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Andrade GC, Santana BVN, Rinaldi MCS, Ferreira SO, Silva RCD, Silva LCD. Leaf surface traits related to differential particle adsorption - A case study of two tropical legumes. Sci Total Environ 2022; 823:153681. [PMID: 35134410 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to test a set of epidermal traits in two legume species with contrasting chemical, physical, and micromorphological leaf-surface features to assess which ones would determine higher PM retention. For that, we performed a biomonitoring study in southeastern Brazil at the Steel Valley Metropolitan Region, where there is predominance of steel industry and one of the largest vehicle fleets in the country. A reference station was installed at a neighboring park. We evaluated leaf-surface roughness at two hierarchical levels, leaf wettability, epidermal-cell anticlinal-wall undulation, epidermal-cell perimeter, and the micromorphology and chemical composition of epicuticular waxes. Particle retention was significantly higher in Paubrasilia echinata than in Libidibia ferrea var. leiostachya, the former of which has lower roughness given by both the epidermal tissue (macro-roughness; 0.6 vs 2.6 μm) and epicuticular waxes (micro-roughness; 68 vs 220 nm), higher leaf wettability (82° vs 143°), lower epidermal-cell undulation index (1.2 vs 1.8), lower epidermal-cell perimeter (93 vs 146 μm), wax deposition in the form of a smooth layer (as opposed to densely aggregated rosettes of vertical platelets), and more polar wax chemical constitution (68% vs 47% of polar compounds). While all of the assessed traits contributed to particle retention, canonical loadings revealed that macro-roughness was the trait that contributed the most to the retention of PM2.5 (ca = 1.47; r = -0.56), PM10 (ca = 1.08; r = -0.61), PM100 (ca = -4.95; r = -0.39) and TSP (ca = 0.98; r = -0.62), although this trait was shown by factor analysis to be secondary in distinguishing between species (0.92 contribution to the second axis). Our findings shed new light on the criteria that should be considered when selecting species for green infrastructure aiming to reduce urban air pollution, as well as on novel possibilities for PM biomonitoring in the tropics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme Carvalho Andrade
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Brenda Vila Nova Santana
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Mirian Cilene Spasiani Rinaldi
- Research Center for Ecology, Instituto de Pesquisas Ambientais, Av. Miguel Stéfano, 3687, Água Funda, Caixa Postal 68041, 04045-972 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sukarno Olavo Ferreira
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Renê Chagas da Silva
- Department of Physics, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil
| | - Luzimar Campos da Silva
- Department of Plant Biology, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. PH Rolfs s/n, 36570-900 Viçosa, MG, Brazil.
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Łukowski A, Popek R, Karolewski P. Particulate matter on foliage of Betula pendula, Quercus robur, and Tilia cordata: deposition and ecophysiology. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:10296-10307. [PMID: 31933074 PMCID: PMC7118030 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-07672-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Trees in urban and industrial areas significantly help to limit the amount of particulate matter (PM) suspended in the air, but PM has a negative impact on their life. The amount of PM gathered on leaves depends on quantity, size, and morphology of leaves and can also be increased by the presence of epicuticular waxes, in which PM can become stuck or immersed. In this study, we determined the ability of PM to accumulate on leaves in relation to the species of tree and PM source. We tested saplings of three common European tree species (Betula pendula, Quercus robur, and Tilia cordata) by experimentally polluting them with PM from different sources (cement, construction, and roadside PM), and then assessing the effects of PM on plant growth and ecophysiology. In all studied species, we have found two types of PM accumulation: a layer on the leaf surface and an in-wax layer. Results showed that the studied species accumulate PM on their leaf blade, reducing the efficiency of its photosynthetic apparatus, which in a broader sense can be considered a reduction in the plants' normal functioning. Saplings of Q. robur suffered the least, whereas B. pendula (especially photosynthetic rate and conductivity) and T. cordata (especially increase in leader shoot length) exhibited greater negative effects. The foliage of B. pendula collected the most PM, followed by Q. robur, and then T. cordata, regardless of the dust's source. All tested species showed a tendency for higher wax production when growing under PM pollution stress. We believe that, potentially, B. pendula best enhances the quality of the PM-contaminated environment; however, faster leaf fall, reduced productivity, and worse quality of wood should be considered in urban forest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Łukowski
- Faculty of Forestry, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 71c, 60-625, Poznań, Poland.
- Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Robert Popek
- Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
- Section of Basic Research in Horticulture, Department of Plant Protection, Institute of Horticultural Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Karolewski
- Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035, Kórnik, Poland
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Dappe V, Dumez S, Bernard F, Hanoune B, Cuny D, Dumat C, Sobanska S. The role of epicuticular waxes on foliar metal transfer and phytotoxicity in edible vegetables: case of Brassica oleracea species exposed to manufactured particles. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2019; 26:20092-20106. [PMID: 30264340 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid industrialization and urbanization of intra- and peri-urban areas at the world scale are responsible for the degradation of the quality of edible crops, because of their contamination with airborne pollutants. Their consumption could lead to serious health risks. In this work, we aim to investigate the phytotoxicity induced by foliar transfer of atmospheric particles of industrial/urban origin. Leaves of cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea var. Prover) were contaminated with metal-rich particles (PbSO4 CuO and CdO) of micrometer size. A trichloroacetic acid (TCA) treatment was used to inhibit the synthesis of the epicuticular waxes in order to investigate their protective role against metallic particles toxicity. Besides the location of the particles on/in the leaves by microscopic techniques, photosynthetic activity measurements, genotoxicity assessment, and quantification of the gene expression have been studied for several durations of exposure (5, 10, and 15 days). The results show that the depletion of epicuticular waxes has a limited effect on the particle penetration in the leaf tissues. The stomatal openings appear to be the main pathway of particles entry inside the leaf tissues, as demonstrated by the overexpression of the BolC.CHLI1 gene. The effects of particles on the photosynthetic activity are limited, considering only the photosynthetic Fv/Fm parameter. The genotoxic effects were significant for the contaminated TCA-treated plants, especially after 10 days of exposure. Still, the cabbage plants are able to implement repair mechanisms quickly, and to thwart the physiological effects induced by the particles. Finally, the foliar contamination by metallic particles induces no serious damage to DNA, as observed by monitoring the BolC.OGG1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dappe
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Sylvain Dumez
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques EA4483, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, Lille, France
| | - Fabien Bernard
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques EA4483, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Hanoune
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, UMR 8522 CNRS, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Damien Cuny
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques EA4483, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, Lille, France
| | - Camille Dumat
- Université de Toulouse INP-ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université Toulouse - Le Mirail UTM-CERTOP CNRS UMR, 5044, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires UMR CNRS 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France.
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Popek R, Przybysz A, Gawrońska H, Klamkowski K, Gawroński SW. Impact of particulate matter accumulation on the photosynthetic apparatus of roadside woody plants growing in the urban conditions. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2018; 163:56-62. [PMID: 30036757 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is one of the most harmful inhaled pollutants. When pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere, the only possible method for cleaning the air is through phytoremediation, where plants act as biological filters for pollutants. However, PM also has negative impacts on plants, although knowledge concerning the effects of PM on vegetation remains limited. In this work, an attempt was therefore made to define the amount of PM and waxes on foliage, and to evaluate the efficiency of the photosynthetic apparatus in seven plant species (three trees, three shrubs and one climber) grown in two locations (centre and suburbs of Warsaw) that differed in their level of PM pollution in the air. More PM and waxes accumulated on the foliage of plants grown in the highly polluted location. These plants also exhibited a lowered efficiency of their photosynthetic apparatus, manifested by a lower photosynthesis rate that corresponded with an increased stomatal resistance. Plants grown in the more polluted environment also showed decreased values of Fv/Fm parameter and no statistically significant trend to increase total chlorophyll content. Among the tested species, Betula pendula Roth accumulated the greatest amount of PM and Physocarpus opulifolius L. showed no weakening of its parameters of photosynthesis in a more contaminated environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Popek
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Ecology, Institute of Dendrology Polish Academy of Sciences, Parkowa 5, 62-035 Kórnik, Poland.
| | - Arkadiusz Przybysz
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Helena Gawrońska
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Klamkowski
- Research Institute of Horticulture, Pomologiczna 18, 96-100 Skierniewice, Poland.
| | - Stanisław W Gawroński
- Laboratory of Basic Research in Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture, Biotechnology and Landscape Architecture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland.
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Tang Y, Zhang W, Yin YL, Feng P, Li HL, Chang Y. Expression of ovate family protein 8 affects epicuticular waxes accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana. Bot Stud 2018; 59:12. [PMID: 29691677 PMCID: PMC5915979 DOI: 10.1186/s40529-018-0228-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transcription factors could regulate multiple aspects of plants growth and development, which is significant to plants. Ovate family proteins (OFPs) that are named due to contain OVATE domain, a 70-AA C-terminal conserved domain from the protein OVATE gene encodes, are plant-specific transcription factors family. Some members of OFPs have been shown to function as transcription factors to regulate plant growth and development, but little is known about the function of AtOFP8. RESULTS Here, we found AtOFP8 maybe involve in transcriptional regulation of the epicuticular waxes in Arabidopsis thaliana. First, we observed that the distribution of epicuticular waxes of wild type plants was more than that of Atofp8-1 deletion mutants, but less than that of 35S:HA-AtOFP8 transgenic overexpression lines not only on the leaves but also on the stems utilizing scanning electron microscopes. Second, we extracted waxes from leaves and stems of three types of plants respectively to measure the waxes content and composition by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS), and the results of the total content of waxes were consistent with the results of scanning electron microscopes. Finally, we found that the expression of 12 genes related to the synthesis and metabolism of waxes was changed in the Atofp8-1 mutants and 35S:HA-AtOFP8 transgenic lines compared with wild type plants. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that AtOFP8 could change the accumulation of epicuticular waxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Tang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Keshan Branch of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Keshan, 160000 Heilongjiang Province China
| | - Yan-Li Yin
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Peng Feng
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
| | - Hong-ling Li
- College of Pharmacy, Qiqihar Medical University, Qiqihar, 161006 China
| | - Ying Chang
- Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030 China
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Nadiminti PP, Rookes JE, Boyd BJ, Cahill DM. Confocal laser scanning microscopy elucidation of the micromorphology of the leaf cuticle and analysis of its chemical composition. Protoplasma 2015; 252:1475-1486. [PMID: 25712592 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0777-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Electron microscopy techniques such as transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) have been invaluable tools for the study of the micromorphology of plant cuticles. However, for electron microscopy, the preparation techniques required may invariably introduce artefacts in cuticle preservation. Further, there are a limited number of methods available for quantifying the image data obtained through electron microscopy. Therefore, in this study, optical microscopy techniques were coupled with staining procedures and, along with SEM were used to qualitatively and quantitatively assess the ultrastructure of plant leaf cuticles. Leaf cryosections of Triticum aestivum (wheat), Zea mays (maize), and Lupinus angustifolius (lupin) were stained with either fat-soluble azo stain Sudan IV or fluorescent, diarylmethane Auramine O and were observed under confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). For all the plant species tested, the cuticle on the leaf surfaces could be clearly resolved in many cases into cuticular proper (CP), external cuticular layer (ECL), and internal cuticular layer (ICL). Novel image data analysis procedures for quantifying the epicuticular wax micromorphology were developed, and epicuticular waxes of L. angustifolius were described here for the first time. Together, application of a multifaceted approach involving the use of a range of techniques to study the plant cuticle has led to a better understanding of cuticular structure and provides new insights into leaf surface architecture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavani P Nadiminti
- School of life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
| | - James E Rookes
- School of life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia
| | - Ben J Boyd
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University Parkville Campus, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - David M Cahill
- School of life and Environmental Sciences, Centre for Chemistry and Biotechnology, Deakin University, Geelong Campus at Waurn Ponds, Geelong, VIC, 3217, Australia.
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Barnes JD, Brown KA. The influence of ozone and acid mist on the amount and wettability of the surface waxes in Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.]. New Phytol 1990; 114:531-535. [PMID: 33873965 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1990.tb00421.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three-year old Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) Karst.] trees from two clones (4076 and 4102) of a medium altitude southern German provenance were transplanted in May 1986 into an acid brown earth soil. During the summers of 1987 and 1988 the trees were exposed in large-scale fumigation chambers (solardomes) to ozone at 100 or 20 nl 1-1 (control). Acid (pH 3.6) or control mist (pH 5.5) was applied daily to trees. The wettability of current and 1-year-old needles was assessed in November 1988 by measuring the contact angle of water droplets placed on needles, and the amount of surface wax was determined. The contact angle of water droplets on current and 1-year-old needles was significantly reduced by 100 nl 1-1 PPB ozone and/or acid mist, indicating that the wettability had increased, but the combined effect of ozone and acid mist was no more than additive. Exposure to the pollutants resulted in a slight decrease in the quantity of surface wax, but the effect was not significant. Ozone and acid mist treatment also increased the projected area of needles relative to their dry weight. The possible involvement of such effects in forest decline are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Barnes
- Department of Biology, Ridley Building, The University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE1 7RU
| | - K A Brown
- National Power, Technology and Environmental Centre, Kelvin Avenue, Leatherhead, Surrey, KT22 7SE†
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