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Shohdy K, Pillai M, Abbas K, Allison J, Waddell T, Darlington E, Mohammad S, Hood S, Atkinson S, Simpson K, Morgan D, Nathan P, Kilgour E, Dive C, Thistlethwaite F. Immune biomarker evaluation of sequential tyrosine kinase inhibitor and nivolumab monotherapies in renal cell carcinoma: the phase I TRIBE trial. Immunooncol Technol 2024; 22:100712. [PMID: 38694705 PMCID: PMC11059457 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2024.100712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Background Predictive biomarkers for immune checkpoint blockade in the second-line treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) are lacking. Materials and methods Patients with histologically confirmed RCC who started nivolumab after at least 4 months of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) were recruited for this study. Serial tissue and blood samples were collected for immune biomarker evaluation. The primary endpoint was to determine the association of specific T-cell subsets with clinical outcomes tested using Wilcoxon rank sum for clinical benefit rate (CBR) and log-rank test for progression-free survival (PFS). Results Twenty patients were included in this trial with a median age of 64 years and followed-up for a median of 12 months. The median PFS for patients who received TKI was 13.8 months, while for those subsequently treated with nivolumab following TKI therapy, the median PFS was 2.6 months. CBR of nivolumab was 20% with two partial responses. Functionally active programmed cell death protein 1+ CD4+ T cells were enriched in non-responders (q = 0.003) and associated with worse PFS on nivolumab (P = 0.04). Responders showed a significant reduction in the effector CD4+T-cell (TEF) fraction compared to non-responders at 3 months on nivolumab (0.40 versus 0.80, P = 0.0005). CD127+CD4+ T cells were enriched in patients who developed immune-related adverse effects (q = 0.003). Using in-house validated multiplex immunohistochemistry for six markers, we measured tumour-associated immune cell densities in tissue samples. Responders to nivolumab showed a significantly higher mean of immune cell densities in tissue samples compared to non-responders (346 versus 87 cells/mm2, P = 0.04). Conclusions In this small study, analysis of tissue-based and peripheral blood immune cell subsets predicted clinical outcomes of nivolumab. Further studies are warranted with larger populations to validate these observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- K.S. Shohdy
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M. Pillai
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - K.S. Abbas
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - J. Allison
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - T. Waddell
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | | | - S. Mohammad
- Cancer Biomarker Centre, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - S. Hood
- Cancer Biomarker Centre, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - S. Atkinson
- Cancer Biomarker Centre, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - K. Simpson
- Cancer Biomarker Centre, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - D. Morgan
- Cancer Biomarker Centre, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - P. Nathan
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre - East and North Herts NHS Trust, Northwood, Middlesex, UK
| | - E. Kilgour
- Cancer Biomarker Centre, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - C. Dive
- Cancer Biomarker Centre, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, Manchester, UK
| | - F. Thistlethwaite
- The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Shipton C, Aitken J, Atkinson S, Burchmore R, Hamilton R, MacTier H, McGill S, Millar E, Houtman AC. 5 Tear proteins in premature babies at risk of retinopathy of prematurity. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2023; 8:A2. [PMID: 37797984 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-biposa.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This feasibility study aimed to investigate the feasibility of collecting and analysing tear proteins from preterm infants at risk of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). Additionally, we sought to identify any tear proteins which might be implicated in the pathophysiology of ROP.Eligible infants were those undergoing ROP screening without other ocular pathology. Tear samples were obtained by Schirmer's test strips coincident with routine ROP screening. Mass spectrometry was used for proteomic analysis. All participants' parents gave written, informed consent.Samples were collected from 12 infants, including two sets of twins. Gestation ranged from 25+6 to 31+1 weeks. Median postnatal age at sampling was 30.5 days (range 19 to 66). One infant developed self-limiting ROP. An adequate sample for protein analysis was obtained from each infant. 701 proteins were identified; 261 proteins identified in the majority of tear samples, including several common tear proteins, were used for analyses.Increased risk of ROP as determined by G-ROP prediction criteria was associated with an increase in lactate dehydrogenase B (LDH-B) chain protein in tears. Older, more mature infants demonstrated increased concentration of immunoglobulin complexes within their tear samples and two sets of twins in the cohort showed exceptionally similar proteomes, supporting validity of the analysis.Tear sampling by Schirmer test strips and subsequent proteomic analysis in preterm infants is feasible. A larger study is required to investigate the potential use of tear proteomics in early identification of ROP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Shipton
- Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - J Aitken
- Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | | | - H MacTier
- Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - S McGill
- Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - E Millar
- Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, UK
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Wiechmann A, Garcia V, Elton L, Williams P, Atkinson S. Reciprocal regulation of NagC and quorum sensing systems and their roles in hmsHFRS expression and biofilm formation in Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Microbiology (Reading) 2023; 169:001397. [PMID: 37815525 PMCID: PMC10634360 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.001397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm formation by Yersinia pseudotuberculosis is regulated by quorum sensing (QS) and dependent on the haemin storage locus hms , required for the extracellular polysaccharide poly-N -acetylglucosamine (poly-GlcNAc) production. In Escherichia coli NagC regulates both GlcNAc biosynthesis and metabolism with GlcNAc acting as a signal that co-ordinates these and other activities. However, the contribution of NagC and GlcNAc to biofilm development in Y. pseudotuberculosis is not known. Here we show that a Y. pseudotuberculosis nagC mutant is impaired for biofilm production on abiotic (glass) and biotic (Caenorhabitis elegans ) surfaces. Genetic complementation restored poly-GlcNAc production and biofilm formation on C. elegans . Using lux -based promoter fusions, hmsHFRS expression was found to be nagC dependent. Given that NagC and QS both regulate aggregation and biofilm formation, we investigated their regulatory relationship using lux -based promoter fusions. These revealed that (i) nagC is negatively autoregulated, but expression can be partially restored in the nagC mutant by exogenous GlcNAc, (ii) NagC negatively regulates the ytbI and ypsI QS genes and (iii) nagC expression is reduced in the ytbI , ypsI and ypsR mutants but not the ytbR mutant. These data establish the existence of a reciprocal regulatory relationship between NagC and QS, which in the case of the luxRI pair ytbRI , is also GlcNAc-dependent. NagC and GlcNAc are therefore components of a regulatory system involving QS that modulates biofilm formation and aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Wiechmann
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Vanina Garcia
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Linzy Elton
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
- Present address: Division of Infection and Immunity, University College, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Paul Williams
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Steve Atkinson
- Biodiscovery Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK
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Schneider C, El-Koubani O, Intzepogazoglou D, Atkinson S, Menon K, Patel AG, Ross P, Srirajaskanthan R, Prachalias AA, Srinivasan P. Evaluation of treatment delays in hepatopancreatico-biliary surgery during the first COVID-19 wave. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:S12-S17. [PMID: 35175785 PMCID: PMC10390244 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The COVID-19 pandemic has caused oncological services worldwide to face unprecedented challenges resulting in treatment disruption for surgical patients. Hepatopancreatico-biliary (HPB) cancers are characterised by rapid disease progression. This study aims to assess delays in receiving surgery for this patient cohort during the first COVID-19 wave. METHODS Patients undergoing surgery between April and July 2020 (COVID-19 period) were compared with a control group from the preceding year. Delay in receiving surgery was defined as more than 50 days between referral and surgery date. Statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate predictors of delay and short-term outcomes. RESULTS During the COVID-19 and pre-COVID-19 periods, 94 and 115 patients underwent surgery, respectively. No patients contracted COVID-19 postoperatively. Some 118 patients waited more than 50 days for surgery versus 91 who received surgery within 50 days from referral. Independent predictors for surgical delay were undergoing surgery in the COVID-19 era (odds ratio (OR) 2.2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.2-4.1; p=0.015), referral pathway (OR 35.1, 95% CI 4.2-296; p=0.001) and presenting pathology (OR 8.3, 95% CI 1.2-56.1; p=0.03). Short-term outcomes were comparable between groups. CONCLUSIONS Patient referral pathway and presenting pathology may contribute to delays in undergoing HPB cancer surgery during COVID-19 outbreaks. It is hoped that a better understanding of these factors will aid in designing shifts in healthcare policy during future pandemic outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schneider
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - O El-Koubani
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - S Atkinson
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - K Menon
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A G Patel
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - P Ross
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | - P Srinivasan
- King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Atkinson S, McKeown A, Caveney D, West E, Kennedy PJ, Macinnes S. The SECURE STAIRS Framework: Preliminary Evaluation of Trauma Informed Training Developments Within the Children and Young People's Secure Estate. Community Ment Health J 2023; 59:1129-1135. [PMID: 36749491 PMCID: PMC9903271 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-023-01092-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The SECURE STAIRS framework promotes trauma informed understanding and training across the workforce to inform work with children and young people. A component of the framework is the 'Trauma Informed Practice with Children and Young People in Secure Settings' (TIPSS) training programme for multidisciplinary staff. Between November 2020 and May 2021, a total of 123 members of multidisciplinary staff from a Secure Children's Home (SCH) in the North East of England attended five-day TIPSS training. A pre-post repeated measures design was adopted. Paired samples t-tests were used to analyse pre- and post- questionnaires regarding self-reported levels of (i) knowledge, (ii) understanding and (iii) confidence across Attachment and Developmental Trauma, Understanding Complex Behaviour and Trauma Informed Care training modules. Staff reported significant (p ≤ .001) post-training improvements in knowledge, understanding, and confidence across all three training modules. Implications of findings are discussed, and further developments outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Atkinson
- The Kolvin Service, Specialist Children & Young People’s Services CBU, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, St Nicholas House, St Nicholas Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE33XT UK
| | - A. McKeown
- The Kolvin Service, Specialist Children & Young People’s Services CBU, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, St Nicholas House, St Nicholas Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE33XT UK
| | - D. Caveney
- The Kolvin Service, Specialist Children & Young People’s Services CBU, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, St Nicholas House, St Nicholas Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE33XT UK
| | - E. West
- The Kolvin Service, Specialist Children & Young People’s Services CBU, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, St Nicholas House, St Nicholas Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE33XT UK
| | - P. J. Kennedy
- The Kolvin Service, Specialist Children & Young People’s Services CBU, Cumbria, Northumberland, Tyne and Wear NHS Foundation Trust, St Nicholas House, St Nicholas Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE33XT UK
| | - S. Macinnes
- Aycliffe Secure Centre, Newton Aycliffe, DL56JB UK
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Fell HG, Jones M, Atkinson S, Stenseth NC, Algar AC. The role of reservoir species in mediating plague's dynamic response to climate. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:230021. [PMID: 37206964 PMCID: PMC10189594 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The distribution and transmission of Yersinia pestis, the bacterial agent of plague, responds dynamically to climate, both within wildlife reservoirs and human populations. The exact mechanisms mediating plague's response to climate are still poorly understood, particularly across large environmentally heterogeneous regions encompassing several reservoir species. A heterogeneous response to precipitation was observed in plague intensity across northern and southern China during the Third Pandemic. This has been attributed to the response of reservoir species in each region. We use environmental niche modelling and hindcasting methods to test the response of a broad range of reservoir species to precipitation. We find little support for the hypothesis that the response of reservoir species to precipitation mediated the impact of precipitation on plague intensity. We instead observed that precipitation variables were of limited importance in defining species niches and rarely showed the expected response to precipitation across northern and southern China. These findings do not suggest that precipitation-reservoir species dynamics never influence plague intensity but that instead, the response of reservoir species to precipitation across a single biome cannot be assumed and that limited numbers of reservoir species may have a disproportional impact upon plague intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Jones
- School of Geography, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK
| | - Steve Atkinson
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, Nottingham University, Nottingham NG7 2JE, UK
| | - Nils Christian Stenseth
- Department of Biosciences, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, University of Oslo, Oslo 0316, Norway
- Department of Earth System Science, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Adam C. Algar
- Department of Biology, Lakehead University, Ontario P7B 5E1, Canada
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Yang R, Atkinson S, Chen Z, Cui Y, Du Z, Han Y, Sebbane F, Slavin P, Song Y, Yan Y, Wu Y, Xu L, Zhang C, Zhang Y, Hinnebusch BJ, Stenseth NC, Motin VL. Yersinia pestis and Plague: some knowns and unknowns. Zoonoses (Burlingt) 2023; 3:5. [PMID: 37602146 PMCID: PMC10438918 DOI: 10.15212/zoonoses-2022-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Since its first identification in 1894 during the third pandemic in Hong Kong, there has been significant progress of understanding the lifestyle of Yersinia pestis, the pathogen that is responsible for plague. Although we now have some understanding of the pathogen's physiology, genetics, genomics, evolution, gene regulation, pathogenesis and immunity, there are many unknown aspects of the pathogen and its disease development. Here, we focus on some of the knowns and unknowns relating to Y. pestis and plague. We notably focus on some key Y. pestis physiological and virulence traits that are important for its mammal-flea-mammal life cycle but also its emergence from the enteropathogen Yersinia pseudotuberculosis. Some aspects of the genetic diversity of Y. pestis, the distribution and ecology of plague as well as the medical countermeasures to protect our population are also provided. Lastly, we present some biosafety and biosecurity information related to Y. pestis and plague.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifu Yang
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Steve Atkinson
- School of Life Sciences, Centre for Biomolecular Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ziqi Chen
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujun Cui
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Zongmin Du
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yanping Han
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Florent Sebbane
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur Lille, U1019-UMR 9017-CIIL-Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Philip Slavin
- Division of History and Politics, University of Stirling, Stirling FK9 4LJ, UK
| | - Yajun Song
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yanfeng Yan
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Yarong Wu
- Beijing Institute of Microbiology and Epidemiology, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Lei Xu
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Chutian Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - B. Joseph Hinnebusch
- Laboratory of Bacteriology, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH, Hamilton, Montana, USA
| | - Nils Chr. Stenseth
- Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis, Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Vladimir L. Motin
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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Atkinson S, Branch TA, Pack AA, Straley JM, Moran JR, Gabriele C, Mashburn KL, Cates K, Yin S. Pregnancy rate and reproductive hormones in humpback whale blubber: Dominant form of progesterone differs during pregnancy. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 330:114151. [PMID: 36341970 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2022.114151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
To better understand reproductive physiology of humpback whales Megaptera novaeangliae that reside in Hawai'i and Alaska, enzyme immunoassays were validated for both progesterone and testosterone in free-ranging and stranded animals (n = 185 biopsies). Concentrations were analyzed between different depths of large segments of blubber taken from skin to muscle layers of stranded female (n = 2, 1 pregnant, 1 non-pregnant) and male (n = 1) whales. Additionally, progesterone metabolites were identified between pregnant (n = 1) and non-pregnant (n = 3) females using high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Progesterone concentrations were compared between juvenile (i.e., sexually immature), lactating, and pregnant females, and male whales, and pregnancy rates of sexually mature females were calculated. Based on replicate samples from ship struck animals collected at 7 depth locations, blubber containing the highest concentration of progesterone was located 1 cm below the skin for females, and the highest concentration of testosterone was in the skin layer of one male whale. HPLC of blubber samples of pregnant and non-pregnant females contain different immunoreactive progesterone metabolites, with the non-pregnant female eluate comprised of a more polar, and possibly conjugated, form of progesterone than the pregnant female. In females, concentrations of progesterone were highest in the blubber of pregnant (n = 28, 28.6 ± 6.9 ng/g), followed by lactating (n = 16, 0.9 ± 0.1 ng/g), and female juvenile (n = 5, 1.0 ± 0.2 ng/g) whales. Progesterone concentrations in male (n = 24, 0.6 ng/g ± 0.1 ng/g) tissues were the lowest all groups, and not different from lactating or juvenile females. Estimated summer season pregnancy rate among sexually mature females from the Hawai'i stock of humpback whales was 0.562 (95 % confidence interval 0.528-0.605). For lactating females, the year-round pregnancy rate was 0.243 (0.09-0.59), and varies depending on the threshold of progesterone assumed for pregnancy in the range between 3.1 and 28.5 ng/g. Our results demonstrate the synergistic value added when combining immunoreactive assays, HPLC, and long-term sighting histories to further knowledge of humpback whale reproductive physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Atkinson
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.
| | - T A Branch
- University of Washington, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, Box 355020, Washington 98105, USA.
| | - A A Pack
- Departments of Psychology and Biology, University of Hawai'i at Hilo, 200 West Kawili Street, Hilo, HI 96720, USA; The Dolphin Institute, P.O. Box 6279, Hilo, HI 96720, USA.
| | - J M Straley
- University of Alaska Southeast, 1332 Seward Avenue, Sitka, AK 99835, USA.
| | - J R Moran
- National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, Ted Stevens Marine Research Institute, 17109 Pt. Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.
| | - C Gabriele
- Hawai'i Marine Mammal Consortium, P.O. Box 6107, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA; Glacier Bay National Park & Preserve, P.O. Box 140, Gustavus, AK 99826, USA.
| | - K L Mashburn
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.
| | - K Cates
- University of Alaska Fairbanks, College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, 17101 Point Lena Loop Road, Juneau, AK 99801, USA.
| | - S Yin
- Hawai'i Marine Mammal Consortium, P.O. Box 6107, Kamuela, HI 96743, USA.
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Crawford E, Garnick M, Atkinson S, Boldt-Houle M, Kassabian V. Major adverse cardiovascular event risk following androgen deprivation therapy initiation by cardiovascular history. Eur Urol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(22)00603-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Atkinson S, Boldt-Houle D, Shore N. Impact of late dosing on testosterone suppression with two different leuprolide acetate formulations: In situ gel and microsphere – an analysis of US clinical data. Eur Urol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(21)01593-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Jiang XY, Atkinson S, Pearson R, Leaning D, Cumming S, Burns A, Azzabi A, Frew J, McMenemin R, Pedley ID. Optimising Radium 223 Therapy for Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer -5-year Real-World Outcome: Focusing on Treatment Sequence and Quality of Life. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2020; 32:e177-e187. [PMID: 32448724 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Real-world evidence of radium 223 (Ra-223) for the treatment of men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer is emerging. In this prospective single-centre service evaluation, we report for the first time in the UK, real-world quality of life (QoL) and survival outcomes, including the sequencing impact, in 228 treated patients. We aim to share our 5-year experience on how to optimise Ra-223 treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients who received Ra-223 therapy between 2014 and 2018 at the Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK were included in this evaluation. Demographics, clinical characteristics, blood parameters, treatment sequencing and QoL data using abbreviated Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Prostate questionnaires were prospectively collected and analysed. RESULTS In total, 228 patients were included; median age 72 years (51-87). The medium overall survival was 11.1 months. Overall survival in post-chemotherapy and chemotherapy-naïve patients was 8.1 and 12.3 months, respectively (P = 0.02, hazard ratio 1.52, 95% confidence interval 1.06-2.17); in pre-enzalutamide and post-enzalutamide patients was 11.3 and 10.4 months, respectively (P = 0.65, hazard ratio 0.92, 95% confidence interval 0.63-1.33); in pre-abiraterone and prednisolone and post-abiraterone and prednisolone patients was 11.8 and 10.5 months, respectively (P = 0.08, hazard ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval 0.51-1.06); in this latter group, the fracture rate was 24% (15/63). QoL post Ra-223 (n = 101 evaluated) showed that pain scores improved in 54%, there was no change in 17% and pain scores worsened in 30% of treated patients. Overall QoL scores showed a similar trend. QoL was not significantly associated with overall survival. CONCLUSIONS Ra-223 palliates pain and improves disease-related QoL in most patients in the real-world setting. Our survival outcome is comparable with other real-world studies. Chemotherapy-naïve patients seemed to have better survival than those who received prior chemotherapy. No significant survival differences were observed between pre- and post-abiraterone and prednisolone or enzalutamide patients. The fracture rate in the post-abiraterone and prednisolone group seemed to be high. Bone health evaluation and protection should be incorporated as standard of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Jiang
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
| | - S Atkinson
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R Pearson
- Northern Institute of Cancer Research, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - D Leaning
- Department of Clinical Oncology, James Cook University Hospital, South Tees NHS Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - S Cumming
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Burns
- Department of Radiotherapy Information Technology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - A Azzabi
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - J Frew
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - R McMenemin
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - I D Pedley
- Northern Centre for Cancer Care, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Castellote M, Small RJ, Lammers MO, Jenniges J, Mondragon J, Garner CD, Atkinson S, Delevaux JMS, Graham R, Westerholt D. Seasonal distribution and foraging occurrence of Cook Inlet beluga whales based on passive acoustic monitoring. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2020. [DOI: 10.3354/esr01023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A paucity of information on the basic biology and ecology of Cook Inlet beluga whales Delphinapterus leucas remains a decade after the species was listed as endangered in 2008. The causes of its continued decline remain unclear. This lack of knowledge limits our understanding of, and ability to manage, potential threats impeding the recovery of this endangered population. Seasonal distribution and foraging ecology, particularly during winter, are currently among the most basic gaps in knowledge. Therefore, we conducted a year-round passive acoustic monitoring program from 2008-2013, monitoring 13 locations within the belugas’ critical habitat. We identified seasonal occurrence patterns across years at most locations. Detections were higher in the upper inlet during summer, peaking in known concentration areas. The occurrence of whales in the upper inlet when ice coverage peaked during winter was more prevalent than previously suggested. We documented seasonal differences in foraging habitat preference, with foraging behavior more prevalent during summer, particularly near upper inlet rivers, than during winter. Foraging peaks coincided with the presence of different anadromous fish runs from spring to fall. Low levels of feeding activity in winter suggest a lack of feeding aggregation areas, feeding in non-monitored offshore waters, or increased effort on benthic prey. These results represent a substantial contribution to our knowledge of Cook Inlet beluga seasonal distribution and foraging ecology, which will strengthen conservation and management strategies and thus more effectively promote recovery of this endangered population.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Castellote
- Joint Institute for the Study of the Atmosphere and Ocean (JISAO), University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98105, USA
- Marine Mammal Laboratory, Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, Seattle, WA 98115, USA
| | - RJ Small
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK 99811, USA
| | - MO Lammers
- Oceanwide Science Institute, Honolulu, HI 96839, USA
| | - J Jenniges
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Douglas, AK 99824, USA
| | - J Mondragon
- Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Juneau, AK 99811, USA
| | - CD Garner
- Joint Base Elmendorf Richardson, US Air Force Conservation Department, 673 CES CEIEC, JBER, Anchorage, AK 99506, USA
| | - S Atkinson
- School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK 99801, USA
| | - JMS Delevaux
- Oceanwide Science Institute, Honolulu, HI 96839, USA
| | - R Graham
- Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1490, USA
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Esquible JA, Burek-Huntington K, Atkinson S, Klink AC, Bortz E, Goldstein TA, Beckmen K, Pabilonia K, Tiller R. Pathological findings and survey for pathogens associated with reproductive failure in perinatal Steller sea lions Eumetopias jubatus. Dis Aquat Organ 2019; 137:131-144. [PMID: 31854331 DOI: 10.3354/dao03421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Steller sea lions (SSLs) Eumetopias jubatus experienced a population decline in the 1960s, leading to the listing of the western stock as endangered and the eastern stock as threatened under the US Endangered Species Act. A decrease of births in the western stock beginning in the late 1960s indicates that reproductive failure may have contributed to the decline. We evaluated the role pathogens play in spontaneous abortions, premature births and neonatal deaths in SSLs. Archived tissues from carcasses (n = 19) collected in Alaska from 2002 to 2015 were tested by PCR for Coxiella burnetii, Brucella spp., Chlamydia and morbilliviruses. Animals examined included 47% premature pups, 32% aborted fetuses, 11% neonates and 11% intrauterine fetuses. Gross necropsy and histology findings were summarized in the context of the PCR findings. Tissues were negative for Chlamydia and C. burnetii. Brucella spp. were detected in the lung tissues of 3 animals, including 1 positive for the ST27 strain, the first detection of Brucella spp. DNA in SSLs. Phocine distemper virus was detected in 3 animals in 2 skin lesions and 1 placenta by hemi-nested diagnostic qRT-PCR. Both skin and the placental lesions had vesiculoulcerative changes, and 1 skin lesion contained inclusion bodies in syncytia and upon histologic examination, suggesting that the lesions may be associated with an infection reminiscent of phocine distemper virus, the first in SSLs. We highlight the continuing need for disease surveillance programs to improve our understanding of the prevalence and potential population impacts of these infectious disease agents for pinnipeds in Alaskan waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Esquible
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 107 Alex Hately, Bethel, AK 99559, USA
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Gill N, Arklay-Lehman S, Alexander C, Atkinson S, Goudey K, Harrigan K, Lamb J, Roach K, White M. A PROVINCIAL REGISTRY TO FACILITATE QUALITY IMPROVEMENT RELATED TO DOOR TO NEEDLE TIME IN NOVA SCOTIA. Can J Cardiol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2019.07.435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Holscher É, Videau M, Duval S, Pelchat V, Atkinson S, Bussières JF. [Compliance of nursing professional practices related to drug preparation and administration: A cross-sectional and longitudinal descriptive study]. Ann Pharm Fr 2019; 77:313-323. [PMID: 31027755 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate the compliance of practices of nursing professionals related to the preparation and administration of drugs in 2018. Discuss the evolution of compliance practices from 2014 to 2018. METHODS Prospective transversal observational study. Based on an observation grid with 55 compliance criteria, we conducted direct observation of medication doses prepared and administered by nursing professionals. For each compliance criterion, the auditor could indicate whether the practice was compliant, non-compliant or not applicable. A convenience target of 250 observations has been set. RESULTS A total of 252 doses of drugs were observed between March 1, 2018 and April 29, 2018. Drug doses were observed by day (52 %), evening (30 %) or night (18 %) mainly nurses (80 %) working on regular shifts (94 %). Just over half of the doses required preparation by a nurse (58 %) and almost half of the doses were administered parenterally (48 %). In 2018, the observed compliance rate of the drug circuit ranged from 25.0 % to 86.3 %. CONCLUSION This descriptive study shows a compliance rate of practices of nursing professionals related to the preparation and administration of drugs, which varies from 25.0 % to 86.3 % by observed stage of the drug circuit. 2018. The study identified 15 action actions for continuous improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- É Holscher
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - M Videau
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - S Duval
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - V Pelchat
- CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - S Atkinson
- Services pharmaceutiques, CHU Sainte-Justine, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - J-F Bussières
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, Département de pharmacie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, 3175, chemin de la Côte Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5, Montréal, Québec, Canada.
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Abstract
Distinct population segments of Steller sea lion (SSL) Eumetopias jubatus have experienced different population trends over the last 5 decades, rendering the need for retrospective study. By identifying long-term stranding trends of SSLs we can develop a better understanding of factors contributing to mortality that may affect SSL population dynamics. We characterized spatial and temporal trends of SSL strandings (n = 1507) in Alaska, Oregon, and Washington, USA, over a 25 yr period. Stranding reports were obtained from the Alaska and Northwest Region’s Marine Mammal Stranding Networks. Temporal trends were assessed by identifying seasonal patterns across all years (1990-2015), analyzing sex, age class, body length, and characterizing signs of human interaction including factors contributing to mortality. An apparent increase in strandings occurred after 2000, likely due to increased stranding response effort resulting from increased federal grant awards. Adult males were the most frequently stranded sex and age class in the Alaska (AK) and Northwest (NW) Regions. Clear seasonality trends were evident, with the greatest reported stranding occurrences during the spring and summer. Gunshot wounds and fishery interactions accounted for a large proportion (90%) of human interaction cases. In Alaska, the southeast region had the highest number of strandings. In the NW Region, Oregon had the highest documented strandings. Despite caveats associated with stranding data, our findings suggest rapid timing of continued stranding response is imperative for a better understanding of cause-specific mortality trends and other factors contributing to stranding events.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Esquible
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Fisheries Department, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA
| | - S Atkinson
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, Fisheries Department, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, Alaska 99801, USA
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Pearson R, Jiang X, Atkinson S, Cumming S, Burns A, Frew J, McMenemin R, Pedley I, Azzabi A. EP-1584 Radium-223 treatment in Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Prognostic Factors: Real-world Outcome. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32004-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
The next 20 years will see unprecedented growth in Canada's senior population, with higher demands and changing expectations challenging long-term care systems. The Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) linked long-term and acute care data for over 59,000 seniors across six provinces and territories to analyze the pathways and transition patterns of seniors receiving long-term care services. The analysis revealed factors related to residential care entry and identified profiles of seniors admitted into residential care before it may be clinically necessary. This work provides critical information for health system decision-makers to ensure that our long-term care systems are responsive, effective and sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Nuernberger
- A program consultant at the Canadian Institute for Health Information (CIHI) at the Western regional office in Victoria, BC
| | - Steve Atkinson
- The Manager of analytics and special projects at CIHI, Victoria, BC
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Laidre KL, Stern H, Born EW, Heagerty P, Atkinson S, Wiig Ø, Lunn NJ, Regehr EV, McGovern R, Dyck M. Changes in winter and spring resource selection by polar bears Ursus maritimus in Baffin Bay over two decades of sea-ice loss. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2018. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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20
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Atkinson S, Whittle K, Dean J, Abram T. Prismatic core high temperature reactor fuel modelling incorporating fuel rotation. Nuclear Engineering and Design 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nucengdes.2018.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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21
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Jiang X, Atkinson S, Frew J, McMenemin R, Leaning D, Pedley I. Radium 223 Therapy in Symptomatic Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer – Newcastle Experience: a Quality of Life Issue. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2017.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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22
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Robinson S, Harris A, Atkinson S, Atterbury C, Bolton-Maggs P, Elliott C, Hawkins T, Hazra E, Howell C, New H, Shackleton T, Shreeve K, Taylor C. The administration of blood components: a British Society for Haematology Guideline. Transfus Med 2017; 28:3-21. [PMID: 29110357 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Robinson
- Department of Haematology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - A Harris
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT), Birmingham, UK
| | - S Atkinson
- Department Anaesthesia, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Chair of Northern Ireland Transfusion Committee, Northern, Ireland
| | - C Atterbury
- Department of Haematology, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital Kings Lynn NHS Foundation Trust, King's Lyn, UK
| | - P Bolton-Maggs
- Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT) Office, NHSBT, Manchester, UK
| | - C Elliott
- Transfusion, South Tees Hospitals NHS Trust, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - T Hawkins
- Department of Haematology, Royal Berkshire NHS Foundation Trust, Reading, Berkshire, UK
| | - E Hazra
- NHS National Services Scotland, Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service - Better Blood Transfusion, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - C Howell
- Diagnostic and Therapeutic Services, NHSBT, Bristol, UK
| | - H New
- Products, NHSBT, London, UK
| | - T Shackleton
- Department of Haematology, Alder Hey Hospital Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - K Shreeve
- Better Blood Transfusion Team, Welsh Blood Service, Pencoed, UK
| | - C Taylor
- Haematology, Dudley Group of Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
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Hoover-Miller A, Dunn JL, Field CL, Blundell G, Atkinson S. Seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies in harbor seals in Alaska, USA, with age, regional, and reproductive comparisons. Dis Aquat Organ 2017; 126:1-12. [PMID: 28930080 DOI: 10.3354/dao03153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Populations of harbor seal Phoca vitulina in the Gulf of Alaska have dramatically declined during the past 4 decades. Numbers of seals in Glacier Bay, in southeast Alaska, USA, have also declined despite extensive protection. Causes of the declines and slow recovery are poorly understood. Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that adversely affects reproduction in many domestic species. We measured the seroprevalence of Brucella antibodies in 554 harbor seals in 3 Alaska locations: Prince William Sound (PWS), Glacier Bay (GB), and Tracy Arm Fords Terror (TAFT) Wilderness Area. Objectives included testing for regional, sex, age, and female reproductive state differences in Brucella antibody seroprevalence, persistence in titers in recaptured seals, and differences in titers between mother seals and their pups. Overall, 52% of adults (AD), 53% of subadults (SA), 77% of yearlings (YRL), and 26% of <5 mo old pups were seropositive. Matched mother-pup samples were consistent with dependent pups acquiring maternal passive immunity to Brucella. Results show higher seroprevalence (64%) for AD and SA seals in the depressed and declining populations in PWS and GB than in TAFT (29%). Lactating females were less likely to be seropositive than other AD females, including pregnant females. Further research is needed to seek evidence of Brucella infection in Alaskan harbor seals, identify effects on neonatal viability, and assess zoonotic implications for Alaska Natives who rely on harbor seals for food.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hoover-Miller
- Alaska SeaLife Center, 301 Railway Ave, PO Box 1329, Seward, AK 99664, USA
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Floyd-Rump TP, Horstmann-Dehn LA, Atkinson S, Skaugstad C. Effect of Ichthyophonus on blood plasma chemistry of spawning Chinook salmon and their resulting offspring in a Yukon River tributary. Dis Aquat Organ 2017; 122:223-236. [PMID: 28117301 DOI: 10.3354/dao03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ichthyophonus is a protozoan parasite of Alaska Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha. In this study, we determined whether spawning Chinook salmon in the Yukon River drainage exhibited a measurable stress response (i.e. elevated plasma cortisol concentrations) and detectable changes in selected blood plasma chemistry parameters when infected with Ichthyophonus. The resulting alevin were also analyzed for any differences in blood plasma chemistry caused by parental infection with Ichthyophonus. In 2010, 2011, and 2012, spawning adult Chinook salmon were collected from the Salcha River, Alaska, USA, and the prevalence of Ichthyophonus in these fish was 7.8, 6.3, and 8.3%, respectively. Fish with no clinical signs of Ichthyophonus and Ichthyophonus-positive parents were cross-fertilized to investigate potential second-generation effects as a result of Ichthyophonus infection. We found no significant difference in cortisol concentrations in blood plasma between Ichthyophonus-positive and -negative adults or between alevin from Ichthyophonus-positive and -negative parents. There were no significant differences in blood plasma parameters (e.g. alanine aminotransferase, creatine kinase, glucose) of Ichthyophonus-negative and -positive adults, with the exception of aspartate aminotransferase, which was significantly higher in plasma of Ichthyophonus-negative adults. All clinical chemistry parameters for alevin resulting from both Ichthyophonus-negative and -positive parents were not significantly different. Based on this study, which has a limited sample size and low prevalence of Ichthyophonus, offspring of Chinook salmon appear to suffer no disadvantage as a result of Ichthyophonus infection in their parents on the Salcha River.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Floyd-Rump
- College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, 905 N Koyukuk Drive, Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA
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25
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Polizzi PS, Boudet LNC, de León AP, Quiroga M, Rodríguez DH, Atkinson S, Gerpe MS. Reference Intervals of Mineral Elements in Plasma of Anesthetized Free-Ranging Adult Females of South American Sea Lion, Otaria flavescens. Biol Trace Elem Res 2016; 174:325-327. [PMID: 27156112 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-016-0734-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Levels of zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and phosphorus (P) in plasma of Otaria flavescens females (n = 29) were evaluated. Reference intervals were established for each element, being the first report for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula S Polizzi
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CP 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina.
| | - L N Chiodi Boudet
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CP 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - A Ponce de León
- Departamento Mamíferos Marinos, Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos (DI.NA.R.A.), Ministerio de Ganadería, Agricultura y Pesca (M.G.A.P.), CP 11200, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - M Quiroga
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires, CP 7000, Tandil, Argentina
| | - D H Rodríguez
- Biología, Ecología y Conservación de Mamíferos Marinos, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CP 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
| | - S Atkinson
- Fisheries Division, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Juneau, AK, CP 99801, USA
| | - M S Gerpe
- Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas y Costeras (IIMyC-CONICET), Departamento de Ciencias Marinas, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Mar del Plata, CP 7600, Mar del Plata, Argentina
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Moore T, Atkinson S, Maurizi E, Schiroli D, Mairs L, Christie K, McLean I, Allen E, Pedrioli D, Moore J, Nesbit A. Regulating gene expression towards solving ocular surface diseases. Acta Ophthalmol 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2016.0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Daupin J, Rosseaux G, Lebel D, Atkinson S, Bedard P, Bussieres JF. Comparison of Information Available in the Medication Profile of an Electronic Health Record and the Inpatient Best Possible Medication History in a Mother and Child Teaching Hospital Center. J Popul Ther Clin Pharmacol 2016; 23:e131-e141. [PMID: 27462999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BackgroundMedication reconciliation (MedRec) can improve patient safety. In Canada, most provinces are implementing electronic health records (EHR). The Quebec Health Record (QHR) can theoretically be used for medication reconciliation. However, the quantity and the quality of information available in this EHR have not been studied. ObjectivesThe main objective was to compare the quantity and quality of the information collected between the inpatient best possible medication history (BPMH) and the QHR. MethodsThis is a descriptive prospective study conducted at CHU Sainte-Justine, a 500-bed tertiary mother-and-child university hospital center. All inpatients from May 19-26, 2015 were considered for inclusion. Every prescription line in the BPMH and QHR were compared. ResultsThe study included 344 patients and 1,039 prescription lines were analyzed. The medications' name and dosing were more often available in the QHR (95%) than in the BPMH (61%). Concordance between the medication names between QHR and BPMH was found in 48% of the prescription lines; this rate fell to 29% when also factoring daily dosage. ConclusionsThis study suggests that the QHR can provide high-quality information to support the MedRec hospital process. However, it should be used as a second source to optimize the BPMH obtained from a thorough interview with the patient and/or his or her family. More studies are required to confirm the most optimal way to integrate the QHR to the MedRec process in hospitals.
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Dubois S, Barbier A, Thibault M, Atkinson S, Bussières JF. [Selection and optimal sequence of critical elements for medication review: A simulation with hospital pharmacy residents]. Ann Pharm Fr 2016; 75:131-143. [PMID: 27423187 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2016.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The main objective of this study was to compare the responses of pharmacy residents regarding critical steps for medication order review, in the presence or absence of clinical pharmacists on patient care units, to describe the sequence of these steps and to compare them to an optimal sequence. The secondary objectives were to test this sequence in a simulation and to assess the residents' level of agreement on medication order review. METHODS Twenty-two validation steps were selected from guidelines. A simulation on order review was organized in three steps: selecting elements judged to be necessary or not for the order review critical path, then organizing this sequence in chronological order, implementation of this critical path on two simulated practical cases, resident perceptions about order review in their training. RESULTS Forty-one residents participated in the activity. Responses were heterogeneous regarding the elements' sequence and the time required for the review of a simulated case (3-13minutes). A majority of residents considered that their training was insufficient (29/41), that pharmacists validated differently (27/41), and that it was impossible to review the 22 proposed items for each prescription (30/41). CONCLUSIONS This article highlights heterogeneous medication order review practices among pharmacy residents, due to a lack of training in their curriculum according to them. It is essential to acquire medication order review standard both locally and nationally.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dubois
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - A Barbier
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - M Thibault
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S Atkinson
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J-F Bussières
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie et des sciences pharmaceutiques, université de Montréal, 6128, succursale Centre-Ville, H3C3J7 Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Abstract
The M I E gait analysis system has been developed to allow a range of objective gait measurements to be readily obtained in a clinical setting. The equipment and its use are described together with a series of repeatability studies. The results suggest that the system is easy to operate and sufficiently reliable for use in clinical departments.
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Affiliation(s)
- JB Young
- National Demonstration Centre in Rehabilitation, Ida and Arthington Hospital, Leeds
| | - P. Perkins
- National Demonstration Centre in Rehabilitation, Ida and Arthington Hospital, Leeds
| | - S. Atkinson
- National Demonstration Centre in Rehabilitation, Ida and Arthington Hospital, Leeds
| | - MA Chamberlain
- National Demonstration Centre in Rehabilitation, Ida and Arthington Hospital, Leeds
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Abstract
The human pathogens
Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and
Yersinia enterocolitica cause enterocolitis, while
Yersinia pestis is responsible for pneumonic, bubonic, and septicaemic plague. All three share an infection strategy that relies on a virulence factor arsenal to enable them to enter, adhere to, and colonise the host while evading host defences to avoid untimely clearance. Their arsenal includes a number of adhesins that allow the invading pathogens to establish a foothold in the host and to adhere to specific tissues later during infection. When the host innate immune system has been activated, all three pathogens produce a structure analogous to a hypodermic needle. In conjunction with the translocon, which forms a pore in the host membrane, the channel that is formed enables the transfer of six ‘effector’ proteins into the host cell cytoplasm. These proteins mimic host cell proteins but are more efficient than their native counterparts at modifying the host cell cytoskeleton, triggering the host cell suicide response. Such a sophisticated arsenal ensures that yersiniae maintain the upper hand despite the best efforts of the host to counteract the infecting pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Atkinson
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Paul Williams
- Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Condori S, Atkinson S, Leys N, Wattiez R, Mastroleo F. Construction and phenotypic characterization of M68, an RruI quorum sensing knockout mutant of the photosynthetic alphaproteobacterium Rhodospirillum rubrum. Res Microbiol 2016; 167:380-92. [PMID: 26993754 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2016.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Many bacterial species communicate using a complex system known as quorum sensing (QS) in which gene expression is controlled in response to cell density. In this study an N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) synthase (Rru_A3396) knockout mutant (M68) of Rhodospirillum rubrum S1H (WT) was constructed and characterized phenotypically under light anaerobic conditions. Results showed that R. rubrum WT produces unsubstituted, 3-OH and 3-oxo-substituted AHLs with acyl chains ranging from 4 to 14 carbons, with 3-OH-C8 being the most abundant. Growth, pigment content and swimming motility were found to be under the control of this LuxI-type QS system. In addition, cultivation in a low shear environment put forward the aggregative phenotype of M68 and linked biofilm formation to QS in R. rubrum S1H. Interestingly, QS-mutant M68 continued to produce decreased levels of 3-OH-C8-HSL, probably due to the presence of an extra HdtS-type AHL synthase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Condori
- Research Unit for Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium; Research Institute for Biosciences, Proteomics and Microbiology Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue du champ de Mars 6, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Steve Atkinson
- Center for Biomolecular Science, School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, United Kingdom.
| | - Natalie Leys
- Research Unit for Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Research Institute for Biosciences, Proteomics and Microbiology Laboratory, University of Mons, Avenue du champ de Mars 6, Mons, Belgium.
| | - Felice Mastroleo
- Research Unit for Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Boeretang 200, 2400 Mol, Belgium.
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Drancourt P, Atkinson S, Lebel D, Bussières JF. [Assessment of perception about medication reconciliation among healthcare professionals at Saint-Justine hospital]. Ann Pharm Fr 2016; 74:304-16. [PMID: 26739918 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Our main objective is to assess nurses and doctors perception about medication reconciliation. METHODS This is a descriptive and cross-sectional study. We have created three surveys, one for each health worker (nurses, doctors, resident, pharmacists). Each survey consists of single or multi-choice closed questions. A four-point Likert scale was used to collect the perception. Descriptive statistics have been calculated. RESULTS A total of 114 nurses, 98 doctors and residents and 26 pharmacists from all care services, replied to the survey. The majority of doctors (58%), pharmacists (60%) and nurses (52%) recognized the relevance and utility of medication reconciliation in healthcare safety. However, few healthcare professionals (6% of doctors, 13% of nurses et 46% of pharmacists) know that medication reconciliation is a required organizational practice. Only 25% of doctors always consult the best possible medication history after a patient admission while the majority do not use it because of unreliability issues. So, there have been some major changes to optimize medication reconciliation process in our hospital. CONCLUSION This study shows a increasing interest to medication reconciliation by healthcare professionals. However, the use of medication reconciliation remains marginal.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Drancourt
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - S Atkinson
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - D Lebel
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - J-F Bussières
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175, Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, QC, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, université de Montréal, CP 6128, succursale Centre-ville, H3C 3J7 Montréal, QC, Canada.
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Berruyer M, Atkinson S, Lebel D, Bussières JF. [Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) of insulin in a mother-child university-affiliated health center]. Arch Pediatr 2015; 23:1-8. [PMID: 26552621 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2015.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVES Insulin is a high-alert drug. The main objective of this descriptive cross-sectional study was to evaluate the risks associated with insulin use in healthcare centers. The secondary objective was to propose corrective measures to reduce the main risks associated with the most critical failure modes in the analysis. METHODS We conducted a failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) in obstetrics-gynecology, neonatology and pediatrics. RESULTS Five multidisciplinary meetings occurred in August 2013. A total of 44 out of 49 failure modes were analyzed. Nine out of 44 (20%) failure modes were deemed critical, with a criticality score ranging from 540 to 720. DISCUSSION Following the multidisciplinary meetings, everybody agreed that an FMEA was a useful tool to identify failure modes and their relative importance. This approach identified many corrective measures. CONCLUSION This shared experience increased awareness of safety issues with insulin in our mother-child center. This study identified the main failure modes and associated corrective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Berruyer
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, Canada
| | - S Atkinson
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, Canada
| | - D Lebel
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, Canada
| | - J-F Bussières
- Unité de recherche en pratique pharmaceutique, département de pharmacie, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 Côte-Sainte-Catherine, H3T 1C5 Montréal, Canada; Faculté de pharmacie, université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada.
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Atkinson S. Pain management in veterinary practice. 1st edn. Edited by CMEgger, LLove and TJDoherty. Wiley Blackwell, West Sussex, 2014. 447 pages. Price A$101.99. ISBN 9780813812243. Aust Vet J 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/avj.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Moore T, Courtney D, Atkinson S, Maurizi E, Allen E, McLean I, Leslie Pedrioli D, Moore J, Nesbit A. Genetic modification possibilities in treating corneal diseases. Acta Ophthalmol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1755-3768.2015.0145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Moore
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute; University of Ulster; Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - D. Courtney
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute; University of Ulster; Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - S. Atkinson
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute; University of Ulster; Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - E. Maurizi
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute; University of Ulster; Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - E. Allen
- Division of Molecular Medicine; University of Dundee; Dundee United Kingdom
| | - I. McLean
- Division of Molecular Medicine; University of Dundee; Dundee United Kingdom
| | - D. Leslie Pedrioli
- Division of Molecular Medicine; University of Dundee; Dundee United Kingdom
| | - J. Moore
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute; University of Ulster; Coleraine United Kingdom
| | - A. Nesbit
- Biomedical Sciences Research Institute; University of Ulster; Coleraine United Kingdom
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Sohani Z, Anand S, Robiou-du-Pont S, Morrison K, McDonald S, Atkinson S, Teo K, Meyre D. 137: Genes Increasing Glucose Levels in Early Childhood Provide Support for the Fetal Insulin Hypothesis: Results from the Family Study. Paediatr Child Health 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/pch/20.5.e84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Storey S, FitzGerald G, Moore G, Knights E, Atkinson S, Smith S, Freeman O, Cryer P, Wilson A. Effect of a contact monitoring system with immediate visual feedback on hand hygiene compliance. J Hosp Infect 2014; 88:84-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hook AL, Chang CY, Yang J, Luckett J, Cockayne A, Atkinson S, Mei Y, Bayston R, Irvine DJ, Langer R, Anderson DG, Williams P, Davies MC, Alexander MR. Erratum: Corrigendum: Combinatorial discovery of polymers resistant to bacterial attachment. Nat Biotechnol 2014. [DOI: 10.1038/nbt0614-592c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Twigg MS, Tait K, Williams P, Atkinson S, Cámara M. Interference with the germination and growth of Ulva zoospores by quorum-sensing molecules from Ulva-associated epiphytic bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2014; 16. [PMID: 23879807 PMCID: PMC4304359 DOI: 10.1111/emi.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ulva zoospores preferentially settle on N-acylhomoserine lactone (AHL) producing marine bacterial biofilms. To investigate whether AHL signal molecules also affect the success and rate of zoospore germination in addition to zoospore attraction, the epiphytic bacteria associated with mature Ulva linza were characterized and bacterial isolates representative of this community tested for the ability to produce AHLs. Two of these AHL-producing isolates, Sulfitobacter spp. 376 and Shewanella spp. 79, were transformed with plasmids expressing the Bacillus spp. AHL lactonase gene aiiA to generate AHL-deficient variants. The germination and growth of U. linza zoospores was studied in the presence of these AHL-deficient strains and their AHL-producing counterparts. This revealed that the AHLs produced by Sulfitobacter spp. and Shewanella spp. or the bacterial products they regulate have a negative impact on both zoospore germination and the early growth of the Ulva germling. Further experiments with Escherichia coli biofilms expressing recombinant AHL synthases and synthetic AHLs provide data to demonstrate that zoospores germinated and grown in the absence of AHLs were significantly longer than those germinated in the presence of AHLs. These results reveal an additional role for AHLs per se in the interactive relationships between marine bacteria and Ulva zoospores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Twigg
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, University of NottinghamNG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK,Plymouth Marine LaboratoryProspect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK
| | - Karen Tait
- Plymouth Marine LaboratoryProspect Place, Plymouth, PL1 3DH, UK,
*For correspondence. E-mail ; Tel. (+44) (0)1752 633100; Fax (+44) (0)1752 633101
| | - Paul Williams
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, University of NottinghamNG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Steve Atkinson
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, University of NottinghamNG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences, Centre for Biomedical Sciences, University of NottinghamNG7 2RD, Nottingham, UK
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41
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Phan V, Blydt-Hansen T, Feber J, Alos N, Arora S, Atkinson S, Bell L, Clarson C, Couch R, Cummings EA, Filler G, Grant RM, Grimmer J, Hebert D, Lentle B, Ma J, Matzinger M, Midgley J, Pinsk M, Rodd C, Shenouda N, Stein R, Stephure D, Taback S, Williams K, Rauch F, Siminoski K, Ward LM. Skeletal findings in the first 12 months following initiation of glucocorticoid therapy for pediatric nephrotic syndrome. Osteoporos Int 2014; 25:627-37. [PMID: 23948876 PMCID: PMC4100956 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-013-2466-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Incident vertebral fractures and lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed in the 12 months following glucocorticoid initiation in 65 children with nephrotic syndrome. The incidence of vertebral fractures was low at 12 months (6 %) and most patients demonstrated recovery in BMD Z-scores by this time point. INTRODUCTION Vertebral fracture (VF) incidence following glucocorticoid (GC) initiation has not been previously reported in pediatric nephrotic syndrome. METHODS VF was assessed on radiographs (Genant method); lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS BMD) was evaluated by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. RESULTS Sixty-five children were followed to 12 months post-GC initiation (median age, 5.4 years; range, 2.3-17.9). Three of 54 children with radiographs (6 %; 95 % confidence interval (CI), 2-15 %) had incident VF at 1 year. The mean LS BMD Z-score was below the healthy average at baseline (mean ± standard deviation (SD), -0.5 ± 1.1; p = 0.001) and at 3 months (-0.6 ± 1.1; p < 0.001), but not at 6 months (-0.3 ± 1.3; p = 0.066) or 12 months (-0.3 ± 1.2; p = 0.066). Mixed effect modeling showed a significant increase in LS BMD Z-scores between 3 and 12 months (0.22 SD; 95 % CI, 0.08 to 0.36; p = 0.003). A subgroup (N = 16; 25 %) had LS BMD Z-scores that were ≤-1.0 at 12 months. In these children, each additional 1,000 mg/m(2) of GC received in the first 3 months was associated with a decrease in LS BMD Z-score by 0.39 at 12 months (95 % CI, -0.71 to -0.07; p = 0.017). CONCLUSIONS The incidence of VF at 1 year was low and LS BMD Z-scores improved by 12 months in the majority. Twenty-five percent of children had LS BMD Z-scores ≤-1.0 at 12 months. In these children, LS BMD Z-scores were inversely associated with early GC exposure, despite similar GC exposure compared to the rest of the cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Phan
- Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Mastroleo F, Van Houdt R, Atkinson S, Mergeay M, Hendrickx L, Wattiez R, Leys N. Modelled microgravity cultivation modulates N-acylhomoserine lactone production in Rhodospirillum rubrum S1H independently of cell density. Microbiology (Reading) 2013; 159:2456-2466. [DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.066415-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Felice Mastroleo
- Unit for Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Rob Van Houdt
- Unit for Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Steve Atkinson
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Max Mergeay
- Unit for Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Larissa Hendrickx
- Unit for Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
| | - Ruddy Wattiez
- Research Institute of Biosciences, Proteomic and Microbiology Laboratory, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Natalie Leys
- Unit for Microbiology, Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK•CEN), Mol, Belgium
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Harper C, Corlett C, Macdonald G, Worthington G, Porter D, Kelly D, Segal S, Pollard AJ, Atkinson S. PW03-032 – Periodic fevers in children. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2013. [PMCID: PMC3952387 DOI: 10.1186/1546-0096-11-s1-a258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Twigg MS, Tait K, Williams P, Atkinson S, Cámara M. Interference with the germination and growth of
U
lva
zoospores by quorum‐sensing molecules from
U
lva
‐associated epiphytic bacteria. Environ Microbiol 2013; 16:445-53. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S. Twigg
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences Centre for Biomedical Sciences University of Nottingham NG7 2RD Nottingham UK
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place Plymouth PL1 3DH UK
| | - Karen Tait
- Plymouth Marine Laboratory Prospect Place Plymouth PL1 3DH UK
| | - Paul Williams
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences Centre for Biomedical Sciences University of Nottingham NG7 2RD Nottingham UK
| | - Steve Atkinson
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences Centre for Biomedical Sciences University of Nottingham NG7 2RD Nottingham UK
| | - Miguel Cámara
- School of Molecular Medical Sciences Centre for Biomedical Sciences University of Nottingham NG7 2RD Nottingham UK
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Hook AL, Chang CY, Yang J, Atkinson S, Langer R, Anderson DG, Davies MC, Williams P, Alexander MR. Discovery of novel materials with broad resistance to bacterial attachment using combinatorial polymer microarrays. Adv Mater 2013; 25:2542-7. [PMID: 23417823 PMCID: PMC3736217 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201204936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new class of bacteria-attachment-resistant materials is discovered using a multi-generation polymer microarray methodology that reduces bacterial attachment by up to 99.3% compared with a leading commercially available silver hydrogel anti-bacterial material. The coverage of three bacterial species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and uropathogenic Escherichia coli is assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Hook
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, NG72RD, UK
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Hargreaves CE, Grasso M, Hampe CS, Stenkova A, Atkinson S, Joshua GWP, Wren BW, Buckle AM, Dunn-Walters D, Banga JP. Yersinia enterocolitica provides the link between thyroid-stimulating antibodies and their germline counterparts in Graves' disease. J Immunol 2013; 190:5373-81. [PMID: 23630351 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1203412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Graves' disease results from thyroid-stimulating Abs (TSAbs) activating the thyrotropin receptor (TSHR). How TSAbs arise from early precursor B cells has not been established. Genetic and environmental factors may contribute to pathogenesis, including the bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica. We developed two pathogenic monoclonal TSAbs from a single experimental mouse undergoing Graves' disease, which shared the same H and L chain germline gene rearrangements and then diversified by numerous somatic hypermutations. To address the Ag specificity of the shared germline precursor of the monoclonal TSAbs, we prepared rFab germline, which showed negligible binding to TSHR, indicating importance of somatic hypermutation in acquiring TSAb activity. Using rFab chimeras, we demonstrate the dominant role of the H chain V region in TSHR recognition. The role of microbial Ags was tested with Y. enterocolitica proteins. The monoclonal TSAbs recognize 37-kDa envelope proteins, also recognized by rFab germline. MALDI-TOF identified the proteins as outer membrane porin (Omp) A and OmpC. Using recombinant OmpA, OmpC, and related OmpF, we demonstrate cross-reactivity of monoclonal TSAbs with the heterogeneous porins. Importantly, rFab germline binds recombinant OmpA, OmpC, and OmpF confirming reactivity with Y. enterocolitica. A human monoclonal TSAb, M22 with similar properties to murine TSAbs, also binds recombinant porins, showing cross-reactivity of a spontaneously arising pathogenic Ab with Y. enterocolitica. The data provide a mechanistic framework for molecular mimicry in Graves' disease, where early precursor B cells are expanded by Y. enterocolitica porins to undergo somatic hypermutation to acquire a cross-reactive pathogenic response to TSHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal E Hargreaves
- Division of Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences, King's College London School of Medicine, London SE5 9NU, United Kingdom
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Gillman A, Matouš K, Atkinson S. Microstructure-statistics-property relations of anisotropic polydisperse particulate composites using tomography. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2013; 87:022208. [PMID: 23496506 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.87.022208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a systematic method is presented for developing microstructure-statistics-property relations of anisotropic polydisperse particulate composites using microcomputer tomography (micro-CT). Micro-CT is used to obtain a detailed three-dimensional representation of polydisperse microstructures, and an image processing pipeline is developed for identifying particles. In this work, particles are modeled as idealized shapes in order to guide the image processing steps and to provide a description of the discrete micro-CT data set in continuous Euclidean space. n-point probability functions used to describe the morphology of mixtures are calculated directly from real microstructures. The statistical descriptors are employed in the Hashin-Shtrikman variational principle to compute overall anisotropic bounds and self-consistent estimates of the thermal-conductivity tensor. We make no assumptions of statistical isotropy nor ellipsoidal symmetry, and the statistical description is obtained directly from micro-CT data. Various mixtures consisting of polydisperse ellipsoidal and spherical particles are prepared and studied to show how the morphology impacts the overall anisotropic thermal-conductivity tensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gillman
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, USA
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Atkinson S, Velarde A, Llonch P, Algers B. Assessing pig welfare at stunning in Swedish commercial abattoirs using CO 2 group-stun methods. Anim Welf 2012. [DOI: 10.7120/09627286.21.4.487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Hook AL, Chang CY, Yang J, Scurr DJ, Langer R, Anderson DG, Atkinson S, Williams P, Davies MC, Alexander MR. Polymer microarrays for high throughput discovery of biomaterials. J Vis Exp 2012:e3636. [PMID: 22314927 PMCID: PMC3462568 DOI: 10.3791/3636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel biomaterials that are optimized for a specific biological application is readily achieved using polymer microarrays, which allows a combinatorial library of materials to be screened in a parallel, high throughput format1. Herein is described the formation and characterization of a polymer microarray using an on-chip photopolymerization technique 2. This involves mixing monomers at varied ratios to produce a library of monomer solutions, transferring the solution to a glass slide format using a robotic printing device and curing with UV irradiation. This format is readily amenable to many biological assays, including stem cell attachment and proliferation, cell sorting and low bacterial adhesion, allowing the ready identification of 'hit' materials that fulfill a specific biological criterion3-5. Furthermore, the use of high throughput surface characterization (HTSC) allows the biological performance to be correlated with physio-chemical properties, hence elucidating the biological-material interaction6. HTSC makes use of water contact angle (WCA) measurements, atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS). In particular, ToF-SIMS provides a chemically rich analysis of the sample that can be used to correlate the cell response with a molecular moiety. In some cases, the biological performance can be predicted from the ToF-SIMS spectra, demonstrating the chemical dependence of a biological-material interaction, and informing the development of hit materials5,3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L Hook
- Laboratory of Biophysics and Surface Analysis, University of Nottingham
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