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Chen CY, Chao YM, Cho CC, Chen CS, Lin WY, Chen YH, Cassar M, Lu CS, Yang JL, Chan JYH, Juo SHH. Cerebral Semaphorin3D is a novel risk factor for age-associated cognitive impairment. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:140. [PMID: 37316917 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01158-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that miR-195 exerts neuroprotection by inhibiting Sema3A and cerebral miR-195 levels decreased with age, both of which urged us to explore the role of miR-195 and miR-195-regulated Sema3 family members in age-associated dementia. METHODS miR-195a KO mice were used to assess the effect of miR-195 on aging and cognitive functions. Sema3D was predicted as a miR-195 target by TargetScan and then verified by luciferase reporter assay, while effects of Sema3D and miR-195 on neural senescence were assessed by beta-galactosidase and dendritic spine density. Cerebral Sema3D was over-expressed by lentivirus and suppressed by si-RNA, and effects of over-expression of Sema3D and knockdown of miR-195 on cognitive functions were assessed by Morris Water Maze, Y-maze, and open field test. The effect of Sema3D on lifespan was assessed in Drosophila. Sema3D inhibitor was developed using homology modeling and virtual screening. One-way and two-way repeated measures ANOVA were applied to assess longitudinal data on mouse cognitive tests. RESULTS Cognitive impairment and reduced density of dendritic spine were observed in miR-195a knockout mice. Sema3D was identified to be a direct target of miR-195 and a possible contributor to age-associated neurodegeneration as Sema3D levels showed age-dependent increase in rodent brains. Injection of Sema3D-expressing lentivirus caused significant memory deficits while silencing hippocampal Sema3D improved cognition. Repeated injections of Sema3D-expressing lentivirus to elevate cerebral Sema3D for 10 weeks revealed a time-dependent decline of working memory. More importantly, analysis of the data on the Gene Expression Omnibus database showed that Sema3D levels were significantly higher in dementia patients than normal controls (p < 0.001). Over-expression of homolog Sema3D gene in the nervous system of Drosophila reduced locomotor activity and lifespan by 25%. Mechanistically, Sema3D might reduce stemness and number of neural stem cells and potentially disrupt neuronal autophagy. Rapamycin restored density of dendritic spines in the hippocampus from mice injected with Sema3D lentivirus. Our novel small molecule increased viability of Sema3D-treated neurons and might improve autophagy efficiency, which suggested Sema3D could be a potential drug target. Video Abstract CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the importance of Sema3D in age-associated dementia. Sema3D could be a novel drug target for dementia treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Mei Chao
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Chang Cho
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Sheng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Yong Lin
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Brain Diseases Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Chinese Medicine Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Marlène Cassar
- Formation and Regulation of Neuronal Connectivity Research Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
- Institut du Cerveau Et de La Moelle Epinière (ICM)-Sorbonne, UniversitéInserm, CNRS, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Cecilia S Lu
- Formation and Regulation of Neuronal Connectivity Research Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Jenq-Lin Yang
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Julie Y H Chan
- Institute for Translational Research in Biomedicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
- Institute of Translational Medicine and New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Liang CL, Chen KC, Hsi E, Lin JY, Chen CY, Tseng JK, Juo SHH. miR-328-3p Affects Axial Length Via Multiple Routes and Anti-miR-328-3p Possesses a Potential to Control Myopia Progression. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2022; 63:11. [PMID: 36350621 PMCID: PMC9652717 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.63.12.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We previously reported miR-328-3p as a novel risk factor for myopia through a genetic association study of the PAX6 gene. In the present study, we first explored the effects of miR-328-3p on other myopia-related genes, and then tested whether anti-miR-328-3p may be used for myopia control. Methods The luciferase report assay and transient transfection were used to confirm miR-328-3p target genes. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay was used to investigate retinoic acid receptor on the miR-328-3p promoter. Mice and pigmented rabbits were induced to have myopia by the form deprivation method, and then anti-miR-328-3p oligonucleotide was topically instilled to the myopic eyes. The axial length was measured to assess the therapeutic effect of anti-miR-328-3p. A toxicity study using much higher doses was conducted to assess the safety and ocular irritation of anti-miR-328-3p. Results The report assay and transfection of miR-328-3p mimic confirmed that miR-328-3p dose-dependently decreased both mRNA and protein expression of fibromodulin (FMOD) and collagen1A1 (COL1A1). We subsequently showed that FMOD promoted TGF-β1 expression, and overexpression of FMOD increased the phosphorylation levels of p38-MAPK and JNK. The ChIP study showed that retinoic acid binds to miR-328-3p promoter and up-regulates miR-328-3p expression. In myopic animal studies, anti-miR-328-3p was as effective as 1% atropine and had a dose-dependent effect on suppressing axial elongation. In the toxicity study, anti-miR-328-3p did not cause any unwanted effects in the eyes or other organs. Conclusions Micro (mi)R-328-3p affects myopia development via multiple routes. anti-miR-328-3p possesses a potential as a novel therapy for myopia control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ling Liang
- Bright Eyes Clinic, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Sunhawk Vision Biotech, Inc., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ku-Chung Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Edward Hsi
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Yu Lin
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuan Chen
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jung-Kai Tseng
- Department of Optometry, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H. Juo
- Sunhawk Vision Biotech, Inc., Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zhao F, Chen W, Zhou H, Reinach PS, Wang Y, Juo SHH, Yang Z, Xue A, Shi Y, Liang CL, Zeng C, Qu J, Zhou X. PDE4B Proposed as a High Myopia Susceptibility Gene in Chinese Population. Front Genet 2022; 12:775797. [PMID: 35116054 PMCID: PMC8804583 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.775797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myopia is the most common cause of refractive error worldwide. High myopia is a severe type of myopia, which usually accompanies pathological changes in the fundus. To identify high myopia susceptibility genes, DNA-pooling based genome-wide association analysis was used to search for a correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms and high myopia in a Han Chinese cohort (cases vs. controls in discovery stage: 507 vs. 294; replication stage 1: 991 vs. 1,025; replication stage 2: 1,021 vs. 52,708). Three variants (rs10889602T/G, rs2193015T/C, rs9676191A/C) were identified as being significantly associated with high myopia in the discovery, and replication stage. rs10889602T/G is located at the third intron of phosphodiesterase 4B (PDE4B), whose functional assays were performed by comparing the effects of rs10889602T/T deletion of this risk allele on PDE4B and COL1A1 gene and protein expression levels in the rs10889602T/Tdel/del, rs10889602T/Tdel/wt, and normal control A549 cell lines. The declines in the PDE4B and COL1A1 gene expression levels were larger in the rs10889602T/T deleted A549 cells than in the normal control A549 cells (one-way ANOVA, p < 0.001). The knockdown of PDE4B by siRNA in human scleral fibroblasts led to downregulation of COL1A1. This correspondence between the declines in rs10889602 of the PDE4B gene, PDE4B knockdown, and COL1A1 protein expression levels suggest that PDE4B may be a novel high myopia susceptibility gene, which regulates myopia progression through controlling scleral collagen I expression levels. More studies are needed to determine if there is a correlation between PDE4B and high myopia in other larger sample sized cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuxin Zhao
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology of Ministry of Education, School of Engineering Medicine, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Zhou
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Peter S Reinach
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuhan Wang
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, China
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, China
| | - Zhenglin Yang
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Anquan Xue
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yi Shi
- The Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study of Sichuan Province and Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Chung-Ling Liang
- Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, China
| | - Changqing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Genomic and Precision Medicine, Beijing Institute of Genomics, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Qu
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, China.,Research Unit of Myopia Basic Research and Clinical Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xiangtian Zhou
- School of Optometry and Ophthalmology and Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,State Key Laboratory of Optometry, Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Wenzhou, China.,Research Unit of Myopia Basic Research and Clinical Prevention and Control, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Wenzhou, China
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Abstract
Purpose: We tested the role of microRNA-328 in dry eye disease (DED). Benzalkonium chloride (BAC) has been used to induce DED in animal models. We first demonstrated that both BAC and hyperosmotic stress induced overexpression of miR-328 in corneal cells and then tested whether anti-miR-328 could be a new therapy. Methods: BAC was instilled to both eyes of 41 rabbits and 19 mice from day 0 to 21 to induce DED. Animals of each species were divided to receive topical instillation of saline or anti-miR-328 eye drops between day 8 and 21. The DED signs were assessed by corneal fluorescein staining, histological examination, apoptosis of corneal cells, and inflammatory cytokines in rabbit eyes. For mice, only corneal fluorescein staining was assessed for the therapeutic effects. The corneal fluorescein staining scores ranged from 0 of no staining to 4 of coalescent. Results: For the rabbits, the staining score was significantly reduced (P = 0.038) after the 14-day anti-miR-328 treatment (n = 42 eyes), but the score was not improved by saline treatment (n = 40 eyes). Furthermore, rabbit eyes treated with anti-miR-328 had thicker corneal epithelium (P = 9.4 × 10-5), fewer apoptotic cells in corneal epithelium (P = 0.002), and stroma (P = 0.029) compared with the saline-treated eyes. Anti-miR-328 was more effective than saline to reduce the block of orifices of Meibomian glands, although such an effect was only marginally significant (P = 0.059). Similarly, anti-miR-328 was more effective than saline in reducing corneal staining in mouse eyes (P = 0.005). Conclusion: Overexpression of miR-328 may contribute to DED. Anti-miR-328 protects corneal cells and promotes re-epithelialization for DED treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Huei Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Li Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,International Ph. D. Program in Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiun-Long Lin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Ling Liang
- Department of Medical Research, Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Bright Eyes Clinic, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lin HF, Huang LC, Chen CK, Juo SHH, Chen CS. Carotid atherosclerosis among middle-aged individuals predicts cognition: A 10-year follow-up study. Atherosclerosis 2020; 314:27-32. [PMID: 33129083 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS There is a lack of studies simultaneously evaluating the impact of structural and functional atherosclerosis on cognition. We investigated the long-term predictive and interaction effects of structural and functional carotid atherosclerosis markers on future cognitive decline. METHODS Five hundred and twenty-eight middle-aged participants enrolled in the carotid atherosclerosis examination in Kaohsiung Atherosclerosis Longitudinal Study (KALS) between 2006 and 2009 were tested for cognition between 2016 and 2019. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used for the cognitive test. Baseline structural atherosclerosis was assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) and plaque, whereas functional atherosclerosis was evaluated by carotid stiffness (β, Ep, and pulse wave velocity). Participants in the top quartile of cIMT and those with plaques were considered to have advanced structural atherosclerosis, whereas participants with all three stiffness parameters in the top quartile were defined to have advanced functional atherosclerosis. RESULTS The mean participant age at baseline was 53.88 ± 8.37 years. Each case of advanced structural atherosclerosis and advanced functional atherosclerosis was associated with low 10-year MoCA scores with p < 0.001 and p = 0.03, respectively. An interaction effect was observed between structural and functional atherosclerosis on the MoCA score 10 years later (p = 0.02). Participants with both advanced structural and functional markers showed a marked impact on future cognitive function, especially executive and language domains. CONCLUSION Carotid atherosclerosis in middle-aged individuals can predict their cognitive function in 10 years. Integrated information regarding both arterial wall and stiffness could help improve the predictive power for cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Fen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Chun Huang
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Cheng-Sheng Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Seow WJ, Ngo CS, Pan H, Barathi VA, Tompson SW, Whisenhunt KN, Vithana E, Chong YS, Juo SHH, Hysi P, Young TL, Karnani N, Saw SM. In-utero epigenetic factors are associated with early-onset myopia in young children. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0214791. [PMID: 31100065 PMCID: PMC6524791 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0214791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess whether epigenetic mechanisms affecting gene expression may be involved in the pathogenesis of early-onset myopia, we performed genome-wide DNA methylation analyses of umbilical cord tissues, and assessed any associations between CpG site-specific methylation and the development of the disorder when the children were 3 years old. Methods Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling of umbilical cord samples from 519 Singaporean infants involved in a prospective birth cohort ‘Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes’ (GUSTO) was performed using the Illumina Infinium HumanMethylation450K chip microarray. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to assess any associations between site-specific CpG methylation of umbilical cord tissue at birth and myopia risk in 3 year old children, adjusting for potential confounders. Gene expression of genes located near CpG sites that demonstrated statistically significant associations were measured in relevant ocular tissues using human and mouse fetal and adult eye samples. Results We identified statistically significant associations between DNA methylation levels at five CpG sites and early-onset myopia risk after correcting for multiple comparisons using a false discovery rate of 5%. Two statistically significant CpG sites were identified in intergenic regions: 8p23(p = 1.70×10−7) and 12q23.2(p = 2.53×10−7). The remaining 3 statistically significant CpG sites were identified within the following genes: FGB (4q28, p = 3.60×10−7), PQLC1 (18q23, p = 8.9×10−7) and KRT12 (17q21.2, p = 1.2×10−6). Both PQLC1 and KRT12 were found to be significantly expressed in fetal and adult cornea and sclera tissues in both human and mouse. Conclusions We identified five CpG methylation sites that demonstrate a statistically significant association with increased risk of developing early-onset myopia. These findings suggest that variability in the neonatal cord epigenome may influence early-onset myopia risk in children. Further studies of the epigenetic influences on myopia risk in larger study populations, and the associations with adulthood myopia risk are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Cheryl S. Ngo
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Hong Pan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore
| | - Veluchamy Amutha Barathi
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- The Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Stuart W. Tompson
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kristina N. Whisenhunt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | | | - Yap-Seng Chong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suh-Hang H. Juo
- Institute of New Drug Development, Center for Myopia and Eye diseases, China Medical University and China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Pirro Hysi
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
| | - Terri L. Young
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore
| | - Seang Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore
- The Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Purpose A recent meta-analysis revealed PAX6 as a risk gene for myopia. There is a link between PAX6 and HOXA9. Furthermore, HOXA9 has been reported to activate TGF-β that is a risk factor for myopia. We speculate HOXA9 may participate in myopia development. Methods The Singapore GUSTO birth cohort provides data on children’s cycloplegic refraction measured at age of 3 years and their methylation profile based on the umbilical cord DNA. The HOXA9 expression levels were measured in the eyes of mono-ocular form deprivation myopia in mice. The plasmid with the mouse HOXA9 cDNA was constructed and then transfected to mouse primary retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The expression levels of myopia-related genes and cell proliferation were measured in the HOXA9-overexpressed RPE cells. Results A total of 519 children had data on methylation profile and cycloplegic refraction. The mean spherical equivalent refraction (SE) was 0.90D. Among 8 SE outliers (worse than -2D), 7 children had HOXA9 hypomethylation. The HOXA9 levels in the retina of myopic eyes was 2.65-fold (p = 0.029; paired t-test) higher than the uncovered fellow eyes. When HOXA9 was over-expressed in the RPE cells, TGF-β, MMP2, FGF2 and IGF1R expression levels were dose-dependently increased by HOXA9. However, over-expression of HOXA9 had no significant influence on IGF1 or HGF expression. In addition, HOXA9 also increased RPE proliferation. Conclusion Based on the human, animal and cellular data, the transcription factor HOXA9 may promote the expression of pro-myopia genes and RPE proliferation, which eventually contribute to myopia development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ling Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Asia University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Optometry, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Bright-Eyes Clinic, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Hsu
- Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheryl S Ngo
- Department of Ophthalmology, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wei Jie Seow
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Neerja Karnani
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hong Pan
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), A*STAR, Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seang-Mei Saw
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore.,Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,The Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Singapore, Singapore. .,Institute of New Drug Development, Singapore, Singapore. .,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Cheng HY, Wang YS, Hsu PY, Chen CY, Liao YC, Juo SHH. miR-195 Has a Potential to Treat Ischemic and Hemorrhagic Stroke through Neurovascular Protection and Neurogenesis. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2019; 13:121-132. [PMID: 30775405 PMCID: PMC6365409 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue plasminogen activator is the only U.S. FDA-approved therapy for ischemic stroke, while there is no specific medication for hemorrhagic stroke. Therefore, the treatment of acute stroke continues to be a major unmet clinical need. We explored the effects of miR-195 on neurovascular protection and its potential in treating acute stroke. Using both cellular and animal studies, we showed that miR-195’s beneficial effects are mediated by four mechanisms: (1) anti-apoptosis for injured neural cells by directly suppressing Sema3A/Cdc42/JNK signaling, (2) neural regeneration by promoting neural stem cell proliferation and migration, (3) anti-inflammation by directly blocking the NF-kB pathway, and (4) improvement of endothelial functions. We intravenously injected miR-195 carried by nanoparticles into rats with either ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke in the acute stage. The results showed that miR-195 reduced the size of brain damage and improved functional recovery in both types of stroke rats. The reduction of injured brain volume could be up to 45% in ischemic stroke and approximately 30% in hemorrhagic stroke. The therapeutic window between stroke onset and miR-195 treatment could be up to 6 h. Our data demonstrated that miR-195 possesses the potential to become a new drug to treat acute ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Yun Cheng
- Department of Genome Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Song Wang
- Department of Genome Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Genome Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yuan Chen
- Department of Genome Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.,Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No. 201, Sec. 2, Shipai Road, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 40447, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.,Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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9
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Chen CK, Huang MH, Liang WL, Lin RT, Juo SHH. Early functional improvement after stroke correlates with cardiovascular fitness. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2018; 34:643-649. [PMID: 30392571 DOI: 10.1016/j.kjms.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular fitness exerts directly beneficial effects on functional and cognitive outcomes in patients of chronic stroke. However, the effect of early rehabilitation on cardiovascular function has not yet been thoroughly examined. We tested whether complementary rehabilitation program could influence cardiovascular fitness in an early stage of stroke patients. The associations for post-acute stroke functional recovery with cardiovascular fitness were explored. Thirty-seven patients with mean poststroke interval of 8.6 ± 3.8 days underwent inpatient rehabilitation of 22.8 ± 3.8 days. Functional outcomes of 15.3 points (17.2%) in functional independence measure improved after rehabilitation program. The therapeutic cardiovascular fitness was determined in ramp exercise test on a cycling ergometer. Peak oxygen uptake (V˙O2peak) significantly increased by 24.8% after early stroke rehabilitation. Multivariate regression analysis was performed to assess for associations of functional improvement with respect to change in V˙O2peak and extremities motor impairment. V˙O2peak gain accounted for more functional recovery than extremities motor improvement (R2 = 0.42). In conclusion, these results suggest that cardiovascular fitness appears to increase after complementary program in early stroke rehabilitation, and better cardiovascular fitness may be associated with greater functional improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Mao-Hsiung Huang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Lung Liang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Tay Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Drug Development Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Centre for Myopia and Eye Disease, Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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10
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Hsu PY, Lin WY, Lin RT, Juo SHH. MicroRNA let-7g inhibits angiotensin II-induced endothelial senescence via the LOX-1-independent mechanism. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2243-2251. [PMID: 29393358 PMCID: PMC5810198 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial senescence leads to cell dysfunction, which in turn eventually results in cardiovascular disease. Identifying factors that regulate endothelial senescence may provide insight into the pathogenesis of aging. Insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling has a significant role in the physiology of endothelial cells (ECs). Overactivation of IGF signaling has been implicated in promoting the aging process. Lectin‑like oxidized low‑density lipoprotein (oxLDL) receptor‑1 (LOX‑1) is a scavenger receptor that mediates the internalization of oxLDL into cells. Previous studies by our group have indicated that microRNA let‑7g exerts an anti‑aging effect on ECs and also suppresses LOX-1 expression. Since LOX‑1 also induces the aging process, the present study we explored whether let‑7g still exerts an anti‑aging effect on ECs when LOX‑1 is suppressed. Angiotensin II (Ang II) was used to induce senescence in ECs. It was revealed that Ang II significantly increased the expression of aging markers, including β‑galactosidase, LOX‑1, IGF1 and its receptor IGF1R. On the contrary, Ang II decreased the expression of the anti‑aging gene sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). When LOX‑1 was knocked down by small interfering RNA, let‑7g still dose‑dependently decreased the expression of β‑galactosidase (β‑gal), LOX‑1, IGF1 and IGF1R, and SIRT1 was still upregulated. Using senescence‑associated β‑gal staining, it was confirmed that let‑7g exerts a LOX‑1‑independent anti‑aging effect on ECs. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated that let‑7g has an anti‑aging effect regardless of the presence or absence of LOX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Wen-Yi Lin
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiaokang Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Ruey-Tay Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan R.O.C
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan R.O.C
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11
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Chen CK, Hsu PY, Wang TM, Miao ZF, Lin RT, Juo SHH. TRPV4 Activation Contributes Functional Recovery from Ischemic Stroke via Angiogenesis and Neurogenesis. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:4127-4135. [PMID: 28597396 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0625-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The endothelial transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 4 (TRPV4) plays a crucial role in vascular remodeling; however, TRPV4-mediated angiogenesis after ischemic neuronal death as a neurorestorative strategy has not yet been thoroughly examined. In this study, we first tested whether TRPV4 activation can improve functional recovery in rats subjected to transient brain ischemia. The possible mechanisms for TRPV4 activation-promoted functional recovery were explored. A TRPV4 agonist, 4α-phorbol 12,13-didecanoate (4α-PDD), was intravenously injected via the tail vein at 6 h and 1, 2, 3, 4 days after ischemic stroke. The treatment reduced infarct volume by almost 50% (14.7 ± 3.7 vs. 29.2 ± 6.2%; p < 0.0001) and improved functional outcomes (p = 0.03) on day 5. To explore the therapeutic mechanism, we measured endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression and phosphorylation, vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) signaling, and neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs). TRPV4 activation significantly increased eNOS expression and phosphorylation (serine 1177) by more than 2-fold in the ischemic region. The expressions of VEGFA and VEGF receptor-2 were significantly higher in the treated animals, especially an increase of the proangiogenic VEGFA164a isoform while a decrease of the antiangiogenic VEGFA165b isoform. We evaluated angiogenesis by detecting microvessel density in ischemic region. Using the immunohistochemistry staining, we found that 4α-PDD treatment caused a 3.4-fold increase of microvessel density (p < 0.0001). In addition, NPC proliferation and migration in the ischemic hemisphere were increased by 3-fold and 5-fold, respectively. In conclusion, our data suggest that TRPV4 activation by 4α-PDD may improve poststroke functional improvement through angiogenesis and neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Kai Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medicine, Collage of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhi-Feng Miao
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Tay Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan. .,Center for Myopia and Eye Disease, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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12
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Wang YS, Hsi E, Cheng HY, Hsu SH, Liao YC, Juo SHH. Let-7g suppresses both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways in macrophages leading to anti-atherosclerosis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:101026-101041. [PMID: 29254143 PMCID: PMC5731853 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation of macrophages to foam cells contributes to atherosclerosis. Here, we report that let-7g reduces macrophage transformation and alleviates foam cell apoptosis by suppressing both canonical and non-canonical NF-κB pathways. In the canonical pathway, let-7g inhibits phosphorylation of IKKβ and IκB, down-regulates SREBF2 and miR-33a, and up-regulates ABCA1. In the non-canonical pathway, let-7g directly knocks down MEKK1, IKKα and ablates IKKα phosphorylation. Let-7g's effects in macrophages can be almost completely blocked by inactivation of NF-κB signaling, which suggests that let-7g's effects are primarily mediated through the suppression of NF-κB pathways. NF-κB has been reported to directly activate lin28 transcription, and lin28 is a well-known negative regulator for let-7 biogenesis. Therefore, there is negative feedback between NF-κB and let-7g. Additional macrophages-specific NF-κB knockout in the apoE deficiency mice reduces atherosclerotic lesion by 85%. Let-7g also suppresses p53-dependent apoptosis. Altogether, sufficient let-7g levels are important to prevent NF-κB over-activation in macrophages and to prevent atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Song Wang
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Edward Hsi
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yun Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hsien Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of New Drug Development, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Brain Disease Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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13
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Lin HF, Hsi E, Huang LC, Liao YC, Juo SHH, Lin RT. Methylation in the matrix metalloproteinase-2 gene is associated with cerebral ischemic stroke. J Investig Med 2017; 65:794-799. [DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is involved in the pathophysiology of stroke. Previous studies have shown that MMP-2 activity is increased in stroke; however, evidence of epigenetic regulation of the MMP-2 in stroke is still limited. We examined methylation of the MMP-2 promoter in patients with ischemic stroke. This study included 298 patients with ischemic stroke and 258 age-matched and sex-matched controls. MMP-2 promoter methylation levels were measured by pyrosequencing at eight potential cytosine-guanine (CpG) sites. Multivariate regression analysis was used to adjust for general stroke risk factors, and the specific effects of sex and stroke subtype were analysed. The methylation levels of MMP-2 in the peripheral blood of the patients with stroke were lower than controls in all eight CpG sites, especially at site 1, site 5, site 7, and site 8 (adjusted p=0.036, 0.002, 0.021, and 0.041, respectively). In subgroup analysis by sex, a significant association was found only in men but not in women. When the stroke subtype was considered, men with small-vessel stroke had significantly lower methylation levels at all MMP-2 CpG sites than the controls (3.01% vs 3.65%, adjusted p=0.018). Although men with large-artery atherosclerosis stroke also had lower MMP-2 methylation levels, no significant difference was found (3.25% vs 3.65%, adjusted p=0.253). Demethylation of the MMP-2 promoter in patients with ischemic stroke was in a sex and stroke subtype-specific manners. These findings may add to the understanding of epigenetic modification of MMP-2 on ischemic stroke.
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14
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Hsu PY, Hsi E, Wang TM, Lin RT, Liao YC, Juo SHH. MicroRNA let-7g possesses a therapeutic potential for peripheral artery disease. J Cell Mol Med 2016; 21:519-529. [PMID: 27696675 PMCID: PMC5323674 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a manifestation of systemic atherosclerosis and conveys a significant health burden globally. Critical limb ischaemia encompasses the most severe consequence of PAD. Our previous studies indicate that microRNA let‐7g prevents atherosclerosis and improves endothelial functions. This study aimed to investigate whether and how let‐7g therapy may improve blood flow to ischaemic limbs. The present study shows that let‐7g has multiple pro‐angiogenic effects on mouse ischaemic limb model and could be a potential therapeutic agent for PAD. Mice receiving intramuscular injection of let‐7g had more neovascularization, better local perfusion and increased recruitment of endothelial progenitor cells after hindlimb ischaemia. The therapeutic effects of let‐7g's on angiogenesis are mediated by multiple regulatory machinery. First, let‐7g increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A) and VEGF receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) through targeting their upstream regulators HIF‐3α and TP53. In addition, let‐7g affected the splicing factor SC35 which subsequently enhanced the alternative splicing of VEGF‐A from the anti‐angiogenic isoform VEGF‐A165b towards the pro‐angiogenic isoform VEGF‐A164a. The pleiotropic effects of let‐7g on angiogenesis imply that let‐7g may possess a therapeutic potential in ischaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yuan Hsu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Edward Hsi
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ming Wang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-Tay Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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15
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Lin LY, Liao YC, Lin HF, Lee YS, Lin RT, Hsu CY, Juo SHH. Determinants of arterial stiffness progression in a Han-Chinese population in Taiwan: a 4-year longitudinal follow-up. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2015; 15:100. [PMID: 26376690 PMCID: PMC4574178 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-015-0093-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Arterial stiffness predicts the future risk of macro- and micro-vascular diseases. Only a few studies have reported longitudinal changes. The present study aimed to investigate the progression rate of arterial stiffness and the factors influencing stiffness progression in a Han Chinese population residing in Taiwan. Methods The pulse wave velocity (PWV), elasticity modulus (Ep) and arterial stiffness index (β) of the common carotid artery were measured in 577 stroke- and myocardial infarction-free subjects at baseline and after an average interval of 4.2 ± 0.8 years. Stepwise multivariate linear regression was conducted to elucidate the predictors of stiffness progression. Results For both baseline and follow-up data, men had significantly higher values of PWV, Ep and β in comparison to women. The progression rates of PWV, Ep and β were faster in men, but the difference was not statistically significant (ΔPWV = 0.20 ± 0.20 and 0.18 ± 0.20 m/s/yr; ΔEp = 8.17 ± 8.65 and 6.98 ± 8.26 kPa/yr; Δβ = 0.70 ± 0.64 and 0.67 ± 0.56 for men and women, respectively). In the multivariate regression analyses, age, baseline stiffness parameters, baseline mean arterial pressure (MAP), baseline body mass index (BMI) and changes in MAP (ΔMAP) were independent predictors of PWV and Ep progression. There was an inverse correlation between the stiffness parameters at baseline and their progression rate (correlation coefficient (r) = −0.12 to −0.33, p = 0.032–1.6 × 10−16). Changes in MAP (ΔMAP) rather than baseline MAP were more strongly associated with PWV progression (p = 8.5 × 10−24 and 1.9 × 10−5 for ΔMAP and baseline MAP, respectively). Sex-specific analyses disclosed that baseline BMI and changes in BMI (ΔBMI) were significantly associated with stiffness progression in men (p = 0.010–0.026), but not in women. Conclusions Aging and elevated blood pressure at baseline and during follow-up were the major determinants of stiffness progression in the Han Chinese population. For men, increased baseline BMI and changes in BMI were additional risk factors. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12872-015-0093-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lien-Ying Lin
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yi-Chu Liao
- Department of Neurology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Rd., Beitou District, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 112, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Hsiu-Fen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Yu-Shan Lee
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, 1650 Taiwan Boulevard Sect. 4, Taichung, 407, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Reuy-Tay Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Chung Y Hsu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, No.91, Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Neurology, China Medical University Hospital, 2 Yude Road, Taichung, 404, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, No.100, Tzyou 1st Road Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC. .,Department of Medical Genetics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, No.100, Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan, ROC.
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16
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Liu ME, Liao YC, Lin RT, Wang YS, Hsi E, Lin HF, Chen KC, Juo SHH. A functional polymorphism of PON1 interferes with microRNA binding to increase the risk of ischemic stroke and carotid atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:161-7. [PMID: 23497787 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located at microRNA (miRNA) binding sites (miR-SNPs) can affect the expression of genes. This study aimed to identify the miR-SNPs associated with atherosclerosis and stroke. METHODS Patients with ischemic stroke (n = 657) and stroke- and myocardial infarction-free volunteers (n = 1571) were enrolled. The carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was measured in the control participants. Seventy-nine stroke susceptibility genes were initially selected and 13 genes were predicted to have miR-SNPs at their 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR). The miRNA arrays were used to further identify potential miR-SNPs. The miR-SNP rs3735590 at the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) gene was finally selected and its associations with stroke and carotid IMT were evaluated. The 3'UTR reporter and SNP functional assays were then performed to validate the results. RESULTS Compared with CC genotype, patients with CT or TT genotype at rs3735590 had lower risk of ischemic stroke (OR = 0.72, p = 0.036; OR = 0.83, p = 0.077, respectively). Among the healthy participants, the CT or TT genotype was associated with thinner IMT in the internal carotid arteries in comparison with CC genotype (β = -0.76, p = 0.003; β = -0.022, p = 0.452, respectively). Our findings suggested that the minor allele T had a protective effect on atherosclerosis. Results from 3'UTR reporter assays showed that PON1 is a direct target gene of miR-616. In plasmid constructs carrying the risk allele C at rs3735590, miR-616 inhibited the genetic expression of PON1. However, substitution of C by T at rs3735590 reduced the miR-616 binding affinity, leading to overexpression of the PON1 gene. CONCLUSION Our study is the first to show that the miR-SNP at PON1 could affect genetic expression and is associated with an elevated risk for ischemic stroke and subclinical atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mu-En Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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17
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Aoki A, Ozaki K, Sato H, Takahashi A, Kubo M, Sakata Y, Onouchi Y, Kawaguchi T, Lin TH, Takano H, Yasutake M, Hsu PC, Ikegawa S, Kamatani N, Tsunoda T, Juo SHH, Hori M, Komuro I, Mizuno K, Nakamura Y, Tanaka T. SNPs on chromosome 5p15.3 associated with myocardial infarction in Japanese population. J Hum Genet 2010; 56:47-51. [DOI: 10.1038/jhg.2010.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Juo SHH, Lu MY, Bai RK, Liao YC, Trieu RB, Yu ML, Wong LJC. A common mitochondrial polymorphism 10398A>G is associated metabolic syndrome in a Chinese population. Mitochondrion 2010; 10:294-9. [PMID: 20067846 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2009] [Revised: 12/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/05/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
We conducted a two-step case-control study to investigate the association between mtDNA variants and metabolic syndrome (MS) in Chinese. We initially screened 79 mitochondrial single nucleotide polymorphisms (mtSNPs) in 141 cases and 506 controls, and five mtSNPs had a p<0.05. We replicated results for the most significant mtSNP 10398A>G in additional 396 case and 424 controls (p=0.047, OR=1.26). The G allele frequency in the screening and follow up data was 66% and 55.2% in the cases, and 52.3% and 50.2% in the controls, respectively. Our results suggest the G allele of 10398A>G increases a risk for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Lin HF, Liu CK, Liao YC, Lin RT, Chen CS, Juo SHH. The risk of the metabolic syndrome on carotid thickness and stiffness: sex and age specific effects. Atherosclerosis 2009; 210:155-9. [PMID: 20035939 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2009] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 11/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The metabolic syndrome (MS) is associated with a high risk for cardiovascular disease. Intima-media thickness (IMT) and stiffness reflect structure and functional alterations in arteries. We investigated the relationship of MS on IMT and stiffness and also dissected its gender and age specific effect. METHODS Carotid segment-specific IMT and stiffness were obtained in 1245 stroke- and myocardial infarction free volunteers between the ages of 15 and 87. The MS was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III with Asian modification. RESULTS The prevalence of MS was 22.2% in our study population. The MS was associated with increased IMT in the common carotid artery (CCA IMT) and stiffness modalities (including Ep, beta, and PWV), but was not associated with bifurcation and internal carotid artery IMT. The relationship of MS on atherosclerosis was more prominent in women than in men. Only women revealed a significant interaction between MS and age for CCA IMT (p=0.013), which was more pronounced in young women (< or = 45 years) than in elderly. Comparing the risk components between young and elderly women in regard to MS, high triglycerides were more common in the affected young women (p=0.007). CONCLUSIONS MS is associated with a risk for increased CCA IMT and stiffness, and this relationship is particularly pronounced in women. Age can modify the MS impact on atherosclerosis. Young women with MS who often have high triglycerides experience the highest risk to associate with atherosclerosis. Young MS women who are easily overlooked for atherosclerotic diseases need more detailed assessment for atherosclerosis to prevent premature cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Fen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Cardiovascular disease and stroke are heterogeneous and multifactorial diseases. Given the extreme complexity of risk factors contributing to the complex diseases, evaluation of the intermediate phenotypes may be more advantageous than the solid clinical events. Carotid artery atherosclerosis can be assessed by intima-media thickness (IMT) that represents carotid artery structure and arterial distensibility which is an index for an arterial function. These intermediate phenotypes are also risk factors for stroke and cardiovascular events. Gene mapping studies have been conducted to identify susceptibility genes to IMT and/or distensibility. However, most genes could not be consistently replicated by subsequent studies. Among them, the APOE epsilon polymorphism and the ACE I/D polymorphism are most extensively studied. Meta-analysis indicated that the epsilon4 and D alleles are associated with increased IMT. With more feasibility to conduct whole genome association studies and the awareness of using a large sample size to confirm a genetic effect for common diseases, it is expected that more candidate genes will be confirmed and more novel genes will be identified in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh-Hang H Juo
- Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Tz- You First Road, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan.
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Dutra AVC, Lin HF, Juo SHH, Mohrenweiser H, Sen S, Grewal RP. Analysis of the XRCC1 gene as a modifier of the cerebral response in ischemic stroke. BMC Med Genet 2006; 7:78. [PMID: 17087834 PMCID: PMC1654138 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2350-7-78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Although there have been studies of the genetic risk factors in the development of stroke, there have been few investigations of role of genes in the cerebral response to ischemia. The brain responds to ischemia in a series of reactions that ultimately influence the volume of a stroke that, in general, correlates with disability. We hypothesize that polymorphisms in genes encoding proteins involved in these reactions could act as modifiers of this response and impact stroke volume. One of the pathways participating in the cerebral ischemic response involves reactive oxygen species which can cause oxidative damage to nucleic acids. DNA repair mechanisms are in place to protect against such damage and imply a role for DNA repair genes in the response of the brain to ischemia and are potential candidate genes for further investigation. Methods We studied two common polymorphisms in the DNA repair gene, XRCC1, C26304T and G28152A, in 134 well characterized patients with non lacunar ischemic strokes. We also performed a case control association study with 113 control patients to assess whether these variants represent risk factors in the development of ischemic stroke. Results Independent of etiology, the "T" allele of the C26304T polymorphism is significantly associated with larger stroke volumes (T-test analysis, p < 0.044; multivariate regression analysis, β = 0.23, p < 0.008). In the case control association study, we found that neither of these polymorphisms represented a risk factor for the development of stroke. Conclusion Our study suggests a major gene effect of the "T" allele of the C26304T polymorphism modulating the cerebral response to ischemia in non lacunar ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana VC Dutra
- New Jersey Neuroscience Institute, 65 James Street, Edison, New Jersey, 08818, USA
| | - Hsiu-Fen Lin
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Suh-Hang H Juo
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Municipal Hsiao-Kang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Genetics, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Harvey Mohrenweiser
- Epidemiology Division, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697, USA
| | - Souvik Sen
- Department of Neurology, University of North Carolina, North Carolina, 27599, USA
| | - Raji P Grewal
- New Jersey Neuroscience Institute, 65 James Street, Edison, New Jersey, 08818, USA
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Liang CL, Hung KS, Park N, Chan P, Juo SHH. Comparison of the handheld Retinomax K-Plus2 and on-table autokeratometers in children with and without cycloplegia. J Cataract Refract Surg 2004; 30:669-74. [PMID: 15050266 DOI: 10.1016/s0886-3350(03)00662-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/15/2003] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare the keratometry measurements in children by the handheld Nikon Retinomax K-Plus2 (Rmax) and the on-table Topcon KR8100 autokeratometers and evaluate the degree of agreement in the 2 instruments between children with and without cycloplegia. SETTING Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, and Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan. METHODS The first cohort comprised 61 children who were consecutively collected in the pediatric ophthalmology clinic. The keratometry was measured under cycloplegia. The second cohort included 156 school children who received routine vision screening without cycloplegia. The horizontal and vertical keratometry data were measured by both instruments. The mean bias and agreement between the 2 types of measurements were evaluated. RESULTS Both horizontal and vertical keratometry data from the Rmax were systemically and mildly lower than the data from the Topcon. The mean keratometric difference in the 2 types of instruments was minimal and clinically acceptable: 72% to 85% was within +/-0.5 diopter. The agreement of measured data in the children without cycloplegia was higher than that in the children with cycloplegia. CONCLUSIONS The handheld Retinomax provided comparable data to that of the conventional on-table Topcon. It is useful in the clinic to measure keratometry in children and therefore may offer a convenient tool for assessing corneal curvature for fitting contact lenses or for implanting intraocular lenses in young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chung-Ling Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Municipal United Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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