete healing) were included. Results: Eight patients (six men, two women; median age, 38 years) fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The bite sites included the thigh (n = 4), forearm (n = 2), abdomen (n = 1), and trunk (n = 1). Time interval between the bite and first contact with our service ranged from 15 to 216 h (median = 29 h). The main clinical manifestations included local erythematous and ischemic violaceous lesions overlying a base of indurated edema (livedoid plaque, 8), local pain (8), exanthema (6), serohemorrhagic vesicles/blisters (5), fever (5), and jaundice (1). Based on a previously established classification, the cases were classified as probable cutaneous-necrotic loxoscelism (CNL, n = 4), presumptive CNL (n = 3), and presumptive cutaneous-hemolytic loxoscelism (n = 1). Seven patients were treated with anti-arachnidic antivenom (AV; median time post-bite = 46 h). Complete lesion healing ranged from 34 to 98 days post-bite (median, 68 days; six patients). None of the patients required reconstructive plastic surgery. Conclusions The sequential photographic documentation showed considerable variation in the process of wound healing, with complete epithelialization requiring up to 3 months after the bite.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Stephen Hyslop
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil
| | - Fábio Bucaretchi
- Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil; Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Brasil
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9
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Oliveira ICF, Yoshida EH, Dini MMJ, Paschoal ABO, Cogo JC, da Cruz-Höfling MA, Hyslop S, Oshima-Franco Y. Evaluation of Protection by Caffeic Acid, Chlorogenic Acid, Quercetin and Tannic Acid against the In Vitro Neurotoxicity and In Vivo Lethality of Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American Rattlesnake) Venom. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13110801. [PMID: 34822584 PMCID: PMC8623703 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13110801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic envenomation by Crotalus durissus terrificus (South American rattlesnake) can cause coagulopathy, rabdomyolysis, acute kidney injury, and peripheral neuromuscular blockade, the latter resulting in flaccid paralysis. Previous studies have shown that plant products such as tannic acid and theaflavin can protect against the neuromuscular blockade caused by C. d. terrificus venom in vitro. In this work, we used mouse-isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparations to examine the ability of caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, and quercetin to protect against C. d. terrificus venom-induced neuromuscular blockade in vitro. In addition, the ability of tannic acid to protect against the systemic effects of severe envenomation was assessed in rats. Preincubation of venom with caffeic acid (0.5 mg/mL), chlorogenic acid (1 mg/mL), or quercetin (0.5 mg/mL) failed to protect against venom (10 μg/mL)-induced neuromuscular blockade. In rats, venom (6 mg kg−1, i.p.) caused death in ~8 h, which was prevented by preincubation of venom with tannic acid or the administration of antivenom 2 h post-venom, whereas tannic acid given 2 h post-venom prolonged survival (~18.5 h) but did not prevent death. Tannic acid (in preincubation protocols or given 2 h post-venom) had a variable effect on blood creatinine and urea and blood/urine protein levels and prevented venom-induced leukocytosis. Tannic acid attenuated the histological lesions associated with renal damage in a manner similar to antivenom. The protective effect of tannic acid appeared to be mediated by interaction with venom proteins, as assessed by SDS-PAGE. These findings suggest that tannic acid could be a potentially useful ancillary treatment for envenomation by C. d. terrificus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isadora Caruso Fontana Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 92.5, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil; (I.C.F.O.); (E.H.Y.); (M.M.J.D.); (A.B.O.P.)
| | - Edson Hideaki Yoshida
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 92.5, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil; (I.C.F.O.); (E.H.Y.); (M.M.J.D.); (A.B.O.P.)
| | - Murilo Melo Juste Dini
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 92.5, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil; (I.C.F.O.); (E.H.Y.); (M.M.J.D.); (A.B.O.P.)
| | - Ana Beatriz Olívio Paschoal
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 92.5, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil; (I.C.F.O.); (E.H.Y.); (M.M.J.D.); (A.B.O.P.)
| | - José Carlos Cogo
- Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering Programs, Technological and Scientific Institute, Brazil University, Rua Carolina Fonseca, 584/235, São Paulo 08230-030, SP, Brazil;
| | - Maria Alice da Cruz-Höfling
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Monteiro Lobato, 255, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas 13083-862, SP, Brazil;
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Translational Medicine (Section of Pharmacology), Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Campinas 13083-970, SP, Brazil;
| | - Yoko Oshima-Franco
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares km 92.5, Sorocaba 18023-000, SP, Brazil; (I.C.F.O.); (E.H.Y.); (M.M.J.D.); (A.B.O.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-15-21010-7197; Fax: +55-15-2101-7112
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10
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Best S, Hess J, Souza-Fonseca Guimaraes F, Kersbergen A, Hyslop S, Rautela J, Huntington N, Sutherland K. MA13.04 Harnessing Natural Killer Cells to Treat Metastatic Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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11
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Oliveira RS, Borges BT, Leal AP, de Brum Vieira P, Silva DB, Hyslop S, Vinadé L, Dos Santos TG, Carlini CR, Orchard I, Lange AB, Dal Belo CA. Chemical and functional analyses of Rhinella icterica (Spix, 1824) toad secretion screened on contractions of the heart and oviduct in Locusta migratoria. J Insect Physiol 2021; 129:104192. [PMID: 33460706 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2021.104192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Rhinella icterica is a Brazilian toad with a parotoid secretion that is toxic to insects. In this work, we examined the entomotoxicity of this secretion in locust (Locusta migratoria) semi-isolated heart and oviduct preparations in vitro. The parotoid secretion caused negative chronotropism in semi-isolated heart preparations (at the highest dose tested: 500 μg) and markedly enhanced the amplitude of spontaneous contractions and tonus of oviduct muscle (0.001-100 μg). In addition, the secretion enhanced neurally-evoked contractions of oviduct muscle, which was more sensitive to low concentrations of secretion than the semi-isolated heart. The highest dose of secretion (100 μg) caused neuromuscular blockade. In zero calcium-high magnesium saline, the secretion still enhanced muscle tonus, suggesting the release of intracellular calcium to stimulate contraction. Reverse-phase HPLC of the secretion yielded eight fractions, of which only fractions 4 and 5 affected oviduct muscle tonus and neurally-evoked contractions. No phospholipase A2 activity was detected in the secretion or its chromatographic fractions. The analysis of fractions 4 and 5 by LC-DAD-MS/MS revealed the following chemical compounds: suberoyl arginine, hellebrigenin, hellebrigenin 3-suberoyl arginine ester, marinobufagin 3-pimeloyl arginine ester, telocinobufagin 3-suberoyl arginine ester, marinobufagin 3-suberoyl arginine ester, bufalin 3-adipoyl arginine, marinobufagin, bufotalinin, and bufalitoxin. These findings indicate that R. icterica parotoid secretion is active in both of the preparations examined, with the activity in oviduct possibly being mediated by bufadienolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Soares Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Trindade Borges
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, Brazil.
| | - Allan P Leal
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTox), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia de Brum Vieira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Denise Brentan Silva
- Laboratório de Produtos Naturais e Espectrometria de Massas (LAPNEM), Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição (FACFAN), Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
| | - Lúcia Vinadé
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Gomes Dos Santos
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTox), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil; Laboratório de Estudos em Biodiversidade Pampiana (LEBIP), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | - Celia R Carlini
- Laboratório de Neurotoxinas (LANEUROTOX), Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul(PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| | - Ian Orchard
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
| | - Angela B Lange
- Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
| | - Cháriston A Dal Belo
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia (LANETOX), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTox), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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12
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Bucaretchi F, Borrasca-Fernandes CF, Prado CC, Lanaro R, Costa JL, Petroni OM, Giraldi T, Blotta MHSL, Justo-Junior AS, Sousa NL, Aragão FJL, De Capitani EM, Hyslop S. Near-fatal poisoning after ricin injection. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2021; 59:158-168. [PMID: 32475181 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2020.1771358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a near-fatal poisoning after intentional injection of ricin from a castor bean (Ricinus communis) extract. CASE REPORT A 21 year-old man self-injected ∼3 mL of a castor bean extract intramuscularly and subcutaneously in the left antecubital fossa. Upon admission to our ED (1 h post-exposure; day 1, D1) he was awake and alert, but complained of mild local pain and showed slight local edema and erythema. He evolved to refractory shock (∼24 h post-exposure) that required the administration of a large volume of fluids and high doses of norepinephrine and vasopressin, mainly from D2 to D4. During this period, he developed clinical and laboratory features compatible with systemic inflammatory response syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction, capillary leak syndrome, rhabdomyolysis, necrotizing fasciitis and possible compartment syndrome. The patient underwent forearm fasciotomy on D4 and there was progressive improvement of the hemodynamic status from D7 onwards. Wound management involved several debridements, broad-spectrum antibiotics and two skin grafts. Major laboratory findings within 12 days post-exposure revealed hypoalbuminemia, proteinuria, thrombocytopenia, leukocytosis and increases in cytokines (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α), troponin and creatine kinase. Ricin A-chain (ELISA) was detected in serum up to D3 (peak at 24 h post-exposure), with ∼79% being excreted in the urine within 64 h post-exposure. Ricinine was detected in serum and urine by LC-MS up to D5. A ricin A-chain concentration of 246 µg/mL was found in the seed extract, corresponding to the injection of ∼738 µg of ricin A-chain (∼10.5 µg/kg). The patient was discharged on D71, with limited range of motion and function of the left forearm and hand. CONCLUSION Ricin injection resulted in a near-fatal poisoning that evolved with septic shock-like syndrome, multiple organ dysfunction and necrotizing fasciitis, all of which were successfully treated with supportive care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Bucaretchi
- Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla F Borrasca-Fernandes
- Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Camila C Prado
- Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael Lanaro
- Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Luiz Costa
- Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Otávio M Petroni
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tiago Giraldi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maria Heloísa S L Blotta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Amauri S Justo-Junior
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Natália L Sousa
- Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Francisco J L Aragão
- Genetic Resources and Biotechnology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M De Capitani
- Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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13
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Moreno DAN, Saladini MS, Viroel FJM, Dini MMJ, Pickler TB, Amaral Filho J, dos Santos CA, Hanai-Yoshida VM, Grotto D, Gerenutti M, Hyslop S, Oshima-Franco Y. Are Silver Nanoparticles Useful for Treating Second-Degree Burns? An Experimental Study in Rats. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 11:130-136. [PMID: 33747860 PMCID: PMC7961217 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: In this work, the potential usefulness of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) for treating burn wounds was examined. Methods: Second-degree burns were induced in male Wistar rats by touching the skin with a heated (70°C) metallic device for 10 s, after which the animals were randomly allocated to one of two groups: control (n=8, treated with sterile saline) and experimental (n=8, treated with AgNPs, 0.081 mg/mL; 50 µL applied to the burn surface). Seven, 14, 21 and 28 days after lesion induction two rats from each group were killed and blood samples were collected for a complete blood count and to assess oxidative stress. The livers were examined macroscopically and skin samples were collected for histological analysis. Results: Macroscopically, wound healing and skin remodeling in the experimental group were similar to the saline-treated rats. Likewise, there were no significant differences in the histological parameters between the two groups. However, treatment with AgNPs caused a persistent reduction in white blood cell (WBC) counts throughout the experiment, whereas platelet counts increased on days 7 and 28 but decreased on days 14 and 21; there was also an increase in the blood concentration of reduced glutathione on day 7 followed by a decrease on days 21 and 28. There were no significant changes in blood glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) activities or in the serum concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances. Conclusion: The findings of this study raise questions about the potential transitory effects of AgNPs based on the changes in WBC and platelet counts, blood glutathione concentrations and macroscopic hepatic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirela Santos Saladini
- Veterinary Medicine Graduate Course, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Murilo Melo Juste Dini
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Thaisa Borim Pickler
- Laboratory for Toxicological Research (Lapetox), University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jorge Amaral Filho
- Veterinary Medicine Graduate Course, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Valquíria Miwa Hanai-Yoshida
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Technological Processes, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Grotto
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Environmental and Technological Processes, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Marli Gerenutti
- School of Medical Sciences of the Pontifical Catholic University of São Paulo (PUC-SP), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Yoko Oshima-Franco
- Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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14
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Lanaro R, Mello SM, da Cunha KF, Silveira G, Corrêa-Neto NF, Hyslop S, Cabrices OG, Costa JL, Linardi A. Kinetic profile of N,N-dimethyltryptamine and β-carbolines in saliva and serum after oral administration of ayahuasca in a religious context. Drug Test Anal 2020; 13:664-678. [PMID: 33119972 DOI: 10.1002/dta.2955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ayahuasca is a beverage obtained from Banisteriopsis caapi plus Psychotria viridis. B. caapi contains the β-carbolines harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine that are monoamine oxidase inhibitors and P. viridis contains N,N-dimethyltryptamine (DMT) that is responsible for the visionary effects of the beverage. Ayahuasca use is becoming a global phenomenon, and the recreational use of DMT and similar alkaloids has also increased in recent years; such uncontrolled use can lead to severe intoxications. In this investigation, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to study the kinetics of alkaloids over a 24 h period in saliva and serum of 14 volunteers who consumed ayahuasca twice a month in a religious context. We compared the area under the curve (AUC), maximum concentration (Cmax ), time to reach Cmax (Tmax ), mean residence time (MRT), and half-life (t1/2 ), as well as the serum/saliva ratios of these parameters. DMT and β-carboline concentrations (Cmax ) and AUC were higher in saliva than in serum and the MRT was 1.5-3.0 times higher in serum. A generalized estimation equations (GEEs) model suggested that serum concentrations could be predicted by saliva concentrations, despite large individual variability in the saliva and serum alkaloid concentrations. The possibility of using saliva as a biological matrix to detect DMT, β-carbolines, and their derivatives is very interesting because it allows fast noninvasive sample collection and could be useful for detecting similar alkaloids used recreationally that have considerable potential for intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Lanaro
- Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Sueli Moreira Mello
- Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Kelly Francisco da Cunha
- Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Silveira
- Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Oscar G Cabrices
- Global Technical Science - Forensics Testing, Sciex, 1201 Radio Road, Redwood City, CA, 94065, USA
| | - Jose Luiz Costa
- Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Linardi
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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15
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Barreto YC, Rosa ME, Zanatta AP, Borges BT, Hyslop S, Vinadé LH, Dal Belo CA. Entomotoxicity of jaburetox: revisiting the neurotoxic mechanisms in insects. J Venom Res 2020; 10:38-44. [PMID: 33209252 PMCID: PMC7659472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ureases are metalloenzymes that hydrolyze urea to ammonia and carbamate. The main urease isoforms present in the seeds of Canavalia ensiformis (jack bean urease - JBU and canatoxin) exert a variety of biological activities. The insecticidal activity of JBU is mediated, at least in part, by jaburetox (Jbtx), a recombinant peptide derived from the JBU amino acid sequence. In this article, we review the neurotoxicity of Jbtx in insects. The insecticidal activity of Jbtx has been investigated in a variety of insect orders and species, including Blattodea (the cockroaches Blatella germânica, Nauphoeta cinerea, Periplaneta americana e Phoetalia pallida), Bruchidae (Callosobruchus maculatus - cowpea weevil), Diptera (Aedes aegypti - mosquito), Hemiptera (Dysdercus peruvianus - cotton stainer bug; Oncopeltus fasciatus - large milkweed bug, and the kissing bugs Rhodnius prolixus and Triatoma infestans), Lepidoptera (Spodoptera frugiperda - fall army worm) and Orthoptera (Locusta migratoria - locust). In N. cinerea, the injection of Jbtx induces marked alteration of locomotor and grooming behavior, whereas in T. infestans Jbtx causes leg paralysis, an extension of the proboscis and abnormal antennal movements. Electromyographical analysis showed that Jbtx causes complete neuromuscular blockade in P. pallida. The same treatment in N. cinerea and L. migratoria causes a decrease in the action potential firing rate. Jbtx forms membrane pore-channels compatible with cations in bilipid membranes. A study using B. germanica voltage-gated sodium (Nav1.1) channels that were heterologously expressed in Xenopus laevis oocytes correlated the entomotoxicity of Jbtx with the activation of these channels. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the potential of this peptide as a natural pesticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri Correia Barreto
- 1Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia (CIPBiotec), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel 97300-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Eduarda Rosa
- 1Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia (CIPBiotec), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel 97300-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Zanatta
- 1Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia (CIPBiotec), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel 97300-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna Trindade Borges
- 1Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia (CIPBiotec), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel 97300-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- 2Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Lúcia Helena Vinadé
- 1Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia (CIPBiotec), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel 97300-000, RS, Brazil
| | - Cháriston André Dal Belo
- 1Centro Interdisciplinar de Pesquisa em Biotecnologia (CIPBiotec), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, Campus São Gabriel, São Gabriel 97300-000, RS, Brazil,*Correspondence to: Cháriston André Dal Belo, E-mail: , Tel/Fax: +55 55 3237 0850
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Collaço RDC, Hyslop S, Rocha T, Dorce VAC, Rowan EG, Antunes E. Neurotoxicity of Tityus bahiensis (brown scorpion) venom in sympathetic vas deferens preparations and neuronal cells. Arch Toxicol 2020; 94:3315-3327. [PMID: 32548756 PMCID: PMC7415753 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-020-02799-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Systemic scorpion envenomation is characterized by massive neurotransmitter release from peripheral nerves mediated primarily by scorpion venoms neurotoxins. Tityus bahiensis is one of the medically most important species in Brazil, but its venom pharmacology, especially regarding to peripheral nervous system, is poorly understood. Here, we evaluated the T. bahiensis venom activity on autonomic (sympathetic) neurotransmission by using a variety of approaches, including vas deferens twitch-tension recordings, electrophysiological measurements (resting membrane potentials, spontaneous excitatory junctional potentials and whole-cell patch-clamp), calcium imaging and histomorphological analysis. Low concentrations of venom (≤ 3 μg/mL) facilitated the electrically stimulated vas deferens contractions without affecting postsynaptic receptors or damaging the smooth muscle cells. Transient TTX-sensitive sustained contractions and resting membrane depolarization were mediated mainly by massive spontaneous ATP release. High venom concentrations (≥ 10 μg/mL) blocked the muscle contractions and induced membrane depolarization. In neuronal cells (ND7-23wt), the venom increased the peak sodium current, modified the current-voltage relationship by left-shifting the Nav-channel activation curve, thereby facilitating the opening of these channels. The venom also caused a time-dependent increase in neuronal calcium influx. These results indicate that the sympathetic hyperstimulation observed in systemic envenomation is presynaptically driven, probably through the interaction of α- and β-toxins with neuronal sodium channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia Collaço
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil.
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thalita Rocha
- São Francisco University (USF), Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - Valquiria A C Dorce
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Division for Scientific Development, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Edward G Rowan
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Oliveira RS, Borges BT, Leal AP, Lailowski MM, Bordon KDCF, de Souza VQ, Vinadé L, dos Santos TG, Hyslop S, Moura S, Arantes EC, Corrado AP, Dal Belo CA. Chemical and Pharmacological Screening of Rhinella icterica (Spix 1824) Toad Parotoid Secretion in Avian Preparations. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:toxins12060396. [PMID: 32549266 PMCID: PMC7354542 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12060396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The biological activity of Rhinella icterica parotoid secretion (RIPS) and some of its chromatographic fractions (RI18, RI19, RI23, and RI24) was evaluated in the current study. Mass spectrometry of these fractions indicated the presence of sarmentogenin, argentinogenin, (5β,12β)-12,14-dihydroxy-11-oxobufa-3,20,22-trienolide, marinobufagin, bufogenin B, 11α,19-dihydroxy-telocinobufagin, bufotalin, monohydroxylbufotalin, 19-oxo-cinobufagin, 3α,12β,25,26-tetrahydroxy-7-oxo-5β-cholestane-26-O-sulfate, and cinobufagin-3-hemisuberate that were identified as alkaloid and steroid compounds, in addition to marinoic acid and N-methyl-5-hydroxy-tryptamine. In chick brain slices, all fractions caused a slight decrease in cell viability, as also seen with the highest concentration of RIPS tested. In chick biventer cervicis neuromuscular preparations, RIPS and all four fractions significantly inhibited junctional acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity. In this preparation, only fraction RI23 completely mimicked the pharmacological profile of RIPS, which included a transient facilitation in the amplitude of muscle twitches followed by progressive and complete neuromuscular blockade. Mass spectrometric analysis showed that RI23 consisted predominantly of bufogenins, a class of steroidal compounds known for their cardiotonic activity mediated by a digoxin- or ouabain-like action and the blockade of voltage-dependent L-type calcium channels. These findings indicate that the pharmacological activities of RI23 (and RIPS) are probably mediated by: (1) inhibition of AChE activity that increases the junctional content of Ach; (2) inhibition of neuronal Na+/K+-ATPase, leading to facilitation followed by neuromuscular blockade; and (3) blockade of voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, leading to stabilization of the motor endplate membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Soares Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.T.B.); (A.P.L.); (V.Q.d.S.)
| | - Bruna Trindade Borges
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.T.B.); (A.P.L.); (V.Q.d.S.)
| | - Allan Pinto Leal
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.T.B.); (A.P.L.); (V.Q.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTox), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
| | - Manuela Merlin Lailowski
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul RS 95070-560, Brazil; (M.M.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Karla de Castro Figueiredo Bordon
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto SP 14.040-903, Brazil; (K.d.C.F.B.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Velci Queiróz de Souza
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.T.B.); (A.P.L.); (V.Q.d.S.)
| | - Lúcia Vinadé
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.T.B.); (A.P.L.); (V.Q.d.S.)
- Correspondence: (L.V.); (C.A.D.B.); Tel.: +55-55-3237-0850 (C.A.D.B.)
| | - Tiago Gomes dos Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos em Biodiversidade Pampiana, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil;
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas SP 13083-887, Brazil;
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos, Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Rua Francisco Getúlio Vargas 1130, Caxias do Sul RS 95070-560, Brazil; (M.M.L.); (S.M.)
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- Departamento de Ciências BioMoleculares, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida do Café, s/n, Ribeirão Preto SP 14.040-903, Brazil; (K.d.C.F.B.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Alexandre Pinto Corrado
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Avenida Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto SP 14040-030, Brazil;
| | - Cháriston A. Dal Belo
- Laboratório de Neurobiologia e Toxinologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas (PPGCB), Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Avenida Antônio Trilha 1847, São Gabriel RS 97300-000, Brazil; (R.S.O.); (B.T.B.); (A.P.L.); (V.Q.d.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Biológicas: Bioquímica Toxicológica (PPGBTox), Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM), Avenida Roraima 1000, Santa Maria RS 97105-900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (L.V.); (C.A.D.B.); Tel.: +55-55-3237-0850 (C.A.D.B.)
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Oliveira ICF, Yoshida EH, de Queiroz Junior MA, Cogo JC, Grotto D, Hyslop S, Oshima-Franco Y. Ability of tannic acid administered intraperitoneally against the lethality of Bothrops jararaca venom. Toxicon 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.12.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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19
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Pereira BB, Hyslop S. Involvement of snake venom natriuretic peptides in vascular relaxation and microvascular permeability. Toxicon 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2019.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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20
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Fusco LS, Cajade R, Piñeiro JM, Torres AM, da Silva IRF, Hyslop S, Leiva LC, Pimenta DC, Bustillo S. Biochemical characterization and cytotoxic effect of the skin secretion from the red-spotted Argentina frog Argenteohyla siemersi (Anura: Hylidae). J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2020; 26:e20190078. [PMID: 32280338 PMCID: PMC7112748 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2019-0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Argenteohyla siemersi (red-spotted Argentina frog) is a
casque-headed tree frog species belonging to the Hylidae family. This
species has a complex combination of anti-predator defense mechanisms that
include a highly lethal skin secretion. However, biochemical composition and
biological effects of this secretion have not yet been studied. Methods: The A. siemersi skin secretion samples were analyzed by mass
spectrometry and chromatographic analysis (MALDI-TOF/MS, RP-HPLC and GC-MS).
Proteins were also studied by SDS-PAGE. Among the biological activities
evaluated, several enzymatic activities (hemolytic, phospholipase
A2, clotting, proteolytic and amidolytic) were assessed.
Furthermore, the cytotoxic activity (cytolysis and fluorescence staining)
was evaluated on myoblasts of the C2C12 cell line. Results: The MALDI-TOF/MS analysis identified polypeptides and proteins in the aqueous
solution of A. siemersi skin secretion. SDS-PAGE revealed
the presence of proteins with molecular masses from 15 to 55 kDa. Steroids,
but no alkaloids or peptides (less than 5 KDa), were detected using mass
spectrometry. Skin secretion revealed the presence of lipids in methanolic
extract, as analyzed by CG-MS. This secretion showed hemolytic and
phospholipase A2 activities, but was devoid of amidolytic,
proteolytic or clotting activities. Moreover, dose-dependent cytotoxicity in
cultured C2C12 myoblasts of the skin secretion was demonstrated.
Morphological analysis, quantification of lactate dehydrogenase release and
fluorescence staining indicated that the cell death triggered by this
secretion involved necrosis. Conclusions: Results presented herein evidence the biochemical composition and biological
effects of A. siemersi skin secretion and contribute to the
knowledge on the defense mechanisms of casque-headed frogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luciano S Fusco
- Protein Research Laboratory (LabInPro), IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Rodrigo Cajade
- Herpetology Laboratory, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Jose M Piñeiro
- Herpetology Laboratory, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Ana M Torres
- Natural Products Laboratory, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Igor R F da Silva
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura C Leiva
- Protein Research Laboratory (LabInPro), IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Daniel C Pimenta
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Soledad Bustillo
- Protein Research Laboratory (LabInPro), IQUIBA-NEA CONICET, National University of the Northeast, Corrientes, Argentina
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21
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Oliveira ME, Campanholi J, Cavalcante RL, Moreno FS, Yoshida EH, Dini MMJ, Aranha ÉFDC, Cogo JC, Dias L, Hyslop S, Grotto D, Hanai-Yoshida VM, Oshima-Franco Y. Experimental model for removal of snake venom via hemoperfusion in rats. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2020; 30:286-294. [PMID: 32112523 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Revised: 03/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the efficiency of hemoperfusion in removing South American rattlesnake (Crotalus durissus terrificus) venom from rats compared with neutralization by antivenom. DESIGN An exploratory experimental investigation in rats involving the injection of snake venom with or without subsequent hemoperfusion or antivenom administration. SETTING Basic animal research laboratory in a private university. ANIMALS Normal, healthy male Wistar rats (0.29-0.40 kg, 3-6 months old) from a commercial breeder. INTERVENTIONS Four experimental groups of randomly allocated rats (n = 3/group) were studied: Group 1: rats were injected with a single dose of venom (5 mg/kg, IM, in the right thigh) with no other treatment; blood samples were collected minutes before death to determine leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte counts; Group 2 (Control): rats underwent hemoperfusion alone for 60 min using a hemoperfusion cartridge designed for protein adsorption (by granulated charcoal) and protein precipitation (by tannic acid); Group 3 (Venom + antivenom): rats were injected with venom (5 mg/kg, IM) and, 10 min later, were treated with antivenom at the venom:antivenom ratio recommended by the manufacturer; Group 4 (Venom + hemoperfusion): Rats were injected with venom (5 mg/kg, IM) and, 10 min later, were hemoperfused for 60 min. In groups 2-4, blood samples were collected for leukocyte, platelet, and erythrocyte counts 24 h after venom. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Rats injected with venom alone (Group 1) developed signs of neurotoxicity and ataxia and died in 9.0 ± 0.43 h but showed no changes in leukocyte or erythrocyte counts. In contrast, there were no deaths in groups 2-4. The lack of deaths in Groups 3 and 4 indicated that antivenom and hemoperfusion, respectively, protected against the lethal effects of the venom. CONCLUSIONS Hemoperfusion with a double-action hemoperfusion cartridge capable of protein adsorption and precipitation protected rats against C. d. terrificus venom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Estevan Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Campanholi
- Veterinary Medicine Course, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edson Hideaki Yoshida
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Murilo Melo Juste Dini
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - José Carlos Cogo
- Department of Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering, Brazil University, Itaquera, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lourdes Dias
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise Grotto
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Processes, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Miwa Hanai-Yoshida
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Processes, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yoko Oshima-Franco
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil.,Veterinary Medicine Course, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Bucaretchi F, Borrasca-Fernandes CF, De Capitani EM, Hyslop S. Consecutive envenomation of two men bitten by the same coral snake ( Micrurus corallinus). Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2019; 58:132-135. [PMID: 31079507 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2019.1610568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To report two patients who developed systemic neurotoxicity after consecutive bites by the same coral snake.Case report: Two previously healthy men (32-year-old and 34-year-old) found a coral snake in a woodpile while collecting wood for a barbecue. During the barbecue, both men became drunk and "played" with the snake, believing that they were handling a false coral snake, and were bitten within a few minutes of each other. Both patients were admitted to a referral tertiary care hospital (175 km from where the bites occurred) 16 hours and 19 hours postbite; both showed similar features of envenomation: palpebral ptosis, muscle weakness, dysphagia, and generalized myalgia. No fang marks or local pain were detected in either case. The patients were successfully treated with Brazilian coral snake antivenom (Fab´2) and discharged one-day postadmission, with improvement of myasthenia, but still showing palpebral ptosis. The offending snake was identified as a 42-cm-long Micrurus corallinus. During follow-up, both patients reported a transitory loss of taste that lasted approximately 3-4 weeks postbite.Conclusion: Consecutive bites by the same coral snake may cause systemic neurotoxicity (acute myasthenia) in more than one person, as well as transitory loss of taste, an underreported complication of snakebites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Bucaretchi
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla F Borrasca-Fernandes
- Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M De Capitani
- Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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23
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Yoshida EH, Dini MMJ, Campanholi J, Cogo JC, Grotto D, Hyslop S, Hanai-Yoshida VM, Oshima-Franco Y. Acute kidney injury caused by the intraperitoneal injection of Bothrops jararaca venom in rats. Nat Prod Res 2018; 34:2533-2538. [PMID: 30580611 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1543675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We examined the ability of Bothrops jararaca venom (12.5 mg/kg) injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) to cause acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats. Blood urea and creatinine (AKI biomarkers, in g dL-1) were elevated after 2 h in venom-treated rats (urea: from 0.41 ± 0.1 to 0.7 ± 0.03; creatinine from 46.7 ± 3.1 to 85 ± 6.7; p < 0.05; n = 3 each), with no change in circulating reduced glutathione. Venom-treated rats survived for ∼6 h, at which point platelets were reduced (×103 µL-1; from 763.8 ± 30.2 to 52.5 ± 18.2) whereas leukocytes and erythrocytes were slightly increased (from 4.7 ± 0.3 to 6.6 ± 0.1 × 103 µL-1 and from 8.38 ± 0.1 to 9.2 ± 0.09 × 106 µL-1, respectively; p < 0.05); blood protein (5.2 ± 0.4 g dL-1) and albumin (2.7 ± 0.1 g dL-1) were normal, whereas blood and urinary urea and creatinine were increased. All parameters returned to normal with antivenom given 2 h post-envenomation. The i.p. injection of venom caused AKI similar to that seen with other routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edson Hideaki Yoshida
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Murilo Melo Juste Dini
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jessica Campanholi
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Cogo
- Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering Programs, Technological and Scientific Institute, Brazil University, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Denise Grotto
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.,Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Processes, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Valquíria Miwa Hanai-Yoshida
- Post-Graduate Program in Technological and Environmental Processes, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Yoko Oshima-Franco
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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24
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Branco MMP, Borrasca-Fernandes CF, Prado CC, Galvão TF, Silva MT, Mello De Capitani E, Hyslop S, Bucaretchi F. Management of severe pain after dermal contact with caterpillars (erucism): a prospective case series. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2018; 57:338-342. [PMID: 30449184 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1520998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Erucism, envenomation caused by dermal contact with larval forms of moths, may result in intense local pain, mainly after contact with puss caterpillars (family Megalopygidae). OBJECTIVE To evaluate the response to different treatments for controlling severe pain in a case series of erucism in Campinas, southeastern Brazil. PATIENTS AND METHODS Prospective cohort study. A Numeric Pain Rating Scale (NPRS 0-10) was used to assess pain intensity in the Emergency Department (ED). Pain was considered as severe upon ED admission (T0) when the NPRS was ≥8. INCLUSION CRITERIA age ≥8 years old, severe pain at T0, with continuous assessment of pain intensity in all patients using the NPRS during the ED stay (T5, T15, T30, T60 min and at discharge). RESULTS Fifty-five patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were divided into three groups according to the initial treatment at T0: local anesthesia alone with 2% lidocaine (group 1, n = 15), local anesthesia and analgesics (group 2, n = 26) and analgesics without local anesthesia (group 3, n = 14). Most patients were admitted within 2 h after dermal contact with the stinging bristles of caterpillars (median =90 min, IQR: 40-125 min). In 22 cases (40%), the caterpillar was brought for identification (Podalia spp., n = 18; Megalopyge spp., n = 4). There was a significant decrease in pain from T5 onwards with all of the treatments. When the short-term response (T5 and T15) was considered, analgesia was more effective in groups 1 and 2 compared to group 3 (p < .01). Additional analgesia (from T5 until discharge) was frequently required (n = 25/55), mainly in group 1 (n = 11/15). The median length of stay in the ED was 120 min (IQR: 80-173 min). CONCLUSIONS The association of local anesthesia with analgesics was apparently a good combination for the rapid management of severe pain in the ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maíra M Pimenta Branco
- a School of Medical Sciences , Campinas Poison Control Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Carla F Borrasca-Fernandes
- a School of Medical Sciences , Campinas Poison Control Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Camila Carbone Prado
- a School of Medical Sciences , Campinas Poison Control Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Taís Freire Galvão
- a School of Medical Sciences , Campinas Poison Control Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil.,b School of Pharmaceutical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Marcus Tolentino Silva
- c Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Sorocaba (UNISO) , Sorocaba , Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mello De Capitani
- a School of Medical Sciences , Campinas Poison Control Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil.,d Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- a School of Medical Sciences , Campinas Poison Control Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil.,e Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Fábio Bucaretchi
- a School of Medical Sciences , Campinas Poison Control Center, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil.,f Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil
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Bucaretchi F, Pimenta MMB, Borrasca-Fernandes CF, Prado CC, Capitani EMD, Hyslop S. Thrombotic microangiopathy following Bothrops jararaca snakebite: case report. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2018; 57:294-299. [PMID: 30444155 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2018.1514621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is an uncommon and severe complication of snakebites, and is similar, in general, to hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). We describe a case of TMA following envenomation by Bothrops jararaca. CASE DETAILS A 56-y-old-woman with controlled hypertension was transferred from a primary hospital to our ER ∼7 h after being bitten by B. jararaca in the distal left leg. She developed edema extending from the bite site to the proximal thigh, associated with intense radiating local pain, local paresthesia and ecchymosis at the bite site. Laboratory features upon admission revealed coagulopathy (20 min whole blood clotting time - WBCT20 > 20 min), thrombocytopenia (76,000 platelets/mm3) and slight increase in serum creatinine (1.58 mg/dL; RV < 1.2 mg/dL). Upon admission, the patient was treated with bothropic antivenom and fluids replacement. During evolution, her thrombocytopenia and anemia worsened, with blood films showing fragmented red cells, haptoglobin consumption, increase in serum lactate dehydrogenase, and progressive increase of serum creatinine (KDIGO stage = 3). No RBC transfusion, renal replacement therapy or plasmapheresis was done. The patient showed progressive improvement from day nine (D9) onwards and was discharged on D20; there was complete recovery of hemoglobin levels at follow-up (D50). ADAMTS-13 activity, assayed 10 months post-bite, was within reference values. DISCUSSION TMA following snakebite has been reported mainly in India, Sri Lanka and Australia, with several patients needing renal replacement therapy. Although controversial, plasmapheresis has also been used in some cases. Our patient developed microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and acute kidney injury, a triad of features compatible with TMA similar to HUS. Despite the severity, the outcome following conservative treatment was good, with complete recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Bucaretchi
- a Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil.,d Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Maíra M Branco Pimenta
- d Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Carla F Borrasca-Fernandes
- a Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil.,d Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Camila Carbone Prado
- d Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mello De Capitani
- b Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil.,d Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- c Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil.,d Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences , State University of Campinas (UNICAMP) , Campinas , Brazil
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Torres-Bonilla KA, Andrade-Silva D, Serrano SMT, Hyslop S. Biochemical characterization of venom from Pseudoboa neuwiedii (Neuwied's false boa; Xenodontinae; Pseudoboini). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 213:27-38. [PMID: 29966733 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we examined the proteolytic and phospholipase A2 (PLA2) activities of venom from the opisthoglyphous colubrid Pseudoboa neuwiedii. Proteolytic activity (3 and 10 μg of venom) was comparable to that of Bothrops neuwiedii venom but less than Bothrops atrox. This activity was inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline but only slightly affected (≤30% inhibition) by PMSF and AEBSF, indicating it was mediated by snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs). The pH and temperature optima for proteolytic activity were 8.0 and 37 °C, respectively. The venom had no esterase activity, whereas PLA2 activity was similar to B. atrox, greater than B. neuwiedii but less than B. jararacussu. SDS-PAGE revealed venom proteins >100 kDa, 45-70 kDa, 21-24 kDa and ~15 kDa, and mass spectrometry of protein bands revealed SVMPs, cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs) and PLA2, but no serine proteinases. In gelatin zymography, the most active bands occurred at 65-68 kDa (seen with 0.05-0.25 μg of venom). Caseinolytic activity occurred at 50-66 kDa and was generally weaker than gelatinolytic activity. RP-HPLC of venom yielded 15 peaks, five of which showed gelatinolytic activity; peak 7 was the most active and apparently contained a P-III class SVMP. The venom showed α-fibrinogenase activity, without affecting the β and γ chains; this activity was inhibited by EDTA and 1,10-phenanthroline. The venom did not clot rat citrated plasma but reduced the rate and extent of coagulation after plasma recalcification. In conclusion, P. neuwiedii venom is highly proteolytic and could potentially affect coagulation in vivo by degrading fibrinogen via SVMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristian A Torres-Bonilla
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Andrade-Silva
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, Avenida Brazil 1500, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Solange M T Serrano
- Laboratório Especial de Toxinologia Aplicada, Center of Toxins, Immune-Response and Cell Signaling (CeTICS), Instituto Butantan, Avenida Brazil 1500, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Hyslop S, Sung L, Stein E, Dupuis L, Spiegler B, Vettese E, Tomlinson D. Identifying symptoms using the drawings of 4–7 year olds with cancer. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2018; 36:56-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejon.2018.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Rostelato-Ferreira S, André Dal Belo C, Ismael da Silva Junior P, Hyslop S, Rodrigues-Simioni L, Augusto Alves Rocha-E-Silva T. Presynaptic Activity of an Isolated Fraction from Rhinella schneideri Poison. Adv Pharm Bull 2018; 8:517-522. [PMID: 30276149 PMCID: PMC6156484 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2018.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Rhinella schneideri is a toad found in many regions of the South America. The poison of the glands has cardiotoxic effect in animals and neuromuscular effects in mice and avian preparation. The purpose of this work was to identify the toxin responsible for the neuromuscular effect in avian and mice neuromuscular preparation. Methods: The methanolic extract from R. schneideri poison was fractioned by reversed phase HPLC. The purity and molecular mass were determined by LC/MS mass spectrometry. Chick biventer cervicis and mouse phrenic-nerve diaphragm were used as neuromuscular preparations to identify the toxin. Results: The purification resulted in 32 fractions, which 4 of them were active in neuromuscular preparation. The toxin of fraction 20 were chosen for better reproducibility of the whole extract activity and its molecular mass was 730.6 Da. The toxin produced facilitation of the muscle contraction followed by a complete neuromuscular blockade in chick biventer cervicis preparation in 90 min without interfering with the exogenous response to ACh and KCl. The quantal content was increased from 128 ± 13 (control) to 216 ± 44 (after 5 min and sustained until 60 min) in the presence of the toxin. Conclusion: In conclusion, our results demonstrated that the neuromuscular action of the poison of Rhinella schneideri is a multitoxin effect. More, the present work first isolated a 730.6 Da toxin that better represent the whole poison neuromuscular effect, to which is attributed a presynaptic action in avian and mouse neuromuscular preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Rostelato-Ferreira
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Paulista (UNIP), Zip Code 18087-101, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Cháriston André Dal Belo
- Centro de Ciências Rurais de São Gabriel, Universidade Federal do Pampa (UNIPAMPA), São Gabriel, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Stephen Hyslop
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Léa Rodrigues-Simioni
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Zip Code 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Schezaro-Ramos R, Da Silva SL, Pereira BB, Santa Fé Miguel AT, Mendes B, Mogollón NGS, Hyslop S, Carregari VC, Almeida JR. In vitro effects of Crotalus atrox snake venom on chick and mouse neuromuscular preparations. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2018; 209:37-45. [PMID: 29604435 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular effect of venoms is not a major clinical manifestation shared between rattlesnakes native to the Americas, which showed two different venom phenotypes. Taking into account this dichotomy, nerve muscle preparations from mice and chicks were used to investigate the ability of Crotalus atrox venom to induce in vitro neurotoxicity and myotoxicity. Unlike crotalic venoms of South America, low concentrations of C. atrox venom did not result in significant effects on mouse neuromuscular preparations. The venom was more active on avian nerve-muscle, showing reduction of twitch heights after 120 min of incubation with 10, 30 and 100 μg/mL of venom with diminished responses to agonists and KCl. Histological analysis highlighted that C. atrox was myotoxic in both species of experimental animals; as evidenced by degenerative events, including edematous cells, delta lesions, hypercontracted fibers and muscle necrosis, which can lead to neurotoxic action. These results provide key insights into the myotoxicity and low neurotoxicity of C. atrox in two animal models, corroborating with previous genomic and proteomic findings and would be useful for a deeper understanding of venom evolution in snakes belonging to the genus Crotalus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Schezaro-Ramos
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Saulo L Da Silva
- Ikiam - Universidad Regional Amazónica, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador
| | - Beatriz B Pereira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Ananda T Santa Fé Miguel
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno Mendes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Victor C Carregari
- Proteomic and Metabonomic Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - José R Almeida
- Ikiam - Universidad Regional Amazónica, Km 7 Via Muyuna, Tena, Napo, Ecuador.
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Santos ASD, Guimarães-Sousa L, Costa MS, Zamuner LF, Sousa NC, Hyslop S, Soares AM, Chavantes MC, Cogo JC, Zamuner SR. Photobiomodulation of local alterations induced by BthTX-I, a phospholipase A2 myotoxin from Bothrops jararacussu snake venom: In vivo and in vitro evaluation. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 107:2020-2025. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.10.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Donato J, Moreno R, Hyslop S, Duarte A, Antunes E, Le Bonniec B, Rendu F, Nucci GD. Lonomia obliqua Caterpillar Spicules Trigger Human Blood Coagulation via Activation of Factor X and Prothrombin. Thromb Haemost 2017. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1614940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
SummaryIn southern Brazil, envenomation by larvae of the moth Lonomia obliqua (Walker) may result in blood clotting factor depletion, leading to disseminated intravascular coagulation with subsequent haemorrhage and acute renal failure which may prove fatal. We have examined the effect of a crude extract of spicules from these caterpillars on in vitro hemostasis. The extract alone did not aggregate platelets and had no detectable effect on purified fibrinogen, suggesting that extract induces clot formation by triggering activation of the clotting cascade. In agreement with the presence of thrombin-mediated activity, hirudin prevented clot formation. The extract was found to activate both prothrombin and factor X, suggesting that the depletion of blood clotting factors results from the steady activation of factor X and prothrombin. Heating and diisopropylfluorophosphate abolished the procoagulant activity of the extract, indicating that the active component involved is a protein that may belong to the serine protease family of enzymes. The ability of hirudin to inhibit this coagulant activity suggests that this inhibitor could be beneficial in the treatment of patients envenomed by L. obliqua caterpillars.
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Moura ALD, Hyslop S, Grassi-Kassisse DM, Spadari RC. Functional β2-adrenoceptors in rat left atria: effect of foot-shock stress. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:999-1008. [DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Altered sensitivity to the chronotropic effect of catecholamines and a reduction in the β1/β2-adrenoceptor ratio have previously been reported in right atria of stressed rats, human failing heart, and aging. In this report, we investigated whether left atrial inotropism was affected by foot-shock stress. Male rats were submitted to 3 foot-shock sessions and the left atrial inotropic response, adenylyl cyclase activity, and β-adrenoceptor expression were investigated. Left atria of stressed rats were supersensitive to isoprenaline when compared with control rats and this effect was abolished by ICI118,551, a selective β2-receptor antagonist. Schild plot slopes for the antagonism between CGP20712A (a selective β1-receptor antagonist) and isoprenaline differed from unity in atria of stressed but not control rats. Atrial sensitivity to norepinephrine, as well as basal and forskolin- or isoprenaline-stimulated adenylyl cyclase activities were not altered by stress. The effect of isoprenaline on adenylyl cyclase stimulation was partially blocked by ICI118,551 in atrial membranes of stressed rats. These findings indicate that foot-shock stress equally affects inotropism and chronotropism and that β2-adrenoceptor upregulation contributes to the enhanced inotropic response to isoprenaline.
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Affiliation(s)
- André Luiz de Moura
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Dora M. Grassi-Kassisse
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina C. Spadari
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Santos, SP, Brazil
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Collaço RDCO, Randazzo-Moura P, Tamascia ML, da Silva IRF, Rocha T, Cogo JC, Hyslop S, Sanny CG, Rodrigues-Simioni L. Erratum to "Bothrops fonsecai snake venom activities and cross-reactivity with commercial bothropic antivenom" [Comp. Biochem. Physiol. C 191 (2017) 86-100]. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 196:53. [PMID: 28268104 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia O Collaço
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Randazzo-Moura
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, Pontífica Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUCSP), Praça Dr. José Ermirio de Moraes, 290, 18030-095 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana L Tamascia
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Rapp F da Silva
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thalita Rocha
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 281, Jardim São José, 12916-900 Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - José C Cogo
- Serpentário do Centro de Estudos da Natureza, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Avenida Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, 12244-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Charles G Sanny
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University (OSU), 1111 W. 17th Street, 74107 Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Léa Rodrigues-Simioni
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Tomlinson D, Tigelaar L, Hyslop S, Lazor T, Dupuis LL, Griener K, Oliveria J, Sung L. Self-report of symptoms in children with cancer younger than 8 years of age: a systematic review. Support Care Cancer 2017; 25:2663-2670. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3740-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Dos Santos-Júnior A, Tamascia ML, Lorenzetti R, Della Torre OH, Paes LA, Fontana TS, Ferreira-Neto AP, Henriques TB, Hyslop S, de Mello MP, Celeri EHRV, Dalgalarrondo P, Guerra-Júnior G. Serum Concentration of Risperidone and Adverse Effects in Children and Adolescents. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 2017; 27:211-212. [PMID: 27779425 DOI: 10.1089/cap.2016.0114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Leite Tamascia
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (Unicamp) , Campinas, Brazil
| | - Raquel Lorenzetti
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (Unicamp) , Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Lúcia Arisaka Paes
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp) , Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago Salum Fontana
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp) , Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Taciane Barbosa Henriques
- 3 Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas , Campinas, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- 2 Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (Unicamp) , Campinas, Brazil
| | - Maricilda Palandi de Mello
- 3 Laboratory of Human Genetics, Center for Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering (CBMEG), State University of Campinas , Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Dalgalarrondo
- 1 Department of Psychiatry, State University of Campinas (Unicamp) , Campinas, Brazil
| | - Gil Guerra-Júnior
- 4 Growth and Development Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), Center for Investigation in Pediatrics (CIPED), State University of Campinas (Unicamp) , Campinas, Brazil .,5 Pediatric Endocrinology Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), State University of Campinas (Unicamp) , Campinas, Brazil
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Fernandes LCR, Galvão TF, Ricardi AST, Capitani EMD, Hyslop S, Bucaretchi F. Antidote availability in the municipality of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. SAO PAULO MED J 2017; 135:15-22. [PMID: 28301629 PMCID: PMC9969729 DOI: 10.1590/1516-3180.2016.00171120816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The lack of availability of antidotes in emergency services is a worldwide concern. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the availability of antidotes used for treating poisoning in Campinas (SP). DESIGN AND SETTING: This was a cross-sectional study of emergency services in Campinas, conducted in 2010-2012. METHODS: The availability, amount in stock, place of storage and access time for 26 antidotal treatments was investigated. In the hospitals, the availability of at least one complete treatment for a 70 kg adult over the first 24 hours of admission was evaluated based on stock and access recommendations contained in two international guidelines. RESULTS: 14 out of 17 functioning emergency services participated in the study, comprising pre-hospital services such as the public emergency ambulance service (SAMU; n = 1) and public emergency rooms for admissions lasting ≤ 24 hours (UPAs; n = 3), and 10 hospitals with emergency services. Six antidotes (atropine, sodium bicarbonate, diazepam, Phytomenadione, flumazenil and calcium gluconate) were stocked in all the services, followed by 13 units that also stocked activated charcoal, naloxone and diphenhydramine or biperiden. No service stocked all of the recommended antidotes; only the regional Poison Control Center had stocks close to recommended (22/26 antidotal treatments). The 10 hospitals had almost half of the antidotes for starting treatments, but only one quarter of the antidotes was present with stocks sufficient for providing treatment for 24 hours. CONCLUSION: The stock of antidotes for attending poisoning emergencies in the municipality of Campinas is incomplete and needs to be improved.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Taís Freire Galvão
- BPharm, MSc, PhD. Professor, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas (SP), Brazil, and Professor, Postgraduate Pharmaceutical Sciences Program, Universidade Federal do Amazonas (UFAM), Manaus (AM), Brazil.
| | - Adriana Safioti Toledo Ricardi
- RN, MSc. Nurse, Campinas Poison Control Center, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas (SP), Brazil.
| | - Eduardo Mello De Capitani
- MD, MSc, PhD. Professor, Campinas Poison Control Center, and Professor, Department of Clinical Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas (SP), Brazil.
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- BSc, PhD. Professor, Campinas Poison Control Center, and Professor, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas (SP), Brazil.
| | - Fábio Bucaretchi
- MD, MSc, PhD. Professor, Campinas Poison Control Center, and Professor, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp), Campinas (SP), Brazil.
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Collaço RDCO, Randazzo-Moura P, Tamascia ML, da Silva IRF, Rocha T, Cogo JC, Hyslop S, Sanny CG, Rodrigues-Simioni L. Bothrops fonsecai snake venom activities and cross-reactivity with commercial bothropic venom. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 191:86-100. [PMID: 27590117 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we examined some biochemical and biological activities of Bothrops fonsecai venom, a pitviper endemic to southeastern Brazil, and assessed their neutralization by commercial bothropic antivenom (CAv). Cross-reactivity of venom with CAv was also assessed by immunoblotting and size-exclusion high performance chromatography (SE-HPLC). Bothrops fonsecai venom had PLA2, proteolytic and esterase activities that were neutralized to varying extents by venom:antivenom ratios of 5:1 and 5:2 (PLA2 and esterase activities) or not significantly by either venom:antivenom ratio (proteolytic activity). The minimum hemorrhagic dose (69.2μg) was totally neutralized by both ratios. Clotting time in rat citrated plasma was 33±10.5s (mean±SD; n=5) and was completely neutralized by a 5:2 ratio. Edema formation was dose-dependent (1-30μg/site) and significantly inhibited by both ratios. Venom (10-300μg/mL) caused neuromuscular blockade in extensor digitorum longus preparations; this blockade was inhibited best by a 5:2 ratio. Venom caused myonecrosis and creatine kinase release in vivo (gastrocnemius muscle) and in vitro (extensor digitorum longus) that was effectively neutralized by both venom:antivenom ratios. Immunoblotting showed that venom components of ~25-100kDa interacted with CAv. SE-HPLC profiles for venom incubated with CAv or specific anti-B. fonsecai antivenom raised in rabbits (SAv) indicated that CAv had a higher binding capacity than SAv, whereas SAv had higher affinity than CAv. These findings indicate that B. fonsecai venom contains various activities that are neutralized to different extents by CAv and suggest that CAv could be used to treat envenoming by B. fonsecai.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita de Cássia O Collaço
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Priscila Randazzo-Moura
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil; Laboratório de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas e da Saúde, Pontífica Universidade Católica de São Paulo (PUCSP), Praça Dr. José Ermirio de Moraes, 290, 18030-095, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
| | - Mariana L Tamascia
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Igor Rapp F da Silva
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Thalita Rocha
- Laboratório Multidisciplinar de Pesquisa, Universidade São Francisco (USF), Avenida São Francisco de Assis, 281, Jardim São José, 12916-900, Bragança Paulista, SP, Brazil
| | - José C Cogo
- Serpentário do Centro de Estudos da Natureza, Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Avenida Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Urbanova, 12244-000, São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Charles G Sanny
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Center for Health Sciences, Oklahoma State University (OSU), 1111 W. 17th Street, 74107, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - Léa Rodrigues-Simioni
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, 126, 13083-887, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Dias L, Rodrigues MA, Rennó AL, Stroka A, Inoue BR, Panunto PC, Melgarejo AR, Hyslop S. Hemodynamic responses to Lachesis muta (South American bushmaster) snake venom in anesthetized rats. Toxicon 2016; 123:1-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Dias L, Rodrigues MA, Inoue BR, Rodrigues RL, Rennó AL, de Souza VB, Torres-Huaco FD, Sousa NC, Stroka A, Melgarejo AR, Hyslop S. Pharmacological analysis of hemodynamic responses to Lachesis muta (South American bushmaster) snake venom in anesthetized rats. Toxicon 2016; 123:25-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 10/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Yoshida EH, Tribuiani N, Foramiglio AL, Foramiglio CA, da Silva Tavares RV, Bonomini TJ, Bueno PCP, Cavalheiro AJ, Hyslop S, Puebla P, Feliciano AS, Oshima-Franco Y. A Highly Polar Phytocomplex Involving Rutin is Responsible for the Neuromuscular Facilitation Caused by Casearia sylvestris (guaçatonga). Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2016; 17:1360-1368. [PMID: 27855599 DOI: 10.2174/1389201017666161117145947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Of the various biological activities ascribed to extracts from Casearia sylvestris (guaçatonga), its facilitatory activity, i.e., ability to increase skeletal muscle contractile amplitude, has promising therapeutic applications. In this work, we investigated the components responsible for the previously described neurofacilitation caused by C. sylvestris leaves. METHODS The methanolic fraction of C. sylvestris leaves was initially fractionated by column chromatography and partitioned in a MeOH:H2O gradient. The resulting fractions were analyzed by analytical HPLC and yielded fraction 5:5 (F55) that was subjected to solid phase extraction and preparative HPLC. Of the seven resulting subfractions, only F55-6 caused muscle facilitation. Subfractions F55-6 and F55-7 (similar in composition to F55-6 by TLC analysis, but inactive) were analyzed by 1H-NMR to identify their constituents. RESULTS This analysis identified a rutin-glycoside phytocomplex that caused neurofacilitation, a property that commercial rutin alone did not exhibit. CONCLUSION F55-6 apparently caused neurofacilitation by the same mechanism (presynaptic action) as the methanolic fraction since its activity was also inhibited in tetrodotoxin-pretreated preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoko Oshima-Franco
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacy Course, University of Sorocaba, Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92,5 18023-000, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.. Brazil
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Bucaretchi F, De Capitani EM, Fernandes CB, Santos TM, Zamilute IAG, Hyslop S. Fatal ischemic stroke following Tityus serrulatus scorpion sting in a patient with essential thrombocythemia. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2016; 54:867-870. [DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2016.1204454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Bucaretchi
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M. De Capitani
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Carla B. Fernandes
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. Santos
- Emergency Department, University Teaching Hospital, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Igor A. G. Zamilute
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
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Giaretta VMDA, Santos LP, Barbosa AM, Hyslop S, Corrado AP, Galhardo MS, Nicolau RA, Cogo JC. Low-intensity laser therapy improves tetanic contractions in mouse anterior tibialis muscle injected with Bothrops jararaca snake venom. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1590/2446-4740.04515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Bucaretchi F, De Capitani EM, Vieira RJ, Rodrigues CK, Zannin M, Da Silva NJ, Casais-e-Silva LL, Hyslop S. Coral snake bites (Micrurus spp.) in Brazil: a review of literature reports. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2016; 54:222-34. [DOI: 10.3109/15563650.2015.1135337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Bucaretchi
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Mello De Capitani
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronan José Vieira
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cinthia K. Rodrigues
- Santa Catarina Poison Control Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Marlene Zannin
- Santa Catarina Poison Control Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
- Department of Pathology, Health Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Nelson J. Da Silva
- Department of Biology, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Stephen Hyslop
- Campinas Poison Control Center, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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Rocha-E-Silva TAA, Linardi A, Antunes E, Hyslop S. Pharmacological Characterization of the Edema Caused by Vitalius dubius (Theraphosidae, Mygalomorphae) Spider Venom in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:13-9. [PMID: 26607257 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.226787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bites by tarantulas (Theraphosidae, Mygalomorphae) in humans can result in mild clinical manifestations such as local pain, erythema, and edema. Vitalius dubius is a medium-sized, nonaggressive theraphosid found in southeastern Brazil. In this work, we investigated the mediators involved in the plasma extravasation caused by V. dubius venom in rats. The venom caused dose-dependent (0.1-100 μg/site) edema in rat dorsal skin. This edema was significantly inhibited by ((S)1-{2-[3(3-4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(3-iso-propoxyphenylacetyl)piperidine-3-yl]ethyl}-4-phenyl-1-azoniabicyclo[2.2.2]octone, chloride) (SR140333, a neurokinin NK1 receptor antagonist), indomethacin [a nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor], cyproheptadine (a serotonin 5-hydroxytryptamine1/2 and histamine H1 receptor antagonist), and N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor). In contrast, mepyramine (a histamine H1 receptor antagonist), D-Arg-[Hyp(3),Thi(5),D-Tic(7),Oic(8)-]-BK (JE 049, a bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist), and ((S)-N-methyl-N-[4-(4-acetylamino-4-phenylpiperidino)-2-(3,4-di-chlorophenyl)butyl]benzamide) (SR48968, a neurokinin NK2 receptor antagonist) had no effect on the venom-induced increase in vascular permeability. In rat hind paws, the venom-induced edema was attenuated by ketoprofen (a nonselective COX inhibitor) administered 15 minutes postvenom. Preincubation of venom with commercial antiarachnid antivenom attenuated the venom-induced edema. These results suggest that the enhanced vascular permeability evoked by V. dubius venom involves serotonin, COX products, neurokinin NK1 receptors, and nitric oxide formation. The attenuation of hind paw edema by ketoprofen suggests that COX inhibitors could be useful in treating the local inflammatory response to bites by these spiders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomaz A A Rocha-E-Silva
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (T.A.A.R.S., E.A., S.H.); and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (T.A.A.R.S., A.L.)
| | - Alessandra Linardi
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (T.A.A.R.S., E.A., S.H.); and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (T.A.A.R.S., A.L.)
| | - Edson Antunes
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (T.A.A.R.S., E.A., S.H.); and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (T.A.A.R.S., A.L.)
| | - Stephen Hyslop
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil (T.A.A.R.S., E.A., S.H.); and Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas da Santa Casa de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil (T.A.A.R.S., A.L.)
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Ferraz MC, de Oliveira JL, de Oliveira Junior JR, Cogo JC, dos Santos MG, Franco LM, Puebla P, Ferraz HO, Ferraz HG, da Rocha MMT, Hyslop S, San Feliciano A, Oshima-Franco Y. The Triterpenoid Betulin Protects against the Neuromuscular Effects of Bothrops jararacussu Snake Venom In Vivo. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2015; 2015:939523. [PMID: 26633987 PMCID: PMC4655057 DOI: 10.1155/2015/939523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We confirmed the ability of the triterpenoid betulin to protect against neurotoxicity caused by Bothrops jararacussu snake venom in vitro in mouse isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) preparations and examined its capability of in vivo protection using the rat external popliteal/sciatic nerve-tibialis anterior (EPSTA) preparation. Venom caused complete, irreversible blockade in PND (40 μg/mL), but only partial blockade (~30%) in EPSTA (3.6 mg/kg, i.m.) after 120 min. In PND, preincubation of venom with commercial bothropic antivenom (CBA) attenuated the venom-induced blockade, and, in EPSTA, CBA given i.v. 15 min after venom also attenuated the blockade (by ~70% in both preparations). Preincubation of venom with betulin (200 μg/mL) markedly attenuated the venom-induced blockade in PND; similarly, a single dose of betulin (20 mg, i.p., 15 min after venom) virtually abolished the venom-induced decrease in contractility. Plasma creatine kinase activity was significantly elevated 120 min after venom injection in the EPSTA but was attenuated by CBA and betulin. These results indicate that betulin given i.p. has a similar efficacy as CBA given i.v. in attenuating the neuromuscular effects of B. jararacussu venom in vivo and could be a useful complementary measure to antivenom therapy for treating snakebite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriéle Cristina Ferraz
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacy Course, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92,5, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Jhones Luiz de Oliveira
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacy Course, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92,5, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Joel Reis de Oliveira Junior
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacy Course, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92,5, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Carlos Cogo
- Serpentarium of the Center for Nature Studies and Institute for Research and Development (IP&D), Vale do Paraíba University (UNIVAP), Avenida Shishima Hifumi 291, 12244-000 São José dos Campos, SP, Brazil
| | - Márcio Galdino dos Santos
- Post-Graduate Program in Environmental Sciences, Tocantins Federal University, Avenida NS15, ALC NO14, 109 Norte, 77001-090 Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Luiz Madaleno Franco
- Pharmacy Course, Methodist University of Piracicaba (UNIMEP), Rodovia do Açúcar, Km 156, 13423-170 Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Pilar Puebla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Salamanca University, Campus “Miguel de Unamuno”, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Helena Onishi Ferraz
- Pharmacy Course, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Rua Prof. Artur Riedel 275, 09972-270 Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Humberto Gomes Ferraz
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Avenida Prof. Lineu Prestes 580, 05434-070 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Stephen Hyslop
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo 126, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz, 13083-870 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Arturo San Feliciano
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Salamanca University, Campus “Miguel de Unamuno”, 37007 Salamanca, Spain
| | - Yoko Oshima-Franco
- Post-Graduate Program in Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmacy Course, University of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, Km 92,5, 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
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Bucaretchi F, Fernandes CB, Branco MM, De Capitani EM, Hyslop S, Caldas JPS, Moreno CA, Porta G. Acute liver failure in a term neonate after repeated paracetamol administration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 32:144-8. [PMID: 24676202 PMCID: PMC4183003 DOI: 10.1590/s0103-05822014000100021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Severe hepatotoxicity caused by paracetamol is rare in neonates. We report a case
of paracetamol-induced acute liver failure in a term neonate. Case description: A 26-day-old boy was admitted with intestinal bleeding, shock signs, slight liver
enlargement, coagulopathy, metabolic acidosis (pH=7.21; bicarbonate: 7.1mEq/L),
hypoglycemia (18mg/dL), increased serum aminotransferase activity (AST=4,039IU/L;
ALT=1,087IU/L) and hyperbilirubinemia (total: 9.57mg/dL; direct: 6.18mg/dL) after
receiving oral paracetamol (10mg/kg/dose every 4 hours) for three consecutive days
(total dose around 180mg/kg; serum concentration 36-48 hours after the last dose
of 77µg/ mL). Apart from supportive measures, the patient was successfully treated
with intravenous N-acetylcysteine infusion during 11 consecutive days, and was
discharged on day 34. The follow-up revealed full recovery of clinical and of
laboratory findings of hepatic function. Comments: The paracetamol pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in neonates and infants
differ substantially from those in older children and adults. Despite the reduced
rates of metabolism by the P-450 CYP2E1 enzyme system and the increased ability to
synthesize glutathione - which provides greater resistance after overdoses -, it
is possible to produce hepatotoxic metabolites (N-acetyl-p-benzoquinone) that
cause hepatocellular damage, if glutathione sources are depleted. Paracetamol
clearance is reduced and the half-life of elimination is prolonged. Therefore, a
particular dosing regimen should be followed due to the toxicity risk of
cumulative doses. This report highlights the risk for severe hepatotoxicity in
neonates after paracetamol multiple doses for more than two to three days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fábio Bucaretchi
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Carla Borrasca Fernandes
- Centro de Controle de Intoxicacoes, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Maíra Migliari Branco
- Centro de Controle de Intoxicacoes, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Stephen Hyslop
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas, Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - Jamil Pedro S Caldas
- Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal, Hospital da Mulher Professor Doutor Jose Aristodemo Pinotti, Unicamp, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | | | - Gilda Porta
- Departamento de Pediatria, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, SP, Brasil
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Werner A, Ferraz M, Yoshida E, Tribuiani N, Gautuz J, Santana M, Dezzotti B, Miranda V, Foramiglio A, Rostelato-Ferreira S, Tavares R, Hyslop S, Oshima-Franco Y. The Facilitatory Effect of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (guaçatonga) Fractions on the Contractile Activity of Mammalian and Avian Neuromuscular Apparatus. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201016666150303160625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Werner AC, Ferraz MC, Yoshida EH, Tribuiani N, Gautuz JAA, Santana MN, Dezzotti BA, de Miranda VG, Foramiglio AL, Rostelato-Ferreira S, da Silva Tavares RV, Hyslop S, Oshima-Franco Y. The Facilitatory Effect of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (guaçatonga) Fractions on the Contractile Activity of Mammalian and Avian Neuromuscular Apparatus. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2015:CPB-EPUB-65631. [PMID: 25738388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many natural products influence neurotransmission and are used clinically. In particular, facilitatory agents can enhance neurotransmission and are potentially useful for treating neuromuscular diseases in which muscular weakness is the major symptom. In this work, we investigated the facilitatory effect of apolar to polar fractions of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (guaçatonga) on contractility in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) and chick biventer cervicis (BC) neuromuscular preparations exposed to indirect (via the nerve; 3 V stimuli) and direct (30 V stimuli) muscle stimulation in the absence and presence of pharmacological antagonists. Methanolic and ethyl acetate fractions, but not hexane or dichloromethane fractions, exerted a facilitatory effect on PND (indirect stimulation). The methanolic fraction was chosen for further assays to assess the involvement of: 1) presynaptic sites (axons or nerve terminals), 2) postsynaptic sites (cholinergic receptors, sarcolemma or T-tubules), and 3) the synaptic cleft (acetylcholinesterase enzyme). In preparations treated with d-tubocurarine, the methanolic fraction did not cause facilitation in response to direct stimuli; this fraction was also unable to reverse dantrolene-induced blockade (indirect stimulation). In curarized preparations, the methanolic fraction either restored neuromuscular transmission (mimicking the effect of neostigmine) or failed to cause any recovery of neurotransmission. In the presence of 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP), the methanolic fraction decreased twitch amplitude, whereas at a high frequency of stimulation (40 Hz) there was an increase in tetanic tension. In BC preparations, the methanolic fraction did not affect contractures to exogenous acetylcholine or potassium chloride. Incubation with atropine showed there was certain modulation by prejunctional nicotinic receptors, whereas treatment with nifedipine showed that the neurofacilitation required the entry of extracellular calcium. Tetrodotoxin did not prevent the facilitatory effect of 3,4-DAP or neostigmine, but antagonized the response to the methanolic fraction. These findings indicate that neuronal sodium channels have an important role in the facilitatory response to the methanolic fraction, with extracellular calcium entry via calcium channels modulating this neurofacilitation. Possible modulation of prejunctional cholinoceptors was not excluded, particularly in view of certain antagonism by the methanolic fraction at muscarinic receptors. Since facilitation by the methanolic fraction involved enhanced acetylcholine release, use of this fraction could be potentially beneficial in neuromuscular diseases and in the reversal of residual paralysis in the post-operative period or after local anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoko Oshima-Franco
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92.5, 18023-000, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
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Floriano RS, Rocha T, Carregari VC, Marangoni S, da Cruz-Höfling MA, Hyslop S, Rodrigues-Simioni L, Rowan EG. The neuromuscular activity of Bothriopsis bilineata smaragdina (forest viper) venom and its toxin Bbil-TX (Asp49 phospholipase A2) on isolated mouse nerve-muscle preparations. Toxicon 2015; 96:24-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Werner AC, Ferraz MC, Yoshida EH, Tribuiani N, Gautuz JAA, Santana MN, Dezzotti BA, de Miranda VG, Foramiglio AL, Rostelato-Ferreira S, Tavares RVDS, Hyslop S, Oshima-Franco Y. The facilitatory effect of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (guaçatonga) fractions on the contractile activity of mammalian and avian neuromuscular apparatus. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2015; 16:468-481. [PMID: 25751174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 12/21/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Many natural products influence neurotransmission and are used clinically. In particular, facilitatory agents can enhance neurotransmission and are potentially useful for treating neuromuscular diseases in which muscular weakness is the major symptom. In this work, we investigated the facilitatory effect of apolar to polar fractions of Casearia sylvestris Sw. (guaçatonga) on contractility in mouse phrenic nerve-diaphragm (PND) and chick biventer cervicis (BC) neuromuscular preparations exposed to indirect (via the nerve; 3 V stimuli) and direct (30 V stimuli) muscle stimulation in the absence and presence of pharmacological antagonists. Methanolic and ethyl acetate fractions, but not hexane or dichloromethane fractions, exerted a facilitatory effect on PND (indirect stimulation). The methanolic fraction was chosen for further assays to assess the involvement of: 1) presynaptic sites (axons or nerve terminals), 2) postsynaptic sites (cholinergic receptors, sarcolemma or T-tubules), and 3) the synaptic cleft (acetylcholinesterase enzyme). In preparations treated with d-tubocurarine, the methanolic fraction did not cause facilitation in response to direct stimuli; this fraction was also unable to reverse dantrolene-induced blockade (indirect stimulation). In curarized preparations, the methanolic fraction either restored neuromuscular transmission (mimicking the effect of neostigmine) or failed to cause any recovery of neurotransmission. In the presence of 3,4-diaminopyridine (3,4-DAP), the methanolic fraction decreased twitch amplitude, whereas at a high frequency of stimulation (40 Hz) there was an increase in tetanic tension. In BC preparations, the methanolic fraction did not affect contractures to exogenous acetylcholine or potassium chloride. Incubation with atropine showed there was certain modulation by prejunctional nicotinic receptors, whereas treatment with nifedipine showed that the neurofacilitation required the entry of extracellular calcium. Tetrodotoxin did not prevent the facilitatory effect of 3,4-DAP or neostigmine, but antagonized the response to the methanolic fraction. These findings indicate that neuronal sodium channels have an important role in the facilitatory response to the methanolic fraction, with extracellular calcium entry via calcium channels modulating this neurofacilitation. Possible modulation of prejunctional cholinoceptors was not excluded, particularly in view of certain antagonism by the methanolic fraction at muscarinic receptors. Since facilitation by the methanolic fraction involved enhanced acetylcholine release, use of this fraction could be potentially beneficial in neuromuscular diseases and in the reversal of residual paralysis in the post-operative period or after local anaesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yoko Oshima-Franco
- Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade de Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo Tavares, km 92.5, 18023-000, Sorocaba, SP, Brazil.
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