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Brose A, Michalski K, Ruf J, Tosch M, Eschmann SM, Schreckenberger M, König J, Nestle U, Miederer M. PET/CT reading for relapse in non-small cell lung cancer after chemoradiotherapy in the PET-Plan trial cohort. Cancer Imaging 2023; 23:45. [PMID: 37198668 DOI: 10.1186/s40644-023-00567-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current studies indicate that fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/ computed tomography ([18F]FDG PET/CT) is the most accurate imaging modality for the detection of relapsed locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) after curatively intended chemoradiotherapy. To this day, there is no objective and reproducible definition for the diagnosis of disease recurrence in PET/CT, the reading of which is relevantly influenced by post radiation inflammatory processes. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare visual and threshold-based semi-automated evaluation criteria for the assessment of suspected tumor recurrence in a well-defined study population investigated during the randomized clinical PET-Plan trial. METHODS This retrospective analysis comprises 114 PET/CT data sets of 82 patients from the PET-Plan multi-center study cohort who underwent [18F]FDG PET/CT imaging at different timepoints for relapse, as suspected by CT. Scans were first analyzed visually by four blinded readers using a binary scoring system for each possible localization and the associated reader certainty of the evaluation. Visual evaluations were conducted repeatedly without and with additional knowledge of the initial staging PET and radiotherapy delineation volumes. In a second step, uptake was measured quantitatively using maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), peak standardized uptake value corrected for lean body mass (SULpeak), and a liver threshold-based quantitative assessment model. Resulting sensitivity and specificity for relapse detection were compared to the findings in the visual assessment. The gold standard of recurrence was independently defined by prospective study routine including external reviewers using CT, PET, biopsies and clinical course of the disease. RESULTS Overall interobserver agreement (IOA) of the visual assessment was moderate with a high difference between secure (ĸ = 0.66) and insecure (ĸ = 0.24) evaluations. Additional knowledge of the initial staging PET and radiotherapy delineation volumes improved the sensitivity (0.85 vs 0.92) but did not show significant impact on the specificity (0.86 vs 0.89). PET parameters SUVmax and SULpeak showed lower accuracy compared to the visual assessment, whereas threshold-based reading showed similar sensitivity (0.86) and higher specificity (0.97). CONCLUSION Visual assessment especially if associated with high reader certainty shows very high interobserver agreement and high accuracy that can be further increased by baseline PET/CT information. The implementation of a patient individual liver threshold value definition, similar to the threshold definition in PERCIST, offers a more standardized method matching the accuracy of experienced readers albeit not providing further improvement of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Brose
- Department of Translational Imaging in Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden (TUD), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany.
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Kerstin Michalski
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Juri Ruf
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marco Tosch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Helios University Hospital Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health, University of Witten/Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Susanne M Eschmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Marienhospital Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Mathias Schreckenberger
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jochem König
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ursula Nestle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kliniken Maria Hilf, Mönchengladbach, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Matthias Miederer
- Department of Translational Imaging in Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT/UCC) Dresden, Germany: German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, University of Technology Dresden (TUD), Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR), Dresden, Germany
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Hehr T, Friedel G, Steger V, Spengler W, Eschmann SM, Bamberg M, Budach W. Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation With Paclitaxel/Carboplatin for Selected Stage III Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer: Long-Term Results of a Trimodality Phase II Protocol. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2010; 76:1376-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2009.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Gehler B, Paulsen F, Oksüz MO, Hauser TK, Eschmann SM, Bares R, Pfannenberg C, Bamberg M, Bartenstein P, Belka C, Ganswindt U. [68Ga]-DOTATOC-PET/CT for meningioma IMRT treatment planning. Radiat Oncol 2009; 4:56. [PMID: 19922642 PMCID: PMC2785827 DOI: 10.1186/1748-717x-4-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2009] [Accepted: 11/18/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The observation that human meningioma cells strongly express somatostatin receptor (SSTR 2) was the rationale to analyze retrospectively in how far DOTATOC PET/CT is helpful to improve target volume delineation for intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). Patients and Methods In 26 consecutive patients with preferentially skull base meningioma, diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and planning-computed tomography (CT) was complemented with data from [68Ga]-DOTA-D Phe1-Tyr3-Octreotide (DOTATOC)-PET/CT. Image fusion of PET/CT, diagnostic computed tomography, MRI and radiotherapy planning CT as well as target volume delineation was performed with OTP-Masterplan®. Initial gross tumor volume (GTV) definition was based on MRI data only and was secondarily complemented with DOTATOC-PET information. Irradiation was performed as EUD based IMRT, using the Hyperion Software package. Results The integration of the DOTATOC data led to additional information concerning tumor extension in 17 of 26 patients (65%). There were major changes of the clinical target volume (CTV) which modify the PTV in 14 patients, minor changes were realized in 3 patients. Overall the GTV-MRI/CT was larger than the GTV-PET in 10 patients (38%), smaller in 13 patients (50%) and almost the same in 3 patients (12%). Most of the adaptations were performed in close vicinity to bony skull base structures or after complex surgery. Median GTV based on MRI was 18.1 cc, based on PET 25.3 cc and subsequently the CTV was 37.4 cc. Radiation planning and treatment of the DOTATOC-adapted volumes was feasible. Conclusion DOTATOC-PET/CT information may strongly complement patho-anatomical data from MRI and CT in cases with complex meningioma and is thus helpful for improved target volume delineation especially for skull base manifestations and recurrent disease after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gehler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, LMU München, Marchioninistr, 15, 81377 München, Germany.
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Aschoff P, Rieger A, Schilling D, Bares R, Claussen CD, Eschmann SM, Pfannenberg AC. Detektion von Knochenmetastasen beim Prostatakarzinom mittels C-11-Cholin-PET/CT: klinischer Stellenwert im Vergleich zur Skelettszinitgraphie mit Tc-99m-DPD. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1221400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Plathow C, Walz M, Lichy MP, Aschoff P, Pfannenberg C, Bock H, Eschmann SM, Claussen CD, Schlemmer HP. [Cost considerations for whole-body MRI and PET/CT as part of oncologic staging]. Radiologe 2008; 48:384-96. [PMID: 17891370 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-007-1547-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate and discuss economic aspects of whole-body MRI and PET/CT in oncologic staging. Considerations from the perspective of the health care system, the radiologist, and the patients are presented. MATERIALS AND METHODS Costs of both whole-body techniques are compared with the conventional radiologic diagnostic recommendations of the AWFM (Arbeitsgemeinschaft Wissenschaftlich Medizinischer Fachgesellschaften) in oncologic staging of the five most frequent tumor entities. Temporal and monetary aspects are calculated. Invasive, endoscopic, and endosonographic techniques are regarded as essential and cannot be replaced by other techniques. Thus only the minimal potential for cost reduction is quantified. RESULTS In the German system there is no cipher to correctly balance whole-body MRI and PET/CT. Using the frequently applied ciphers 5700-5730 and 5378, 5489 (factor 1.0) total costs were 440.45 euros, and adding the cipher for additional series 545.37 euros (60 min examination time) for whole-body MRI and 774.74 euros (879.66 euros) (60/90 min examination time) for whole-body PET/CT. Using the common factor 1.8 costs were 981.66 and 1583.38 euros. On the basis of a simple full cost analysis total costs of whole-body PET/CT were higher than of whole-body MRI by a factor of about 2.0 (about 1123 vs 575 euros). There were substantial monetary and temporal differences between tumor entities. In extended bronchial carcinoma 375.32 euros and 55 min can be saved using whole-body MRI in comparison to conventional recommended techniques and using whole-body PET/CT 88.14 euros and 45 min. In tumor entities of lower stages with thus less essential radiologic diagnostics the potential for cost reduction is substantially lower. CONCLUSION Whole-body imaging techniques make it possible to reduce the number of necessary separate radiologic examinations and thus time in oncologic staging. A substantial reduction of health care costs seems to be possible in many tumor entities but differences between different tumor entities are decisive.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Plathow
- Abteilung Diagnostische Radiologie, Eberhardt-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen.
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Lichy MP, Aschoff P, Plathow C, Stemmer A, Horger W, Mueller-Horvat C, Steidle G, Horger M, Schafer J, Eschmann SM, Kiefer B, Claussen CD, Pfannenberg C, Schlemmer HP. Tumor detection by diffusion-weighted MRI and ADC-mapping--initial clinical experiences in comparison to PET-CT. Invest Radiol 2007; 42:605-13. [PMID: 17700275 DOI: 10.1097/rli.0b013e31804ffd49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the clinical potential of diffusion-weighted-imaging (DWI) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC)-mapping for tumor detection. MATERIALS AND METHODS A single-shot echo-planar-imaging DWI sequence with fat suppression and ability for navigator-based respiratory triggering was implemented. Nineteen patients (11 melanoma, 4 prostate cancer, 1 non-Hodgkin lymphoma, and 3 lung cancer) were examined by positron emission tomography (PET) with an integrated computed tomography scanner (PET-CT) and DWI. Images at b = 0, 400, and 1000 s/mm2 were acquired and ADC maps were generated. PET examinations were used as a reference for tumor detection. Four hundred twenty-four regions of interest were used for DWI and 73 for PET data evaluation. RESULTS DWI and ADC maps were of diagnostic quality. Metastases with increased tracer uptake were clearly visualized at b = 1000 s/mm2 with the exception of mediastinal lymph node metastases in cases of lung cancer. ADC mapping did not improve detection rates. CONCLUSIONS DWI is a feasible clinical technique, improving the assessment of metastatic spread in routine magnetic resonance imaging examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Lichy
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany.
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Eschmann SM, Pfannenberg AC, Rieger A, Aschoff P, Müller M, Paulsen F, Anastasiadis A, Claussen CD, Bares R, Schlemmer HP. Comparison of 11C-choline-PET/CT and whole body-MRI for staging of prostate cancer. Nuklearmedizin 2007; 46:161-8; quiz N47-8. [PMID: 17938748 DOI: 10.1160/nukmed-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aim of this study was to compare the diagnostic accuracy of positron emission tomography and computed tomography with (11)C-Choline (Cho-PET/CT) and whole body magnetic resonance imaging (WB-MRI) for diagnostic work-up of prostate cancer. PATIENTS, METHODS We evaluated retrospectively 42 patients with untreated prostate cancer (n = 17), or increasing levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) after curative therapy (n = 25) who had been investigated by both Cho-PET/CT and WB-MRI. MRI, CT, and PET images were separately analyzed by experienced radiologists or nuclear medicine experts, followed by consensus reading. Validation was established by histology, follow-up, or consensus reading. RESULTS 88/103 detected lesions were considered as malignant: 44 bone metastases, 22 local tumor, 15 lymph node metastases, 3 lung, and 3 brain metastases. One further lesion was located in the adrenal gland, which was a second tumor. Overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for Cho-PET/CT were 96.6%, 76.5%, and 93.3%, resp., and for WB-MRI 78.4%, 94.1%, and 81.0%, resp. 3 vertebral metastases had initially been missed by Cho-PET/CT and were found retrospectively. MRI identified 2 bone metastases and 1 lymph node metastasis after being informed about the results of Cho-PET/CT. CONCLUSIONS Cho-PET/CT and WB-MRI both presented high accuracy in the detection of bone and lymph node metastases. The strength of MRI is excellent image quality providing detailed anatomical information whereas the advantage of Cho-PET/CT is high image contrast of pathological foci.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Eschmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Germany
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Lichy MP, Anastasiadis AG, Aschoff P, Sotlar K, Eschmann SM, Pfannenberg C, Stenzl A, Claussen CD, Schlemmer HP. Morphologic, Functional, and Metabolic Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Prostate Biopsy in a Patient with Prior Negative Transrectal Ultrasound-Guided Biopsies and Persistently Elevated Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels. Urology 2007; 69:1208.e5-8. [PMID: 17572221 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2006] [Revised: 02/05/2007] [Accepted: 03/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 65-year-old patient was examined with [11C]-choline positron emission tomography-computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for possible tumor detection after two negative sessions of transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy and persistently elevated prostate-specific antigen levels for 27 months. Choline positron emission tomography revealed a small and circumscribed pathologic tracer uptake in the right dorsal peripheral gland. Whereas T2-weighted MRI and high b-value diffusion-weighted imaging were able to reproduce this suspicious area, proton MR spectroscopy showed no significant increase of the amplitude of choline-containing compounds. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided prostate biopsy was successfully performed. All specimens taken from the lesion showed a Gleason 5 tubular adenocarcinoma with low proliferative activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias P Lichy
- Department of Urology, Comprehensive Cancer Center Tübingen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Pfannenberg AC, Aschoff P, Brechtel K, Müller M, Klein M, Bares R, Claussen CD, Eschmann SM. Value of contrast-enhanced multiphase CT in combined PET/CT protocols for oncological imaging. Br J Radiol 2007; 80:437-45. [PMID: 17329683 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/34082277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the additional value of contrast-enhanced multiphase CT in comparison with low-dose non-contrast CT in combined positron emission tomography (PET)/CT protocols for oncological imaging, we retrospectively analysed 100 patients with different malignant tumours. All patients underwent a PET/CT consisting of a multiphase CT protocol including a low-dose non-enhanced attenuation scan and an arterial and portal-venous contrast-enhanced scan followed by a whole-body PET. PET/CT studies were analysed by different categories to determine the added value of contrast-enhanced CT. The additional value was defined as new information provided by diagnostic CT and not available from the low-dose CT, resulting in change of PET/CT interpretation. The results were validated either by histopathology or by clinical-radiological follow up at > or =6 months. The clinical impact was evaluated with respect to changes in patient management. Diagnostic multiphase CT was of additional value in 52 out of 100 patients with 85 suspected lesions. In 40 out of 100 patients, no additional value could be detected. Eight patients were excluded due to inconclusive diagnosis in both methods including fusion. The analysis showed the greatest benefit of diagnostic CT in the categories localization of pathological fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake and precise tumour delineation, changing PET/CT interpretation in 42% and 31% of patients, respectively. The benefit of diagnostic CT was influenced by the tumour type demonstrating the highest impact in gastrointestinal, lung and neuroendocrine tumours. Diagnostic CT changed clinical management in 21 patients (21%). Diagnostic multiphase CT as part of the combined PET/CT protocol has the potential to provide considerable additional value in specific clinical conditions with resultant change of management in a substantial proportion of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Pfannenberg
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler- Strasse 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Eschmann SM, Friedel G, Paulsen F, Reimold M, Hehr T, Budach W, Dittmann H, Langen HJ, Bares R. Repeat 18F-FDG PET for monitoring neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer. Lung Cancer 2007; 55:165-71. [PMID: 17129635 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2006.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2006] [Revised: 09/27/2006] [Accepted: 09/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The relevance of (18)F-FDG PET for staging non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), in particular for the detection of lymph node or distant metastases, has been shown in several studies. The value of FDG-PET for therapy monitoring in NSCLC, in contrast, has not yet been sufficiently analysed. Aim of this study was to evaluate FDG-PET for monitoring treatment response during and after neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy (NARCT) in advanced NSCLC. METHODS Sixty-five patients with histologically proven NSCLC stage III initially underwent three FDG-PET investigations, during NARCT prior to initiating radiation, and post-NARCT. Changes of FDG-uptake in the primary tumour at two time-points during NARCT were analysed concerning their impact on long-term survival. RESULTS The mean maximum FDG uptake (standardized uptake value, SUVmax) of the whole group decreased significantly during NARCT (SUVmax PET 1: 14.9+/-4.0, SUVmax PET 3: 5.5+/-2.4, p=0.004). The difference between initial FDG uptake (PET 1) and uptake after induction chemotherapy (PET 2) was found to be highly predictive for long-term survival patients which had a greater than 60% decreases in their SUV change had a significantly longer survival than those below this threshold (5-year-survival 60% versus 15%, p=0.0007). Patients who had a lower than 25% decrease in their SUV change had a 5-years-survival lower than 5%. Furthermore, the difference between initial FDG uptake (PET 1) and uptake after completion of the whole NARCT (PET 3) was predictive for survival when 75% was applied as cut-off (p=0.02). However, the level of significance was considerably lower. CONCLUSION FDG-PET is suitable for therapy monitoring in patients with stage III NSCLC. The decrease of FDG uptake during induction chemotherapy is highly predictive for patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Eschmann
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Brechtel K, Heners H, Mueller M, Aschoff P, Eschmann SM, Bares R, Claussen CD, Pfannenberg AC. Fixation devices for whole-body 18F-FDG PET/CT: Patient perspectives and technical aspects. Nucl Med Commun 2007; 28:141-7. [PMID: 17198356 DOI: 10.1097/mnm.0b013e328013eb09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the use of a fixation device in whole-body postiron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT). METHODS Two hundred and thirty patients were prospectively included over a period of 3 months. Different single-phase and multiphase contrast-enhanced PET/CT protocols were used for whole-body examination. An unforced expiration state was applied as breathing protocol for CT examination. Patients were placed on a deflating device (1.0 m x 1.5 m) with arms elevated but supported in order to prevent full extension in shoulders and elbows providing comfortable positioning. Image quality was assessed by means of alignment of the liver quantitatively on co-registered PET/CT images. After the examination, patients were asked to complete a survey on subjective sensations such as pain in different body regions (yes/no). They were asked to give a final evaluation for the whole-body PET/CT examination (comfortable/not comfortable). Additionally, a control group (n=30) was assessed without the aid of additional devices. RESULTS Examination protocols using the device showed minor misalignment of 5 mm. Different protocols did not reveal significant differences in misalignment. When comparing the control group misalignment was significantly higher with approx. 7 mm. The majority (75%) evaluated the positioning as comfortable despite 46% of the patients in this group feeling more or less severe pain in at least one body region. For controls, misalignment was slightly higher whereas only 39% found the positioning comfortable (chi(2)=13.03; P<0.0005) and 61% reported pain (NS). CONCLUSION Both the technical aspects and patient evaluations favour the use of the vacuum device in whole-body PET/CT examinations. In particular, in time consuming protocols using multiphase CT examination the fixation device leads to excellent co-registration quality and patient compliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Brechtel
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany.
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Pfannenberg C, Aschoff P, Schanz S, Eschmann SM, Plathow C, Eigentler TK, Garbe C, Brechtel K, Vonthein R, Bares R, Claussen CD, Schlemmer HP. Prospective comparison of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography and whole-body magnetic resonance imaging in staging of advanced malignant melanoma. Eur J Cancer 2007; 43:557-64. [PMID: 17224266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2006] [Revised: 11/10/2006] [Accepted: 11/16/2006] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to compare the overall and site-based accuracy and impact on patient management of positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) and whole-body (wb) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in staging of advanced melanoma. In a prospective blinded study, 64 patients with American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) stage III/IV melanoma underwent 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT and wbMRI. In total 420 lesions were evaluated. The overall accuracy of PET/CT was 86.7% compared to 78.8% for wbMRI (P=0.0007). PET/CT was significantly more accurate in N-staging and detecting of skin and subcutaneous metastases, whereas wbMRI was more sensitive in detecting liver, bone and brain metastases. WbMRI was less sensitive but more specific than PET/CT in classifying pulmonary lesions. In 41 patients (64%) whole-body imaging caused changes of treatment. Whole-body staging of patients with advanced melanoma is most accurate by combining wbPET/CT and organ-specific wbMRI including a brain, liver and bone marrow protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Pfannenberg
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Stergar H, Bockisch A, Eschmann SM, Krause BJ, Rödel R, Tiling R, Weckesser M. Influence of PET/CT-introduction on PET scanning frequency and indications. Results of a multicenter study. Nuklearmedizin 2007; 46:57-64. [PMID: 17393040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the influence of the introduction of combined PET/CT scanners into clinical routine. This investigation addresses the quantitative changes between PET/CT and stand alone PET. METHODS The study included all examinations performed on stand alone PET- or PET/CT-scanners within 12 month prior to and after implementation of PET/CT. The final data analysis included five university hospitals and a total number of 15 497 exams. We distinguished exams on stand alone tomographs prior to and after installation of the combined device as well as PET/CT scans particularly with regard to disease entities. Various further parameters were investigated. RESULTS The overall number of PET scans (PET and PET/CT) rose by 146% while the number of scans performed on stand alone scanners declined by 22%. Only one site registered an increase in stand alone PET. The number of exams for staging in oncology increased by 196% while that of cardiac scans decreased by 35% and the number of scans in neurology rose by 47%. The use of scans for radiotherapy planning increased to 7% of all PET/CT studies. The increase of procedures for so-called classic PET oncology indications was moderate compared to the more common tumors. An even greater increase was observed in some rare entities. CONCLUSIONS The introduction of PET/CT led to more than a doubling of overall PET procedures with a main focus on oncology. Some of the observed changes in scanning frequency may be caused by a rising availability of new radiotracers and advancements of competing imaging methods. Nevertheless the evident increase in the use of PET/CT for the most common tumour types demonstrates its expanding role in cancer staging. The combination of molecular and morphologic imaging has not only found its place but is still gaining greater importance with new developments in technology and radiochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stergar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45122 Essen, Germany.
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Eschmann SM, Friedel G, Paulsen F, Reimold M, Hehr T, Scheiderbauer J, Budach W, Kotzerke J, Bares R. Impact of staging with 18F-FDG-PET on outcome of patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer: PET identifies potential survivors. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 34:54-9. [PMID: 16896660 PMCID: PMC2562439 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-006-0197-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2006] [Accepted: 05/29/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyse the impact of FDG-PET staging on treatment results of neo-adjuvant radiochemotherapy in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We compared prospectively the outcome of two patient groups with stage III NSCLC undergoing the same neo-adjuvant radio-chemotherapy (NARCT). In one group, FDG-PET was part of the pretherapeutic staging, whereas in the other group, no PET scans were performed. Methods: One hundred and eighty-eight patients with advanced stage III NSCLC were selected for a phase II trial of NARCT. The first 115 patients underwent conventional workup (CWU) and FDG-PET before inclusion (group I); the remaining 73 patients underwent CWU only (group II). All patients were followed up according to a standardised protocol for at least 11 months (up to 64 months). Overall survival and disease-free survival were used as parameters of therapeutic success and analysed statistically. Results: After staging, 157/188 patients were included in the clinical trial. Thirty-one were excluded owing to the results of FDG-PET, in most cases because of the detection of previously unknown distant metastases. Overall survival and metastasis-free survival were significantly longer in patients of group I stratified by FDG-PET than in group II (p=0.006 and 0.02 respectively). Another significant factor for survival was complete tumour resection (p=0.02). Gender, histological tumour type, tumour grade and UICC stage had no significant influence. Conclusion: Pretherapeutic staging by FDG-PET significantly influences the results of NARCT and subsequent surgery by identifying patients not eligible for curative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Eschmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 14, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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Pfannenberg AC, Aschoff P, Brechtel K, Müller M, Bares R, Paulsen F, Scheiderbauer J, Friedel G, Claussen CD, Eschmann SM. Low dose non-enhanced CT versus standard dose contrast-enhanced CT in combined PET/CT protocols for staging and therapy planning in non-small cell lung cancer. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2006; 34:36-44. [PMID: 16896664 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-006-0186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2006] [Accepted: 04/03/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate low dose non-enhanced CT and standard dose contrast-enhanced CT in combined PET/CT protocols for staging and therapy planning of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Retrospective analysis was performed of 50 consecutive patients with proven NSCLC who had been referred for primary staging (n=41) or restaging (n=9). All patients underwent a multi-phase PET/CT consisting of a low dose non-enhanced attenuation scan and an arterial and portal-venous contrast-enhanced CT scan followed by whole-body PET. Fused datasets of non-enhanced and contrast-enhanced PET/CT were compared per patient by using the TNM staging system, and per lesion regarding localisation, characterisation and delineation of tumour lesions. The staging results were validated either by histopathology or by clinical-radiological follow-up for >or=6 months. RESULTS In 47/50 patients, the results of T staging did not differ between the two PET/CT protocols. Three patients could only be correctly classified as having T4 tumours after contrast application. Regarding N staging, both protocols yielded the same results. In M staging, there was only one patient with an improvement of the results as a result of contrast application. The lesion-based analysis of 92 sites showed no difference in the accuracy of lesion localisation and only one revision of lesion characterisation by contrast-enhanced PET/CT. The assessment of tumour delineation was altered by contrast application in 58/92 sites (p<0.0001). In 10/50 patients, contrast-enhanced PET/CT detected additional clinically important findings. CONCLUSION In patients with advanced NSCLC, contrast-enhanced CT as part of the PET/CT protocol more accurately assessed the TNM stage in 8% of patients compared with non-contrast PET/CT. However, for planning of 3D conformal radiotherapy and non-conventional surgery, contrast-enhanced PET/CT protocols are indispensable owing to their superiority in precisely defining the tumour extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Pfannenberg
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tübingen, Germany.
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Eschmann SM, Thelen MH, Dittmann H, Bares R. Influence of Short-Term Interruption of Antithyroid Drugs on the Outcome of Radioiodine Therapy of Graves' Disease: Results of a Prospective Study. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2006; 114:222-6. [PMID: 16804795 DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-924238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM The factors influencing success of treating Graves' disease with radioiodine ( (131)I) are discussed controversially. This study analyses prospectively the influence of discontinuing antithyroid drugs (ATD) immediately prior to treatment with radioiodine on the therapeutic outcome. METHODS We studied 141 patients with Graves' disease. In 73 of them (group A) treatment was performed under medication with ATD, in 68 patients (group B) ATD were discontinued for 3 - 7 days starting at the time of therapy. We performed a statistical analysis of the influence of ATD and other factors potentially influencing treatment results. RESULTS In group A 49/73 patients were treated successfully (67 %) vs. 58/68 (85 %) in group B (p < 0.01). Characteristic changes in the kinetics of radioiodine were observed: after discontinuing ATD specific uptake was higher (2.0 %/ml in group A vs. 2.6 %/ml in group B, p = 0.004), and the effective half life was longer (5.1 +/- 1.3 d in group A vs. 5.5 +/- 1.1 d in group B, p = 0.076) resulting in a significantly higher radiation dose in group B (200 +/- 61 Gy in group A vs. 236 +/- 72 Gy in group B, p = 0.002). CONCLUSION We conclude that short-term interruption of ATD improves the success rate of treating Graves' disease with radioiodine significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Eschmann
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Germany.
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Pfannenberg C, Aschoff P, Eschmann SM, Paulsen F, Rieger A, Claussen CD. Kontrastmittelangehobene oder native PET/CT für die Therapieplanung des Bronchialkarzinoms? ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-940560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Plathow C, Pfannenberg C, Lichy M, Aschoff P, Bock H, Claussen CD, Eschmann SM, Schlemmer HP. Ganzkörper Bildgebung – Betriebswirtschaftliche Betrachtung zur MRT und PET-CT im onkologischen Staging. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-941063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Schlemmer HP, Eschmann SM, Pfannenberg C, Aschoff P, Müller-Horvat C, Stenzl A, Anastasiadis A, Bares R, Claussen CD. Vergleich von Ganzkörper-MRT und 11C-Cholin-PET-CT zum Staging des Prostatakarzinoms. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-940628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pfannenberg C, Aschoff P, Plathow C, Eschmann SM, Schanz S, Rieger A, Schlemmer HP, Bares R, Claussen CD. Vergleich von Ganzkörper-FDG-PET/CT und Ganzkörper-MRT in der Diagnostik von Metastasen beim fortgeschrittenen Melanom. ROFO-FORTSCHR RONTG 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-940594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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Eschmann SM, Friedel G, Paulsen F, Reimold M, Hehr T, Budach W, Scheiderbauer J, Machulla HJ, Dittmann H, Vonthein R, Bares R. Is standardised 18F-FDG uptake value an outcome predictor in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer? Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2005; 33:263-9. [PMID: 16270214 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-005-1953-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Recent studies have demonstrated the relevance of (18)F-FDG uptake as an independent prognostic factor for recurrence of operable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This corresponds with the experimental finding that FDG uptake correlates with the proliferative activity of tumour cells (Higashi et al., J Nucl Med 2000;41:85-92). On the basis of these observations, we studied the influence of FDG uptake on prognosis and occurrence of distant metastases in patients with advanced NSCLC. METHODS One hundred and fifty-nine patients with NSCLC of UICC stage IIIA or IIIB were included in the study. In all patients, neoadjuvant treatment was planned to achieve operability. FDG PET was performed as an additional staging procedure prior to the initiation of therapy. Clinical outcome data in terms of overall survival, disease-free survival and incidence of distant metastases could be obtained for 137 patients and were correlated with the average standardised uptake value of the tumour (SUV(avg)). Furthermore, other factors influencing SUV(avg) and patient outcome (histological tumour type, grading, UICC stage, tumour size) were analysed. RESULTS SUV(avg) was significantly influenced by tumour histology, UICC stage and tumour size. No significant difference could be shown for grading. In 38 out of the 159 patients (24%), FDG PET revealed previously unsuspected distant metastases. The incidence of distant metastases significantly correlated with SUV(avg). Overall survival tended to decrease with increasing SUV(avg); however, significance was only reached when a cut-off of 12.0 was applied (p=0.05). CONCLUSION FDG uptake is an independent prognostic factor in patients with UICC stage III NSCLC, although less distinctively so than has been reported for stage I/II tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Eschmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Tübingen, Otfried-Mueller-Strasse 14, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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22
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Pfannenberg AC, Burkart C, Kröber SM, Eschmann SM, Horger MS, Claussen CD. Dual-phase multidetector thin-section CT in detecting duodenal gastrinoma. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 30:543-7. [PMID: 15891805 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-004-0299-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2004] [Accepted: 11/24/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Preoperative localization of gastrinomas, especially of extrapancreatic origin, remains a challenge to the radiologist. Most patients with extrapancreatic gastrinomas undergo surgery without preoperative identification of the primary tumor. The appropriate imaging modality to localize gastrinomas is under continuing debate. We report a case of a duodenal gastrinoma with regional lymph node metastases that presented with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. The small primary tumor was detected noninvasively by dual-phase multidetector thin-section computed tomography with adequate bowel distention and confirmed by endoscopy and histopathologic examination. The case illustrates that appropriate computed tomographic technique and scanning protocol are crucial for success in localizing extrapancreatic gastrinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Pfannenberg
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, University of Tuebingen, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Abstract
A method is presented to identify and quantify hypoxia in human head-and-neck tumours based on dynamic [18F]-Fmiso PET patient data, using a model for the tracer transport. A compartmental model was developed, inspired by recent immunohistochemical investigations with the tracer pimonidazole. In order to take the trapping of the tracer and the diffusion in interstitial space into account, the kinetic model consists of two compartments and a specific input function. This voxel-based data analysis allows us to decompose the time-activity curves (TACs) into their perfusion, diffusion and hypoxia-induced retention components. This characterization ranges from well perfused tumours over diffusion limited hypoxia to strong hypoxia and necrosis. The overall shape of the TAC and the model parameters may point at the structural architecture of the tissue sample. The model addresses the two main problems associated with hypoxia imaging with PET. Firstly, the hypoxic areas are spatially separated from well perfused vessels, causing long diffusion times of the tracer. Secondly, tracer uptake occurs only in viable hypoxic cells, which constitute only a small subpopulation in the presence of necrosis. The resulting parameters such as the concentration of hypoxic cells and the perfusion are displayed in parameter plots ('hypoxia map'). Quantification of hypoxia performed with the presented kinetic model is more reliable than a criterion based on static standardized uptake values (SUV) at an early timepoint, because severely hypoxic/necrotic tissues show low uptake and are thus overlooked by SUV threshold identification. The derived independent measures for perfusion and hypoxia may provide a basis for individually adapted treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Thorwarth
- Section for Biomedical Physics, University Hospital for Radiation Oncology, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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24
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Eschmann SM, Bitzer M, Paulsen F, Friedel G, Besenfelder H, Horger M, Reimold M, Dittmann H, Pfannenberg AC, Bares R. The benefit of functional-anatomical imaging with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose utilizing a dual-head coincidence gamma camera with an integrated X-ray transmission system in non-small cell lung cancer. Nucl Med Commun 2005; 25:909-15. [PMID: 15319596 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-200409000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate functional-anatomical imaging with 2-[F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (F-FDG) utilizing a dual-head coincidence gamma camera with an integrated X-ray transmission system for attenuation correction, anatomical mapping, and image fusion compared to conventional diagnostics by computed tomography (CT) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS Thirty-five patients with NSCLC underwent FDG imaging of the thoracic area using a dual-head coincidence gamma camera (DHC) with an integrated X-ray transmission system. State-of-the-art CT scans had been performed before. Whole-body dedicated FDG positron emission tomography (PET) was performed immediately prior to DHC. Staging by CT and DHC, and DHC with integrated image fusion (FDHC) were re-evaluated with regard to detectable lesions, correct anatomical diagnoses, and clinical impact. Results of DHC and PET were compared for analysis of limitations of DHC. RESULTS One hundred and thirteen tumour lesions were identified by CT. DHC detected 128 lesions overall: 102 true positive CT lesions were confirmed, 25 additional lesions were detected which affected staging in eight patients, and one false positive lung lesion did not show up in DHC. Nine CT lesions were missed by DHC (lymph node and lung). PET detected 150 areas of focally enhanced uptake, delivering two false positive results (nuchal muscles, pneumonia). Final evaluation confirmed 148 malignant lesions. Compared to CT, the results of DHC changed staging or treatment in 8/35 patients (23%). Lesion detection by DHC was limited by tumour size and intensity of FDG uptake. Image fusion provided relevant clinical information in 9/35 patients (26%). CONCLUSION Functional imaging in NSCLC with this dual-head gamma camera is superior to morphological imaging by CT, although inferior to dedicated PET imaging. Combined functional-anatomical imaging has the potential to improve staging and localization procedures before surgery or radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Eschmann
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, University of Tuebingen, Otfried Müller Strasse 14, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
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Friedel G, Budach W, Spengler W, Eschmann SM, Kyriss T, Zoller J, Hehr T. Neoadjuvante Radio-Chemotherapie mit Paclitaxel/Carboplatin beim nicht kleinzelligem Bronchialkarzinom im Stadium III. Pneumologie 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-819710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Horger M, Pfannenberg C, Claussen CD, Bares R, Eschmann SM. Combined transmission and emission tomography in a vastus intermedius muscle stress syndrome. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2003; 30:636. [PMID: 12647028 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-003-1140-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Horger
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Eberhard-Karls Universität, Hoppe-Seyler-Strasse 3, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
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27
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Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a new diagnostic procedure which allows to image tissue metabolism in vivo. Utilizing increased substrate metabolism or transport as a marker of malignant disease, primary as well as metastatic or recurrent lung cancer can be detected. This allows for improved differential diagnosis of pulmonary nodules or staging of non small cell lung cancer as has been documented in several studies. New applications of PET may include non-invasive evaluation of tissue proliferation or hypoxia to predict individual prognosis or treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Bares
- Klinischen Abteilung Nuklearmedizin der Radiologischen Universitätsklinik Tübingen, Röntgenweg 13-15, D-72 076 Tübingen, Deutschland.
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28
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Abstract
A method is described that allows the inclusion of biological imaging data in the optimization of intensity-modulated radiotherapy to produce dose boosts that conform with target subvolumes of potentially reduced radiosensitivity. The biological image (e.g. PET, fMRI, etc) is transformed into a dose efficiency distribution using a piecewise linear calibration function with a prescribed maximum boost factor. Instead of dose alone, the cost function of the optimization algorithm depends on the product of the physical dose times dose efficiency. An example case of a base-of-tongue tumour which was imaged with the hypoxia tracer fluoro-misonidazole is presented, showing the excellent capability of IMRT to produce dose distributions that conform to spatially variable dose prescriptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Alber
- Department of Medical Physics. University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Horger M, Müller-Schimpfle M, Wehrmann M, Mehnert B, Maurer F, Eschmann SM, Claussen CC. Giant bilateral inflammatory pseudotumor arising along the arterial sheath of the lower extremities. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2002; 179:637-9. [PMID: 12185034 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.179.3.1790637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Horger
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Eberhard-Karls-Universität, Hoppe-Seyler-Str. 3, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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30
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Eschmann SM, Friedel G, Paulsen F, Budach W, Harer-Mouline C, Dohmen BM, Bares R. FDG PET for staging of advanced non-small cell lung cancer prior to neoadjuvant radio-chemotherapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002; 29:804-8. [PMID: 12029555 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-002-0801-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate positron emission tomography (PET) with fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) for the staging of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) before combined neoadjuvant, i.e. preoperative, radio-chemotherapy (RCT). From November 1998 until September 2001, 101 patients with NSCLC were investigated prospectively. The inclusion criterion was a histologically proven NSCLC of stage IIIA or B according to conventional staging including biopsy. The results of PET were compared with those obtained by mediastinoscopy, computed tomography (CT), bone scan and abdominal ultrasonography. Validation of discrepant findings was achieved by biopsy or repeated CT. PET proved to be highly accurate for the detection of lymph node metastases (sensitivity 96%, specificity 73%, positive predictive value 88%, negative predictive value 89%, accuracy 88%) as well as distant metastases (in 25/101 patients, all previously unknown). PET findings changed further treatment in 29/101 patients (29%). Twenty-five were excluded from RCT due to the presence of previously unknown distant metastases. One patient was free of metastases and therefore was operated on without pre-treatment. Two patients did not receive any further treatment because a malignant tumour could be excluded after PET. In the final patient PET demonstrated a tumour pattern not typical for NSCLC which could be attributed to a seminoma after repeated biopsy. FDG PET is the most accurate non-invasive diagnostic procedure for the staging of advanced NSCLC. Therefore use of FDG PET is highly recommended in order to select patients for neoadjuvant or other stage-dependent treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Eschmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Tübingen, Roentgenweg 13, Germany.
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31
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Eschmann SM, Reischl G, Bilger K, Kupferschläger J, Thelen MH, Dohmen BM, Besenfelder H, Bares R. Evaluation of dosimetry of radioiodine therapy in benign and malignant thyroid disorders by means of iodine-124 and PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2002; 29:760-7. [PMID: 12029549 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-002-0775-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of 124I positron emission tomography (PET) to determine the dosimetry of radioiodine therapy in hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer. Phantom studies to assess the accuracy of PET were performed using an EEC phantom with spheres of different diameters filled with 3-30 MBq of 124I. Patient dosimetry was derived from PET data obtained 1-13 days after simultaneous oral administration of a therapeutic dose of 131I and a diagnostic dose of 124I. The obtained data were compared with findings from intratherapeutic probe measurements and clinical outcome. The phantom studies confirmed that 124I can be quantitated by PET (imprecision < or =10%), and volumetry is feasible for nodules <13 mm (imprecision < or =20%). Any influence of contamination with 123I or the simultaneous administration of 131I on the accuracy of the PET quantification and the probe measurements was ruled out by phantom measurements with solutions of 131I, 124I and 123I in various ratios. In autonomous nodular goitres, radioiodine uptake measured by PET varied from 25.4% to 64.3% and was not significantly different from that obtained by a scintillation probe (24.1%-73.1%, correlation coefficient r=0.91). Comparison of uptake and effective half-life in normal tissue versus autonomous nodules revealed significant differences in uptake but not in effective half-life [uptake 2.0-8.3 kBq/(ml x MBq) in normal tissue vs 12.6-29.3 kBq/(ml x MBq) in nodules; half-life 97.8-156.7 h in normal tissue vs 73.3-192.3 h in nodules]. Calculated radiation doses ranged between 177 and 633 Gy for autonomous nodules and between 47 and 126 Gy for normal tissue. In thyroid cancer patients, doses between 350 and 1,420 Gy were achieved in thyroid remnants and between 70 and 170 Gy in tumour metastases. It is concluded that 124I and PET are suitable for evaluation of the dosimetry of radioiodine therapy in benign and malignant thyroid diseases. The applied technique might be particularly useful for quantitative dose-response studies in radioiodine treatment and further investigations of stunning phenomena.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/diagnostic imaging
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/radiotherapy
- Adenocarcinoma, Follicular/secondary
- Aged
- Bone Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Bone Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Bone Neoplasms/secondary
- Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnostic imaging
- Carcinoma, Papillary/radiotherapy
- Carcinoma, Papillary/secondary
- Female
- Follow-Up Studies
- Goiter, Nodular/diagnostic imaging
- Goiter, Nodular/radiotherapy
- Humans
- Iodine Radioisotopes/therapeutic use
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/diagnostic imaging
- Neoplasms, Multiple Primary/radiotherapy
- Phantoms, Imaging
- Radiation Dosage
- Radiopharmaceuticals/therapeutic use
- Radiotherapy Dosage
- Reproducibility of Results
- Sensitivity and Specificity
- Thoracic Vertebrae/diagnostic imaging
- Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging
- Thyroid Neoplasms/radiotherapy
- Thyrotoxicosis/diagnostic imaging
- Thyrotoxicosis/radiotherapy
- Tomography, Emission-Computed/instrumentation
- Tomography, Emission-Computed/methods
- Treatment Outcome
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne M Eschmann
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Tübingen, Roentgenweg 13, Germany.
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Thelen MH, Eschmann SM, Moll-Kotowski M, Dopfer R, Bares R. Bone marrow scintigraphy with technetium-99m anti-NCA-95 to monitor therapy in malignant osteopetrosis. J Nucl Med 1998; 39:1033-5. [PMID: 9627340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of a 2-mo-old girl with malignant osteopetrosis. Conventional radiological investigations of the skull and left hand showed the characteristic pattern of generalized sclerosis. Bone marrow immunoscintigraphy with 99mTc-labeled antibodies against nonspecific cross-reactive antigen (NCA) 95 was performed before and after bone marrow transplantation. Before transplantation, whole-body images showed bone marrow stores exclusively in the base of the skull. The rest of the skeleton did not reveal any hematopoietic activity. The liver and spleen showed increased antibody uptake as expected in extramedullary hematopoiesis. Repeat scintigraphy after bone marrow transplantation from her haploidentical father demonstrated an almost completely normalized tracer distribution corresponding to her clinical and hematological improvement. Bone marrow immunoscintigraphy appears to be an ideal complement to radiograph diagnostics in malignant osteopetrosis. In primary diagnosis, scintigraphy demonstrates the quantitative extent of bone marrow displacement. It also proves an ideal tool in monitoring the effectiveness of therapy after bone marrow transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Thelen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Eberhard-Karls-University, Tuebingen, Germany
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33
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Wildberger JE, Alzen G, Eschmann SM, Günther RW. [Efficiency and efficacy of radiologic diagnosis in skeletal trauma in childhood and adolescence]. Radiologe 1995; 35:397-400. [PMID: 7638346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
In a retrospective analysis, 2,006 X-ray examinations of the skeleton obtained after trauma in 1,386 children were examined; 354 fractures were diagnosed. X-ray films of the skull were requested in 596 (29.7%); fractures were diagnosed in only 13 patients (2.2%). The radiological result changed the medical management in none of these cases. On the other hand, X-ray after trauma in the extremities is indispensable, except for the knee region. Examinations of the lower arm showed a fracture in 54.9%, X-ray of the shoulder 47.7%.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Wildberger
- Klinik für Radiologische Diagnostik, Klinikum der RWTH Aachen
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Abstract
65 percutaneous transvenous sclerotherapy of the internal spermatic vein in 58 children and adolescents with varicoceles are reported. Their age ranged from 9.4 to 18 years (mean 14.7 years). The success rate of the sclerotherapy amounted 91.4% while 8.6% recidivations were seen. In three patients slight complications occurred (2 extravasations, 1 spasm of the spermatic vein) which required no further therapy. By repeating the sclerotherapy finally 94.8% of the patients were treated successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Alzen
- Klinik für Radiologische Diagnostik der RWTH Aachen
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