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Bernard F, Dumez S, Lemière S, Platel A, Nesslany F, Deram A, Vandenbulcke F, Cuny D. Impact of cadmium on forage kale (Brassica oleracea var. viridis cv "Prover") after 3-,10- and 56-day exposure to a Cd-spiked field soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:25060-25068. [PMID: 29546517 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1636-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic element for living organisms and is widespread in metal-contaminated soils. As organisms which can grow up on these polluted areas, plants have some protection mechanisms against Cd issues. Among the plant kingdom, the Brassicaceae family includes species which are known to be able to tolerate and accumulate Cd in their tissues. In this study, Brassica oleracea var. viridis cv "Prover" was exposed to a range of artificially Cd-contaminated soils (from 2.5 up to 20 mg kg-1) during 3, 10, and 56 days and the effects on life traits, photosynthesis activity, antioxidant enzymatic activities were studied. Metal accumulation was quantified, as well as DNA damage, by means of the comet assay and immunodetection of 8-OHdG levels. Globally, B. oleracea was relatively tolerant to those Cd exposures. However, comet assay and detection of 8-OHdG revealed some DNA damage but which are not significant. According to metal accumulation analysis, B. oleracea var. viridis cv Prover could be a good candidate for alternative growing in contaminated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabien Bernard
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- LGCgE EA 4515, "Fonctionnement des écosystèmes terrestres anthropisés" Cité Scientifique, Univ Lille1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques-Université de Lille 2, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Sylvain Dumez
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques-Université de Lille 2, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - Sébastien Lemière
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- LGCgE EA 4515, "Fonctionnement des écosystèmes terrestres anthropisés" Cité Scientifique, Univ Lille1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Anne Platel
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique-Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483, 59800, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Nesslany
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique-Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483, 59800, Lille, France
| | - Annabelle Deram
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques-Université de Lille 2, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
- Faculté de Management de la Santé (ILIS)-Université de Lille 2, EA 4483, 59120, Loos, France
| | - Franck Vandenbulcke
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France.
- LGCgE EA 4515, "Fonctionnement des écosystèmes terrestres anthropisés" Cité Scientifique, Univ Lille1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Damien Cuny
- Université de Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques-Université de Lille 2, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
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Dappe V, Dumez S, Bernard F, Hanoune B, Cuny D, Dumat C, Sobanska S. The role of epicuticular waxes on foliar metal transfer and phytotoxicity in edible vegetables: case of Brassica oleracea species exposed to manufactured particles. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:20092-20106. [PMID: 30264340 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid industrialization and urbanization of intra- and peri-urban areas at the world scale are responsible for the degradation of the quality of edible crops, because of their contamination with airborne pollutants. Their consumption could lead to serious health risks. In this work, we aim to investigate the phytotoxicity induced by foliar transfer of atmospheric particles of industrial/urban origin. Leaves of cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea var. Prover) were contaminated with metal-rich particles (PbSO4 CuO and CdO) of micrometer size. A trichloroacetic acid (TCA) treatment was used to inhibit the synthesis of the epicuticular waxes in order to investigate their protective role against metallic particles toxicity. Besides the location of the particles on/in the leaves by microscopic techniques, photosynthetic activity measurements, genotoxicity assessment, and quantification of the gene expression have been studied for several durations of exposure (5, 10, and 15 days). The results show that the depletion of epicuticular waxes has a limited effect on the particle penetration in the leaf tissues. The stomatal openings appear to be the main pathway of particles entry inside the leaf tissues, as demonstrated by the overexpression of the BolC.CHLI1 gene. The effects of particles on the photosynthetic activity are limited, considering only the photosynthetic Fv/Fm parameter. The genotoxic effects were significant for the contaminated TCA-treated plants, especially after 10 days of exposure. Still, the cabbage plants are able to implement repair mechanisms quickly, and to thwart the physiological effects induced by the particles. Finally, the foliar contamination by metallic particles induces no serious damage to DNA, as observed by monitoring the BolC.OGG1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dappe
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Sylvain Dumez
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques EA4483, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, Lille, France
| | - Fabien Bernard
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques EA4483, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Hanoune
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, UMR 8522 CNRS, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Damien Cuny
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques EA4483, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, Lille, France
| | - Camille Dumat
- Université de Toulouse INP-ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université Toulouse - Le Mirail UTM-CERTOP CNRS UMR, 5044, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires UMR CNRS 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France.
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Lanier C, Bernard F, Dumez S, Leclercq-Dransart J, Lemière S, Vandenbulcke F, Nesslany F, Platel A, Devred I, Hayet A, Cuny D, Deram A. Combined toxic effects and DNA damage to two plant species exposed to binary metal mixtures (Cd/Pb). Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 167:278-287. [PMID: 30343142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Acute and long-term (3-, 10- and 56-day exposure) laboratory toxicity tests were carried out to assess the individual and combined toxic effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in Brassica oleracea and Trifolium repens. In addition to morphological parameters, this work also used comet assay to address endpoints in relation to genotoxicity. Bioaccumulation was measured to demonstrate the influence of the mixture on the concentrations of each metal in the plant. The statistical method reported by Ince et al. (1999) was used to evaluate the types of interaction between Cd and Pb in each treatment and concerning their combined effect. This study concludes that the combined effects of binary metal combinations of Cd/Pb on morphological parameters are most often additive, sometimes antagonistic and more rarely synergistic, thus extending the findings of previous publications on this subject. DNA damage analysis revealed concentration- and time-dependent interactions. Synergistic effects of mixed metals (more breaks than individually applied metals) are observed in T. repens after a short exposure. Antagonistic effects are statistically significant after 10 days-exposure, suggesting competition between metals. At 56 days, the rate of DNA damage observed in plants exposed to the Cd/Pb mixture was similar to that measured in plants exposed to lead only and was significantly lower than the rate of DNA damage induced by Cd. This supports the idea that there may be competition between metals and also strengthens the hypothesis that long-term reparation mechanisms may be implemented. Cd/Pb co-exposure does not significantly influence the bioaccumulation of each metal. It is nevertheless important to note that a statistically significant 'interaction' is not necessarily biologically relevant and should therefore be considered with caution when assessing heavy metals combined effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lanier
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - F Bernard
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France; Univ. Lille EA 4515 - LGCgE (Civil and geo-environmental research laboratory), F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - S Dumez
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - J Leclercq-Dransart
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - S Lemière
- Univ. Lille EA 4515 - LGCgE (Civil and geo-environmental research laboratory), F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - F Vandenbulcke
- Univ. Lille EA 4515 - LGCgE (Civil and geo-environmental research laboratory), F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - F Nesslany
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Platel
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - I Devred
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Hayet
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - D Cuny
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
| | - A Deram
- Univ. Lille, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483 - IMPECS (IMPact of Environmental ChemicalS on human health), F-59000 Lille, France
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Gruhn G, Dumez S, Moreau PA, Roy M, Morreale O, Schimann H, Courtecuisse R. The Genus Resinicium in French Guiana and the West Indies: a Morphological and Molecular Survey, Revealing Resinicium grandisporum sp. nov. CRYPTOGAMIE MYCOL 2017. [DOI: 10.7872/crym/v38.iss4.2017.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gérald Gruhn
- Office National des Forêts, 5 avenue Mirandol, 48000, Mende, France
| | - Sylvain Dumez
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, EA 4483 IMPECS, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Pierre-Arthur Moreau
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, EA 4483 IMPECS, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Mélanie Roy
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) — CNRS, Toulouse, France, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Orinne Morreale
- Laboratoire Évolution et Diversité Biologique, Université Paul Sabatier (UPS) — CNRS, Toulouse, France, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse, France
| | - Heidy Schimann
- INRA — UMR Écologie des Forêts de Guyane (AgroParisTech, CIRAD, CNRS, Université de Guyane, Université des Antilles), 97310, Kourou, France
| | - Régis Courtecuisse
- Université de Lille, Faculté de Pharmacie, Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, EA 4483 IMPECS, 59000, Lille, France
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Bernard F, Dumez S, Brulle F, Lemière S, Platel A, Nesslany F, Cuny D, Deram A, Vandenbulcke F. Antioxidant defense gene analysis in Brassica oleracea and Trifolium repens exposed to Cd and/or Pb. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:3136-51. [PMID: 26514569 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5636-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
This study focused on the expression analysis of antioxidant defense genes in Brassica oleracea and in Trifolium repens. Plants were exposed for 3, 10, and 56 days in microcosms to a field-collected suburban soil spiked by low concentrations of cadmium and/or lead. In both species, metal accumulations and expression levels of genes encoding proteins involved and/or related to antioxidant defense systems (glutathione transferases, peroxidases, catalases, metallothioneins) were quantified in leaves in order to better understand the detoxification processes involved following exposure to metals. It appeared that strongest gene expression variations in T. repens were observed when plants are exposed to Cd (metallothionein and ascorbate peroxidase upregulations) whereas strongest variations in B. oleracea were observed in case of Cd/Pb co-exposures (metallothionein, glutathione transferase, and peroxidase upregulations). Results also suggest that there is a benefit to use complementary species in order to better apprehend the biological effects in ecotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bernard
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement EA4515, Université Lille Nord de France-Lille 1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - S Dumez
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - F Brulle
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - S Lemière
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement EA4515, Université Lille Nord de France-Lille 1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - A Platel
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483, 59800, Lille, France
| | - F Nesslany
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique, Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483, 59800, Lille, France
| | - D Cuny
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - A Deram
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Lille, EA4483, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
- Faculté de Management de la Santé (ILIS), Université de Lille, EA4483, F-59120, Loos, France
| | - F Vandenbulcke
- Université de Lille, F-59000, Lille, France.
- Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement EA4515, Université Lille Nord de France-Lille 1, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Lanier C, Bernard F, Dumez S, Leclercq J, Lemière S, Vandenbulcke F, Nesslany F, Platel A, Devred I, Cuny D, Deram A. Combined effect of Cd and Pb spiked field soils on bioaccumulation, DNA damage, and peroxidase activities in Trifolium repens. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2016; 23:1755-1767. [PMID: 26396009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the combined effects of Cd and Pb on accumulation and genotoxic potential in white clover (Trifolium repens). For this purpose, T. repens was exposed to contaminated soils (2.5-20 mg kg(-1) cadmium (Cd), 250-2000 mg kg(-1) lead (Pb) and a mixture of these two heavy metals) for 3, 10 and 56 days. The resulting bioaccumulation of Cd and Pb, DNA damage (comet assay) and peroxidase activities (APOX and GPOX) were determined. The exposure time is a determinant factor in experiments designed to measure the influence of heavy metal contamination. The accumulation of Cd or Pb resulting from exposure to the two-metal mixture does not appear to depend significantly on whether the white clover is exposed to soil containing one heavy metal or both. However, when T. repens is exposed to a Cd/Pb mixture, the percentage of DNA damage is lower than when the plant is exposed to monometallic Cd. DNA damage is close to that observed in the case of monometallic Pb exposure. Peroxidase activity cannot be associated with DNA damage under these experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lanier
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques (EA 4483), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille Droit et Santé, F-59006, Lille Cedex, France.
- Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé (EA 4483), Université Lille Droit et Santé, 42 rue Ambroise Paré, F-59120, Loos, France.
| | - F Bernard
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques (EA 4483), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille Droit et Santé, F-59006, Lille Cedex, France
- LGCgE (EA 4515), Université Lille Sciences et Technolohgies, Cité scientifique, bâtiment SN3-Rdc, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - S Dumez
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques (EA 4483), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille Droit et Santé, F-59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - J Leclercq
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques (EA 4483), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille Droit et Santé, F-59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - S Lemière
- LGCgE (EA 4515), Université Lille Sciences et Technolohgies, Cité scientifique, bâtiment SN3-Rdc, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - F Vandenbulcke
- LGCgE (EA 4515), Université Lille Sciences et Technolohgies, Cité scientifique, bâtiment SN3-Rdc, F-59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - F Nesslany
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique (EA 4483), Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr Calmette BP245, F-59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - A Platel
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie Génétique (EA 4483), Institut Pasteur de Lille, 1 rue du Pr Calmette BP245, F-59019, Lille Cedex, France
| | - I Devred
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques (EA 4483), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille Droit et Santé, F-59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - D Cuny
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques (EA 4483), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille Droit et Santé, F-59006, Lille Cedex, France
| | - A Deram
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques (EA 4483), Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille Droit et Santé, F-59006, Lille Cedex, France
- Faculté Ingénierie et Management de la Santé (EA 4483), Université Lille Droit et Santé, 42 rue Ambroise Paré, F-59120, Loos, France
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Bernard F, Brulle F, Dumez S, Lemiere S, Platel A, Nesslany F, Cuny D, Deram A, Vandenbulcke F. Antioxidant responses of Annelids, Brassicaceae and Fabaceae to pollutants: a review. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2015; 114:273-303. [PMID: 24951273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2014.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Pollutants, such as Metal Trace Elements (MTEs) and organic compounds (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides), can impact DNA structure of living organisms and thus generate damage. For instance, cadmium is a well-known genotoxic and mechanisms explaining its clastogenicity are mainly indirect: inhibition of DNA repair mechanisms and/or induction of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Animal or vegetal cells use antioxidant defense systems to protect themselves against ROS produced during oxidative stress. Because tolerance of organisms depends, at least partially, on their ability to cope with ROS, the mechanisms of production and management of ROS were investigated a lot in Ecotoxicology as markers of biotic and abiotic stress. This was mainly done through the measurement of enzyme activities The present Review focuses on 3 test species living in close contact with soil that are often used in soil ecotoxicology: the worm Eisenia fetida, and two plant species, Trifolium repens (white clover) and Brassica oleracea (cabbage). E. fetida is a soil-dwelling organism commonly used for biomonitoring. T. repens is a symbiotic plant species which forms root nodule with soil bacteria, while B. oleracea is a non-symbiotic plant. In literature, some oxidative stress enzyme activities have already been measured in those species but such analyses do not allow distinction between individual enzyme involvements in oxidative stress. Gene expression studies would allow this distinction at the transcriptomic level. A literature review and a data search in molecular database were carried out on the basis of keywords in Scopus, in PubMed and in Genbank™ for each species. Molecular data regarding E. fetida were already available in databases, but a lack of data regarding oxidative stress related genes was observed for T. repens and B. oleracea. By exploiting the conservation observed between species and using molecular biology techniques, we partially cloned missing candidates involved in oxidative stress and in metal detoxification in E. fetida, T. repens and B. oleracea.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Bernard
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement EA4515 - Université Lille Nord de France - Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France; Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Université de Lille 2, EA4483, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - F Brulle
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Université de Lille 2, EA4483, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - S Dumez
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Université de Lille 2, EA4483, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - S Lemiere
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement EA4515 - Université Lille Nord de France - Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - A Platel
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Toxicologie - Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483, F-59800 Lille, France
| | - F Nesslany
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Toxicologie - Institut Pasteur de Lille, EA 4483, F-59800 Lille, France
| | - D Cuny
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Université de Lille 2, EA4483, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France
| | - A Deram
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques - Université de Lille 2, EA4483, F-59006 Lille Cedex, France; Faculté de Management de la Santé (ILIS) - Université de Lille 2, EA4483, F-59120 Loos, France
| | - F Vandenbulcke
- Université Lille Nord de France, F-59000 Lille, France; Laboratoire de Génie Civil et géo-Environnement EA4515 - Université Lille Nord de France - Lille 1, Ecologie Numérique et Ecotoxicologie, F-59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
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Brulle F, Bernard F, Vandenbulcke F, Cuny D, Dumez S. Identification of suitable qPCR reference genes in leaves of Brassica oleracea under abiotic stresses. Ecotoxicology 2014; 23:459-71. [PMID: 24566730 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-014-1209-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Real-time quantitative PCR is nowadays a standard method to study gene expression variations in various samples and experimental conditions. However, to interpret results accurately, data normalization with appropriate reference genes appears to be crucial. The present study describes the identification and the validation of suitable reference genes in Brassica oleracea leaves. Expression stability of eight candidates was tested following drought and cold abiotic stresses by using three different softwares (BestKeeper, NormFinder and geNorm). Four genes (BolC.TUB6, BolC.SAND1, BolC.UBQ2 and BolC.TBP1) emerged as the most stable across the tested conditions. Further gene expression analysis of a drought- and a cold-responsive gene (BolC.DREB2A and BolC.ELIP, respectively), confirmed the stability and the reliability of the identified reference genes when used for normalization in the leaves of B. oleracea. These four genes were finally tested upon a benzene exposure and all appeared to be useful reference genes along this toxicological condition. These results provide a good starting point for future studies involving gene expression measurement on leaves of B. oleracea exposed to environmental modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Brulle
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques, Faculté des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Lille Nord de France, EA 4483, Lille 2, B.P. 83, 59006, Lille Cedex, France
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Dumez S, Wattebled F, Dauvillee D, Delvalle D, Planchot V, Ball SG, D'Hulst C. Mutants of Arabidopsis lacking starch branching enzyme II substitute plastidial starch synthesis by cytoplasmic maltose accumulation. Plant Cell 2006; 18:2694-709. [PMID: 17028209 PMCID: PMC1626616 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.105.037671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Three genes, BE1, BE2, and BE3, which potentially encode isoforms of starch branching enzymes, have been found in the genome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Although no impact on starch structure was observed in null be1 mutants, modifications in amylopectin structure analogous to those of other branching enzyme II mutants were detected in be2 and be3. No impact on starch content was found in any of the single mutant lines. Moreover, three double mutant combinations were produced (be1 be2, be1 be3, and be2 be3), and the impact of the mutations on starch content and structure was analyzed. Our results suggest that BE1 has no apparent function for the synthesis of starch in the leaves, as both be1 be2 and be1 be3 double mutants display the same phenotype as be2 and be3 separately. However, starch synthesis was abolished in be2 be3, while high levels of alpha-maltose were assayed in the cytosol. This result indicates that the functions of both BE2 and BE3, which belong to class II starch branching enzymes, are largely redundant in Arabidopsis. Moreover, we demonstrate that maltose accumulation depends on the presence of an active ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase and that the cytosolic transglucosidase DISPROPORTIONATING ENZYME2, required for maltose metabolization, is specific for beta-maltose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Dumez
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionelle, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8576, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Delvallé D, Dumez S, Wattebled F, Roldán I, Planchot V, Berbezy P, Colonna P, Vyas D, Chatterjee M, Ball S, Mérida A, D'Hulst C. Soluble starch synthase I: a major determinant for the synthesis of amylopectin in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves. Plant J 2005; 43:398-412. [PMID: 16045475 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-313x.2005.02462.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A minimum of four soluble starch synthase families have been documented in all starch-storing green plants. These activities are involved in amylopectin synthesis and are extremely well conserved throughout the plant kingdom. Mutants or transgenic plants defective for SSII and SSIII isoforms have been previously shown to have a large and specific impact on the synthesis of amylopectin while the function of the SSI type of enzymes has remained elusive. We report here that Arabidopsis mutants, lacking a plastidial starch synthase isoform belonging to the SSI family, display a major and novel type of structural alteration within their amylopectin. Comparative analysis of beta-limit dextrins for both wild type and mutant amylopectins suggests a specific and crucial function of SSI during the synthesis of transient starch in Arabidopsis leaves. Considering our own characterization of SSI activity and the previously described kinetic properties of maize SSI, our results suggest that the function of SSI is mainly involved in the synthesis of small outer chains during amylopectin cluster synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Delvallé
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, UMR8576 CNRS/USTL, IFR 118, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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Wattebled F, Dong Y, Dumez S, Delvallé D, Planchot V, Berbezy P, Vyas D, Colonna P, Chatterjee M, Ball S, D'Hulst C. Mutants of Arabidopsis lacking a chloroplastic isoamylase accumulate phytoglycogen and an abnormal form of amylopectin. Plant Physiol 2005. [PMID: 15849301 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.059295.amylopectin-trimming] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mutant lines defective for each of the four starch debranching enzyme (DBE) genes (AtISA1, AtISA2, AtISA3, and AtPU1) detected in the nuclear genome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were produced and analyzed. Our results indicate that both AtISA1 and AtISA2 are required for the production of a functional isoamylase-type of DBE named Iso1, the major isoamylase activity found in leaves. The absence of Iso1 leads to an 80% decrease in the starch content in both lines and to the accumulation of water-soluble polysaccharides whose structure is similar to glycogen. In addition, the residual amylopectin structure in the corresponding mutant lines displays a strong modification when compared to the wild type, suggesting a direct, rather than an indirect, function of Iso1 during the synthesis of amylopectin. Mutant lines carrying a defect in AtISA3 display a strong starch-excess phenotype at the end of both the light and the dark phases accompanied by a small modification of the amylopectin structure. This result suggests that this isoamylase-type of DBE plays a major role during starch mobilization. The analysis of the Atpu1 single-mutant lines did not lead to a distinctive phenotype. However, Atisa2/Atpu1 double-mutant lines display a 92% decrease in starch content. This suggests that the function of pullulanase partly overlaps that of Iso1, although its implication remains negligible when Iso1 is present within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Wattebled
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
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Wattebled F, Dong Y, Dumez S, Delvallé D, Planchot V, Berbezy P, Vyas D, Colonna P, Chatterjee M, Ball S, D'Hulst C. Mutants of Arabidopsis lacking a chloroplastic isoamylase accumulate phytoglycogen and an abnormal form of amylopectin. Plant Physiol 2005; 138:184-95. [PMID: 15849301 PMCID: PMC1104174 DOI: 10.1104/pp.105.059295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2005] [Revised: 03/01/2005] [Accepted: 03/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mutant lines defective for each of the four starch debranching enzyme (DBE) genes (AtISA1, AtISA2, AtISA3, and AtPU1) detected in the nuclear genome of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were produced and analyzed. Our results indicate that both AtISA1 and AtISA2 are required for the production of a functional isoamylase-type of DBE named Iso1, the major isoamylase activity found in leaves. The absence of Iso1 leads to an 80% decrease in the starch content in both lines and to the accumulation of water-soluble polysaccharides whose structure is similar to glycogen. In addition, the residual amylopectin structure in the corresponding mutant lines displays a strong modification when compared to the wild type, suggesting a direct, rather than an indirect, function of Iso1 during the synthesis of amylopectin. Mutant lines carrying a defect in AtISA3 display a strong starch-excess phenotype at the end of both the light and the dark phases accompanied by a small modification of the amylopectin structure. This result suggests that this isoamylase-type of DBE plays a major role during starch mobilization. The analysis of the Atpu1 single-mutant lines did not lead to a distinctive phenotype. However, Atisa2/Atpu1 double-mutant lines display a 92% decrease in starch content. This suggests that the function of pullulanase partly overlaps that of Iso1, although its implication remains negligible when Iso1 is present within the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Wattebled
- Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, Université des Sciences et Technologies de Lille, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq cedex, France
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Manzi DL, Dumez S, Scott LB, Nulsen JC. Selective use of leuprolide acetate in women undergoing superovulation with intrauterine insemination results in significant improvement in pregnancy outcome. Fertil Steril 1995; 63:866-73. [PMID: 7890076 DOI: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)57495-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the incidence of premature luteinization in individuals undergoing hMG with IUI therapy, the association between premature luteinization, cycle fecundity, and pregnancy outcome, and to determine if the selective use of leuprolide acetate (LA) in women demonstrating premature luteinization improves pregnancy outcome in subsequent hMG with IUI cycles. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective analysis of superovulation cycles from January 1990 until December 1991 at the University of Connecticut Health Center. PATIENTS All women with ovulatory function undergoing hMG superovulation with IUI. INTERVENTIONS All patients were tested for evidence of premature luteinization. Those demonstrating premature luteinization were started on LA in the luteal phase in their subsequent hMG with IUI cycle. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Peak serum E2, the number of mature preovulatory follicles, the number of ampules of hMG, days of hMG therapy, cycle fecundity, and spontaneous abortion rate. RESULTS Thirty-three percent of all hMG with IUI patients showed evidence of premature luteinization, with premature luteinization occurring in 22.2% of conception cycles and 37.4% of nonconception cycles. For those women who demonstrated premature luteinization in their conception cycle, 90.0% of the pregnancies ended with either spontaneous abortion or were biochemical in nature compared with 44.3% in the cycles without evidence of premature luteinization. Cycle fecundity was 11.1% in patients demonstrating premature luteinization compared with 26.3% for patients without premature luteinization. All women demonstrating premature luteinization and not conceiving were placed on LA in the luteal phase and had a subsequent cycle fecundity of 18.9% with the percent pregnancy wastage being significantly less (33.3% versus 90.0%) when LA was used. CONCLUSIONS Premature luteinization is a common occurrence during hMG therapy and is associated with decreased cycle fecundity and an increased incidence of spontaneous abortion and biochemical pregnancies. The selective use of LA in those individuals demonstrating premature luteinization results in a significant increase in the percent of women conceiving a viable pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Manzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington
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Nulsen JC, Walsh S, Dumez S, Metzger DA. A randomized and longitudinal study of human menopausal gonadotropin with intrauterine insemination in the treatment of infertility. Obstet Gynecol 1993; 82:780-6. [PMID: 8414326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study in a randomized and longitudinal manner the efficacy of human menopausal gonadotropin (hMG) superovulation combined with intrauterine insemination (IUI) versus IUI alone in the treatment of various causes of infertility in the presence of normal ovulation. METHODS An initially randomized and subsequently longitudinal study of infertile couples was performed at a university-based clinical research center. One hundred nineteen couples with longstanding infertility (average duration 3.7 years) associated with male factor infertility, unexplained infertility, and/or endometriosis were enrolled. All patients were randomized in the initial cycle to treatment with either hMG/IUI or urine LH-timed IUI alone. They were then followed longitudinally as they alternated subsequent cycles between the two modalities. Outcome indices measured were cycle fecundity, pregnancy outcome, and cumulative pregnancy rates evaluated by life-table analysis. RESULTS Human menopausal gonadotropin/IUI therapy was consistently more effective than IUI alone in the treatment of endometriosis, male factor infertility, and unexplained infertility, with cycle fecundities ranging from 7.1-19.0% versus 0-6.7%, respectively, during the first seven cycles. CONCLUSION Human menopausal gonadotropin/IUI is a more effective therapy for enhancing fertility than is IUI alone for the treatment of endometriosis, male factor infertility, and unexplained infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Nulsen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington
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