1
|
Taktak S, Ghorbel N, Hammami H, Fakhfakh S, Rondot S, Jbara O. Characterization of compatibility of Polypropylene/Poly(butylene succinate) blends: Impact of weight ratios on interfacial polarization. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.120633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
|
2
|
Welsch C, Flügel AK, Rondot S, Schulze E, Sircar I, Nußbaumer J, Bojunga J. Distinct clinical phenotypes in a family with a novel truncating MEN1 frameshift mutation. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:64. [PMID: 35287658 PMCID: PMC8919629 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00978-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND MEN1 mutations can inactivate or disrupt menin function and are leading to multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, a rare heritable tumor syndrome. CASE PRESENTATION We report on a MEN1 family with a novel heterozygous germline mutation, c.674delG; p.Gly225Aspfs*56 in exon 4 of the MEN1 gene. Diagnosis and clinical phenotyping of MEN1 was established by laboratory tests, ultrasound, biopsy, MRI imaging and endosonography. The clinical course of the disease was followed in the index patient and her family members for eight years. The mutation was associated with distinct clinical phenotypes in the index patient and three family members harboring p.Gly225Aspfs*56. Family members affected showed primary hyperparathyroidism but variable patterns of associated endocrine tumors, adrenal cortical adenomas, prolactinoma, multifocal pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors, insulinoma and nonsecretory neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas. The mutation c.674delG; p.Gly225Aspfs*56 leads to a frameshift from codon 225 with early truncation of the menin protein. In silico analysis predicts loss of multiple protein-menin interactions in p.Gly225Aspfs*56, potentially rendering menin insufficient to control cell division and replication. However, no aggressive neuroendocrine tumors were observed in the follow-up of this family. CONCLUSIONS We report a novel heterozygous MEN1 frameshift mutation, potentially causing (at least partial) inactivation of menin tumor suppression potential but lacking a genotype-phenotype correlation. Our study highlights the importance of personalized care with appropriate testing and counseling in MEN1 families.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Welsch
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Anna Katharina Flügel
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Susanne Rondot
- MVZ Labor Dr. Limbach & Kollegen GbR, Molecular Endocrinology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Egbert Schulze
- MVZ Labor Dr. Limbach & Kollegen GbR, Molecular Endocrinology, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ishani Sircar
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- endokrinologikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Judith Nußbaumer
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jörg Bojunga
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Goethe-University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ammar LB, Fakhfakh S, Jbara O, Rondot S. Effect of nanoclay concentration level on the electrical properties of polypropylene under electron irradiation in a SEM. J Microsc 2016; 265:322-334. [PMID: 27883183 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
For studying the electrical properties (charge trapping, transport and secondary electron emission) of the polypropylene-based nanocomposites with different contents of natural clay, the specimens were submitted to electron irradiation of a scanning electron microscope. A device, suitably mounted on the sample holder of the scanning electron microscope, was used to measure two currents (i.e. leakage and displacement currents) induced in the polypropylene-based nanocomposites (polymer nanocomposites) under electron irradiation. The evolution of trapped charge during irradiation for each type of studied polymer nanocomposites is deduced. The amount of trapped charge at the steady state is also determined by measuring the change of secondary electron image size associated to the electron trajectory simulation. It is found, surprisingly, that not only the leakage current increases as a function of clay loading level but also trapped charge. However, this could be related to the increase of conductivity in one hand and to proliferation of interfaces between nanoparticles and neighbouring materials on the other hand. These two processes play crucial role in controlling the carrier transport (through polymer nanocomposites or/and along its surface) closely related to the charge storage and leakage current. Additional experiment using dielectric spectroscopy were performed to show the effect of clay concentration in changing the dielectric relaxation behaviour and to evidence the existence of interfaces between nanoparticles and polymer. The secondary electron emission during electron irradiation is also studied through the total electron yield that is deduced by correlating the measured leakage and displacement currents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ben Ammar
- LaMaCop, Faculté des sciences, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - S Fakhfakh
- LaMaCop, Faculté des sciences, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - O Jbara
- LISM, UFR Sciences, Reims, Cedex 2, France
| | - S Rondot
- LISM, UFR Sciences, Reims, Cedex 2, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Perakakis N, Flohr F, Kayser G, Thomusch O, Parsons L, Billmann F, von Dobschuetz E, Rondot S, Seufert J, Laubner K. Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 associated with a new germline Men1 mutation in a family with atypical tumor phenotype. Hormones (Athens) 2016; 15:113-7. [PMID: 26732163 DOI: 10.14310/horm.2002.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is an autosomal-dominant hereditary disorder associated with the development of endocrine tumors due to reduced expression of the tumor suppressor protein menin. Recent studies indicate a general role of menin in carcinogenesis, affecting the prevalence and clinical course of common non-endocrine tumors such as breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma and melanoma. Here we report a new germline missense mutation of Men1 in a German family with atypical tumor phenotype over three generations. Based on the type of mutation, we discuss possible changes in menin function leading to atypical tumorigenesis and present the clinical significance of such findings. CASE PRESENTATION A German family with a history of primary hyperparathyroidism presented to our Hospital for further evaluation. Members of the family demonstrated many different atypical tumors, such as renal cell carcinoma, papillary thyroid cancer and prostate cancer. DNA sequencing from peripheral blood revealed a novel mutation: Ser38Cys [TCC>TGC] in exon 2, codon 38 of Men1. This novel mutation is located in a region of menin which is responsible for interactions with the transcription factor JunD. This factor has recently been associated with prostate cancer. DNA sequencing of two of the atypical tumors (prostate cancer, papillary thyroid cancer) did not reveal a loss of heterozygosity, indicating an impact on menin expression and function in the heterozygous state, in line with results in +/-Men1 mutant mice developing prostate cancer. CONCLUSION The results and clinical course of disease in this case indicate the potential role of menin in the development of non-endocrine or atypical-endocrine tumors in MEN1 patients. Further investigations are needed to clarify both the general role of menin and the importance of specific mutations in carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, in families with uncommon manifestations of the syndrome early diagnostic adjustments should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Perakakis
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Felix Flohr
- Department of Internal Medicine I, St. Vincentius-Hospital, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Gian Kayser
- Department of Pathology, Institute of Surgical Pathology, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Thomusch
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lydia Parsons
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Franck Billmann
- Division of Endocrine Surgery, Department of General and Visceral Surgery, University Hospital of Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Rondot
- Endocrine Practice and Molecular Laboratory, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jochen Seufert
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Katharina Laubner
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Frank-Raue K, Machens A, Leidig-Bruckner G, Rondot S, Haag C, Schulze E, Lorenz A, Kreissl MC, Dralle H, Raue F, Schmid KW. Prevalence and clinical spectrum of nonsecretory medullary thyroid carcinoma in a series of 839 patients with sporadic medullary thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid 2013; 23:294-300. [PMID: 22946486 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2012.0236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is characterized by the synthesis and secretion of calcitonin (Ct). MTC without Ct secretion has been reported on rare occasions. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence and clinical spectrum of nonsecretory MTC in two tertiary centers that cared for 839 patients with sporadic MTC. METHODS Clinical, biochemical, histological, and immunohistological findings, and somatic RET mutations were analyzed, and long-term follow-up was documented. RESULTS Seven patients with nonsecretory MTC were identified among 839 patients with sporadic MTC; thus, the prevalence rate of nonsecretory MTC was 0.83%. In these seven patients, Ct and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels were normal when MTC was initially diagnosed in the patients, despite advanced tumor stage. Ct and CEA levels remained undetectable in four patients; recurrence was indicated in one patient after 10 years of follow-up by routine anatomic imaging and increased CEA levels, and Ct levels became slightly elevated during follow-up, despite massive tumor load, in the remaining two patients. The diagnosis of MTC was confirmed by positive immunohistochemistry for Ct, CEA, and chromogranin A. A high Ki67 proliferation index (PI) (three patients) and a high proportion of RET 918-mutated cells (four patients), as well as poorly differentiated histology, were associated with aggressive biological behavior of the MTC. The prognosis for nonsecretory MTC varied between long-term survival (12.5 years) and rapid progression leading to death within 1.75 years after diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of nonsecretory MTC was low (0.83% of patients with MTC). Diagnosis was often made at a clinically advanced tumor stage. The histological and immunohistological characteristics and the clinical course and prognosis of nonsecretory MTC are markedly heterogeneous. A high Ki-67 PI and a large proportion of cells with RET 918 mutations are associated with a poor prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Frank-Raue
- Endocrine Practice, Molecular Laboratory, Brueckenstrasse 21, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Machens A, Frank-Raue K, Lorenz K, Rondot S, Raue F, Dralle H. Clinical relevance of RET variants G691S, L769L, S836S and S904S to sporadic medullary thyroid cancer. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2012; 76:691-7. [PMID: 22111543 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2265.2011.04293.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Based on reports of higher frequencies among patients with sporadic medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) relative to external controls, the RET (REarranged during Transfection) variants G691S, L767L, S836S and S904S have been considered disease modifiers, suggesting greater lifetime risks of MTC. Other studies, employing different external controls, failed to confirm this association. Using a complementary approach, this study aimed at exploring differences in clinico-pathological characteristics among patients with sporadic MTC carrying no (wildtype), one (heterozygotes) or both (homozygotes) homologue RET variants in the germline, with wildtype cases acting as internal controls. METHODS Included in this investigation were 150 patients with complete genetic information on G691S, L769L, S836S and S904S RET alleles operated on for sporadic MTC at a tertiary referral centre. RESULTS Not one statistically significant dose-response relationship was identified between any RET variant (wildtype vs RET heterozygotes vs homologue RET homozygotes) and patient age at MTC diagnosis, gender, primary tumour size, extrathyroidal extension, numbers of involved and removed lymph nodes, or distant metastasis. L769L and S836S homozygotes, unlike G691S and S904S homozygotes, were either rare or absent, limiting the analyses to comparisons of heterozygosity versus wildtype. On time-to-event analysis, G691S, L769L, S836S or S904S carriers and noncarriers developed MTC at similar rates. CONCLUSIONS In carriers and noncarriers of the RET variants G691S, L767L, S836S and S904S, sporadic MTC appeared clinically and pathologically indistinguishable. This observation, along with the inconclusive evidence of previous association studies, calls for larger longitudinal association studies with age- and sex-matched external controls and additional functional studies of RET biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Machens
- Department of General, Visceral and Vascular Surgery, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Frank-Raue K, Leidig-Bruckner G, Lorenz A, Rondot S, Haag C, Schulze E, Büchler M, Raue F. [Hereditary variants of primary hyperparathyroidism--MEN1, MEN2, HPT-JT, FHH, FIHPT]. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2011; 136:1889-94. [PMID: 21915802 DOI: 10.1055/s-0031-1286358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The challenge in diagnosing primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) is to detect hereditary cases before first surgery. About 5% of cases are hereditary and integral component of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 and 2 (MEN1/MEN2), hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome (HPT-JT), familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH), and familial isolated hyperparathyroidism (FIHPT). Aim of this study was to evaluate similarities and differences in hereditary varieties of HPT. PATIENTS 80 patients with hereditary HPT were evaluated in a retrospective analysis between 1980 and 2010 concerning clinical findings, family history, therapy, biochemical and molecular-genetic findings and follow-up. RESULTS 80 patients with hereditary HPT are described, 52 belonged to MEN1, 15 to MEN2, 7 to HPT-JT, 4 to FHH and 2 to FIHPT kindreds. Penetrance of HPT was highest in MEN1 (85%), followed by HPT-JT (64%), FHH (28.5%), and MEN2 (8%). Youngest age at diagnosis of HPT was 7 and 16 years in the MEN2/HPT-JT group. Serum Calcium was highest in the HPT-JT group (3.6 mM), recurrencies of HPT were highest in the MEN1 group (40.5%). Parathyroid cancer solely occurred in the HPT-JT group. In single cases HPT occurs in FHH. CONCLUSION Among the different varieties of hereditary HPT MEN1-HPT is most frequent and carries the utmost recurrence rate. Early diagnosis of HPT-JT syndrome is important because of the occurrence of parathyroid cancer. Single cases of HPT in FHH are described. Preoperative diagnosis of hereditary HPT has therapeutic consequences concerning extent of surgery and implications concerning patient and family care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Frank-Raue
- Endokrinologische Gemeinschaftspraxis und molekulargenetisches Labor, Heidelberg.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Frank-Raue K, Rondot S, Raue F. Molecular genetics and phenomics of RET mutations: Impact on prognosis of MTC. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2010; 322:2-7. [PMID: 20083156 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2009] [Revised: 12/14/2009] [Accepted: 01/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2) is an autosomal dominant hereditary cancer syndrome caused by missense gain-of-function mutations of the RET proto-oncogene. Three distinct clinical subtypes of MEN 2 have been characterized: MEN 2A, MEN 2B, and familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). The specific RET mutation may suggest a predilection toward a particular phenotype and clinical course, with strong genotype-phenotype correlations. Recommendations on the timing of prophylactic thyroidectomy and extent of surgery are based on classification of RET mutations into risk levels according to genotype-phenotype correlations. The excellent prognosis for MTC diagnosed at its earliest stage underscores the importance of prospective screening (calcitonin screening) for sporadic MTC and early diagnosis by RET-mutation analysis for hereditary MTC. MEN 2 provides a unique model for early prevention and cure of cancer and for the roles of stratified mutation-based diagnosis and therapy of carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Frank-Raue
- Endocrine Practice, Molecular Laboratory, Brueckenstr. 21, Heidelberg 69120, Germany.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Frank-Raue K, Döhring J, Scheumann G, Rondot S, Lorenz A, Schulze E, Dralle H, Raue F, Leidig-Bruckner G. New Mutations in the RET Protooncogene-L881V – Associated with Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma and -R770Q – in a Patient with Mixed Medullar/Follicular Thyroid Tumour. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2009; 118:550-3. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1241851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
10
|
Colombo-Benkmann M, Li Z, Riemann B, Hengst K, Herbst H, Keuser R, Gross U, Rondot S, Raue F, Senninger N, Pützer BM, Frank-Raue K. Characterization of the RET protooncogene transmembrane domain mutation S649L associated with nonaggressive medullary thyroid carcinoma. Eur J Endocrinol 2008; 158:811-6. [PMID: 18322301 DOI: 10.1530/eje-07-0817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT For rare and novel RET mutations associated with hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), clinical and functional studies are needed to classify the RET mutation into one of the three clinical risk groups. OBJECTIVE We analyzed proliferative properties and clinical implications associated with the RET protooncogene transmembrane domain mutation S649L. DESIGN The transforming potential and mitogenic properties of S649L mutation were investigated clinically and by evaluating kinase activity, cell proliferation, and colony formation. PATIENTS Fifteen individuals from five kindreds were identified as carriers of a RET protooncogene mutation in exon 11 codon 649 (TCG(Ser)-->TTG(Leu)). In two out of five index patients, a second RET mutation (C634W or V804L) was detected. RESULTS Eight gene carriers were operated on. Histology revealed MTC and C-cell hyperplasia in three index and three screening patients respectively. In all other gene carriers (aged 41-64 years), calcitonin levels were in the normal range, and pentagastrin-stimulated calcitonin levels were <100 pg/ml. Therefore, thyroidectomy had not yet been performed. In one index patient carrying the S649L mutation, hyperparathyroidism was confirmed histologically. RET S649L-expressing NIH3T3 cells exhibited a clear increase of phosphotyrosine and proliferation rate when compared with parental NIH3T3 cells but a significantly lower kinase activity and cell growth rate when compared with RET C634R-expressing cells. When compared with RET C634R, the S649L mutant showed moderate transforming potential with small-sized colonies. CONCLUSIONS Our clinical and in vitro findings indicate that the transmembrane RET S649L mutation is associated with late-onset non-aggressive disease. Recommendations for prophylactic thyroidectomy should be individualized depending on stimulated calcitonin levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Colombo-Benkmann
- Department of General Surgery, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Spilcke-Liss E, Rondot S, Vogelgesang S, Wallaschofski H. Case report: A 49y-old female patient with MEN 1 syndrome shows a new mutation in the MEN 1 gene. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
12
|
Rondot S, Frank-Raue K, Haag C, Spilcke-Liss E, Schulze E, Raue F. Genetic analysis of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 by direct sequencing and multiplex ligation dependent probe amplification (MLPA). Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-972362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
13
|
Frank-Raue K, Rondot S, Schulze E, Raue F. Change in the spectrum of RET mutations diagnosed between 1994 and 2006. Clin Lab 2007; 53:273-82. [PMID: 17605401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare calcitonin producing tumor. About 70-75% of patients with MTC have sporadic disease while the others suffer from hereditary MTC. Hereditary MTC is divided into three clinical subtypes: multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2A is characterized by MTC, pheochromocytoma and primary hyperparathyroidism. MEN 2B is characterized by aggressive MTC, pheochromocytoma, marfanoid habitus and the presence of distinctive mucosal neuromas on the tongue, lips and subconjunctival areas as well as ganglioneuromatosis of the gastrointestinal tract. The third clinical subtype of inherited MTC, familial MTC, is defined as the presence of MTC in families without evidence of adrenal or parathyroid gland involvement. Hereditary MTC is caused by autosomal dominant gain-of-function mutations in the RET proto-oncogene. The first RET germline mutations were identified in 1993 in patients with MEN 2A and FMTC. Initially a codon 634 (exon 11) mutation was found in approximately 85% of patients with MEN 2A, and germline mutations in FMTC kindreds were more equally distributed throughout the RET proto-onocogene. In about 5% of families in these earlier series, mutations did not reside in exons 10 and 11. We now report a change in the spectrum of mutations detected in the RET proto-oncogene in patients with hereditary MTC from the 'classical' mutation at codon 634 in exon 11 (level 2) to more cases with mutations in the exons 13-15 (level 1) and less aggressive disease. In our series 38.9% of mutations were level 1 mutations, 54.4% level 2, and 5.6% level 3 mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karin Frank-Raue
- Endokrinologisch-Humangenetische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Frank-Raue K, Buhr H, Dralle H, Klar E, Senninger N, Weber T, Rondot S, Höppner W, Raue F. Long-term outcome in 46 gene carriers of hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma after prophylactic thyroidectomy: impact of individual RET genotype. Eur J Endocrinol 2006; 155:229-36. [PMID: 16868135 DOI: 10.1530/eje.1.02216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In children with RET proto-oncogene mutation, curative treatment of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is possible by prophylactic thyroidectomy. Recommendations on the timing and extent of thyroidectomy are based upon a model that utilises genotype-phenotype correlations to stratify mutations into three risk groups. DESIGN We evaluated the long-term outcome (mean follow-up 6.4 years, 15 patients more than 10 years, 26 patients more than 5 years) of operated gene carriers stratified into two risk groups (levels 1 and 2) based on the biological aggressiveness of MTC. RESULTS In 46 RET gene carriers, prophylactic thyroidectomy was carried out between the ages of 4 and 21 years. Level 1 mutations were harboured by 11 patients (codons 790, 791, 804 and 891). Histology was completely normal in two patients; in seven patients C-cell hyperplasia (CCH) and in two patients T1 tumours were diagnosed. All patients with level 1 mutations were cured. Level 2 mutations were harboured by 35 patients (codons 618, 620, 630 and 634). Histology of these patients showed CCH in 11 patients, T1 tumours in 21, T2 tumour in 1, T3 tumour in 1 and Tx in 1 patient. Histology showed no lymph node involvement. Five patients with level 2 mutations failed to be cured; in two patients, persistence of MTC was diagnosed directly after thyroidectomy and in three during follow-up. In two patients carrying a 634 mutation, other endocrinopathies (hyperparathyroidism and bilateral pheochromocytoma) manifested during follow-up. CONCLUSIONS If prophylactic thyroidectomy is done at early ages, cure rate is high. Timing and extent of prophylactic thyroidectomy can be modified by individual RET mutation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Frank-Raue
- Endokrinologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Vierhapper H, Rondot S, Schulze E, Wagner L, Hanslik S, Niederle B, Bieglmayer C, Kaserer K, Baumgartner-Parzer S. Primary hyperparathyroidism as the leading symptom in a patient with a Y791F RET mutation. Thyroid 2005; 15:1303-8. [PMID: 16356097 DOI: 10.1089/thy.2005.15.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP; serum calcium 2.75 mmol/L, PTH 226 pg/ml) had been the first clinical manifestation of MEN-2A in a female patient (aged 55 years) with a mutation (Y791F, TAT-->TTT) in exon 13 of the RET proto-oncogene. The patient has a pentagastrin-induced rise in serum calcitonin (up to 57 pg/ml) considered normal for noncarriers but abnormal in family members of MEN-2 patients. This is the first case of MEN-2 due to this specific mutation with primary hyperparathyroidism as the first manifestation of the disease. In addition, the patient harbored, within the Menin gene, a polymorphism (D418D) reportedly associated with sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism. This case report indicates that molecular biological tests in MEN- 2 may only suggest a certain phenotype but cannot predict it with certainty. It may also suggest that genetic screening for MEN-2 may be advisable in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and a borderline-high pentagastrin stimulation test, even in the absence of a positive family history.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Vierhapper
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department for Internal Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Frank-Raue K, Rondot S, Hoeppner W, Goretzki P, Raue F, Meng W. Coincidence of multiple endocrine neoplasia types 1 and 2: mutations in the RET protooncogene and MEN1 tumor suppressor gene in a family presenting with recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:4063-7. [PMID: 15870131 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-1759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Primary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) presents as a part of inherited syndromes such as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 1 and 2. In patients with MEN1, parathyroid hyperplasia or multiple adenomas occur in approximately 90-95%. MEN2A-related HPT is characterized by a mild hypercalcemia, which is mostly asymptomatic. OBJECTIVE Here we present a family with coexistence of MEN1 gene mutation and RET mutation. RESULTS Six family members carrying MEN1 gene mutation IVS5 + 1G>A only, one family member with RET mutation Y791F, and three family members with both MEN1 gene and RET mutation were studied. The key to diagnosis was recurrent HPT in a young male carrying RET mutation Y791F, a mutation not likely to give rise to recurrent HPT. CONCLUSION MEN1 gene mutation and RET codon 791 mutation in the same patient did not affect the typical phenotype of MEN1 or MEN2, and also the course of diseases seems to be unchanged. The reason may be that both mutations, although contributing to tumor pathogenesis, do not interact and induce a worsening of the cancer syndromes.
Collapse
|
17
|
Frank-Raue K, Buhr H, Dralle H, Klar E, Senninger N, Weber T, Rondot S, Höppner W, Raue F. Follow-up in 41 multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 A (MEN 2A) gene carriers after prophylactic thyroidectomy – problems with thyroxine substitution. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-863030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
18
|
Rondot S, Haag C, Frank-Raue K, Schulze E, Raue F. Analysis of polymorphisms in the MEN 1 gene and Calcium sensing receptor gene in sporadic primary hyperparathyroidism. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2005. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2005-862985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Hodeau JL, Anne M, Bardies I, Dooryhée E, Martinetto P, Rondot S, Salomon J, Vaughan GBM, Walter P. Synchrotron X-ray analysis and diffraction mapping in art and archaeology. Acta Crystallogr A 2004. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767304098976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
|
20
|
Rondot S, Vierhapper H, Baumgartner-Parzer S, Wagner L, Niederle B, Schulze E, Raue F. Pitfalls in the genetic diagnosis of MEN 2. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-819315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
21
|
Clausmeyer S, Dost A, Rondot S, Schulze E, Raue F, Wudy SA. Familial diabetes (MODY2) caused by a new mutation (L355P) in the glucokinase gene. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-819152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
22
|
Frank-Raue K, Heimbach C, Rondot S, Usadel KH, Meng W, Varma C, Fuchs-Hammoser R, Höppner W, Schulze E, Raue F. Hereditäres medulläres Schilddrüsenkarzinom - Genotyp - Phänotyp Charakterisierung. Dtsch Med Wochenschr 2003; 128:1998-2002. [PMID: 14508694 DOI: 10.1055/s-2003-42555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Hereditary medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is caused by germline mutations of the RET proto-oncogene. A genotype - phenotype correlation has been established, showing clustering of mutations in exons 10 and 11 in classical MEN 2 A syndrome, in exon 16 codon 918 in MEN 2 B syndrome and in exons 13-15 in familial MTC. A line of evidence suggested that the development and the aggressiveness of MTC in the different cancer syndromes is variable. Aim of this study was to compare the phenotype of exon 13-15 mutations with that of exon 11 mutation and possibly draw therapeutical consequences. PATIENTS AND METHODS We compared the phenotype of 47 patients with mutations in exon 13-15 with 66 patients with exon 11, codon 634 mutation, the classical MEN2A. Patients were further subdivided as index and screening patients. RESULTS Mean age of 19 index patients with codon 790, 791, 804 or 891 mutation was significant higher compared with 18 index patients with codon 634 mutation (mean age at diagnosis 50+/-12 years; range 30-69 y vs mean age 31+/-9 years; range 17-49 y), tumor stage at operation was favourable (C-cell hyperplasia n = 1; stage I n = 8; II n = 3; III n = 2; IV n = 2; no operation n = 1; no information n = 2 vs stage I n = 3; stage II n = 6; stage III n = 4, no information n =5), cure rate was better (56 % vs 38 %) and the death rate was lower (n = 2 vs n = 4). In screening patients no differences concerning the age, tumor stage, cure and death rate between patients with exons 13-15 and codon 634 mutations were seen. CONCLUSIONS MTC in patients with exon 790, 791, 804, 891 mutations displayed a late onset and an indolent course compared to codon 634 mutation, this has to be taken into account when recommending timing and extent of prophylactic surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Frank-Raue
- Endokrinologische Gemeinschaftspraxis, Heidelberg.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Baumgartner-Parzer SM, Schulze E, Waldhäusl W, Pauschenwein S, Rondot S, Nowotny P, Meyer K, Frisch H, Waldhauser F, Vierhapper H. Mutational spectrum of the steroid 21-hydroxylase gene in Austria: identification of a novel missense mutation. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001; 86:4771-5. [PMID: 11600539 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.86.10.7898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This study attempted an analysis of the mutational spectrum of 21-hydroxylase deficiency in 79 unrelated Austrian patients with classical and nonclassical forms of congenital adrenal hyperplasia and their respective 112 family members. Apparent large gene deletions/conversions were present in 31% of the 158 unrelated congenital adrenal hyperplasia alleles, whereas the most frequent point mutations were intron 2 splice (22.8%), I172N (15.8%), V281L (12%), and P30L (7.6%), in line with the frequencies reported for other countries. In 5 of the 12 congenital adrenal hyperplasia alleles carrying a P30L mutation the aberration is based on a single base substitution, whereas the remaining 7 represent part of a CYP21B conversion (1 allele) or CYP21B/21A hybrid gene (6 alleles), the latter characterized by a junction site before intron 2 as indicated by Southern blot, PCR, and sequence analyses. Previously described mutations were not present in 1.2% of unrelated congenital adrenal hyperplasia alleles, including one female patient presenting with severe genital virilization. Sequence analysis of the complete functional 21-hydroxylase gene revealed an as yet undescribed mutation in exon 10-Arg(426)His, which has not yet been described to represent a common pseudogene sequence. In vitro expression experiments showed the Arg(426)His mutant to exhibit only low enzyme activity toward the natural substrate 17-hydroxyprogesterone corresponding to the degree of disease manifestation in the patient in whom it was found.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S M Baumgartner-Parzer
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Vienna, Waeringer Guertel 18-20, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
We show here that the number of single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) presented on filamentous phage particles generated with antibody display phagemids can be increased by more than two orders of magnitude by using a newly developed helper phage (hyperphage). Hyperphage have a wild-type pIII phenotype and are therefore able to infect F(+) Escherichia coli cells with high efficiency; however, their lack of a functional pIII gene means that the phagemid-encoded pIII-antibody fusion is the sole source of pIII in phage assembly. This results in an considerable increase in the fraction of phage particles carrying an antibody fragment on their surface. Antigen-binding activity was increased about 400-fold by enforced oligovalent antibody display on every phage particle. When used for packaging a universal human scFv library, hyperphage improved the specific enrichment factor obtained when panning on tetanus toxin. After two panning rounds, more than 50% of the phage were found to bind to the antigen, compared to 3% when conventional M13KO7 helper phage was used. Thus, hyperphage is particularly useful in stoichiometric situations, when there is little chance that a single phage will locate the desired antigen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rondot
- Molekulargenetisches Labor Prof. Raue, Friedrich-Ebert-Anlage 28, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Rondot S, Anthony KG, Dübel S, Ida N, Wiemann S, Beyreuther K, Frost LS, Little M, Breitling F. Epitopes fused to F-pilin are incorporated into functional recombinant pili. J Mol Biol 1998; 279:589-603. [PMID: 9641980 DOI: 10.1006/jmbi.1998.1773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In order to develop a system which allows infection by an epitope-specific phage-antibody via an F-pilus expressing that epitope, a study on the expression of foreign sequences on F-pilin was undertaken. Initially, a plasmid library was constructed with random sequences encoding one to five amino acid residues fused to the C terminus of F-pilin (traA) which was used to complement an F-plasmid with an amber mutation in traA. Functional F-pilin fusions were detected using the filamentous phage, fUSE2, which transduces tetracycline resistance, as well as immunoblots using a monoclonal antiserum specific for the acetylated N terminus of pilin. All the clones selected expressed the pilin-fusions and displayed full sensitivity towards fUSE2 infection, which was indistinguishable from the wild-type F-pilin. The sequences of fUSE2-sensitive clones when compared to randomly selected clones which were not fUSE2-sensitive, revealed no obvious pattern in the amino acid residues fused to the C terminus, except for a preference for a hydrophilic amino acid at position +1. Mutating the C-terminal Leu in wt (wild-type) pilin to Ser blocked pilus assembly and fUSE2 infection; the pilin was correctly processed but the level of acetylation at the N terminus appeared to decrease. Fusing a known epitope (myc) directly to the C terminus blocked processing of F-pilin leading to loss of F-pilus assembly and function. The introduction of random sequences between traA and this epitope yielded fully recombinant, functional F-pili but this appeared to be due to processing of the extension by an unidentified protease leading to loss of the epitope. Surface expression of another epitope (G2-10) was clearly demonstrated by immuno-electron microscopy of pili with a G2-10 monoclonal antibody. A different five amino acid residue spacer between the F-pilin C terminus and the G2-10 epitope produced a system that was transfer-proficient and fUSE2-sensitive, but the pili were barely detectable by immunoblots or by electron microscopy. While the underlying rules that govern successful epitope expression at the C terminus of F-pilin remain elusive, many types of foreign sequences can be displayed with varying degrees of success. Our results also suggest that pilin sequence determines a number of steps in the complex pathway for pilus assembly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Rondot
- German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Federal Republic of Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Affiliation(s)
- S. Rondot
- LASSI/LECS DTI EP120 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - O. Aaboubi
- LASSI/LECS DTI EP120 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - J. Cazaux
- LASSI/LECS DTI EP120 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - A. Olivier
- LASSI/LECS DTI EP120 CNRS, Faculté des Sciences, B.P. 1039, 51687 Reims Cedex 2, France
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
An x-ray projection microscope equipped with a charge-coupled device camera allows direct observation of zinc (Zn(2+)) ions diffusing in aqueous hydrochloric acid solution during the corrosion of zinc foil and pellets. Time series of microradiographic images with a lateral resolution on the order of 10 micrometers allow observation of the time and spatial evolution of the colorless Zn(2+) ions in solution without any previous treatment. The concentration distribution of the ions can be quantified from these images. This technique should find applications in the biology, chemistry, and electrochemistry of aqueous solutions, allowing direct observation of the behavior and concentration fluctuations of medium or heavy ions moving in a weakly absorbing medium.
Collapse
|