1
|
Chapuy-Regaud S, Dubois M, Plisson-Chastang C, Bonnefois T, Lhomme S, Bertrand-Michel J, You B, Simoneau S, Gleizes PE, Flan B, Abravanel F, Izopet J. Characterization of the lipid envelope of exosome encapsulated HEV particles protected from the immune response. Biochimie 2017; 141:70-79. [PMID: 28483690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The hepatitis E virus (HEV) is the most common cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. Although HEV is a small, naked RNA virus, HEV particles become associated with lipids in the blood of infected patients and in the supernatant of culture systems. The egress of these particles from cells implies the exocytosis pathway but the question of the role of the resulting HEV RNA containing exosomes and the nature of the lipids they contain has not been fully addressed. We determined the lipid proportions of exosomes from uninfected and HEV-infected cells and their role in HEV spreading. We cultured a suitable HEV strain on HepG2/C3A cells and analyzed the population of exosomes containing HEV RNA using lipidomics methods and electron microscopy. We also quantified HEV infectivity using an infectivity endpoint method based on HEV RNA quantification to calculate the tissue culture infectious dose 50. Exosomes produced by HEV-infected HepG2/C3A cells contained encapsidated HEV RNA. These HEV RNA-containing exosomes were infectious but ten times less than stools. HEV from stools, but not exosome-associated HEV from culture supernatant, was neutralized by anti-HEV antibodies in a dose-dependent manner. HEV infection did not influence the morphology or lipid proportions of the bulk of exosomes. These exosomes contained significantly more cholesterol, phosphatidylserine, sphingomyelin and ceramides than the parent cells, but less phosphoinositides and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Exosomes play a major role in HEV egress but HEV infection does not modify the characteristics of the bulk of exosomes produced by infected cells. PS and cholesterol enriched in these vesicles could then be critical for HEV entry. HEV particles in exosomes are protected from the immune response which could lead to the wide circulation of HEV in its host.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Chapuy-Regaud
- INSERM, UMR1043, Toulouse, France; Department of Virology, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France; Toulouse University, Toulouse, France.
| | - Martine Dubois
- INSERM, UMR1043, Toulouse, France; Department of Virology, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Tiffany Bonnefois
- INSERM, UMR1043, Toulouse, France; Department of Virology, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France
| | - Sébastien Lhomme
- INSERM, UMR1043, Toulouse, France; Department of Virology, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France; Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Justine Bertrand-Michel
- Toulouse University, Toulouse, France; MetaToul-Lipidomic Core Facility, INSERM, UMR1048, Toulouse, France
| | - Bruno You
- LFB, Laboratoire Français du Fractionnement et des Biotechnologies, Courtaboeuf, France
| | - Steve Simoneau
- LFB, Laboratoire Français du Fractionnement et des Biotechnologies, Courtaboeuf, France
| | | | - Benoît Flan
- LFB, Laboratoire Français du Fractionnement et des Biotechnologies, Courtaboeuf, France
| | - Florence Abravanel
- INSERM, UMR1043, Toulouse, France; Department of Virology, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France; Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| | - Jacques Izopet
- INSERM, UMR1043, Toulouse, France; Department of Virology, CHU Purpan, Toulouse, France; Toulouse University, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Levavasseur E, Biacabe AG, Comoy E, Culeux A, Grznarova K, Privat N, Simoneau S, Flan B, Sazdovitch V, Seilhean D, Baron T, Haïk S. Detection and partial discrimination of atypical and classical bovine spongiform encephalopathies in cattle and primates using real-time quaking-induced conversion assay. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172428. [PMID: 28231300 PMCID: PMC5322914 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmission of classical bovine spongiform encephalopathy (C-BSE) through contaminated meat product consumption is responsible for variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans. More recent and atypical forms of BSE (L-BSE and H-BSE) have been identified in cattle since the C-BSE epidemic. Their low incidence and advanced age of onset are compatible with a sporadic origin, as are most cases of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) in humans. Transmissions studies in primates and transgenic mice expressing a human prion protein (PrP) indicated that atypical forms of BSE may be associated with a higher zoonotic potential than classical BSE, and require particular attention for public health. Recently, methods designed to amplify misfolded forms of PrP have emerged as promising tools to detect prion strains and to study their diversity. Here, we validated real-time quaking-induced conversion assay for the discrimination of atypical and classical BSE strains using a large series of bovine samples encompassing all the atypical BSE cases detected by the French Centre of Reference during 10 years of exhaustive active surveillance. We obtained a 100% sensitivity and specificity for atypical BSE detection. In addition, the assay was able to discriminate atypical and classical BSE in non-human primates, and also sporadic CJD and vCJD in humans. The RT-QuIC assay appears as a practical means for a reliable detection of atypical BSE strains in a homologous or heterologous PrP context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Levavasseur
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Gaëlle Biacabe
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail (ANSES), Unité maladies neuro-dégénératives, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Comoy
- Commissariat à l’Énergie Atomique (CEA), Institut des maladies émergentes et des thérapies nouvelles (IMETI), Service d’étude des prions et des infections atypiques (SEPIA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Audrey Culeux
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Katarina Grznarova
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Privat
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Danielle Seilhean
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Neuropathologie, Paris, France
| | - Thierry Baron
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l’alimentation, de l’environnement et du travail (ANSES), Unité maladies neuro-dégénératives, Lyon, France
| | - Stéphane Haïk
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris VI UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Cellule nationale de référence des MCJ, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Simoneau S, Thomzig A, Ruchoux MM, Vignier N, Daus ML, Poleggi A, Lebon P, Freire S, Durand V, Graziano S, Galeno R, Cardone F, Comoy E, Pocchiari M, Beekes M, Deslys JP, Fournier JG. Synthetic scrapie infectivity: interaction between recombinant PrP and scrapie brain-derived RNA. Virulence 2015; 6:132-44. [PMID: 25585171 DOI: 10.4161/21505594.2014.989795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The key molecular event in human cerebral proteinopathies, which include Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and Huntington's diseases, is the structural conversion of a specific host protein into a β-sheet-rich conformer. With regards to this common mechanism, it appears difficult to explain the outstanding infectious properties attributed to PrP(Sc), the hallmark of another intriguing family of cerebral proteinopathies known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) or prion diseases. The infectious PrP(Sc) or "prion" is thought to be composed solely of a misfolded form of the otherwise harmless cellular prion protein (PrP(c)). To gain insight into this unique situation, we used the 263K scrapie hamster model to search for a putative PrP(Sc)-associated factor that contributes to the infectivity of PrP(Sc) amyloid. In a rigorously controlled set of experiments that included several bioassays, we showed that originally innocuous recombinant prion protein (recPrP) equivalent to PrP(c) is capable of initiating prion disease in hamsters when it is converted to a prion-like conformation (β-sheet-rich) in the presence of RNA purified from scrapie-associated fibril (SAF) preparations. Analysis of the recPrP-RNA infectious mixture reveals the presence of 2 populations of small RNAs of approximately 27 and 55 nucleotides. These unprecedented findings are discussed in light of the distinct relationship that may exist between this RNA material and the 2 biological properties, infectivity and strain features, attributed to prion amyloid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Simoneau
- a Division of Prions and Related Diseases (SEPIA); Institute of Emerging Diseases and Innovative Therapies (iMETI); CEA ; Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Levavasseur E, Privat N, Martin JCE, Simoneau S, Baron T, Flan B, Torres JM, Haïk S. Molecular modeling of prion transmission to humans. Viruses 2014; 6:3766-77. [PMID: 25279820 PMCID: PMC4213560 DOI: 10.3390/v6103766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Using different prion strains, such as the variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease agent and the atypical bovine spongiform encephalopathy agents, and using transgenic mice expressing human or bovine prion protein, we assessed the reliability of protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA) to model interspecies and genetic barriers to prion transmission. We compared our PMCA results with in vivo transmission data characterized by attack rates, i.e., the percentage of inoculated mice that developed the disease. Using 19 seed/substrate combinations, we observed that a significant PMCA amplification was only obtained when the mouse line used as substrate is susceptible to the corresponding strain. Our results suggest that PMCA provides a useful tool to study genetic barriers to transmission and to study the zoonotic potential of emerging prion strains.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Levavasseur
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Nicolas Privat
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France.
| | | | | | - Thierry Baron
- Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Unité Maladies neurodégénératives, 69394 Lyon, France.
| | | | - Juan-Maria Torres
- Centro de Investigacion en Sanidad Animal, Carretera de Algete a El Casar, 28130 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Stéphane Haïk
- Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ. Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, 75013 Paris, France.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bellon A, Comoy E, Simoneau S, Mornac S, Dehen C, Perrin A, Arzel A, Arrabal S, Baron H, Laude H, You B, Deslys JP, Flan B. Decontamination of prions in a plasma product manufacturing environment. Transfusion 2014; 54:1028-36. [PMID: 24032663 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The high resistance of prions to inactivating treatments requires the proper management of decontaminating procedures of equipment in contact with materials of human or animal origin destined for medical purposes. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) is widely used today for this purpose as it inactivates a wide variety of pathogens including prions. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Several NaOH treatments were tested on prions bound to either stainless steel or chromatographic resins in industrial conditions with multiple prion strains. RESULTS Data show a strong correlation between inactivation results obtained by immunochemical detection of the prion protein and those obtained with infectivity assays and establish effective inactivation treatments for prions bound to stainless steel or chromatographic resins (ion exchange and affinity), including treatments with lower NaOH concentrations. Furthermore, no obvious strain-specific behavior difference was observed between experimental models. CONCLUSION The results generated by these investigations show that industrial NaOH decontamination regimens (in combination with the NaCl elution in the case of the chromatography process) attain substantial prion inactivation and/or removal between batches, thus providing added assurance to the biologic safety of the final plasma-derived medicinal products.
Collapse
|
6
|
Cardone F, Simoneau S, Arzel A, Puopolo M, Berardi VA, Abdel-Haq H, Galeno R, De Pascalis A, Sbriccoli M, Graziano S, Valanzano A, Porte P, Diringer H, Brown P, Flan B, Pocchiari M. Comparison of nanofiltration efficacy in reducing infectivity of centrifuged versus ultracentrifuged 263K scrapie-infected brain homogenates in "spiked" albumin solutions. Transfusion 2011; 52:953-62. [PMID: 22082124 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2011.03425.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The safety of plasma-derived products is of concern for possible transmission of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. The absence of validated screening tests requires the use of procedures to remove or inactivate prions during the manufacture of plasma-derived products to minimize the risk of transmission. These procedures need proper validation studies based on spiking human plasma or intermediate fractions of plasma fractionation with prions in a form as close as possible to that present in blood. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Human albumin was spiked with low-speed or high-speed supernatants of 263K scrapie-infected hamster brain homogenates. Spiked albumin was then passed through a cascade of filters from 100 nm down to 20 to 15 nm. Residual infectivity was measured by bioassay. RESULTS The overall removal of infectivity spiked into albumin through serial nanofiltration steps was 4 to 5 logs using low-speed supernatant and 2 to 3 logs with high-speed supernatant. CONCLUSION These findings confirm the utility of nanofiltration in removing infectivity from plasma (or other products) spiked with scrapie brain homogenate supernatants. However, efficiency is diminished using supernatants that have been ultracentrifuged to reduce aggregated forms of the infectious agent. Thus, filtration removal data based on experiments using "standard" low-speed centrifugation supernatants might overestimate the amount of prion removal in plasma or urine-derived therapeutic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Franco Cardone
- Department of Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Simoneau S, Ruchoux MM, Vignier N, Lebon P, Freire S, Comoy E, Deslys JP, Fournier JG. Small critical RNAs in the scrapie agent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1038/npre.2009.3344.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AbstractUnconventional infectious agents cause transmissible spongiform encephalopathy (TSE) diseases including scrapie and bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) in animals and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease in humans. The protein only hypothesis claims that the TSE agent is composed solely of the protein called prion (PrP^sc^)^1^. This protein is the misfolded form of a host-encoded cellular protein, PrP^c^ exerting presumably a vital role at the synapse^2^. Even though now widely accepted, the prion concept fails to provide in certain circumstances^3-6^, a satisfying interpretation of the infectious phenomenon. Using the 263K scrapie-hamster model, we conducted a transmission study to search for a putative prion-associated factor indispensable for infectivity. Here we show that innocuous recombinant prion protein (recPrP) was capable, in a reproducible manner, of transmitting scrapie disease when the protein was [beta]–sheet converted in a solution containing PrP^sc^-derived RNA material. Analysis of the PrP-RNA mixture revealed the association of recPrP with two prominent populations of small RNA molecules having an average length of about ~27 and ~55 nucleotides. We conclude that the nature of the TSE agent seems to be composed of a nucleoprotein molecular complex, in which informative RNA molecules of small sizes are associated with the misfolded prion protein (PrP^sc^).
Collapse
|
8
|
Simoneau S, Rezaei H, Salès N, Kaiser-Schulz G, Lefebvre-Roque M, Vidal C, Fournier JG, Comte J, Wopfner F, Grosclaude J, Schätzl H, Lasmézas CI. In vitro and in vivo neurotoxicity of prion protein oligomers. PLoS Pathog 2007; 3:e125. [PMID: 17784787 PMCID: PMC1959381 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2007] [Accepted: 07/10/2007] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying prion-linked neurodegeneration remain to be elucidated, despite several recent advances in this field. Herein, we show that soluble, low molecular weight oligomers of the full-length prion protein (PrP), which possess characteristics of PrP to PrPsc conversion intermediates such as partial protease resistance, are neurotoxic in vitro on primary cultures of neurons and in vivo after subcortical stereotaxic injection. Monomeric PrP was not toxic. Insoluble, fibrillar forms of PrP exhibited no toxicity in vitro and were less toxic than their oligomeric counterparts in vivo. The toxicity was independent of PrP expression in the neurons both in vitro and in vivo for the PrP oligomers and in vivo for the PrP fibrils. Rescue experiments with antibodies showed that the exposure of the hydrophobic stretch of PrP at the oligomeric surface was necessary for toxicity. This study identifies toxic PrP species in vivo. It shows that PrP-induced neurodegeneration shares common mechanisms with other brain amyloidoses like Alzheimer disease and opens new avenues for neuroprotective intervention strategies of prion diseases targeting PrP oligomers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Simoneau
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Human Rezaei
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Nicole Salès
- Department of Infectology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | | | - Maxime Lefebvre-Roque
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Department of Infectology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | | | | | - Julien Comte
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Franziska Wopfner
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jeanne Grosclaude
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Hermann Schätzl
- Institute of Virology, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Corinne Ida Lasmézas
- Department of Infectology, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Adjou KT, Simoneau S, Salès N, Lamoury F, Dormont D, Papy-Garcia D, Barritault D, Deslys JP, Lasmézas CI. A novel generation of heparan sulfate mimetics for the treatment of prion diseases. J Gen Virol 2003; 84:2595-2603. [PMID: 12917481 DOI: 10.1099/vir.0.19073-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of PrP(res), the protease-resistant abnormal form of the host-encoded cellular prion protein, PrP(C), plays a central role in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Human contamination by bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) has propelled many scientific teams on a highway for anti-prion drug development. This study reports that heparan sulfate mimetics (HMs), developed originally for their effect on tissue regeneration, abolish prion propagation in scrapie-infected GT1 cells. PrP(res) does not reappear for up to 50 days post-treatment. When tested in vivo, one of these compounds, HM2602, hampered PrP(res) accumulation in scrapie- and BSE-infected mice and prolonged significantly the survival time of 263K scrapie-infected hamsters. Interestingly, HM2602 is an apparently less toxic and more potent inhibitor of PrP(res) accumulation than dextran sulfate 500, a molecule known to exhibit anti-prion properties in vivo. Kinetics of PrP(res) disappearance in vitro and unaffected PrP(C) levels during treatment suggest that HMs are able to block the conversion of PrP(C) into PrP(res). It is speculated that HMs act as competitors of endogenous heparan sulfates known to act as co-receptors for the prion protein. Since these molecules are particularly amenable to drug design, their anti-prion potential could be developed further and optimized for the treatment of prion diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karim Tarik Adjou
- CEA, DSV/DRM, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | - Steve Simoneau
- CEA, DSV/DRM, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | - Nicole Salès
- CEA, DSV/DRM, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | - François Lamoury
- CEA, DSV/DRM, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | - Dominique Dormont
- CEA, DSV/DRM, 18 route du Panorama, BP6, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses Cedex, France
| | | | - Denis Barritault
- Laboratoire CRETT, CNRS FRE2412, Université Paris XII-Val de Marne, avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil Cedex, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Leucht C, Simoneau S, Rey C, Vana K, Rieger R, Lasmézas CI, Weiss S. The 37 kDa/67 kDa laminin receptor is required for PrP(Sc) propagation in scrapie-infected neuronal cells. EMBO Rep 2003; 4:290-5. [PMID: 12634848 PMCID: PMC1315896 DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.embor768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2002] [Revised: 12/03/2002] [Accepted: 12/19/2002] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The accumulation of PrP(Sc) in scrapie-infected neuronal cells has been prevented by three approaches: (i) transfection of ScMNB cells with an antisense laminin receptor precursor (LRP) RNA-expression plasmid, (ii) transfection of ScN2a cells and ScGT1 cells with small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) specific for the LRP mRNA, and (iii) incubation of ScN2a cells with an anti-LRP/LR antibody. LRP antisense RNA and LRP siRNAs reduced LRP/LR expression and inhibited the accumulation of PrP(Sc) in these cells. The treatments also reduced PrP(c) levels. The anti-LRP/LR antibody, W3, abolished PrP(Sc) accumulation and reduced PrP(c) levels after seven days of incubation. Cells remained free of PrP(Sc) after being cultured for 14 additional days without the antibody, whereas the PrP(c) level was restored. Our results demonstrate the necessity of the laminin receptor (LRP/LR) for PrP(Sc) propagation in cultured cells and suggest that LRP/LR-specific antibodies could be used as powerful therapeutic tools in the treatment of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Leucht
- Laboratorium für Molekulare Biologie-Genzentrum-Institut für Biochemie der LMU München, Feodor-Lynen Str. 25, D- 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Steve Simoneau
- CEA, Laboratory for Prion Pathogenesis, Service de Neurovirologie DRM/DSV, BP 6, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Clémence Rey
- Laboratorium für Molekulare Biologie-Genzentrum-Institut für Biochemie der LMU München, Feodor-Lynen Str. 25, D- 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Karen Vana
- Laboratorium für Molekulare Biologie-Genzentrum-Institut für Biochemie der LMU München, Feodor-Lynen Str. 25, D- 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Roman Rieger
- Laboratorium für Molekulare Biologie-Genzentrum-Institut für Biochemie der LMU München, Feodor-Lynen Str. 25, D- 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Corinne Ida Lasmézas
- CEA, Laboratory for Prion Pathogenesis, Service de Neurovirologie DRM/DSV, BP 6, F-92265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | - Stefan Weiss
- Laboratorium für Molekulare Biologie-Genzentrum-Institut für Biochemie der LMU München, Feodor-Lynen Str. 25, D- 81377 Munich, Germany
- Tel: +49 89 2180 76951; Fax: +49 89 2180 76999;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Simoneau S, Haïk S, Leucht C, Dormont D, Deslys JP, Weiss S, Lasmézas C. Different isoforms of the non-integrin laminin receptor are present in mouse brain and bind PrP. Biol Chem 2003; 384:243-6. [PMID: 12675517 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2003.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The prion protein (PrP) plays a central role in prion diseases, and identifying its cellular receptor appears to be of crucial interest. We previously showed in the yeast two-hybrid system that PrP interacts with the 37 kDa precursor (LRP) of the high affinity 67 kDa laminin receptor (LR), which acts as the cellular receptor of PrP in cellular models. However, among the various isoforms of the receptor that have been identified so far, those which are present in the central nervous system and which bind PrP are still unknown. In this study, we have purified mouse brain fractions enriched in the laminin receptor and have performed overlay assays in order to identify those isoforms that interact with the prion protein. We demonstrate (i) the presence, in mouse brain, of several isoforms of the LRP/LR corresponding to different maturation states of the receptor (44, 60, 67 and 220 kDa) and (ii) the binding of all of these isoforms to PrP. Our data strongly support a physiological role of the laminin receptor/PrP interaction in the brain and highlight its relevance for transmissible spongiform encephalopathies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steve Simoneau
- CEA, Département de Recherche Médicale, DSV, B.P. 6, F-92 265 Fontenay-aux-Roses Cedex, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Grigoriev VB, Adjou KT, Salès N, Simoneau S, Deslys JP, Seman M, Dormont D, Fournier JG. Effects of the polyene antibiotic derivative MS-8209 on the astrocyte lysosomal system of scrapie-infected hamsters. J Mol Neurosci 2002; 18:271-81. [PMID: 12059046 DOI: 10.1385/jmn:18:3:271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Amphotericine B (AmB), a macrolide polyene antibiotic, is one of a few drugs that has shown therapeutic properties in scrapie-infected hamster. Its beneficial effect on survival time is mostly marked when animals are treated with its derivative MS-8209. To explore the MS-8209 effect at the cellular level, we investigated at the light and electron microscopy levels, the sequential appearance and distribution of PrP concurrently with histopathological changes in hamsters that were infected intracerebrally with the 263 K scrapie strain and treated or not with the drug. The first histopathological modifications and PrP immunostaining were observed in the thalamus and at the inoculation site where the drug caused a delay in the appearance of lesions and PrP accumulation. Using immunoelectron microscopy, at 70 d postinfection, the inoculation site of untreated animals showed an accumulation of PrP in plaque areas constitued by filaments mixed with alterated membrane structures and in developed lysosomal system of reactive astrocytes. Most of the numerous lysosomes containing PrP showed intra-organelle filaments. In contrast, in MS-8209 treated animals, the number of lysosomes was significantly lower (p < 0.0038), with very few organelles harboring PrP. Our results suggest that in this scrapie model, MS-8209 treatment delays the disease by preventing the replication of the scrapie agent at the inoculation site where the astrocytes appear to be the first cells producing abnormal PrP. The lysosomal system of these astrocytes could constitute a privileged target for MS-8209.
Collapse
|