1
|
Naga D, Dimitrakopoulou S, Roberts S, Husar E, Mohr S, Booler H, Musvasva E. CSL-Tox: an open-source analytical framework for the comparison of short-term and long-term toxicity end points and assessing the need of chronic studies in drug development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14865. [PMID: 37684321 PMCID: PMC10491674 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In-vivo toxicity assessment is an important step prior to clinical development and is still the main source of data for overall risk assessment of a new molecular entity (NCE). All in-vivo studies are performed according to regulatory requirements and many efforts have been exerted to minimize these studies in accordance with the (Replacement, Reduction and Refinement) 3Rs principle. Many aspects of in-vivo toxicology packages can be optimized to reduce animal use, including the number of studies performed as well as study durations, which is the main focus of this analysis. We performed a statistical comparison of adverse findings observed in 116 short-term versus 78 long-term in-house or in-house sponsored Contract Research Organizations (CRO) studies, in order to explore the possibility of using only short-term studies as a prediction tool for the longer-term effects. All the data analyzed in this study was manually extracted from the toxicology reports (in PDF formats) to construct the dataset. Annotation of treatment related findings was one of the challenges faced during this work. A specific focus was therefore put on the summary and conclusion sections of the reports since they contain expert assessments on whether the findings were considered adverse or were attributed to other reasons. Our analysis showed a general good concordance between short-term and long-term toxicity findings for large molecules and the majority of small molecules. Less concordance was seen for certain body organs, which can be named as "target organ systems' findings". While this work supports the minimization of long-term studies, a larger-scale effort would be needed to provide more evidence. We therefore present the steps performed in this study as an open-source R workflow for the Comparison of Short-term and Long-term Toxicity studies (CSL-Tox). The dataset used in the work is provided to allow researchers to reproduce such analysis, re-evaluate the statistical tools used and promote large-scale application of this study. Important aspects of animal research reproducibility are highlighted in this work, specifically, the necessity of a reproducible adverse effects reporting system and utilization of the controlled terminologies in-vivo toxicology reports and finally the importance of open-source analytical workflows that can be assessed by other scientists in the field of preclinical toxicology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doha Naga
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Smaragda Dimitrakopoulou
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, ETH Zurich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sonia Roberts
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Elisabeth Husar
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helen Booler
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eunice Musvasva
- Roche Pharma Research & Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Duloquin G, Graber M, Baptiste L, Mohr S, Garnier L, Ndiaye M, Thomas Q, Hervieu-Bègue M, Osseby GV, Giroud M, Béjot Y. [Acute management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage]. Rev Med Interne 2021; 43:293-300. [PMID: 34953622 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhage accounts for approximately 15% of the 115,000 strokes occurring each year in France. Although therapeutic strategies are more limited than for ischemic stroke, major points in the management of intracerebral hemorrhage can reduce short term morbidity and mortality by limiting the expansion of the hematoma and the occurrence of early complications, and long term patients' outcome by reducing the risk of recurrence. This article aims to update the key elements that contribute to improve of the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Duloquin
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Registre Dijonnais des AVC, EA7460, université de Bourgogne, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - M Graber
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Registre Dijonnais des AVC, EA7460, université de Bourgogne, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - L Baptiste
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Registre Dijonnais des AVC, EA7460, université de Bourgogne, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - S Mohr
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Registre Dijonnais des AVC, EA7460, université de Bourgogne, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - L Garnier
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Registre Dijonnais des AVC, EA7460, université de Bourgogne, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - M Ndiaye
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Registre Dijonnais des AVC, EA7460, université de Bourgogne, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - Q Thomas
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Registre Dijonnais des AVC, EA7460, université de Bourgogne, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - M Hervieu-Bègue
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Registre Dijonnais des AVC, EA7460, université de Bourgogne, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - G-V Osseby
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Registre Dijonnais des AVC, EA7460, université de Bourgogne, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - M Giroud
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Registre Dijonnais des AVC, EA7460, université de Bourgogne, UBFC, Dijon, France
| | - Y Béjot
- Service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, Registre Dijonnais des AVC, EA7460, université de Bourgogne, UBFC, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Duloquin G, Graber M, Baptiste L, Mohr S, Garnier L, Ndiaye M, Blanc-Labarre C, Hervieu-Bègue M, Osseby GV, Giroud M, Béjot Y. [Management of ischemic stroke in the acute phase]. Rev Med Interne 2021; 43:286-292. [PMID: 34481684 DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2021.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke accounts for 80% of overall stroke, and is one of the leading causes of death, disability and dementia in worldwide. Management of patients with acute ischemic stroke dramatically improved over time with the implementation of intensive care stroke units, the development of acute recanalization strategies, the optimization of the management of post-stroke complications, and the prevention of early stroke recurrence. The objective of this article is to provide a general overview of the current management of patients with acute ischemic stroke aiming at improving post-stroke outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Duloquin
- EA7460, UBFC, registre dijonnais des AVC, service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU de Dijon-Bourgogne, université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - M Graber
- EA7460, UBFC, registre dijonnais des AVC, service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU de Dijon-Bourgogne, université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - L Baptiste
- EA7460, UBFC, registre dijonnais des AVC, service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU de Dijon-Bourgogne, université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - S Mohr
- EA7460, UBFC, registre dijonnais des AVC, service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU de Dijon-Bourgogne, université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - L Garnier
- EA7460, UBFC, registre dijonnais des AVC, service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU de Dijon-Bourgogne, université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - M Ndiaye
- EA7460, UBFC, registre dijonnais des AVC, service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU de Dijon-Bourgogne, université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - C Blanc-Labarre
- EA7460, UBFC, registre dijonnais des AVC, service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU de Dijon-Bourgogne, université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - M Hervieu-Bègue
- EA7460, UBFC, registre dijonnais des AVC, service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU de Dijon-Bourgogne, université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - G-V Osseby
- EA7460, UBFC, registre dijonnais des AVC, service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU de Dijon-Bourgogne, université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - M Giroud
- EA7460, UBFC, registre dijonnais des AVC, service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU de Dijon-Bourgogne, université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France
| | - Y Béjot
- EA7460, UBFC, registre dijonnais des AVC, service hospitalo-universitaire de neurologie, CHU de Dijon-Bourgogne, université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Namdari R, Jones K, Chuang SS, Van Cruchten S, Dincer Z, Downes N, Mikkelsen LF, Harding J, Jäckel S, Jacobsen B, Kinyamu-Akunda J, Lortie A, Mhedhbi S, Mohr S, Schmitt MW, Prior H. Species selection for nonclinical safety assessment of drug candidates: Examples of current industry practice. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 126:105029. [PMID: 34455009 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2021.105029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In drug development, nonclinical safety assessment is pivotal for human risk assessment and support of clinical development. Selecting the relevant/appropriate animal species for toxicity testing increases the likelihood of detecting potential effects in humans, and although recent regulatory guidelines state the need to justify or dis-qualify animal species for toxicity testing, individual companies have developed decision-processes most appropriate for their molecules, experience and 3Rs policies. These generally revolve around similarity of metabolic profiles between toxicology species/humans and relevant pharmacological activity in at least one species for New Chemical Entities (NCEs), whilst for large molecules (biologics) the key aspect is similarity/presence of the intended human target epitope. To explore current industry practice, a questionnaire was developed to capture relevant information around process, documentation and tools/factors used for species selection. Collated results from 14 companies (Contract Research Organisations and pharmaceutical companies) are presented, along with some case-examples or over-riding principles from individual companies. As the process and justification of species selection is expected to be a topic for continued emphasis, this information could be adapted towards a harmonized approach or best practice for industry consideration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Zuhal Dincer
- Labcorp Early Development Laboratories Ltd, Harrogate, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Björn Jacobsen
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Susanne Mohr
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Helen Prior
- National Centre for the Replacement Refinement & Reduction of Animals in Research (NC3Rs), London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Höhn D, Mohr S, Mueller MD, Kuhn A. Sexual function after resection of urethral diverticulum. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1717169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
6
|
Liu Y, Wu J, Zhou M, Chen W, Li D, Wang Z, Hornsperger B, Aebi JD, Märki HP, Kuhn B, Wang L, Kuglstatter A, Benz J, Müller S, Hochstrasser R, Ottaviani G, Xin J, Kirchner S, Mohr S, Verry P, Riboulet W, Shen HC, Mayweg AV, Amrein K, Tan X. Discovery of 3-Pyridyl Isoindolin-1-one Derivatives as Potent, Selective, and Orally Active Aldosterone Synthase (CYP11B2) Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2020; 63:6876-6897. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
|
7
|
Chaters GL, Johnson PCD, Cleaveland S, Crispell J, de Glanville WA, Doherty T, Matthews L, Mohr S, Nyasebwa OM, Rossi G, Salvador LCM, Swai E, Kao RR. Analysing livestock network data for infectious disease control: an argument for routine data collection in emerging economies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2020; 374:20180264. [PMID: 31104601 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2018.0264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock movements are an important mechanism of infectious disease transmission. Where these are well recorded, network analysis tools have been used to successfully identify system properties, highlight vulnerabilities to transmission, and inform targeted surveillance and control. Here we highlight the main uses of network properties in understanding livestock disease epidemiology and discuss statistical approaches to infer network characteristics from biased or fragmented datasets. We use a 'hurdle model' approach that predicts (i) the probability of movement and (ii) the number of livestock moved to generate synthetic 'complete' networks of movements between administrative wards, exploiting routinely collected government movement permit data from northern Tanzania. We demonstrate that this model captures a significant amount of the observed variation. Combining the cattle movement network with a spatial between-ward contact layer, we create a multiplex, over which we simulated the spread of 'fast' ( R0 = 3) and 'slow' ( R0 = 1.5) pathogens, and assess the effects of random versus targeted disease control interventions (vaccination and movement ban). The targeted interventions substantially outperform those randomly implemented for both fast and slow pathogens. Our findings provide motivation to encourage routine collection and centralization of movement data to construct representative networks. This article is part of the theme issue 'Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: epidemic forecasting and control'. This theme issue is linked with the earlier issue 'Modelling infectious disease outbreaks in humans, animals and plants: approaches and important themes'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G L Chaters
- 1 Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK
| | - P C D Johnson
- 1 Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK
| | - S Cleaveland
- 1 Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK
| | - J Crispell
- 2 School of Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
| | - W A de Glanville
- 1 Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK
| | - T Doherty
- 3 Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG , UK
| | - L Matthews
- 1 Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK
| | - S Mohr
- 1 Boyd Orr Centre for Population and Ecosystem Health, Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK
| | - O M Nyasebwa
- 6 Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Nelson Mandela Road , Dar Es Salaam , Tanzania
| | - G Rossi
- 3 Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG , UK
| | - L C M Salvador
- 3 Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG , UK.,4 Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Georgia , Athens, GA 30602 , USA.,5 Institute of Bioinformatics, University of Georgia , Athens, GA 30602 , USA
| | - E Swai
- 6 Department of Veterinary Services, Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries, Nelson Mandela Road , Dar Es Salaam , Tanzania
| | - R R Kao
- 3 Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies and Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh , Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian EH25 9RG , UK
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Borras L, Boucherie M, Mohr S, Lecomte T, Perroud N, Huguelet P. Increasing self-esteem: Efficacy of a group intervention for individuals with severe mental disorders. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 24:307-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2009.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 01/18/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundIndividuals with psychosis are known to have a lower self-esteem compared to the general population, in part because of social stigma, paternalistic care, long periods of institutionalization and negative family interactions. This study aimed at assessing the efficacy of a self-esteem enhancement program for individuals with severe mental illness and at analyzing the results in their European context.MethodA randomized cross-over study including 54 outpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia from Geneva, Switzerland, was conducted. Twenty-four were recruited from an outpatient facility receiving traditional psychiatric care whereas 30 came from an outpatient facility with case-management care. Psychosocial, diagnostic and symptom measures were taken for all the subjects before treatment, after treatment, and at 3-months' follow-up.ResultsResults indicated significant positive self-esteem module effects on self-esteem, self-assertion, active coping strategies and symptom for the participants receiving case-management care. Results were not significant for those receiving traditional care. However, 71% of all participants expressed satisfaction with the module.ConclusionIndividuals with schizophrenia appear to be benefit from the effects of the self-esteem module, particularly when they are involved in a rehabilitation program and followed by a case manager who liaises with the other partners of the multidisciplinary team. This encourages reconsidering the interventions' format and setting in order to ensure lasting effects on the environment and in turn on coping, self-esteem and overall empowerment.
Collapse
|
9
|
Coughlin BA, Guha-Niyogi P, Sikorskii A, Glazer LC, Mohr S. Ranibizumab Alters Levels of Intraocular Soluble Cytokine Receptors in Patients with Diabetic Macular Edema. Curr Eye Res 2019; 45:509-520. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1665187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A. Coughlin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Pratim Guha-Niyogi
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Alla Sikorskii
- Department of Statistics and Probability, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Susanne Mohr
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rios-Arce ND, Dagenais A, Feenstra D, Coughlin B, Kang HJ, Mohr S, McCabe LR, Parameswaran N. Loss of interleukin-10 exacerbates early Type-1 diabetes-induced bone loss. J Cell Physiol 2019; 235:2350-2365. [PMID: 31538345 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Type-1 diabetes (T1D) increases systemic inflammation, bone loss, and risk for bone fractures. Levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10) are decreased in T1D, however their role in T1D-induced osteoporosis is unknown. To address this, diabetes was induced in male IL-10 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Analyses of femur and vertebral trabecular bone volume fraction identified bone loss in T1D-WT mice at 4 and 12 weeks, which in T1D-IL-10-KO mice was further reduced at 4 weeks but not 12 weeks. IL-10 deficiency also increased the negative effects of T1D on cortical bone. Osteoblast marker osterix was decreased, while osteoclast markers were unchanged, suggesting that IL-10 promotes anabolic processes. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts cultured under high glucose conditions displayed a decrease in osterix which was prevented by addition of IL-10. Taken together, our results suggest that IL-10 is important for promoting osteoblast maturation and reducing bone loss during early stages of T1D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naiomy D Rios-Arce
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Andrew Dagenais
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Derrick Feenstra
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Brandon Coughlin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Ho Jun Kang
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Laura R McCabe
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Biomedical Imaging Research Center, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - Narayanan Parameswaran
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan.,Comparative Medicine and Integrative Biology Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bendels S, Bissantz C, Fasching B, Gerebtzoff G, Guba W, Kansy M, Migeon J, Mohr S, Peters JU, Tillier F, Wyler R, Lerner C, Kramer C, Richter H, Roberts S. Safety screening in early drug discovery: An optimized assay panel. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2019; 99:106609. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2019.106609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
12
|
Coughlin BA, Trombley BT, Mohr S. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) mediates protection against glucose toxicity in human Müller cells via activation of VEGF-A signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 517:227-232. [PMID: 31331642 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) has become a target of interest for drug development aiming to treat diabetic retinopathy. Since IL-6 signaling can promote beneficial as well as detrimental effects via two different signaling pathways, the objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of classical IL-6 and IL-6 trans-signaling on human Müller cells (HMC), which are important for the development of diabetic retinopathy. HMCs were cultured in normal (5 mmol/L) and high (25 mmol/L) glucose plus or minus IL-6 or IL-6/sIL-6R. IL-6 receptor expression using immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry and cytokine release using magnetic bead assays were determined. HMCs express the membrane bound form of the IL-6 receptor (mIL-6R), gp130, and can release the soluble forms sIL-6R and sgp130 demonstrating that HMCs are capable of responding to classical IL-6 and IL-6 trans-signaling. IL-6 protected HMCs from glucose toxicity via VEGF-A signaling. IL-6/sIL-6R caused only modest protection, which was not mediated by VEGF-A. Our data show for the first time that classical IL-6 signaling exerts its beneficial effects through VEGF-A action contrary to IL-6 trans-signaling, which was VEGF-A independent. These results have clinical implications for drug development targeting IL-6 since strict anti-IL-6 therapies might further decrease neuroretinal functions in the diabetic retina.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Coughlin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Brett T Trombley
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Graber M, Mohr S, Baptiste L, Duloquin G, Blanc-Labarre C, Mariet AS, Giroud M, Béjot Y. Air pollution and stroke. A new modifiable risk factor is in the air. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:619-624. [PMID: 31153597 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Evidence from epidemiological studies has demonstrated that outdoor air pollution is now a well-known major problem of public health, mainly in low and middle income countries. Contrasting with myocardial infarction, there are few data on the association of air pollution and stroke. METHODS We propose a narrative literature review of the effects and the underlying biological mechanisms of short- and long-term exposure to air pollutants on stroke risk and mortality, using the following key-words: stroke, cerebrovascular events, ischemic and haemorrhage stroke, transient ischaemic attack, mortality, air pollution and air pollutants. RESULTS Twenty-one papers were selected. Air pollution, of which whose small particulate matter are the most toxic, contributes to about one-third of the global burden of stroke. We can identify vulnerable patients with classical neuro-vascular risk factors or a prior history of stroke or transient ischemic attack or persons living in low-income countries. Biological mechanisms of this new morbid association are discussed. CONCLUSION Air pollution should be recognized as a silent killer inducing stroke whose mortality rates remain elevated by its role as a new modifiable neurovascular risk factor, needing public health policies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Graber
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - S Mohr
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - L Baptiste
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - G Duloquin
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - C Blanc-Labarre
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| | - A S Mariet
- Clinical investigation center of Dijon (Inserm CIC 1432), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, Inserm, biostatistique, biomathématique, pharmacoepidemiologie et maladies infectieuses (B2 PHI), UMR 1181, university Hospital of Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - M Giroud
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France.
| | - Y Béjot
- Dijon Stroke Registry (Inserm, Santé Publique France), EA7460, university hospital of Dijon, university of Burgundy and Franche-Comté, Dijon, France
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Graber M, Baptiste L, Mohr S, Blanc-Labarre C, Dupont G, Giroud M, Béjot Y. A review of psychosocial factors and stroke: A new public health problem. Rev Neurol (Paris) 2019; 175:686-692. [PMID: 31130312 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2019.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The role of psychosocial factors (PSF) in increased risk of stroke is a novel public health challenge, but unclear definitions for PSF and the multiple stroke subtypes have led to inconsistent reports. A review of this issue is therefore warranted. METHODS Several databases were used for this narrative systematic review (Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library). Two independent reviewers evaluated articles from between 2001 and 2018 on the themes of PSF and stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA). PSF criteria were job strain, psychological interpersonal and behavioral stress, and social deprivation. Ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke and TIA subtypes were also identified. RESULTS Forty-five cohorts, five case-control studies and two meta-analyses were included. Despite mixed results, PSF were associated with an increased risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in populations of all ages, and more predominantly in women. CONCLUSION This broad review shows that the presence of PSF is associated with an increased risk stroke and TIA. As such, PSF must figure in both public health policy and stroke prevention programs, similar to other established metabolic and environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Graber
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - L Baptiste
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - S Mohr
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - C Blanc-Labarre
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - G Dupont
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| | - M Giroud
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France.
| | - Y Béjot
- Service de neurologie générale, vasculaire et dégénérative, Registre Dijonnais des AVC (Inserm, santé publique France, EA7460), university of Burgundy and Franche Comté, CHU Dijon Bourgogne, 14, rue Paul-Gaffarel, 21079 Dijon cedex, France
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Schwarz M, Schuschke C, Silva TN, Mohr S, Waidhas F, Brummel O, Libuda J. A simple high-intensity UV-photon source for photochemical studies in UHV: Application to the photoconversion of norbornadiene to quadricyclane. Rev Sci Instrum 2019; 90:024105. [PMID: 30831747 DOI: 10.1063/1.5079320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photochemical in situ studies in a well-controlled surface science environment can help to understand photochemical reactions in organic thin films in more detail. To perform such studies without external focusing or light guiding systems, we designed a high-intensity UV-photon source, which is compatible with an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) environment. The UV source is based on a high power light-emitting diode (LED), soldered onto a copper heat reservoir to avoid overheating. The LED can be placed in close vicinity in front of a single crystal, providing flux densities of 2 × 1018 photons s-1 cm-2 at a wavelength of 365 nm. Thus, the device provides light intensities one order of magnitude higher as compared to conventional continuous wave arc lamps, at only a small variation of the flux of less than ±20% over a sample surface of 10 × 8 mm2. The UV source is mounted in a UHV infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy system and triggered by using the IR spectrometer. This allows fully automatized in situ IR studies of photochemical reactions at interfaces and thin films. We prove the functionality of the device by studying the photochemical conversion of norbornadiene (NBD) to quadricyclane (QC) mediated by the photosensitizer 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)benzophenone (Michler's ketone, MK). NBD and MK were grown by physical vapor deposition in the form of thin films on Pt(111) at 120 K. Even at prolonged UV irradiation (>100 s), the temperature of the sample increased by less than 10 K. We report first successful conversion of NBD to QC under UHV conditions and follow the conversion behavior as a function of the photon dose and NBD/MK ratio. Initial quantum yields of up to 23% and selectivity for a QC of 70% are obtained at NBD/MK of 7.4:1, indicating good electronic coupling between NBD and MK even in a frozen multilayer. For both very small and very large NBD loadings, the conversion efficiency decreases, which is attributed to the effect of the metallic substrate and phase separation in thick multilayers, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schwarz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Schuschke
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thais Nascimento Silva
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Fabian Waidhas
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Olaf Brummel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Hathiramani D, Ali A, Anda G, Barbui T, Biedermann C, Charl A, Chauvin D, Czymek G, Dhard C, Drewelow P, Dudek A, Effenberg F, Ehrke G, Endler M, Ennis D, Fellinger J, Ford O, Freundt S, Gradic D, Grosser K, Harris J, Hölbe H, Jakubowski M, Knaup M, Kocsis G, König R, Krause M, Kremeyer T, Kornejew P, Krychowiak M, Lambertz H, Jenzsch H, Mayer M, Mohr S, Neubauer O, Otte M, Perseo V, Pilopp D, Rudischhauser L, Schmitz O, Schweer B, Schülke M, Stephey L, Szepesi T, Terra A, Toth M, Wenzel U, Wurden G, Zoletnik S, Pedersen TS. Upgrades of edge, divertor and scrape-off layer diagnostics of W7‐X for OP1.2. Fusion Engineering and Design 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2018.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
18
|
|
19
|
Schwarz M, Faisal F, Mohr S, Hohner C, Werner K, Xu T, Skála T, Tsud N, Prince KC, Matolín V, Lykhach Y, Libuda J. Structure-Dependent Dissociation of Water on Cobalt Oxide. J Phys Chem Lett 2018; 9:2763-2769. [PMID: 29741895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.8b01033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the correlation between structure and reactivity of oxide surfaces is vital for the rational design of catalytic materials. In this work, we demonstrate the exceptional degree of structure sensitivity of the water dissociation reaction for one of the most important materials in catalysis and electrocatalysis. We studied H2O on two atomically defined cobalt oxide surfaces, CoO(100) and Co3O4(111). Both surfaces are terminated by O2- and Co2+ in different coordination. By infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy we show that H2O adsorbs molecularly on CoO(100), while it dissociates and forms very strongly bound OH and partially dissociated (H2O) n(OH) m clusters on Co3O4(111). We rationalize this structure dependence by the coordination number of surface Co2+. Our results show that specific well-ordered cobalt oxide surfaces interact very strongly with H2O whereas others do not. We propose that this structure dependence plays a key role in catalysis with cobalt oxide nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schwarz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Firas Faisal
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Chantal Hohner
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Kristin Werner
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Tao Xu
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Tomáš Skála
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science , Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University , V Holešovičkách 2 , 18000 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Nataliya Tsud
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science , Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University , V Holešovičkách 2 , 18000 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Kevin C Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste SCpA , Strada Statale 14, km 163.5 , 34149 Basovizza-Trieste , Italy
| | - Vladimír Matolín
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science , Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University , V Holešovičkách 2 , 18000 Prague , Czech Republic
| | - Yaroslava Lykhach
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface Controlled Processes , Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Braendli-Baiocco A, Festag M, Dumong Erichsen K, Persson R, Mihatsch MJ, Fisker N, Funk J, Mohr S, Constien R, Ploix C, Brady K, Berrera M, Altmann B, Lenz B, Albassam M, Schmitt G, Weiser T, Schuler F, Singer T, Tessier Y. From the Cover: The Minipig is a Suitable Non-Rodent Model in the Safety Assessment of Single Stranded Oligonucleotides. Toxicol Sci 2018; 157:112-128. [PMID: 28123102 PMCID: PMC5414856 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfx025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-human primates (NHPs) are currently considered to be the non-rodent species of choice for the preclinical safety assessment of single-stranded oligonucleotide (SSO) drugs. We evaluated minipigs as a potential alternative to NHPs to test the safety of this class of compounds. Four different phosphorothioated locked nucleic acid-based SSOs (3 antisense and 1 anti-miR), all with known safety profiles, were administered to minipigs using similar study designs and read-outs as in earlier NHP studies with the same compounds. The studies included toxicokinetic investigations, in-life monitoring, clinical and anatomic pathology. In the minipig, we demonstrated target engagement by the SSOs where relevant, and a similar toxicokinetic behavior in plasma, kidney, and liver when compared with NHPs. Clinical tolerability was similar between minipig and NHPs. For the first time, we showed similar and dose-dependent effects on the coagulation and complement cascade after intravenous dosing similar to those observed in NHPs. Similar to NHPs, morphological changes were seen in proximal tubular epithelial cells of the kidney, Kupffer cells, hepatocytes, and lymph nodes. Minipigs appeared more sensitive to the high-dose kidney toxicity of most of the selected SSOs than NHPs. No new target organ or off-target toxicities were identified in the minipig. The minipig did not predict the clinical features of human injection site reactions better than the NHPs, but histopathological similarities were observed between minipigs and NHPs. We conclude that there is no impediment, as default, to the use of minipigs as the non-rodent species in SSO candidate non-clinical safety packages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Braendli-Baiocco
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Festag
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kamille Dumong Erichsen
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Robert Persson
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | | | - Niels Fisker
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - Juergen Funk
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Constien
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Bioanalytical Research and Development, Roche Innovation Center Munich, Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Corinne Ploix
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kevin Brady
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Berrera
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bernd Altmann
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Barbara Lenz
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Mudher Albassam
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center New York, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, New York, NY, USA
| | - Georg Schmitt
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Weiser
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Franz Schuler
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Singer
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yann Tessier
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation Center Copenhagen, Hørsholm, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Müller cells are one of the primary glial cell types found in the retina and play a significant role in maintaining retinal function and health. Since Müller cells are the only cell type to span the entire width of the retina and have contact to almost every cell type in the retina they are uniquely positioned to perform a wide variety of functions necessary to maintaining retinal homeostasis. In the healthy retina, Müller cells recycle neurotransmitters, prevent glutamate toxicity, redistribute ions by spatial buffering, participate in the retinoid cycle, and regulate nutrient supplies by multiple mechanisms. Any disturbance to the retinal environment is going to influence proper Müller cell function and well being which in turn will affect the entire retina. This is evident in a disease like diabetic retinopathy where Müller cells contribute to neuronal dysfunction, the production of pro-angiogenic factors leading to neovascularization, the set up of a chronic inflammatory retinal environment, and eventual cell death. In this review, we highlight the importance of Müller cells in maintaining a healthy and functioning retina and discuss various pathological events of diabetic retinopathy in which Müller cells seem to play a crucial role. The beneficial and detrimental effects of cytokine and growth factor production by Müller cells on the microvasculature and retinal neuronal tissue will be outlined. Understanding Müller cell functions within the retina and restoring such function in diabetic retinopathy should become a cornerstone for developing effective therapies to treat diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon A Coughlin
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Derrick J Feenstra
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Schwarz M, Bachmann P, Silva TN, Mohr S, Scheuermeyer M, Späth F, Bauer U, Düll F, Steinhauer J, Hohner C, Döpper T, Noei H, Stierle A, Papp C, Steinrück HP, Wasserscheid P, Görling A, Libuda J. Model Catalytic Studies of Novel Liquid Organic Hydrogen Carriers: Indole, Indoline and Octahydroindole on Pt(111). Chemistry 2017; 23:14806-14818. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schwarz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Thais Nascimento Silva
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Marlene Scheuermeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Florian Späth
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Udo Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Fabian Düll
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Johann Steinhauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Chantal Hohner
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Tibor Döpper
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Heshmat Noei
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY; Notkestrasse 85 22603 Hamburg Germany
- Fachbereich Physik; Universität Hamburg; 20355 Hamburg Germany
| | - Andreas Stierle
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY; Notkestrasse 85 22603 Hamburg Germany
- Fachbereich Physik; Universität Hamburg; 20355 Hamburg Germany
| | - Christian Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - H.-P. Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center Interface Controlled Processes; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Peter Wasserscheid
- Lehrstuhl für Chemische Reaktionstechnik; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; Helmholtz-Institute Erlangen-Nuremberg for Renewable Energy (IEK-11); 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center Interface Controlled Processes; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstraße 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center Interface Controlled Processes; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; 91058 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Mohr S, Schmitt T, Döpper T, Xiang F, Schwarz M, Görling A, Schneider MA, Libuda J. Coverage-Dependent Anchoring of 4,4'-Biphenyl Dicarboxylic Acid to CoO(111) Thin Films. Langmuir 2017; 33:4178-4188. [PMID: 28402643 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the adsorption behavior of 4,4'-biphenhyl dicarboxylic acid (BDA) on well-ordered CoO(111) films grown on Ir(100) as a function of coverage and temperature using time-resolved and temperature-programmed infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (TR-IRAS, TP-IRAS) in combination with density functional theory (DFT) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. To compare the binding behavior of BDA as a function of the oxide film thickness, three different CoO(111) film thicknesses were explored: films of about 20 bilayers (BLs) (approximately 5 nm), 2 BLs, and 1 BL. The two carboxylic acid groups of BDA offer two potential anchoring points to the oxide surface. At 150 K, intact BDA adsorbs on 20 BL thick oxide films in planar geometry with the phenyl rings aligned parallel to the surface. With decreasing oxide film thickness, we observe an increasing tendency for deprotonation and the formation of flat-lying BDA molecules anchored as dicarboxylates. After saturation of the first monolayer, intact BDA multilayers grow with molecules aligned parallel to the surface. The BDA multilayer desorbs at around 360 K. Completely different growth behavior is observed if BDA is deposited above the multilayer desorption temperature. Initially, doubly deprotonated dicarboxylates are formed by adopting a flat-lying orientation. With increasing exposure, however, the adsorbate layer transforms into upright standing monocarboxylates. A sharp OH stretching band (3584 cm-1) and a blue-shifted CO stretching band (1759 cm-1) indicate weakly interacting apical carboxylic acid groups at the vacuum interface. The anchored monocarboxylate phase slowly desorbs in a temperature range of up to 470 K. At higher temperature, a flat-lying doubly deprotonated BDA is formed, which desorbs and decomposes in a temperature range of up to 600 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Mohr
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, §Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and ∥Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmitt
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, §Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and ∥Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tibor Döpper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, §Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and ∥Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Feifei Xiang
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, §Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and ∥Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwarz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, §Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and ∥Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, §Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and ∥Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - M Alexander Schneider
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, §Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and ∥Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Festkörperphysik, §Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and ∥Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Rios-Arce ND, Mohr S, Coughlin BA, Feenstra D, Christian B, McCabe LR, Parameswaran N. Interleukin-10 in Type 1 Diabetes-induced bone loss in mice. FASEB J 2017. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.694.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Physiology; Michigan State University; East Lansing MI
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Bauer U, Mohr S, Döpper T, Bachmann P, Späth F, Düll F, Schwarz M, Brummel O, Fromm L, Pinkert U, Görling A, Hirsch A, Bachmann J, Steinrück HP, Libuda J, Papp C. Catalytically Triggered Energy Release from Strained Organic Molecules: The Surface Chemistry of Quadricyclane and Norbornadiene on Pt(111). Chemistry 2016; 23:1613-1622. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201604443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Udo Bauer
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Tibor Döpper
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Philipp Bachmann
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Florian Späth
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Fabian Düll
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Matthias Schwarz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Olaf Brummel
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Lukas Fromm
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Ute Pinkert
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Henkestrasse 42 91054 Erlangen Germany
| | - Julien Bachmann
- Lehrstuhl für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 1 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Steinrück
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center (ECRC); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center (ECRC); Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| | - Christian Papp
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II; Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg; Egerlandstrasse 3 91058 Erlangen Germany
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Bogman K, Schwab D, Delporte ML, Palermo G, Amrein K, Mohr S, De Vera Mudry MC, Brown MJ, Ferber P. Preclinical and Early Clinical Profile of a Highly Selective and Potent Oral Inhibitor of Aldosterone Synthase (CYP11B2). Hypertension 2016; 69:189-196. [PMID: 27872236 PMCID: PMC5142369 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.116.07716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Primary hyperaldosteronism is a common cause of resistant hypertension. Aldosterone is produced in the adrenal by aldosterone synthase (AS, encoded by the gene CYP11B2). AS shares 93% homology to 11β-hydroxylase (encoded by the gene CYP11B1), responsible for cortisol production. This homology has hitherto impeded the development of a drug, which selectively suppresses aldosterone but not cortisol production, as a new treatment for primary hyperaldosteronism. We now report the development of RO6836191 as a potent (Ki 13 nmol/L) competitive inhibitor of AS, with in vitro selectivity >100-fold over 11β-hydroxylase. In cynomolgus monkeys challenged with synthetic adrenocorticotropic hormone, single doses of RO6836191 inhibited aldosterone synthesis without affecting the adrenocorticotropic hormone–induced rise in cortisol. In repeat-dose toxicity studies in monkeys, RO6836191 reproduced the adrenal changes of the AS−/− mouse: expansion of the zona glomerulosa; increased expression of AS (or disrupted green fluorescent protein gene in the AS−/− mouse); hypertrophy, proliferation, and apoptosis of zona glomerulosa cells. These changes in the monkey were partially reversible and partially preventable by electrolyte supplementation and treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. In healthy subjects, single doses of RO6836191, across a 360-fold dose range, reduced plasma and urine aldosterone levels with maximum suppression at a dose of 10 mg, but unchanged cortisol, on adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge, up to 360 mg, and increase in the precursors 11-deoxycorticosterone and 11-deoxycortisol only at or >90 mg. In conclusion, RO6836191 demonstrates that it is possible to suppress aldosterone production completely in humans without affecting cortisol production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katrijn Bogman
- From the Clinical Pharmacology (K.B., D.S., M.-L.D.), Biostatistics (G.P.), Discovery (K.A.), Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.M., M.C.D.V.M.), and Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases (P.F.), Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; and Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.J.B).
| | - Dietmar Schwab
- From the Clinical Pharmacology (K.B., D.S., M.-L.D.), Biostatistics (G.P.), Discovery (K.A.), Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.M., M.C.D.V.M.), and Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases (P.F.), Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; and Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.J.B)
| | - Marie-Laure Delporte
- From the Clinical Pharmacology (K.B., D.S., M.-L.D.), Biostatistics (G.P.), Discovery (K.A.), Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.M., M.C.D.V.M.), and Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases (P.F.), Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; and Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.J.B)
| | - Giuseppe Palermo
- From the Clinical Pharmacology (K.B., D.S., M.-L.D.), Biostatistics (G.P.), Discovery (K.A.), Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.M., M.C.D.V.M.), and Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases (P.F.), Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; and Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.J.B)
| | - Kurt Amrein
- From the Clinical Pharmacology (K.B., D.S., M.-L.D.), Biostatistics (G.P.), Discovery (K.A.), Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.M., M.C.D.V.M.), and Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases (P.F.), Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; and Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.J.B)
| | - Susanne Mohr
- From the Clinical Pharmacology (K.B., D.S., M.-L.D.), Biostatistics (G.P.), Discovery (K.A.), Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.M., M.C.D.V.M.), and Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases (P.F.), Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; and Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.J.B)
| | - Maria Cristina De Vera Mudry
- From the Clinical Pharmacology (K.B., D.S., M.-L.D.), Biostatistics (G.P.), Discovery (K.A.), Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.M., M.C.D.V.M.), and Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases (P.F.), Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; and Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.J.B)
| | - Morris J Brown
- From the Clinical Pharmacology (K.B., D.S., M.-L.D.), Biostatistics (G.P.), Discovery (K.A.), Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.M., M.C.D.V.M.), and Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases (P.F.), Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; and Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.J.B)
| | - Philippe Ferber
- From the Clinical Pharmacology (K.B., D.S., M.-L.D.), Biostatistics (G.P.), Discovery (K.A.), Pharmaceutical Sciences (S.M., M.C.D.V.M.), and Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Diseases (P.F.), Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Switzerland; and Clinical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (M.J.B)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Müller U, Schuermann F, Dobrowolny H, Frodl T, Bogerts B, Mohr S, Steiner J. Assessment of Pharmacological Treatment Quality: Comparison of Symptom-triggered vs. Fixed-schedule Alcohol Withdrawal in Clinical Practice. Pharmacopsychiatry 2016; 49:199-203. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-104508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U. Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - F. Schuermann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - H. Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - T. Frodl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - B. Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - S. Mohr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy at Langenhangen, Hospitals of Hannover Region, Hannover, Germany
| | - J. Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Xu T, Schwarz M, Werner K, Mohr S, Amende M, Libuda J. Structure-Dependent Anchoring of Organic Molecules to Atomically Defined Oxide Surfaces: Phthalic Acid on Co3O4(111), CoO(100), and CoO(111). Chemistry 2016; 22:5384-96. [PMID: 26934313 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have performed a model study to explore the influence of surface structure on the anchoring of organic molecules on oxide materials. Specifically, we have investigated the adsorption of phthalic acid (PA) on three different, well-ordered, and atomically defined cobalt oxide surfaces, namely 1) Co3O4(111), 2) CoO(111), and 3) CoO(100) on Ir(100). PA was deposited by physical vapor deposition (PVD). The formation of the PA films and interfacial reactions were monitored in situ during growth by isothermal time-resolved IR reflection absorption spectroscopy (TR-IRAS) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. We observed a pronounced structure dependence on the three surfaces with three distinctively different binding geometries and characteristic differences depending on the temperature and coverage. 1) PA initially binds to Co3O4(111) through the formation of a chelating bis-carboxylate with the molecular plane oriented perpendicularly to the surface. Similar species were observed both at low temperature (130 K) and at room temperature (300 K). With increasing exposure, chelating mono-carboxylates became more abundant and partially replaced the bis-carboxylate. 2) PA binds to CoO(100) in the form of a bridging bis-carboxylate for low coverage. Upon prolonged deposition of PA at low temperature, the bis-carboxylates were converted into mono-carboxylate species. In contrast, the bis-carboxylate layer was very stable at 300 K. 3) For CoO(111) we observed a temperature-dependent change in the adsorption mechanism. Although PA binds as a mono-carboxylate in a bridging bidentate fashion at low temperature (130 K), a strongly distorted bis-carboxylate was formed at 300 K, possibly as a result of temperature-dependent restructuring of the surface. The results show that the adsorption geometry of PA depends on the atomic structure of the oxide surface. The structure dependence can be rationalized by the different arrangements of cobalt ions at the three surfaces.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany), Fax
| | - Matthias Schwarz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany), Fax
| | - Kristin Werner
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany), Fax
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany), Fax
| | - Max Amende
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany), Fax
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany), Fax. .,Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstraße 3, 91058, Erlangen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Galley G, Beurier A, Décoret G, Goergler A, Hutter R, Mohr S, Pähler A, Schmid P, Türck D, Unger R, Zbinden KG, Hoener MC, Norcross RD. Discovery and Characterization of 2-Aminooxazolines as Highly Potent, Selective, and Orally Active TAAR1 Agonists. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:192-7. [PMID: 26985297 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.5b00449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
2-Aminooxazolines were discovered as a novel structural class of TAAR1 ligands. Starting from a known adrenergic compound 1, structural modifications were made to obtain highly potent and selective TAAR1 ligands such as 12 (RO5166017), 18 (RO5256390), 36 (RO5203648), and 48 (RO5263397). These compounds exhibit drug-like physicochemical properties, have good oral bioavailability, and display in vivo activity in a variety of animal models relevant for psychiatric diseases and addiction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guido Galley
- Pharma Research
and Early
Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Angélica Beurier
- Pharma Research
and Early
Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guillaume Décoret
- Pharma Research
and Early
Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Annick Goergler
- Pharma Research
and Early
Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roman Hutter
- Pharma Research
and Early
Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Pharma Research
and Early
Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Axel Pähler
- Pharma Research
and Early
Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Schmid
- Pharma Research
and Early
Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dietrich Türck
- Pharma Research
and Early
Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Robert Unger
- Pharma Research
and Early
Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katrin Groebke Zbinden
- Pharma Research
and Early
Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marius C. Hoener
- Pharma Research
and Early
Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Roger D. Norcross
- Pharma Research
and Early
Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Werner K, Mohr S, Schwarz M, Xu T, Amende M, Döpper T, Görling A, Libuda J. Functionalized Porphyrins on an Atomically Defined Oxide Surface: Anchoring and Coverage-Dependent Reorientation of MCTPP on Co3O4(111). J Phys Chem Lett 2016; 7:555-560. [PMID: 26785148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b02784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the adsorption of tetraphenylporphyrin (2HTPP) and its carboxylated counterpart mono-para-carboxyphenyltriphenylporphyrin (MCTPP) on an atomically defined Co3O4(111) film under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions. Using time-resolved infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (TR-IRAS), we show that 2HTPP adsorbs molecularly in a flat-lying orientation, whereas MCTPP binds to the surface via formation of a chelating bidentate carboxylate upon deposition at 400 K. Combining TR-IRAS and density-functional theory (DFT), we determine the molecular tilting angle as a function of coverage. We show that the MCTPP adsorption geometry changes from a nearly flat-lying orientation (tilting angle <30°) at low coverage to a nearly perfectly upright-standing orientation (tilting angle of approximately 80°) in the full monolayer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Werner
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schwarz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tao Xu
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Max Amende
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tibor Döpper
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center for Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg , Egerlandstraße 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Huguelet P, Brandt PY, Mohr S. [The assessment of spirituality and religiousness in patients with psychosis]. Encephale 2016; 42:219-25. [PMID: 26806141 DOI: 10.1016/j.encep.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is evidence that psychiatrists are rarely aware of how religion may intervene in their patient's life. That is particularly obvious concerning patients with psychosis. Yet, even for patients featuring delusions with religious content, religious activities and spiritual coping may have a favourable influence. Indeed, patients with psychosis can use religion to cope with life difficulties related to their psychotic condition, in a social perspective but also in order to gain meaning in their lives. Also, religion may be part of explanatory models about their disorder with, in some cases, a significant influence on treatment adhesion. PATIENTS AND METHODS This paper describes a prospective randomized study about a spiritual assessment performed by the psychiatrists of patients with schizophrenia. The outpatient clinics in which the sample was collected are affiliated with the department of psychiatry at the university hospitals of Geneva. Eighty-four outpatients with psychosis were randomized into two groups: an experimental group receiving both traditional treatment and spiritual assessment with their psychiatrist and a control group of patients receiving only their usual treatment. Psychiatrists were supervised by a clinician (PH) and a psychologist of religions (PYB) for each patient in the spiritual assessment group. Data were collected from both groups before and after 3 months of clinical follow-up. RESULTS Spiritual assessment was well-tolerated by all patients. Moreover, their wish to discuss religious matters with their psychiatrist persisted following the spiritual assessment. Even though clinicians acknowledged the usefulness of the supervision for some patients, especially when religion was of importance for clinical care, they reported being moderately interested in applying spiritual assessments in clinical settings. Compared to the control group, there were no differences observed in the 3 months' outcome in terms of primary outcome measures for satisfaction with care, yet the attendance at the appointments was significantly increased in the group with spiritual assessment. The same result was found when restricting analyses to patients for whom an intervention was suggested or patients who invested more in religion. Areas of potential intervention were frequent both in a psychiatric and psychotherapeutical perspective. CONCLUSIONS Spiritual assessment appears to be useful for patients with psychosis. This is in accordance with the recommendations of the World Psychiatric Association which promotes considering the whole person in clinical care. Spiritual assessment is quite simple to perform, providing that clinicians do not prescribe or promote religion, and that no critical comments are made concerning religious issues. Clinicians do not need to know in depth the religious domains of each of their patients, as it appears that each patient accommodates his/her religious background his/her own way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Huguelet
- Département de santé mentale et de psychiatrie, hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 8, rue du 31-Decembre, 1207 Genève, Suisse.
| | - P-Y Brandt
- Faculty of Theology, Lausanne University, BFSH 2, 1015 Lausanne, Suisse
| | - S Mohr
- Département de santé mentale et de psychiatrie, hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 8, rue du 31-Decembre, 1207 Genève, Suisse
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xu T, Schwarz M, Werner K, Mohr S, Amende M, Libuda J. The surface structure matters: thermal stability of phthalic acid anchored to atomically-defined cobalt oxide films. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:10419-27. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp00296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The atomic structure of cobalt oxide surfaces influence the ordering and thermal stability of anchored phthalic acid.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xu
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Matthias Schwarz
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Kristin Werner
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Max Amende
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen
- Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
- D-91058 Erlangen
- Germany
- Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface Controlled Processes
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Planchette C, Pichler H, Wimmer-Teubenbacher M, Gruber M, Gruber-Woelfler H, Mohr S, Tetyczka C, Hsiao WK, Paudel A, Roblegg E, Khinast J. Printing medicines as orodispersible dosage forms: Effect of substrate on the printed micro-structure. Int J Pharm 2015; 509:518-527. [PMID: 26541301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2015.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
We present our recent advancements in developing a viable manufacturing process for printed medicine. Our approach involves using a non-contact printing system that incorporates both piezoelectric- and solenoid valve-based inkjet printing technologies, to deliver both active and inactive pharmaceutical materials onto medical-graded orodispersible films. By using two complimentary inkjet technologies, we were able to dispense an extensive range of fluids, from aqueous drug solutions to viscous polymer coating materials. Essentially, we demonstrate printing of a wide range of formulations for patient-ready, orodispersible drug dosage forms, without the risk of drug degradation by ink heating and of substrate damages (by contact printing). In addition, our printing process has been optimized to ensure that the drug doses can be loaded onto the orally dissolvable films without introducing defects, such as holes or tears, while retaining a smooth surface texture that promotes patient adherence and allows for uniform post-coatings. Results show that our platform technology can address key issues in manufacturing orodispersible drug dosage forms and bring us closer to delivering personalized and precision medicine to targeted patient populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Planchette
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; University of Technology, Institute of Fluid Mechanics and Heat Transfer, Graz, Austria.
| | - H Pichler
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | | | - M Gruber
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - H Gruber-Woelfler
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; University of Technology, Institute of Process and Particle Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - S Mohr
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - C Tetyczka
- Karl-Franzens University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department Pharmaceutical Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - W-K Hsiao
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - A Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - E Roblegg
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; Karl-Franzens University, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department Pharmaceutical Technology, Graz, Austria
| | - J Khinast
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Graz, Austria; University of Technology, Institute of Process and Particle Technology, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Backhaus K, Roeder N, Bunzemeier H, Mohr S, Leifke C. Strategische Zukunftsplanung mithilfe der Szenarioanalyse. Z Herz- Thorax- Gefäßchir 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00398-015-0013-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
35
|
Huguelet P, Mohr S, Boucherie M, Yaron M, Perroud N, Bianchi-Demicheli F. [An exploration of sexual desire and sexual activities of women with psychosis]. Rev Med Suisse 2015; 11:1691-1695. [PMID: 26591078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Most clinicians avoid discussing sexuality with patients with severe mental disorders. Sexual disturbances can be related to medication, to psychological issues such as self-stigma and anhedonia, and to the social context. We studied desire and sexual practices in women suffering from schizophrenia, in comparison with healthy women. Contrary to previous research, women with schizophrenia featured dyadic and individual desire similar to women of comparable age. Yet, only half of women with psychosis had sexual practice, either alone or with a partner. They were less satisfied with their activity, both in terms of function and psychological issues such as sexual self-esteem. This finding underscores the stigmatization these women suffer from, which prevents the opportunity of a possible improvement in this important interpersonal domain.
Collapse
|
36
|
Mohr S, Xu T, Döpper T, Laurin M, Görling A, Libuda J. Molecular Orientation and Structural Transformations in Phthalic Anhydride Thin Films on MgO(100)/Ag(100). Langmuir 2015; 31:7806-7814. [PMID: 26102241 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Structural control of organic thin films on dielectric substrates is the key to tailoring the physical properties of hybrid materials, for example, for application in solar energy conversion, molecular electronics, or catalysis. In this work, we investigate the molecular orientation of phthalic anhydride (PAA) films on atomically well-defined MgO(100) on Ag(100) using temperature-programmed infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy (TP-IRAS) in combination with density-functional theory (DFT). A robust procedure is presented to determine the orientation of the PAA molecules, which relies on the intensity ratios of vibrational bands only. We show that even at deposition temperatures of 110 K, the PAA multilayer grows with a specific molecular orientation; that is, the PAA molecular plane is preferentially aligned parallel with the MgO surface. No change of molecular orientation occurs up to a temperature of 145 K. Between 145 and 160 K, the film restructures adopting a nearly flat-lying molecular orientation. Between 170 and 205 K, the film undergoes a second structural transition to a crystalline phase. This transition is associated with a pronounced molecular reorientation. The molecules adopt a tilted orientation and, simultaneously, rotate around their C2 axes. The reorientation behavior suggests that the molecular orientation in the crystalline phase is controlled by the interaction with the MgO(100) substrate. At higher temperature, no further restructuring is observed until the PAA multilayer desorbs at temperatures above 230 K.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Mohr
- †Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tao Xu
- †Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tibor Döpper
- †Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Mathias Laurin
- †Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Görling
- †Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg Libuda
- †Lehrstuhl für Physikalische Chemie II, ‡Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, and §Erlangen Catalysis Resource Center and Interdisciplinary Center Interface-Controlled Processes, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Egerlandstrasse 3, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mohr S, Schott J, Hoenemann L, Feibicke M. Glyceria maxima as new test species for the EU risk assessment for herbicides: a microcosm study. Ecotoxicology 2015; 24:309-320. [PMID: 25380672 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1379-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In its recent guidance document on tiered risk assessment for plant protection products for aquatic organisms, the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) proposed to use Glyceria maxima as monocotyledonous grass species for the testing of special herbicide groups. However, published toxicity data for this species is very limited and there is no test guideline for Glyceria sp. For this reason a microcosm study was conducted in order to gain experience on the degree of sensitivity of G. maxima to the herbicidal substances clodinafop-propargyl (grass herbicide) and fluroxypyr (auxin) in comparison to the already established test organism water milfoil Myriophyllum spicatum and the duckweed species Landoltia punctata. Five concentrations without replicates were tested for each test substance using 10 microcosms and three microcosms served as controls. The experiment was run for 8 weeks. Morphological endpoints were used to determine growth and EC50 values. The results show that M. spicatum was most sensitive to fluroxypyr (37 days EC50 for roots: 62 µg/L) and G. maxima most sensitive to clodinafop-propargyl (22 days EC50 for total shoot length: 48 µg/L) whereas the duckweed species was considerable less sensitive. Hence, G. maxima turns out to be a good candidate for testing grass specific herbicides, supporting its inclusion as an additional macrophyte test for the risk assessment of herbicides as proposed by the EFSA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mohr
- Umweltbundesamt, Schichauweg 58, 12307, Berlin, Germany,
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Simoes E, Kronenthaler A, Rieger M, Rall KK, Schäffeler N, Hiltner H, Gröber-Grätz D, Ueding E, Mohr S, Brucker SY. Studie zur Gestaltung der Transitionsversorgung bei Seltenen Erkrankungen am Beispiel von Patientinnen mit genitalen Fehlbildungen – Design und erste Ergebnisse (BMBF Förderkennzeichen 01GY1125). Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1388006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
39
|
Christmann C, Christoph P, Mohr S, Brandner S, Imboden S, Kuhn A. Is obstruction an issue after adjustable sling insertion for recurrent stress urinary incontinence? Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2014. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1388246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|
40
|
Röver S, Andjelkovic M, Bénardeau A, Chaput E, Guba W, Hebeisen P, Mohr S, Nettekoven M, Obst U, Richter WF, Ullmer C, Waldmeier P, Wright MB. 6-Alkoxy-5-aryl-3-pyridinecarboxamides, a new series of bioavailable cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) antagonists including peripherally selective compounds. J Med Chem 2013; 56:9874-96. [PMID: 24175572 DOI: 10.1021/jm4010708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We identified 6-alkoxy-5-aryl-3-pyridinecarboxamides as potent CB1 receptor antagonists with high selectivity over CB2 receptors. The series was optimized to reduce lipophilicity compared to rimonabant to achieve peripherally active molecules with minimal central effects. Several compounds that showed high plasma exposures in rats were evaluated in vivo to probe the contribution of central vs peripheral CB1 agonism to metabolic improvement. Both rimonabant and 14g, a potent brain penetrant CB1 receptor antagonist, significantly reduced the rate of body weight gain. However, 14h, a molecule with markedly reduced brain exposure, had no significant effect on body weight. PK studies confirmed similarly high exposure of both 14h and 14g in the periphery but 10-fold lower exposure in the brain for 14h. On the basis of these data, which are consistent with reported effects in tissue-specific CB1 receptor KO mice, we conclude that the metabolic benefits of CB1 receptor antagonists are primarily centrally mediated as originally believed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephan Röver
- Pharma Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG , Grenzacherstrasse 124, Basel CH-4070, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Mohr S, Schott J, Maletzki D, Hünken A. Effects of toxicants with different modes of action on Myriophyllum spicatum in test systems with varying complexity. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2013; 97:32-39. [PMID: 23928028 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Revised: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
At the international workshop Aquatic Macrophyte Risk Assessment for Pesticides (AMRAP), it was noted that the EU risk assessment under the directive 91/414/EEC for herbicides, based only on algae and the monocotyledonous duckweed species Lemna sp., offers no certain protection against some growth regulating auxins. Therefore, AMRAP members proposed the introduction of the dicotyledonous water milfoil Myriophyllum as additional test species. This study was aimed to compare toxicity results from three test systems (TS) with varying complexity, namely Water TS, Sediment TS and Microcosm TS using Myriophyllum spicatum as test organism. As test substances, the photosynthesis inhibiting herbicide isoproturon, the growth regulating auxins fluroxypyr and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and the non-specific acting toxicant 3,5-dichlorophenol (3,5-DCP) were chosen. It was assessed if and why the sensitivity of M. spicatum towards the four toxicants varied in the different test systems and if the addition of sucrose to the medium used in the Water TS had an effect on the sensitivity of Myriophyllum. All TS were suitable for detecting negative effects of toxicants with different modes of action on M. spicatum. The lowest variability of endpoints was found in the Water TS with lowest experimental complexity. For auxins, the endpoint weight did not result in robust EC50 values in all TS, whereas root related endpoints, which are also ecologically relevant, turned out to be very sensitive with low variance. Sucrose in the medium of the Water TS did not seem to influence the sensitivity of M. spicatum towards isoproturon and 3,5-DCP but may have increased the sensitivity of M. spicatum roots when exposed to 2,4-D. However, the findings of all TS resulted in similar risk estimations if root endpoints were not considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Mohr
- Umweltbundesamt, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Mohr S, Kansy M, Lühe A, Singer T, Weiser T. Fail early and learn fast – how early safety testing impacts drug attrition. Toxicol Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
43
|
Abstract
Cell death seems to be a prominent feature in the progression of diabetic retinopathy. Several retinal cell types have been identified to undergo cell death in a diabetic environment. Most emphasis has been directed towards identifying apoptosis in the diabetic retina. However, new research has established that there are multiple forms of cell death. This review discusses the different modes of cell death and attempts to classify cell death of retinal cells known to die in diabetic retinopathy. Special emphasis is given to apoptosis, necrosis, autophagic cell death, and pyroptosis. It seems that different retinal cell types are dying by diverse types of cell death. Whereas endothelial cells predominantly undergo apoptosis, pericytes might die by apoptosis as well as necrosis. On the other hand, Müller cells are suggested to die by a pyroptotic mechanism. Diabetes leads to significant Müller cell loss at 7 months duration of diabetes in retinas of diabetic mice compared to non-diabetic, which is prevented by the inhibition of the caspase-1/IL-1β (interleukin-1beta) pathway using the IL-1 receptor knockout mouse. Since pyroptosis is characterized by the activation of the caspase-1/IL-1β pathway subsequently leading to cell death, Müller cells seem to be a prime candidate for this form of inflammation-driven cell death. Considering that diabetic retinopathy is now discussed to potentially be a chronic inflammatory disease, pyroptotic cell death might play an important role in disease progression. Understanding mechanisms of cell death will lead to a more targeted approach in the development of new therapies to treat diabetic retinopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Derrick J Feenstra
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - E Chepchumba Yego
- Research Division, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Aberdeen Proving, Ground, MD, USA
| | - Susanne Mohr
- Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Greiter-Wilke A, Baird TJ, Mohr S, Stewart L, Sarmiento RMR, Sanders M. Evaluation of a CNS compound in two species: Differential pharmacological responses in dogs and minipigs. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vascn.2012.08.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
45
|
Böttger R, Schaller J, Mohr S. Closer to reality--the influence of toxicity test modifications on the sensitivity of Gammarus roeseli to the insecticide imidacloprid. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2012; 81:49-54. [PMID: 22575057 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2012.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2012] [Revised: 04/09/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Laboratory toxicity test designs are far from reality and therefore extrapolations to field situations may be more difficult. In laboratory experiments with the amphipod Gammarus roeseli exposed to the insecticide imidacloprid it was investigated if test conditions closer to reality influences its sensitivity and if it is possible to extrapolate results from these laboratory tests to results from a stream mesocosm study. Experiments were run by varying medium, temperature, size, and seasonal origin of gammarids. Age and seasonal aspects had strongest effects with juveniles and animals taken from a spring population being most sensitive with an EC₅₀ (96 h) of 14.2 μg L⁻¹ imidacloprid. The test designs closest to the conditions in the stream mesocosms reflected best the results in mesocosms study on basis of LOEC values. However, the EC(x) extrapolation failed to predict the effects of short term imidacloprid pulses in the field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Böttger
- Umweltbundesamt, Schichauweg 58, 12307 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Winter J, Mohr S, Pantelis A, Kraus D, Allam JP, Novak N, Reich R, Martini M, Jepsen S, Götz W, Wenghoefer M. IGF-1 deficiency in combination with a low basic hBD-2 and hBD-3 gene expression might counteract malignant transformation in pleomorphic adenomas in vitro. Cancer Invest 2012; 30:106-13. [PMID: 22250586 DOI: 10.3109/07357907.2011.640651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the IGF-1-influence on oncological relevant genes in pleomorphic adenomas. Therefore A64-tumor cells were stimulated by recombinant IGF-1. After RNA-extraction, transcript levels of hBD-1, hBD-2, hBD-3, DEFA1/3, DEFA4, S100A4, Psoriasin, DOC-1, EGF, EGFR, and IGFR were analyzed by qRT-PCR at t = 0, 4, 8, 24, 48, and 72 hr. The gene-products were visualized by immunostaining. A64-tumor-cells were deficient for hBD-1 and IGF-1. IGF-1 downregulates hBD-2 and hBD-3 without influencing hBD-1-expression. IGF-1 only slightly affects DEFA1/3-, DEFA4-, S100A4-, Psoriasin-, DOC-1-, EGF-, EGFR-, and IGFR-gene-expression. IGF-1-deficiency combined with low basic hBD-2-gene-expression and hBD-3-gene-expression might counteract, whereas hBD-1-deficiency promotes malignant transformation in pleomorphic adenomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Winter
- Department of Periodontology, Operative and Preventive Dentistry, University of Bonn, Welschnonnenstr, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Trueblood KE, Mohr S, Dubyak GR. Purinergic regulation of high-glucose-induced caspase-1 activation in the rat retinal Müller cell line rMC-1. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2011; 301:C1213-23. [PMID: 21832250 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00265.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic activation of proinflammatory caspase-1 in the retinas of diabetic animals and patients in vivo and retinal Müller cells in vitro is well documented. In this study we characterized how elevated glucose and extracellular purines contribute to the activation of caspase-1 in a cultured rat Müller cell (rMC-1) model. The ability of high glucose (25 mM, 24 h) to activate caspase-1 was attenuated by either apyrase, which metabolizes extracellular ATP to AMP, or adenosine deaminase (ADA), which metabolizes extracellular adenosine to inosine. This suggested that autocrine stimulation of ATP-sensing P2 receptors and adenosine-sensing P1 receptors may in part mediate the response to high glucose. Exogenous ATP, 5'-N-ethylcarboxamido-adenosine (NECA), a nonselective P1 receptor agonist, or forskolin (FSK) increased caspase-1 activity in rMC-1 cells cultured in control glucose (5 mM) medium. Accumulation of active caspase-1 was also increased by dipyridamole, which suppresses adenosine reuptake. High-glucose stimulation of caspase-1 was attenuated by suramin, a nonselective P2 antagonist, or A2 adenosine receptor antagonists, but not by antagonism of P2X7 ATP-gated ion channel receptors. Although high glucose increased P2X7 mRNA, neither P2X7 protein nor function was detected in rMC-1 cells. The increased caspase-1 activity stimulated by high glucose, FSK, NECA, or ATP was correlated with increased gene expression of caspase-1 and thioredoxin-interacting-protein (TXNIP). These findings support a novel role for autocrine P1 and P2 purinergic receptors coupled to cAMP signaling cascades and transcriptional induction of caspase-1 in mediating the high-glucose-induced activation of caspase-1 and secretion of IL-1β in a cell culture model of nonhematopoietic retinal Müller cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Trueblood
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106-4970, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Yego ECK, Mohr S. siah-1 Protein is necessary for high glucose-induced glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase nuclear accumulation and cell death in Muller cells. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:3181-90. [PMID: 19940145 PMCID: PMC2823464 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.083907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The translocation and accumulation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) in the nucleus has closely been associated with cell death induction. However, the mechanism of this process has not been completely understood. The E3 ubiquitin ligase siah-1 (seven in absentia homolog 1) has recently been identified as a potential shuttle protein to transport GAPDH from the cytosol to the nucleus. Previously, we have demonstrated that elevated glucose levels induce GAPDH nuclear accumulation in retinal Müller cells. Therefore, this study investigated the role of siah-1 in high glucose-induced GAPDH nuclear translocation and subsequent cell death in retinal Müller cells. High glucose significantly increased siah-1 expression within 12 h. Under hyperglycemic conditions, siah-1 formed a complex with GAPDH and was predominantly localized in the nucleus of Müller cells. siah-1 knockdown using 50 nm siah-1 small interfering RNA significantly decreased high glucose-induced GAPDH nuclear accumulation at 24 h by 43.8 +/- 4.0%. Further, knockdown of siah-1 prevented high glucose-induced cell death of Müller cells potentially by inhibiting p53 phosphorylation consistent with previous observations, indicating that nuclear GAPDH induces cell death via p53 activation. Therefore, inhibition of GAPDH nuclear translocation and accumulation by targeting siah-1 promotes Müller cell survival under hyperglycemic conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E. Chepchumba K. Yego
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and
| | - Susanne Mohr
- From the Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106 and
- the Department of Physiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Huguelet P, Mohr S, Gilliéron C, Brandt PY, Borras L. Religious explanatory models in patients with psychosis: a three-year follow-up study. Psychopathology 2010; 43:230-9. [PMID: 20424504 DOI: 10.1159/000313521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Spirituality and religiousness have been shown to be highly prevalent in patients with psychosis. Yet the influence of religious denomination as it affects coping methods and/or as an explanatory model for illness and treatment remains to be determined. This study aims (1) to investigate if religious denomination is associated with explanatory models, (2) to assess the evolution over time of these explanatory models, and (3) to examine the relationship between these explanatory models and the spiritual vision of treatment and adhesion to such treatment. SAMPLING AND METHODS Of an initial cohort of 115 outpatients, 80% (n = 92) participated in a 3-year follow-up study. The evolution of their religious explanatory models was assessed in order to evaluate if religious denomination, as a meaning-making coping tool, is associated with the patients' explanatory models. Finally, we examined the relationship between these representations and the patients' spiritual visions of treatment and treatment adhesion. RESULTS A spiritual vision of the illness (as part of an explanatory model) was more frequent in patients with psychosis for whom the subjective dimension of religion was important. However, there was no association between the patients' religious denomination and their spiritual vision of the illness. The analyses showed that the various contents of spiritual visions of illness were not positive or negative per se; instead, they depended on how this religious vision was integrated into the person's experience. Examining longitudinal aspects of coping showed that the spiritual vision sometimes changed, but was not associated with clinical or social outcome. CONCLUSIONS For patients with psychosis, explanatory models frequently involve a religious component which is independent of denomination and likely to change over time. Clinicians should address this issue on a regular basis, by asking patients about their explanatory model before trying to build a bridge with the medical model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Huguelet
- Division of Adult Psychiatry, University Hospital of Geneva and University of Geneva, Rue du 31-Décembre 36, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Qu Y, Ramachandra L, Mohr S, Franchi L, Harding CV, Nunez G, Dubyak GR. P2X7 receptor-stimulated secretion of MHC class II-containing exosomes requires the ASC/NLRP3 inflammasome but is independent of caspase-1. J Immunol 2009; 182:5052-62. [PMID: 19342685 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.0802968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that P2X7 receptor (P2X7R)-induced activation of caspase-1 inflammasomes is accompanied by release of MHC class II (MHC-II) protein into extracellular compartments during brief stimulation of murine macrophages with ATP. Here we demonstrate that MHC-II containing membranes released from macrophages or dendritic cells (DCs) in response to P2X7R stimulation comprise two pools of vesicles with distinct biogenesis: one pool comprises 100- to 600-nm microvesicles derived from direct budding of the plasma membrane, while the second pool is composed of 50- to 80-nm exosomes released from multivesicular bodies. ATP-stimulated release of MHC-II in these membrane fractions is observed within 15 min and results in the export of approximately 15% of the total MHC-II pool within 90 min. ATP did not stimulate MHC-II release in macrophages from P2X7R knockout mice. The inflammasome regulatory proteins, ASC (apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase-recruitment domain) and NLRP3 (NLR family, pyrin domain containing 3), which are essential for caspase-1 activation, were also required for the P2X7R-regulated release of the exosome but not the microvesicle MHC-II pool. Treatment of bone marrow-derived macrophages with YVAD-cmk, a peptide inhibitor of caspase-1, also abrogated P2X7R-dependent MHC-II secretion. Surprisingly, however, MHC-II release in response to ATP was intact in caspase-1(-/-) macrophages. The inhibitory actions of YVAD-cmk were mimicked by the pan-caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk and the serine protease inhibitor TPCK, but not the caspase-3 inhibitor DEVD-cho. These data suggest that the ASC/NLRP3 inflammasome complexes assembled in response to P2X7R activation involve protease effector(s) in addition to caspase-1, and that these proteases may play important roles in regulating the membrane trafficking pathways that control biogenesis and release of MHC-II-containing exosomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44120, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|