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Proctor J, Stadler M, Cortes LM, Brodsky D, Poisson L, Gerdts V, Smirnov AI, Smirnova TI, Barua S, Leahy D, Beagley KW, Harris JM, Darville T, Käser T. A TriAdj-Adjuvanted Chlamydia trachomatis CPAF Protein Vaccine Is Highly Immunogenic in Pigs. Vaccines (Basel) 2024; 12:423. [PMID: 38675805 PMCID: PMC11054031 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines12040423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia trachomatis (Ct) infections are the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Despite effective antibiotics for Ct, undetected infections or delayed treatment can lead to infertility, ectopic pregnancies, and chronic pelvic pain. Besides humans, chlamydia poses similar health challenges in animals such as C. suis (Cs) in pigs. Based on the similarities between humans and pigs, as well as their chlamydia species, we use pigs as a large biomedical animal model for chlamydia research. In this study, we used the pig model to develop a vaccine candidate against Ct. The vaccine candidate consists of TriAdj-adjuvanted chlamydial-protease-like activity factor (CPAF) protein. We tested two weekly administration options-twice intranasal (IN) followed by twice intramuscular (IM) and twice IM followed by twice IN. We assessed the humoral immune response in both serum using CPAF-specific IgG (including antibody avidity determination) and also in cervical and rectal swabs using CPAF-specific IgG and IgA ELISAs. The systemic T-cell response was analyzed following in vitro CPAF restimulation via IFN-γ and IL-17 ELISpots, as well as intracellular cytokine staining flow cytometry. Our data demonstrate that while the IN/IM vaccination mainly led to non-significant systemic immune responses, the vaccine candidate is highly immunogenic if administered IM/IN. This vaccination strategy induced high serum anti-CPAF IgG levels with strong avidity, as well as high IgA and IgG levels in vaginal and rectal swabs and in uterine horn flushes. In addition, this vaccination strategy prompted a pronounced cellular immune response. Besides inducing IL-17 production, the vaccine candidate induced a strong IFN-γ response with CD4 T cells. In IM/IN-vaccinated pigs, these cells also significantly downregulated their CCR7 expression, a sign of differentiation into peripheral-tissue-homing effector/memory cells. Conclusively, this study demonstrates the strong immunogenicity of the IM/IN-administered TriAdj-adjuvanted Ct CPAF vaccine candidate. Future studies will test the vaccine efficacy of this promising Ct vaccine candidate. In addition, this project demonstrates the suitability of the Cs pre-exposed outbred pig model for Ct vaccine development. Thereby, we aim to open the bottleneck of large animal models to facilitate the progression of Ct vaccine candidates into clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Proctor
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Maria Stadler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Center of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lizette M. Cortes
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - David Brodsky
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Lydia Poisson
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A3, Canada
| | - Alex I. Smirnov
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Tatyana I. Smirnova
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | - Subarna Barua
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA;
| | - Darren Leahy
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Kenneth W. Beagley
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Harris
- Centre for Immunology and Infection Control, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane 4000, Australia
| | - Toni Darville
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA
| | - Tobias Käser
- Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences and Pathobiology, Center of Pathobiology, Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
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Clark AD, Myers TC, Steury TD, Krzton A, Yanes J, Barber A, Barry J, Barua S, Eaton K, Gosavi D, Nance R, Pervaiz Z, Ugochukwu C, Hartman P, Stevison LS. Does it pay to pay? A comparison of the benefits of open-access publishing across various sub-fields in biology. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16824. [PMID: 38436005 PMCID: PMC10906259 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Authors are often faced with the decision of whether to maximize traditional impact metrics or minimize costs when choosing where to publish the results of their research. Many subscription-based journals now offer the option of paying an article processing charge (APC) to make their work open. Though such "hybrid" journals make research more accessible to readers, their APCs often come with high price tags and can exclude authors who lack the capacity to pay to make their research accessible. Here, we tested if paying to publish open access in a subscription-based journal benefited authors by conferring more citations relative to closed access articles. We identified 146,415 articles published in 152 hybrid journals in the field of biology from 2013-2018 to compare the number of citations between various types of open access and closed access articles. In a simple generalized linear model analysis of our full dataset, we found that publishing open access in hybrid journals that offer the option confers an average citation advantage to authors of 17.8 citations compared to closed access articles in similar journals. After taking into account the number of authors, Journal Citation Reports 2020 Quartile, year of publication, and Web of Science category, we still found that open access generated significantly more citations than closed access (p < 0.0001). However, results were complex, with exact differences in citation rates among access types impacted by these other variables. This citation advantage based on access type was even similar when comparing open and closed access articles published in the same issue of a journal (p < 0.0001). However, by examining articles where the authors paid an article processing charge, we found that cost itself was not predictive of citation rates (p = 0.14). Based on our findings of access type and other model parameters, we suggest that, in the case of the 152 journals we analyzed, paying for open access does confer a citation advantage. For authors with limited budgets, we recommend pursuing open access alternatives that do not require paying a fee as they still yielded more citations than closed access. For authors who are considering where to submit their next article, we offer additional suggestions on how to balance exposure via citations with publishing costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda D. Clark
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama-Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States of America
| | - Tanner C. Myers
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Todd D. Steury
- College of Forestry, Wildlife, and Environment, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Ali Krzton
- Auburn University Libraries, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Julio Yanes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Angela Barber
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Jacqueline Barry
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Subarna Barua
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Katherine Eaton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Devadatta Gosavi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Rebecca Nance
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Zahida Pervaiz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Chidozie Ugochukwu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Patricia Hartman
- Auburn University Libraries, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
| | - Laurie S. Stevison
- Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States of America
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Shahnaz S, Hassanuzzaman M, Mazumder S, Rashid F, Hira HM, Hussain R, Barua S. Association of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) with Preeclampsia with Severe Symptoms and Eclampsia in South East Part of Bangladesh. Mymensingh Med J 2024; 33:267-278. [PMID: 38163803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a pathology seen not only in precelampsia with severe symptoms and eclampsia but in a varicty of diseases/ conditions. With the availability of neuroimaging, it is possible to know the exact underlying Central nervous system (CNS) pathology in preeclampsia with severe symptoms and eclampsia and thus therapy can be targeted. Preeclampsia with severe symptoms and eclampsia remains to be an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in both the developing and developed world. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) by MRI (Magnetic resonance imaging) with preeclampsia with severe symptoms and eclampsia in south east part of Bangladesh. This cross-sectional observational study was performed among women suffering from preeclampsia with severe symptoms and eclampsia who attended at Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH), Bangladesh from January 2021 to June 2021. According to inclusion/exclusion criteria 50 samples were taken by convenient sampling for this study. A detail history was taken and complete general physical and gynecological examination was performed. Required data was collected through preset questionnaire. Neuroimaging reports were reviewed by both neurologist and radiologist. Data was analyzed by using windows based computer software device, SPSS 25.0. Results obtained from this study will be used to make a statement regarding aggressive management for cerebral vasospasm in severe preeclampsia and eclamptia related PRES. PRES has been reported to be reversible but late recognition or incorrect treatment can cause irreversible brain damage. Institution of early treatment leads to resolution of symptoms without any neurologic deficit and thus reduces maternal morbidity and mortality. PRES is a cliniconeuroradiologic entity. This study can aware doctors regarding prompt diagnosis of PRES in peripartum period among patient suffering from preeclampsia with severe symptoms and eclampsia by imaging aside clinical findings. A conclusive decision can be made to improve the outcome in this potentially life threatening but reversible condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shahnaz
- Dr Shoyela Shahnaz, Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Chittagong Medical College (CMC), Chittagong, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Hathcock T, Raiford D, Conley A, Barua S, Murillo DFB, Prarat M, Kaur P, Scaria J, Wang C. Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterococcus faecium, and Salmonella Kentucky Harboring Aminoglycoside and Beta-Lactam Resistance Genes in Raw Meat-Based Dog Diets, USA. Foodborne Pathog Dis 2023; 20:477-483. [PMID: 37615516 DOI: 10.1089/fpd.2023.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The practice of feeding raw meat-based diets to dogs has grown in popularity worldwide in recent years. However, there are public health risks in handling and feeding raw meat-based dog diets (RMDDs) to dogs since there are no pathogen reduction steps to reduce the microbial load, which may include antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic bacteria. A total of 100 RMDDs from 63 suppliers were sampled, and selective media were used to isolate bacteria from the diets. Bacterial identification, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) were conducted to identify antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The primary meat sources for RMDDs included in this study were poultry (37%) and beef (24%). Frozen-dry was the main method of product production (68%). In total, 52 true and opportunistic pathogens, including Enterobacterales (mainly Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae) and Enterococcus faecium, were obtained from 30 RMDDs. Resistance was identified to 19 of 28 antimicrobials tested, including amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (23/52, 44%), ampicillin (19/52, 37%), cephalexin (16/52, 31%), tetracycline (7/52, 13%), marbofloxacin (7/52, 13%), and cefazolin (6/52, 12%). All 19 bacterial isolates submitted for WGS harbored at least one type of AMR gene. The identified AMR genes were found to mediate resistance to aminoglycoside (gentamicin, streptomycin, amikacin/kanamycin, gentamicin/kanamycin/tobramycin), macrolide, beta-lactam (carbapenem, cephalosporin), tetracycline, fosfomycin, quinolone, phenicol/quinolone, and sulfonamide. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that feeding and handling RMDDs may pose a significant public health risk due to the presence of antimicrobial-resistant pathogens, and further research and intervention may be necessary to minimize these risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terri Hathcock
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Donna Raiford
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Austin Conley
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Subarna Barua
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Melanie Prarat
- Ohio Department of Agriculture, Virology, and Molecular Diagnostics, Reynoldsburg, Ohio, USA
| | - Prabhjot Kaur
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Joy Scaria
- Department of Veterinary & Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota, USA
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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5
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Barua S, Bailey M, Zhong K, Iduu N, Dormitorio T, Macklin K, Bourassa D, Price S, Hauck R, Krehling J, Kitchens S, Kyriakis C, Buhr RJ, Wang C. Research Note: Role of darkling beetles (Alphitobius diaperinus) and litter in spreading and maintaining Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter jejuni in chicken flocks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:103061. [PMID: 37717478 PMCID: PMC10514072 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Salmonella and Campylobacter are common foodborne pathogens in chickens, but their persistence mechanisms within flocks are not fully understood. In this study, 4 groups of SPF Leghorn chickens (n = 50) were orally inoculated with 108Salmonella Enteritidis and 108Campylobacter jejuni, housed in BSL-2 rooms inside containers with autoclaved bedding and beetles (n = 200). Phase I (wk 1-3): the infected chickens remained in the containers and were then euthanized while beetles and litter remained in the container (group A), beetles were removed and litter remained in the container (group B), beetles remained and litter was removed (group C), and beetles and litter were removed (group D). Phase II (wk 5-7): autoclaved bedding was added to containers in groups C and D, and new SPF chickens (n = 50) were introduced and kept. Phase III (wk 8-20): all chickens were euthanized, and the litter and/or beetles remained in the containers for 17 wk. The prevalence of Salmonella Enteritidis and Campylobacter was significantly higher when detected by PCR compared to culture. In phase II, when infected chickens were removed and new chickens were introduced, 1 fecal sample in group B and 3 litter samples in groups B and C were found positive for Salmonella Enteritidis, and Campylobacter was still detected in groups A, B, and C litter samples, but not in beetles. In phase III, when all chickens were removed, Salmonella Enteritidis was identified in beetle samples from group A and the litter samples of all tested groups A, B, and C, and C. jejuni was positive in litter samples from groups A and B but not in the beetle. Sixty-nine days after removing infected chickens, culturable Salmonella was still found in beetles. Salmonella and Campylobacter were detectable in litter up to 127 d after removing infected chickens. This study highlights the transmission of Salmonella and Campylobacter via beetles and litter to new flocks in successive rearing cycles. Intensive control programs should target insect exclusion and implement strict poultry litter management or litter changes between flocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Barua
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Matthew Bailey
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Kevin Zhong
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Nneka Iduu
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Kenneth Macklin
- Department of Poultry Science, Mississippi State University, Starkville, AL, USA
| | - Dianna Bourassa
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Stuart Price
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ruediger Hauck
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA; Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - James Krehling
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Steven Kitchens
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Constantinos Kyriakis
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA.
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Iduu N, Barua S, Falkenberg S, Armstrong C, Stockler JW, Moye A, Walz PH, Wang C. Theileria orientalis Ikeda in Cattle, Alabama, USA. Vet Sci 2023; 10:638. [PMID: 37999461 PMCID: PMC10674541 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10110638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Theileria orientalis Ikeda genotype, a parasite causing a disease in cattle that leads to significant economic challenges in Asia, New Zealand, and Australia, has been identified in seven U.S. States since 2017. Two previously validated PCR tests for Theileria followed by DNA sequencing were performed to test blood samples collected from 219 cattle in Alabama, USA, during the period of 2022-2023. Bidirectional Sanger sequencing revealed that the MPSP gene sequences (639-660 bp) from two cattle in Lee and Mobile Counties of Alabama exhibited a 100% match with those of recognized T. orientalis Ikeda strains, and showed similarities ranging from 76% to 88% with ten other T. orientalis genotypes. A high copy number of T. orientalis Ikeda was detected in the blood of infected cattle (ALP-1: 1.7 × 105 and 1.3 × 106/mL whole blood, six months apart; ALP-2: 7.1 × 106/mL whole blood). Although the confirmed competent vector for T. orientalis Ikeda, Haemaphysalis longicornis tick, has not yet been identified in Alabama, the persistent nature of T. orientalis Ikeda infection and the detection of a high pathogen burden in seemingly healthy cattle in this study suggest that other tick species, as well as shared needles and dehorning procedures, could facilitate pathogen transmission within the herd. Continued investigations are necessary for the surveillance of T. orientalis Ikeda and Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks in Alabama and other U.S. states, along with assessing the pathogenicity of T. orientalis Ikeda infections in cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nneka Iduu
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.I.); (S.B.); (S.F.); (P.H.W.)
| | - Subarna Barua
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.I.); (S.B.); (S.F.); (P.H.W.)
| | - Shollie Falkenberg
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.I.); (S.B.); (S.F.); (P.H.W.)
| | - Chance Armstrong
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.A.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Jenna Workman Stockler
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (C.A.); (J.W.S.)
| | - Annie Moye
- College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA;
| | - Paul H. Walz
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (N.I.); (S.B.); (S.F.); (P.H.W.)
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Sciences and Mathematics, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA;
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Barua S, Kaltenboeck B, Juan YC, Bird RC, Wang C. Comparative Evaluation of GS-441524, Teriflunomide, Ruxolitinib, Molnupiravir, Ritonavir, and Nirmatrelvir for In Vitro Antiviral Activity against Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus. Vet Sci 2023; 10:513. [PMID: 37624300 PMCID: PMC10459838 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), caused by feline coronavirus (FcoV), is considered one of the most enigmatic diseases in cats. Developing effective drugs for FIP is crucial due to its global prevalence and severity. In this study, six antiviral drugs were tested for their cytotoxicity, cell viability, and antiviral efficacies in Crandell-Reese feline kidney cells. A cytotoxicity assay demonstrated that these drugs were safe to be used with essentially no cytotoxicity with concentrations as high as 250 µM for ruxolitinib; 125 µM for GS441524; 63 µM for teriflunomide, molnupiravir, and nirmatrelvir; and 16 µM for ritonavir. GS441524 and nirmatrelvir exhibited the least detrimental effects on the CRFK cells, with 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values of 260.0 µM and 279.1 µM, respectively, while ritonavir showed high toxicity (CC50 = 39.9 µM). In the dose-response analysis, GS441524, nirmatrelvir, and molnupiravir demonstrated promising results with selectivity index values of 165.54, 113.67, and 29.27, respectively, against FIPV. Our study suggests that nirmatrelvir and molnupiravir hold potential for FIPV treatment and could serve as alternatives to GS441524. Continued research and development of antiviral drugs are essential to ensure the well-being of companion animals and improve our preparedness for future outbreaks of coronaviruses affecting animals and humans alike.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36830, USA; (S.B.); (B.K.); (Y.-C.J.); (R.C.B.)
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Barua S, Conte S, Cherrett C, Robson D, Bragg C, MacDonald P, Muthiah K, Hayward C. Major Adverse Kidney Events is a Predictor of Reduced Survival in Patients Supported with Ventricular Assist Devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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9
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Barua S, Lo P, Stephens M, Vazquez G, Diab S, James K, Heuring J, Muthiah K, Hayward C. A Mock Circulatory Loop Analysis of the Procyrion Aortix Pump. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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10
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Chavali S, Barua S, Adjii A, Robson D, Raven L, Greenfield J, Parvar S, MacDonald P, Hayward C, Muthiah K. Safety and Tolerability of Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter-2 Inhibitors (SGLT2i) in Patients Supported with Left Ventricular Assist Devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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Jiang J, Jain P, Adji A, Barua S, Hayward C. Afterload and LV Function, but Not Circuit Flow, Determine LV Filling Pressure During VA-ECMO. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.1529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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12
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Jiang J, Jain P, Adji A, Barua S, Hayward C. Determinants of LV Filling Pressure During ECPR with VA-ECMO: A Mock Circulatory Loop Study. J Heart Lung Transplant 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2023.02.738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
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13
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Barua S, Newbolt CH, Ditchkoff SS, Johnson C, Zohdy S, Smith R, Wang C. Absence of SARS-CoV-2 in a captive white-tailed deer population in Alabama, USA. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1707-1710. [PMID: 35707965 PMCID: PMC9246038 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2090282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Barua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chad H Newbolt
- College of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Stephen S Ditchkoff
- College of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Calvin Johnson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Sarah Zohdy
- College of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Rachel Smith
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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Barua S, Bai J, Kelly PJ, Hanzlicek G, Noll L, Johnson C, Yin JH, Wang C. Identification of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant C22995A using a high-resolution melting curve RT-FRET-PCR. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:14-17. [PMID: 34783635 PMCID: PMC8725927 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.2007738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Knowledge of SARS-CoV-2 variants is essential for formulating effective control policies. Currently, variants are only identified in relatively small percentages of cases as the required genome sequencing is expensive, time-consuming, and not always available. In countries with facilities to sequence the SARS-CoV-2, the Delta variant currently predominates. Elsewhere, the prevalence of the Delta variant is unclear. To avoid the need for sequencing, we investigated a RT-FRET-PCR that could detect all SARS-CoV-2 strains and simultaneously identify the Delta variant. The established Delta RT-FRET-PCR was performed on reference SARS-CoV-2 strains, and human nasal swab samples positive for the Delta and non-Delta strains. The Delta RT-FRET-PCR established in this study detected as few as ten copies of the DNA target and 100 copies of RNA target per reaction. Melting points of products obtained with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variants (around 56.1°C) were consistently higher than products obtained with non-Delta strains (around 52.5°C). The Delta RT-FRET-PCR can be used to diagnose COVID-19 patients and simultaneously identify if they are infected with the Delta variant. The Delta RT-FRET-PCR can be performed with all major thermocycler brands meaning data on Delta variant can now be readily generated in diagnostic laboratories worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Barua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Patrick John Kelly
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, St. Kitts & Nevis
| | - Gregg Hanzlicek
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Lance Noll
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Calvin Johnson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Ji-Hang Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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15
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Hoque MM, Valentine MJ, Kelly PJ, Barua S, Murillo DFB, Wang C. Modification of the Folmer primers for the cytochrome c oxidase gene facilitates identification of mosquitoes. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:437. [PMID: 36419198 PMCID: PMC9682724 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05494-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate identification of mosquito species is essential for the development and optimization of strategies to control mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases. Problems with the morphological identification of mosquito species have led to the use of molecular identification techniques, in particular the Folmer cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) PCR system (FCOS), originally designed to identify a range of other invertebrates. METHODS As there can be difficulties identifying mosquitoes using FCOS, we re-evaluated the FCOS primers and developed a new COI-based SYBR PCR (the Auburn COI system-AUCOS) to improve the molecular identification of mosquitoes. Sequence data in GenBank for 33 species from 10 genera of mosquitoes were used to develop our AUCOS primers. Two molecular assays (AUCOS, FCOS) and morphological identification were carried out on mosquitoes collected from the field in Auburn, Alabama (USA) and on Saint Kitts. RESULTS With a convenience sample of individual mosquitoes comprising 19 species from six genera in Saint Kitts (n = 77) and Auburn (n = 48), our AUCOS provided higher-quality sequence data than FCOS. It also proved more sensitive than FCOS, successfully amplifying 67.5% (85/126) as opposed to 16.7% (21/126) of the samples. The species determined by morphology, or genus with damaged samples, matched that as determined by AUCOS for 84.9% (62/73) of the samples. Morphological classification was confirmed by FCOS with 81.0% (17/21) of samples producing utilizable sequences. While both FCOS and AUCOS correctly identified all the Aedes, Anopheles, Deinocerites, and Uranotaenia species in the study, identification of Culex species was less successful with both methods: 50.0% (3/6) by FCOS and 35.7% (5/14) by AUCOS. CONCLUSIONS The AUCOS DNA barcoding system for mosquito species described in this study is superior to the existing FCOS for the identification of mosquito species. As AUCOS and FCOS amplify the same variable region of the COI, the large amount of existing data on GenBank can be used to identify mosquito species with sequences produced by either PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Hoque
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5519 USA
| | | | | | - Subarna Barua
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5519 USA
| | - Daniel Felipe Barrantes Murillo
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5519 USA
| | - Chengming Wang
- grid.252546.20000 0001 2297 8753College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5519 USA
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16
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Smith R, Murillo DFB, Chenoweth K, Barua S, Kelly PJ, Starkey L, Blagburn B, Wood T, Wang C. Nationwide molecular survey of Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens in companion dogs and cats, United States of America. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:367. [PMID: 36229848 PMCID: PMC9559157 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05459-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Heartworms, Dirofilaria immitis, are known to be widespread in dogs and cats in the USA, but there have been no country-wide prevalence studies performed to date. There have also been no large-scale studies to determine whether the closely related species, Dirofilaria repens, occurs in the USA. Methods To provide this large-scale data, we examined whole blood samples (n = 2334) submitted from around the USA to the Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory at Auburn University between 2016 and 2022. Quantitative PCRs for D. immitis (targeting 16S rRNA) and D. repens (targeting cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 gene) were performed to determine the presence of Dirofilaria DNA. DNA sequencing was performed to confirm the results. Results Dirofilaria immitis DNA was found in 6.3% (68/1080) of the dogs from 17/39 states, and 0.3% (4/1254) of the cats from 4/42 states. None of the dogs or cats were positive for D. repens. The average 16S rRNA copy number of D. immitis in the dogs was 1,809,604 in 200 µl whole blood, while only a single copy was found in each of the four D. immitis-positive cats. The prevalence of D. immitis in dogs of different ages, sexes, and breeds did not differ significantly, but the prevalence in Southern states (7.5%, 60/803) was significantly higher than in the Western (1.7%, 1/58), Midwest (3.3%, 4/120), and Northeastern states (3.1%, 3/98) (P < 0.05). Dogs positive for D. immitis were identified in each study year (2016: 4.2%, 2/48; 2017: 9.8%, 4/41; 2018: 5.1%, 8/156; 2019: 4.9%, 15/306; 2020: 9.8%, 26/265; 2021: 4.9%, 13/264). Interestingly, dogs infected with Hepatozoon spp. (11.8%, 37/313) were significantly more likely to also be positive for D. immitis than dogs without evidence of Hepatozoon infection (3.9%, 30/760) (P < 0.0001). Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first nationwide molecular survey of Dirofilaria spp. in dogs and cats in the USA, and the largest molecular survey of canine and feline dirofilariosis worldwide. Further studies are warranted to combine PCR with standard heartworm diagnostics to better understand the prevalence of Dirofilaria spp. and aid in determining the risks posed to dogs and cats in the USA. Graphical Abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-022-05459-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Smith
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Kelly Chenoweth
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Subarna Barua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Patrick John Kelly
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Lindsay Starkey
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Byron Blagburn
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Theresa Wood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA. .,Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA.
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Barua S, Yang T, Conte S, Bragg C, Macdonald P, Muthiah K, Hayward C. Value of Renal Histology for Predicting Cardiorenal Outcomes in Patients Listed for Cardiac Transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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18
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Krishnaswamy R, Robson D, Ramanayake A, Gunawan A, Barua S, Adji A, Hayward C, Muthiah K. Using Pulsatility Responses to Breath-Hold Maneuvers to Predict Readmission Rates in Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Krishnaswamy R, Robson D, Ramanayake A, Gunawan A, Barua S, Jain P, Adji A, Macdonald P, Hayward C, Muthiah K. Using Pulsatility Responses to Breath-Hold Manoeuvres to Predict Readmission Rates in Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Patients. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Barua S, Lo P, Stevens M, Vazquez G, Diab S, Heuring J, Krisher J, Muthiah K, Hayward C. A Mock Circulatory Loop Analysis of an Intra-Aortic Cardiorenal Pump. Heart Lung Circ 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2022.06.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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21
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Barua S, Hoque M, Adekanmbi F, Kelly P, Jenkins-Moore M, Torchetti MK, Chenoweth K, Wood T, Wang C. Antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 in dogs and cats, USA. Emerg Microbes Infect 2021; 10:1669-1674. [PMID: 34374631 PMCID: PMC8381919 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2021.1967101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To provide more complete data on SARS-CoV-2 infections in dogs and cats in the U.S., we conducted a serosurvey on convenience serum samples from dogs (n=1336) and cats (n=956) collected from 48 states of the USA in 2020. An ELISA targeting the antibody against nucleocapsid identified eleven positive and two doubtful samples in cats, and five positive and five doubtful samples in dogs. A surrogate neutralization assay detecting antibodies blocking the attachment of the spike protein to ACE2 was positive with three of the ELISA positive and doubtful samples, and one of 463 randomly selected ELISA negative samples. These four positive samples were confirmed by SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization testing. All were from cats, in New York, Florida, and New Jersey (n=2). The serosurvey results, one of the largest yet completed on dogs and cats globally, support the OIE and CDC positions that currently there is no evidence that pets play a role in the spread of SARS CoV-2 in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Barua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Monirul Hoque
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | | | - Patrick Kelly
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, St. Kitts & Nevis
| | - Melinda Jenkins-Moore
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Mia Kim Torchetti
- National Veterinary Services Laboratories, United States Department of Agriculture, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Kelly Chenoweth
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Theresa Wood
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
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22
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Barua S, Hoque M, Kelly PJ, Bai J, Hanzlicek G, Noll L, Walz H, Johnson C, Kyriakis C, Wang C. Cover Image, Volume 93, Number 9, September 2021. J Med Virol 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Barua
- College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Monirul Hoque
- College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Patrick J. Kelly
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine Basseterre Saint George Basseterre Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | - Gregg Hanzlicek
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | - Lance Noll
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas USA
| | - Heather Walz
- College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
- Thompson Bishop Sparks State Diagnostic Laboratory Auburn Alabama USA
| | - Calvin Johnson
- College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
| | | | - Chengming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine Auburn University Auburn Alabama USA
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23
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Barua S, Hoque M, Kelly PJ, Bai J, Hanzlicek G, Noll L, Walz H, Johnson C, Kyriakis C, Wang C. High-resolution melting curve FRET-PCR rapidly identifies SARS-CoV-2 mutations. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5588-5593. [PMID: 34138474 PMCID: PMC8426997 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Reverse transcription fluorescence resonance energy transfer-polymerase chain reaction (FRET-PCRs) were designed against the two most common mutations in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (A23403G in the spike protein; C14408T in the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase). Based on high-resolution melting curve analysis, the reverse transcription (RT) FRET-PCRs identified the mutations in american type culture collection control viruses, and feline and human clinical samples. All major makes of PCR machines can perform melting curve analysis and thus further specifically designed FRET-PCRs could enable active surveillance for mutations and variants in countries where genome sequencing is not readily available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Barua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Monirul Hoque
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Patrick J Kelly
- Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint George Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Jianfa Bai
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Gregg Hanzlicek
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Lance Noll
- Kansas State Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas, USA
| | - Heather Walz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA.,Thompson Bishop Sparks State Diagnostic Laboratory, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Calvin Johnson
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | | | - Chengming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
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24
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Conte S, Barua S, Cherrett C, Adji A, Engelman J, Robson D, Bragg C, Kearney K, Jain P, Macdonald P, Muthiah K, Hayward C. Flow Pulsatility and Outcomes in Continuous-Flow Ventricular Assist Devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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25
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Barua S, Conte S, Cherrett C, Adji A, Engelman J, Robson D, Kearney K, Bragg C, Jain P, Schnegg B, Macdonald P, Muthiah K, Hayward C. Predictors of Worsening Renal Function in Patients Supported with Ventricular Assist Devices. J Heart Lung Transplant 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2021.01.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Subarna Barua
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Md Monirul Hoque
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Patrick John Kelly
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Anil Poudel
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Folasade Adekanmbi
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Anwar Kalalah
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - Yi Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL 36832, USA
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27
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Hoque MM, Adekanmbi F, Barua S, Rahman KS, Aida V, Anderson B, Poudel A, Kalalah A, Bolds S, Madere S, Kitchens S, Price S, Brown V, Lockaby BG, Kyriakis CS, Kaltenboeck B, Wang C. Peptide ELISA and FRET-qPCR Identified a Significantly Higher Prevalence of Chlamydia suis in Domestic Pigs Than in Feral Swine from the State of Alabama, USA. Pathogens 2020; 10:pathogens10010011. [PMID: 33375583 PMCID: PMC7823902 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia suis is an important, highly prevalent, and diverse obligate intracellular pathogen infecting pigs. In order to investigate the prevalence and diversity of C. suis in the U.S., 276 whole blood samples from feral swine were collected as well as 109 fecal swabs and 60 whole blood samples from domestic pigs. C. suis-specific peptide ELISA identified anti-C. suis antibodies in 13.0% of the blood of feral swine (26/276) and 80.0% of the domestic pigs (48/60). FRET-qPCR and DNA sequencing found C. suis DNA in 99.1% of the fecal swabs (108/109) and 21.7% of the whole blood (13/60) of the domestic pigs, but not in any of the assayed blood samples (0/267) in feral swine. Phylogenetic comparison of partial C. suis ompA gene sequences and C. suis-specific multilocus sequencing typing (MLST) revealed significant genetic diversity of the C. suis identified in this study. Highly genetically diverse C. suis strains are prevalent in domestic pigs in the USA. As crowding strongly enhances the frequency and intensity of highly prevalent Chlamydia infections in animals, less population density in feral swine than in domestic pigs may explain the significantly lower C. suis prevalence in feral swine. A future study is warranted to obtain C. suis DNA from feral swine to perform genetic diversity of C. suis between commercial and feral pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Hoque
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.M.H.); (F.A.); (S.B.); (K.S.R.); (V.A.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (C.S.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Folasade Adekanmbi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.M.H.); (F.A.); (S.B.); (K.S.R.); (V.A.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (C.S.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Subarna Barua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.M.H.); (F.A.); (S.B.); (K.S.R.); (V.A.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (C.S.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Kh. Shamsur Rahman
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.M.H.); (F.A.); (S.B.); (K.S.R.); (V.A.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (C.S.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Virginia Aida
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.M.H.); (F.A.); (S.B.); (K.S.R.); (V.A.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (C.S.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Brian Anderson
- Swine Research and Education Center, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA;
| | - Anil Poudel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.M.H.); (F.A.); (S.B.); (K.S.R.); (V.A.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (C.S.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Anwar Kalalah
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.M.H.); (F.A.); (S.B.); (K.S.R.); (V.A.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (C.S.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Sara Bolds
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (S.B.); (S.M.); (B.G.L.)
| | - Steven Madere
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (S.B.); (S.M.); (B.G.L.)
| | - Steven Kitchens
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.M.H.); (F.A.); (S.B.); (K.S.R.); (V.A.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (C.S.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Stuart Price
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.M.H.); (F.A.); (S.B.); (K.S.R.); (V.A.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (C.S.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Vienna Brown
- National Feral Swine Damage Management Program, Wildlife Services, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA;
| | - B. Graeme Lockaby
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (S.B.); (S.M.); (B.G.L.)
| | - Constantinos S. Kyriakis
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.M.H.); (F.A.); (S.B.); (K.S.R.); (V.A.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (C.S.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Bernhard Kaltenboeck
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.M.H.); (F.A.); (S.B.); (K.S.R.); (V.A.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (C.S.K.); (B.K.)
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (M.M.H.); (F.A.); (S.B.); (K.S.R.); (V.A.); (A.P.); (A.K.); (S.K.); (S.P.); (C.S.K.); (B.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Hoque MM, Barua S, Kelly PJ, Chenoweth K, Kaltenboeck B, Wang C. Identification of Rickettsia felis DNA in the blood of domestic cats and dogs in the USA. Parasit Vectors 2020; 13:581. [PMID: 33208186 PMCID: PMC7672164 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-04464-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The main vector and reservoir host of Rickettsia felis, an emerging human pathogen causing flea-borne spotted fever, is the cat flea Ctenocephalides felis. While cats have not been found to be infected with the organism, significant percentages of dogs from Australia and Africa are infected, indicating that they may be important mammalian reservoirs. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of R. felis DNA in the blood of domestic dogs and cats in the USA. METHODS Three previously validated PCR assays for R. felis and DNA sequencing were performed on blood samples obtained from clinically ill domestic cats and dogs from 45 states (2008-2020) in the USA. The blood samples had been submitted for the diagnosis of various tick-borne diseases in dogs and feline infectious peritonitis virus, feline immunodeficiency virus, and Bartonella spp. in cats. Phylogenetic comparisons were performed on the gltA nucleotide sequences obtained in the study and those reported for R. felis and R. felis-like organisms. RESULTS Low copy numbers of R. felis DNA (around 100 copies/ml whole blood) were found in four cats (4/752, 0.53%) and three dogs (3/777, 0.39%). The very low levels of infection in clinically ill animals is consistent with R. felis being an unlikely cause of disease in naturally infected dogs and cats. The low copy numbers we found emphasize the requirement for very sensitive PCRs in prevalence studies. CONCLUSIONS The low prevalence of naturally infected PCR-positive cats is further evidence that cats are unlikely to be important reservoirs of R. felis. Similarly, the low prevalence in dogs suggests they are not important reservoirs in the USA. Investigations should continue into the role other mammalian species may be playing in the epidemiology of R. felis infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Monirul Hoque
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - Subarna Barua
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - Patrick John Kelly
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Island Main Road, West Farm, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis
| | - Kelly Chenoweth
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - Bernhard Kaltenboeck
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA
| | - Chengming Wang
- Department of Pathobiology, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn, AL, 36832, USA.
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Elhalawani H, Volpe S, Cardenas C, Stieb S, Rock C, Lin T, Yang P, Wu H, Barua S, Zaveri J, Elgohari B, Abdallah L, Jethanandani A, Mohamed A, Court L, Gunn G, Rosenthal D, Frank S, Garden A, Rao A, Hutcheson K, Fuller C. Investigation of Longitudinal Dose-weighted FDG-Positron Emission Tomography Metabolic Imaging Biomarkers (PET MIBs) of Radiation-associated Dysphagia in OPC Cohort. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Poudel A, Hoque MM, Madere S, Bolds S, Price S, Barua S, Adekanmbi F, Kalalah A, Kitchens S, Brown V, Wang C, Lockaby BG. Molecular and Serological Prevalence of Leptospira spp. in Feral Pigs ( Sus scrofa) and their Habitats in Alabama, USA. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9100857. [PMID: 33092307 PMCID: PMC7589127 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9100857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a widespread zoonosis and has been recognized as a re-emerging infectious disease in humans and a variety of wild and domestic animal species. In order to understand the prevalence and diversity of Leptospira spp. in feral pig populations of Alabama, we trapped 315 feral pigs in Bullock County east-central Alabama, and collected 97 environmental samples from riparian areas in Bullock County and Macon County east-central Alabama. Two previously published PCRs followed by DNA sequencing and BLASTn were performed to identify pathogenic Leptospira species in the kidney of feral pigs (3.2%, 10/315) as well as environmental samples collected from the habitats of feral pigs (2.1%, 2/97), but not in the whole blood samples (n = 276) or spleen (n = 51). An ELISA determined that 44.2% of serum samples (122/276) were antibody-positive for Leptospira. The identification of two pathogenic Leptospira species from environmental samples and the high sero-positivity in feral pigs suggests potential pathogen shedding from feral pigs to environments, and to humans and domestic animals. In order to better understand the risk to human health associated with feral swine presence, further studies are warranted to explore the interrelationship between Leptospira spp. shedding in the urine of feral pigs and bacterial culture to explore pathogenicity. Multi-locus sequencing typing (MLST) and microscopic agglutination tests (MAT) should be performed in future studies to make a definite determination of pathogenic Leptospira in feral pigs in Alabama.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Poudel
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (A.P.); (M.M.H.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Md Monirul Hoque
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (A.P.); (M.M.H.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Steven Madere
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA; (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Sara Bolds
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA; (S.M.); (S.B.)
| | - Stuart Price
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (A.P.); (M.M.H.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Subarna Barua
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (A.P.); (M.M.H.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Folasade Adekanmbi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (A.P.); (M.M.H.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Anwar Kalalah
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (A.P.); (M.M.H.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Steven Kitchens
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (A.P.); (M.M.H.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
| | - Vienna Brown
- USDA/APHIS/Wildlife Services, National Feral Swine Damage Management Program, Fort Collins, CO 80521, USA;
| | - Chengming Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA; (A.P.); (M.M.H.); (S.P.); (S.B.); (F.A.); (A.K.); (S.K.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (B.G.L.)
| | - B. Graeme Lockaby
- School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36830, USA; (S.M.); (S.B.)
- Correspondence: (C.W.); (B.G.L.)
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Barua S, Muthiah K, Sevastos J, Macdonald P, Hayward C. 161 Renal Histology associated With Cardiorenal Syndrome in Patients With Advanced Heart Failure. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Barua S, Muthiah K, Macdonald P, Hayward C. 622 Renal Resistive Index and Acute Kidney Injury During Mechanical Circulatory Support. Heart Lung Circ 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Barua S, Rhee J, Cho E, Qureshi A, Walker J. 537 Psychosocial burden of skin caner is associated with age and sex. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chandru P, Barua S, Dennis M, Eslick A, Kruit N, Coggins A. A Prospective 3-Year Review of out of Hospital Cardiac Arrest Presentations to a University-Affiliated Tertiary Centre. Heart Lung Circ 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2019.06.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Elhalawani H, Volpe S, Cardenas C, Barua S, Rock C, Lin T, Yang P, Wu H, Zaveri J, Elgohari B, Abdallah L, Jethanandani A, Mohamed A, Hutcheson K, Gunn G, Rosenthal D, Frank S, Garden A, Rao A, Fuller C. Development of Temporal Dose-Weighted Positron Emission Tomography Metabolic Imaging Biomarkers (PET MIBs) of Radiation-Related Parotid Glands Injury in Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Barua S, Saikia N. 2.1-O4Explaining the religious disparity and associated risk factors of diabetes in Southern India. Eur J Public Health 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky047.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Barua
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
| | - N Saikia
- Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India
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Elhalawani H, Volpe S, Barua S, Mohamed A, Yang P, Ng S, Lai S, Hutcheson K, Gunn G, Court L, Rao A, Fuller C. Exploration of an Early Imaging Biomarker of Osteoradionecrosis in Oropharyngeal Cancer Patients: Case-Control Study of the Temporal Changes of Mandibular Radiomics Features. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.12.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Reddy SM, Reuben A, Jiang H, Roszik J, Tetzlaff MT, Reuben J, Wang L, Tsujikawa T, Barua S, Rao A, Villareal L, Wood A, Woodward W, Ueno NT, Krishnamurthy S, Wargo JA, Mittendorf EA. Abstract P3-05-08: Lymphoid and myeloid cell characterization of inflammatory breast cancer tumor microenvironment and correlation to pathological complete response. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p3-05-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive form of breast cancer with poor response rates to current chemotherapy regimens. With recent successes of immune targeted therapies in other solid tumors and a growing understanding of how the immune tumor microenvironment (TME) affects non-IBC outcomes, we sought to characterize the immune TME in IBC to identify biomarkers of treatment response and potential targets for drug development.
Methods: Pre-treatment core biopsy samples were identified from the MD Anderson Cancer Center IBC tissue bank from patients with stage III and de novo stage IV (with T4d) disease who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) with intent to take to mastectomy. Lymphocytes were characterized by stromal tumor infiltrating lymphocyte (sTIL) quantification, CD8 T cell quantification, and T cell receptor sequencing. PD-L1 expression was assessed using DAKO 22C3 clone on tumor and immune cells. Myeloid cells were characterized using a multiplex immunohistochemistry approach, using CD68 and CD163 for macrophage markers, tryptase for mast cell marker, HLA-DR for class II antigen presentation marker, and cytokeratin as tumor marker. Spatial analyses were performed by determining probabilities of finding cell 1 of interest within 20 uM of cell 2 of interest and computing area under the curve for statistical comparison.
Results: 91 patients with stage III (N=62) or de novo stage IV (n=29) disease were identified. Breast cancer subtype included 25 triple negative, 34 HER2+ and 32 HER2-HR+. 86 patients received a mastectomy, of whom 33 (38.4%) patients experienced a pathologic complete response (pCR). sTIL was higher in stage III tumors (11.9 vs 4.8%, p<0.001) and in those having a pCR (13.8 vs 7.3%, p=0.019). CD8 T cell density (available in 48 cases) similarly was higher in stage III patients (360.3 vs 178.8 counts/mm2, p=0.040) and pCR cases (452.3 vs 219.2 counts/mm2, p=0.080) but also higher in HER2+ disease (560.9 for HER2+ vs 239.9 counts/mm2, p=0.087 for TNBC and 153.6 counts/mm2, p=0.005 for HER2-HR+). T cell clonality (available in 32 cases) ranged from 0.004 to 0.242 but showed no correlation to tumor characteristics or response. PD-L1 complete tumor membranous expression was seen in only 1 of 47 cases, whereas PD-L1 positivity on immune cells was seen on 36.2% of cases; neither correlated to response. Myeloid cell assessment (available in 25 cases) showed higher mast cell infiltration in non-pCR cases (63.8 vs 26.8 counts/mm2, p=0.008) and spatial analysis (performed on 10 cases) identified that closer proximity of mast cells to CD8 T cells correlates with response (AUC 6.0 vs 2.2, p=0.017), suggesting a possible immunosuppressive mechanism. HLA-DR analysis demonstrated no difference by response as a single stain marker, but co-localization of HLA-DR with cell type shows higher HLA-DR expression on tumor cells in non-responders (14.6 vs 1.6%, p=0.031).
Conclusions: Higher TIL and CD8 T cell density are correlated with improved responses to NAC in IBC. Mast cell infiltration and HLA-DR expression on tumor cells are inversely correlated to response and suggest possible mechanisms of resistance. Mast cells could present potential therapeutic target in IBC.
Citation Format: Reddy SM, Reuben A, Jiang H, Roszik J, Tetzlaff MT, Reuben J, Wang L, Tsujikawa T, Barua S, Rao A, Villareal L, Wood A, Woodward W, Ueno NT, Krishnamurthy S, Wargo JA, Mittendorf EA. Lymphoid and myeloid cell characterization of inflammatory breast cancer tumor microenvironment and correlation to pathological complete response [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-05-08.
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Affiliation(s)
- SM Reddy
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Reuben
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Jiang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - J Roszik
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - MT Tetzlaff
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - J Reuben
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - L Wang
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Tsujikawa
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Barua
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Rao
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - L Villareal
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Wood
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - W Woodward
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - NT Ueno
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Krishnamurthy
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - JA Wargo
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - EA Mittendorf
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, Houston, TX; Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR; Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Barik SK, Tiwari ON, Adhikari D, Singh PP, Tiwary R, Barua S. Geographic Distribution Pattern of Threatened Plants of India and Steps Taken for their Conservation. CURR SCI INDIA 2018. [DOI: 10.18520/cs/v114/i03/470-503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Barua S, Macedo A, Kolb DS, Wynne-Edwards KE, Klein C. Milk-fat globule epidermal growth factor 8 (MFGE8) is expressed at the embryo– and fetal–maternal interface in equine pregnancy. Reprod Fertil Dev 2018; 30:585-590. [DOI: 10.1071/rd17094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Milk-fat globule epidermal growth factor (EGF) 8 protein (MFGE8), also known as lactadherin, promotes cell adhesion in an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD)-dependent modus via integrins. In the present study, the expression of MFGE8 was examined in equine endometrium during oestrus and at Days 12 and 16 after ovulation in pregnant and non-pregnant mares and in mares during the 5th month of gestation. Results demonstrated that MFGE8 is expressed at the embryo– and fetal–maternal interface in equine pregnancy. In non-pregnant endometrium its expression was upregulated by oestrogen, a finding that was confirmed using endometrial explant culture. MFGE8 was expressed at similar levels by conceptuses collected 13 and 14 days after ovulation and by allantochorion sampled during the 5th month of gestation. Pericytes of endometrial blood vessels displayed strong MFGE8 expression upon in situ hybridisation. During the 5th month of gestation, the fetal side of the allantochorionic villi in particular displayed pronounced staining upon in situ hybridisation, confirming that MFGE8 expression is not restricted to early pregnancy but persists and is present at the fetal–maternal interface. Potential roles of MFGE8 in equine pregnancy include mediating cell–cell adhesion, promotion of angiogenesis and placental transfer of fatty acids.
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Barua S, Sivagangabalan G, Denniss A, Thomas S, Ross D, Chik W, Davis L. Characteristics of Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Device Infection. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- N.C. Sarkar
- Anthropological Survey of India , Shillong, 793 001, Meghalaya, India
| | - S. Barua
- Anthropological Survey of India, Indian Museum , Calcutta, 700 016, West Bengal, India
| | - R. Th. Varte
- Anthropological Survey of India , Shillong, 793 001, Meghalaya, India
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Knappett PSK, Mailloux BJ, Choudhury I, Khan MR, Michael HA, Barua S, Mondal DR, Steckler MS, Akhter SH, Ahmed KM, Bostick B, Harvey CF, Shamsudduha M, Shuai P, Mihajlov I, Mozumder R, van Geen A. VULNERABILITY OF LOW-ARSENIC AQUIFERS TO MUNICIPAL PUMPING IN BANGLADESH. J Hydrol (Amst) 2016; 539:674-686. [PMID: 28966395 PMCID: PMC5617134 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Sandy aquifers deposited >12,000 years ago, some as shallow as 30 m, have provided a reliable supply of low-arsenic (As) drinking water in rural Bangladesh. This study concerns the potential risk of contaminating these aquifers in areas surrounding the city of Dhaka where hydraulic heads in aquifers >150 m deep have dropped by 70 m in a few decades due to municipal pumping. Water levels measured continuously from 2012 to 2014 in 12 deep (>150m), 3 intermediate (90-150 m) and 6 shallow (<90 m) community wells, 1 shallow private well, and 1 river piezometer show that the resulting drawdown cone extends 15-35 km east of Dhaka. Water levels in 4 low-As community wells within the 62-147 m depth range closest to Dhaka were inaccessible by suction for up to a third of the year. Lateral hydraulic gradients in the deep aquifer system ranged from 1.7×10-4 to 3.7×10-4 indicating flow towards Dhaka throughout 2012-2014. Vertical recharge on the edge of the drawdown cone was estimated at 0.21±0.06 m/yr. The data suggest that continued municipal pumping in Dhaka could eventually contaminate some relatively shallow community wells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. S. K. Knappett
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - B. J. Mailloux
- Department of Environmental Science, Barnard College, New York, NY 10027
| | - I. Choudhury
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - M. R. Khan
- Department of Geological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - H. A. Michael
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716
| | - S. Barua
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - D. R. Mondal
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Queens College, Queens, NY 11367
| | - M. S. Steckler
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
| | - S. H. Akhter
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - K. M. Ahmed
- Department of Geology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - B. Bostick
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
| | - C. F. Harvey
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - M. Shamsudduha
- Institute for Risk & Disaster Reduction, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - P. Shuai
- Department of Geology and Geophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
| | - I. Mihajlov
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
| | - R. Mozumder
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
| | - A. van Geen
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
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Sankar MS, Vega MA, Defoe PP, Kibria MG, Ford S, Telfeyan K, Neal A, Mohajerin TJ, Hettiarachchi GM, Barua S, Hobson C, Johannesson K, Datta S. Elevated arsenic and manganese in groundwaters of Murshidabad, West Bengal, India. Sci Total Environ 2014; 488-489:570-9. [PMID: 24694939 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.02.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
High levels of geogenic arsenic (As) and manganese (Mn) in drinking water has led to widespread health problems for the population of West Bengal, India. Here we delineate the extent of occurrences of As and Mn in Murshidabad, where the contaminated aquifers occur at shallow depths between 35 and 40 m and where access to safe drinking water is a critical issue for the local population. A total of 78 well-water samples were taken in 4 blocks on either side of the river Bhagirathi: Nabagram and Kandi (west, Pleistocene sediments), Hariharpara and Beldanga (east, Holocene sediments). High As, total iron (FeT) and low Mn concentrations were found in waters from the Holocene gray sediment aquifers east of the river Bhagirathi, while the opposite was found in the Pleistocene reddish-brown aquifer west of the river Bhagirathi in Murshidabad. Speciation of As in water samples from Holocene sediments revealed the dominant species to be As(III), with ratios of As(III):AsT ranging from 0.55 to 0.98 (average 0.74). There were indications from saturation index estimations that Mn solubility is limited by the precipitation of MnCO3. Tubewells from high As areas in proximity to anthropogenic waste influx sources showing high molar Cl/Br ratios, low SO4(2-) and low NO3(-) demonstrate relatively lower As concentrations, thereby reducing As pollution in those wells. Analyses of core samples (2 in each of the blocks) drilled to a depth of 45 m indicate that there is no significant variation in bulk As (5-20mg/kg) between the Holocene and Pleistocene sediments, indicating that favorable subsurface redox conditions conducive to mobilization are responsible for the release of As. The same applies to Mn, but concentrations vary more widely (20-2000 mg/kg). Sequential extraction of Holocene sediments showed As to be associated with 'specifically sorbed-phosphate-extractable' phases (10-15%) and with 'amorphous and well crystalline Fe-oxyhydroxide' phases (around 37%) at As-contaminated well depths, suggesting that the main As release mechanisms could be either competitive ion exchange with PO4(3-), or the dissolution of Fe oxyhydroxides. In the Pleistocene sediments Mn is predominantly found in the easily exchangeable fraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Sankar
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - M A Vega
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - P P Defoe
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - M G Kibria
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - S Ford
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - K Telfeyan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans 70118, USA
| | - A Neal
- Virginia Water Resources Research Center, Virginia Tech, VA 24061, USA
| | - T J Mohajerin
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans 70118, USA
| | - G M Hettiarachchi
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - S Barua
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - C Hobson
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - K Johannesson
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans 70118, USA
| | - S Datta
- Department of Geology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
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Barbosa J, Barua S, Daumerie D, Nakatani H, Noordeen S, Castália R. J Barbosa and colleagues reply to Diana N J Lockwood and colleagues. BMJ 2014; 348:g2114. [PMID: 24647166 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g2114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Barbosa
- Ministério da Saúde, Brasilia, Brazil
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Afrad MH, Hassan Z, Farjana S, Moni S, Barua S, Das SK, Faruque ASG, Azim T, Rahman M. Changing profile of rotavirus genotypes in Bangladesh, 2006-2012. BMC Infect Dis 2013; 13:320. [PMID: 23855423 PMCID: PMC3723515 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2334-13-320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children worldwide including Bangladesh. Unlike what was seen in high-income countries, the licensed rotavirus vaccines did not show high efficacy in Bangladeshi trials. We assessed rotavirus prevalence and genotypes in Bangladesh over six-year period to provide baseline information on the rotavirus burden and changing profile in the country. Methods This study was conducted from June 2006 to May 2012 in Matlab, Bangladesh. Group A rotaviruses were detected in stools collected from diarrhea patients by ELISA and genotyped using multiplex reverse transcription PCR followed by nucleotide sequencing. Results Of the 9678 stool samples, 20.3% were positive for rotavirus. The most predominant genotype was G1P[8] (22.4%), followed by G9P[8] (20.8%), G2P[4] (16.9%) and G12P[8] (10.4%). Mixed infections were detected in 14.2% of the samples. Emergence of an unusual strain, G9P[4] was documented during 2011–12. Several amino acid mismatches in the antigenic epitopes of VP7 and VP4 between Bangladeshi and the vaccine strains were identified. Conclusions Our study provides important information on rotavirus genotypes that should be considered for the selection and introduction of rotavirus vaccines in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mokibul Hassan Afrad
- Virology Laboratory, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh
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Bera BC, Virmani N, Shanmugasundaram K, Vaid RK, Singh BK, Gulati BR, Anand T, Barua S, Malik P, Singh RK. Genetic Analysis of the Neuraminidase (NA) Gene of Equine Influenza Virus (H3N8) from Epizootic of 2008-2009 in India. Indian J Virol 2013; 24:256-64. [PMID: 24426284 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-013-0137-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The neuraminidase (NA) gene sequences of four Indian equine influenza viruses (EIVs) isolated from epizootic in 2008 and 2009 were analyzed. The phylogenetic relationship and selection pressure of NA genes were established in comparison to other EIVs circulating worldwide along with the domains and motifs of the encoded protein to find out the significance of mutational changes. Among Indian isolates, two amino acid (aa) changes each in Mysore/12/08 (Asn67Tyr & Asp396Gly), Gopeshwar/1/09 (Ile49Val & Asp396Gly), and Uttarkashi/1/09 (Ile49Val & Asp396Gly) isolates were observed in respect to Jammu-Katra/06/08 isolate. Amino acid (aa) sequence analysis also revealed five consistent aa residue changes viz, Gly/Arg40Glu, Tyr66His, Val191Ile, Val209Ile and Asp235Asn in Asian including Indian isolates, Spain/07 and Spain/09 isolates in comparison to other EIVs circulating worldwide. The topology of the phylogenetic tree revealed that the Indian, Chinese, Mongolian and Kazakhstan isolates together formed a subgroup with Yokohama/10 isolate. Spain/07 & Spain/09 isolates showed closest clustering with Asian isolates. This indicates that non-synonymous mutations in Asian isolates with temporal pattern originating from Spain/07, led to the subgroup of the Asian isolates within Florida clade 2 sublineage. The analysis of the predicted secondary structure has not shown any significant difference in the NA proteins of all Indian isolates. Fixed-effects likelihood (FEL) analysis of the selection pressure revealed three codons (43, 355 & 434) under positive selection pressure. The overall evolutionary changes (ω value) of 3.4 indicates NA gene to be under strong selection pressure. Further, seven putative N-glycosylation sites were observed in the NA protein. The mapping of specific aa changes, their mutational and functional analysis need to be carried out to ascertain their role in pathogenecity of the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B C Bera
- National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - N Virmani
- National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - K Shanmugasundaram
- National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - R K Vaid
- National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - B K Singh
- National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - B R Gulati
- National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - T Anand
- National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - S Barua
- National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - P Malik
- National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
| | - R K Singh
- National Research Centre on Equines, Sirsa Road, Hisar, 125001 Haryana India
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Chung JI, Barua S, Choi BH, Min BH, Han HC, Baik EJ. Anti-inflammatory effect of low intensity ultrasound (LIUS) on complete Freund's adjuvant-induced arthritis synovium. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2012; 20:314-22. [PMID: 22289897 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2012.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Arthritis with intra-articular inflammation was accompanied by joint pain, swelling, and stiffness leading to significant functional impairment. Thus, regulation of joint inflammation is a good therapeutic approach for patients with arthritis. In this study, the effect of low intensity ultrasound (LIUS) applied to an adjuvant-induced arthritic rat model on the synovium was investigated. DESIGN Synovial inflammation was induced by complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-injection into the rat knee joint. LIUS (200 mW/cm(2)) was applied on the ipsilateral knee everyday for 10 min beginning 1 day after inflammation induction. The expression of proinflammatory factors and immunohistochemical staining pattern of the synovium were assessed. RESULTS CFA induced an increase of the knee circumference that was significantly diminished by LIUS. Synovial membrane hyperplasia in the ipsilateral joint was also affected by LIUS. The inflammatory mediators, COX-1/2, IL-1β, and iNOS, but not TNF-α, in the synovial membrane were induced after 3 days, and they closely correlated with the degree of edema. In the synovial membrane, the expression of inflammatory mediators was reduced by LIUS. The chemoattractant chemokine receptor CCR5 also was involved. On immunohistochemical analysis, CFA caused increased infiltration of CD11b-positive cells in the synovium. After 3 days, neutrophils, myeloperoxidase (MPO)-positive cells filled the inflammatory core; later, monocytes and macrophages, ionized calcium binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba1)-positive cells in the periphery infiltrated the core by day 5. LIUS markedly reduced CFA-induced inflammatory cells infiltration. CONCLUSION LIUS showed a potent anti-inflammatory effect in this animal arthritis model with reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells into the synovium.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-I Chung
- Department of Physiology, Chronic Inflammatory Disease Research Center, Ajou University School of Medicine, Yeongtong-gu, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Narain JP, Dash AP, Parnell B, Bhattacharya SK, Barua S, Bhatia R, Savioli L. Elimination of neglected tropical diseases in the South-East Asia Region of the World Health Organization. Bull World Health Organ 2010; 88:206-10. [PMID: 20428388 DOI: 10.2471/blt.09.072322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/27/2010] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), which affect the very poor, pose a major public health problem in the South-East Asia Region of the World Health Organization (WHO). Although more than a dozen NTDs affect the region, over the past five years four of them in particular - leprosy, lymphatic filariasis, visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) and yaws - have been targeted for elimination. These four were selected for a number of reasons. First, they affect the WHO South-East Asia Region disproportionately. For example, every year around 67% of all new leprosy cases and 60% of all new cases of visceral leishmaniasis worldwide occur in countries of the region, where as many as 850 million inhabitants are at risk of contracting lymphatic filariasis. In addition, several epidemiological, technological and historical factors that are unique to the region make each of these four diseases amenable to elimination. Safe and effective tools and interventions to achieve these targets are available and concerted efforts to scale them up, singly or in an integrated manner, are likely to lead to success. The World Health Assembly and the WHO Regional Committee, through a series of resolutions, have already expressed regional and global commitments for the elimination of these diseases as public health problems. Such action is expected to have a quick and dramatic impact on poverty reduction and to contribute to the achievement of the Millennium Development Goals. This paper reviews the policy rationale for disease control in the WHO South-East Asia Region, the progress made so far, the lessons learnt along the way, and the remaining challenges and opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jai P Narain
- Department of Communicable Diseases, World Health Organization Regional Office for South-East Asia, IP Estate, Mahatama Gandhi Road, New Delhi 110002, India.
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Abstract
SUMMARY We describe an unusual case of heterosexual HIV transmission between two brothers within a family, due to a locally prevalent social custom of remarriage of the elder brother's widow, to the younger brother. This case of HIV secondary transmission, which could possibly have been stopped at certain points by better understanding and awareness about HIV transmission emphasizes the need for extensive post-test counselling of affected individuals and their family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Wal
- Department of Microbiology, Chhatrapati Shahuji MaharajMedical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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