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Lacerda SMSN, Costa GMJ, Campos-Junior PHA, Segatelli TM, Yazawa R, Takeuchi Y, Morita T, Yoshizaki G, França LR. Germ cell transplantation as a potential biotechnological approach to fish reproduction. Fish Physiol Biochem 2013; 39:3-11. [PMID: 22290474 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-012-9606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although the use of germ cell transplantation has been relatively well established in mammals, the technique has only been adapted for use in fish after entering the 2000s. During the last decade, several different approaches have been developed for germ cell transplantation in fish using recipients of various ages and life stages, such as blastula-stage embryos, newly hatched larvae and sexually mature specimens. As germ cells can develop into live organisms through maturation and fertilization processes, germ cell transplantation in fish has opened up new avenues of research in reproductive biotechnology and aquaculture. For instance, the use of xenotransplantation in fish has lead to advances in the conservation of endangered species and the production of commercially valuable fish using surrogated recipients. Further, this could also facilitate the engineering of transgenic fish. However, as is the case with mammals, knowledge regarding the basic biology and physiology of germline stem cells in fish remains incomplete, imposing a considerable limitation on the application of germ cell transplantation in fish. Furthering our understanding of germline stem cells would contribute significantly to advances regarding germ cell transplantation in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M S N Lacerda
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil
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Lacerda SMSN, Batlouni SR, Costa GMJ, Segatelli TM, Quirino BR, Queiroz BM, Kalapothakis E, França LR. A new and fast technique to generate offspring after germ cells transplantation in adult fish: the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) model. PLoS One 2010; 5:e10740. [PMID: 20505774 PMCID: PMC2873995 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0010740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germ cell transplantation results in fertile recipients and is the only available approach to functionally investigate the spermatogonial stem cell biology in mammals and probably in other vertebrates. In the current study, we describe a novel non-surgical methodology for efficient spermatogonial transplantation into the testes of adult tilapia (O. niloticus), in which endogenous spermatogenesis had been depleted with the cytostatic drug busulfan. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Using two different tilapia strains, the production of fertile spermatozoa with donor characteristics was demonstrated in adult recipient, which also sired progeny with the donor genotype. Also, after cryopreservation tilapia spermatogonial cells were able to differentiate to spermatozoa in the testes of recipient fishes. These findings indicate that injecting germ cells directly into adult testis facilitates and enable fast generation of donor spermatogenesis and offspring compared to previously described methods. CONCLUSION Therefore, a new suitable methodology for biotechnological investigations in aquaculture was established, with a high potential to improve the production of commercially valuable fish, generate transgenic animals and preserve endangered fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samyra M. S. N. Lacerda
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sergio R. Batlouni
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- São Paulo State University, Aquaculture Center (CAUNESP), Jaboticabal, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M. J. Costa
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tânia M. Segatelli
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruno R. Quirino
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Evanguedes Kalapothakis
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Molecular Markers, Department of General Biology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luiz R. França
- Laboratory of Cellular Biology, Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Pinheiro PFF, Segatelli TM, Francia CCDA, Martinez M, Padovani CR, Franchi MR, Martinez FE. Morphologic changes in the urethral epithelium in an ethanol-drinking rat strain (UChA and UChB). Micron 2007; 38:734-46. [PMID: 17624793 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2007.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2007] [Revised: 05/17/2007] [Accepted: 05/18/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The extreme use of ethanol causes metabolic and pathologic changes in testes and urogenital system in different animal species. The enzyme alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) catalyses the conversion of ethanol into carcinogenic metabolite acetaldehyde which is partly excreted into the urine. However, papers relating the chronic ethanol consumption to the urethral morphology are unknown. This work evaluates the toxic effect of the chronic ethanol ingestion on the urethral epithelium of UChA and UChB rats. Conventional techniques of histology, histochemistry, immunohistochemistry and ultrastructural analysis were used. The analysis showed the presence of lipid drops and intercellular spaces in the epithelial cells in the urethra of UChA and UChB rats compared to control rats. Urethral neuroendocrine cell were observed and characterized for presenting vesicles containing electron-dense granules associated with nervous fibers. We conclude that the chronic consumption of ethanol induces the presence lipid drops in the epithelial cells of the urethra of UChA and UChB rats. The NE cells of the urethra of UChA and UChB rats did not show alterations under chronic effect of the ethanol.
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Martinez M, Milton FA, de Oliveira SA, Reis GS, Pereira S, Segatelli TM, Pinheiro PFF, Almeida CCD, Cagnon VHA, Mello W, Padovani CR, Martinez FE. Morphological alterations on the prostate of Calomys callosus submitted to chronic ethanol ingestion. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 2006; 38:117-23. [PMID: 17784639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present study was to assess the possible toxic effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on the ultrastructure of the glandular epithelium of the prostate of the rodent Calomys callosus, in order to contribute to the understanding of the consequences of alcohol abuse for the morphology of the male reproductive apparatus. Sixteen adult animals aged three months were divided into two experimental groups. The control group received a solid diet and tap water, and the alcoholic group received the same solid diet and ethanol P.A. diluted 20% in water (v/v). After 120 days of treatment, all animals were anesthetized, weighed and sacrificed. At the end of treatment, mean body weight did not differ between control and alcoholic animals. The prostate epithelial cells of the alcoholic group showed intense atrophy and ultrastructural alterations such as the presence of lipid droplets, altered nuclei, ruptured mitochondrial cristae, and intense dilatation of the cisterns of the granular endoplasmic reticulum. It was concluded that 20% ethanol provokes marked lesions on the epithelium of the prostate probably interfering on the glandular secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinez
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, UFSCar, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Segatelli TM, França LR, Pinheiro PFF, Alemida CCD, Martinez M, Martinez FE. Spermatogenic cycle length and spermatogenic efficiency in the gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 25:872-80. [PMID: 15477358 DOI: 10.1002/j.1939-4640.2004.tb03156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) is a rodent native of the arid regions of Mongolia and China. Because the gerbil can be easily bred in laboratory conditions, this species has been largely used as an experimental model in biomedical research. However, there is still little information concerning the testis structure and function in the gerbil. In this regard, we performed a detailed morpho-functional analysis of the gerbil testis and estimated the spermatogenic cycle length utilizing 3H-thymidine as a marker for germ cell progression during their evolution through the spermatogenic process. The stage frequencies of the XII stages characterized according to the acrosome formation and development were (I-XII) 13.8, 10.1, 8.1, 7.8, 4.0, 11.2, 7.5, 7.1, 5.9, 7.6, 8.1, and 8.9. The mean duration of each seminiferous epithelium cycle was determined to be 10.6 +/- 1.0 days and the total duration of spermatogenesis, based on 4.5 cycles, was approximately 47.5 days. The volume density of tubular and interstitial compartments was approximately 92% and 8%, respectively. Based on the volume occupied by seminiferous tubules in the testis and the tubular diameter, about 9 and 18 m of seminiferous tubules were found per testis and per gram of testis, respectively. Twelve primary spermatocytes were formed from each type A1 spermatogonia. The meiotic index was 2.8, indicating that 30% of cell loss occurs during meiosis. The number of Leydig and Sertoli cells per gram of the testis was 28 million and each Sertoli cell was able to support approximately 13 spermatids. The daily sperm production per gram of testis (spermatogenic efficiency) was 33 million. Taken together, these data indicate that, mainly due to the high seminiferous tubule volume density and Sertoli cell support capacity for germ cells, the gerbil presents high spermatogenic efficiency compared with other mammalian species already investigated. The data obtained in the present study might provide the basis for future research involving the reproductive biology in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia M Segatelli
- Department of Morphofisiological Science, DCM-Bloco H-79, University of State of Paraná (UEM), Av Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
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Martinez M, Milton FA, de Oliveira SA, de Lima NF, Segatelli TM, Pinheiro PFF, Almeida CCD, Mello W, Quitete VHAC, Martinez FE. Ultrastructural changes on the hard palatine mucosa of Calomys callosus after 120 days of experimental chronic alcoholism. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 2005; 37:59-65. [PMID: 16144085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The present study analyzed the toxic effects of chronic alcohol ingestion on the ultrastructure of the lining epithelium of the hard palatine mucosa of the rodent Calomys callosus, in order to contribute to the understanding of the consequences of alcohol abuse for the morphology of the digestive system. Twenty-six adult animals aged three months were divided into two experimental groups. The control group received a solid diet and tap water, and the alcoholic group received the same solid diet and ethanol P.A. diluted 20% in water (v/v). After 120 days of treatment, all animals were anaesthetised, weighed and sacrificed. At the end of treatment, mean body weight did not differ between control and alcoholic animals. The epithelial cells of the alcoholic group showed many alterations such as the presence of lipid droplets, nuclei in corneum layer, nuclei with increase peripheral chromatin and greater electron density, altered mitochondria, and intense dilatation of the intercellular spaces. It was concluded that 20% ethanol provokes marked ultrastructural lesions in the hard palatine mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinez
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of Sao Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Rissato JH, Ietsugu MV, Almeida CCD, Pinheiro PFF, Segatelli TM, Martinez M, Padovani CR, Júnior WM, Quitete VHAC, Martinez FE. Morphology of the vas deferens in an ethanol-drinking strain of rats (UChA and UChB). J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 2003; 35:331-41. [PMID: 14690183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Chronic alcoholism alters reproduction and therefore may be responsible for alterations of vas deferens, which are the subject of this analysis in UCh ethanol-drinking rats. The proximal and distal segments of the vas deferens of 20 animals were submitted to macroscopic, light microscopy, electron microscopy and morphometric analysis. The UCh rats showed atrophy of the epithelium of the vas deferens and alterations of the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. Ethanol induces changes in the epithelium of the vas deferens and hypothalamus-pituitary axis of UCh rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Rissato
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Pinheiro PFF, Almeida CCD, Segatelli TM, Martinez M, Padovani CR, Martinez FE. Ultrastructure of the urethra of the Mongolian gerbil. World J Urol 2003; 20:378-84. [PMID: 12811498 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-002-0311-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2002] [Accepted: 11/21/2002] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The urethra is the main port of entry of sexually transmitted pathogens. However, papers on the morphology of the urethra are scarce. The Mongolian gerbil is a rodent native of the Mongolia and China and has been utilized as a laboratory animal since the 1960s. This work describes the ultrastructure of the urethra of the Mongolian gerbil to provide data for future experimental studies. METHODS The urethra of ten adult male gerbils was studied by transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS The epithelium of the pelvic urethra possesses two cell types: I and II, without the formation of cellular layers, while the penile urethra possesses cellular layers: basal, intermediate and superficial. The urethra presents neurosecretory cells belonging to the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation system. CONCLUSIONS The urethral epithelium of the gerbil is a neurosecretory epithelium, part of the amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F F Pinheiro
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, Campus of Botucatu, UNESP, Rubião Júnior, Caixa Postal 510, CEP.: 18618-000 Botucatu SP, Brazil.
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Pinheiro PFF, Almeida CCD, Segatelli TM, Martinez M, Padovani CR, Martinez FE. Structure of the pelvic and penile urethra--relationship with the ducts of the sex accessory glands of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). J Anat 2003; 202:431-44. [PMID: 12739620 PMCID: PMC1571101 DOI: 10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00181.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The urethra is the main place of entry for sexually transmitted pathogens. However, there is little literature on the morphology of the urogenital system, principally the urethra and ducts of the sex accessory glands. The Mongolian gerbil is an insectivorous, herbivorous and monogamous rodent with nocturnal habits; it has been used successfully as a laboratory animal since the 1960s. Therefore, the objective of the present paper was to describe the structure and ultrastructure of the urethra and its relations to the ducts of the accessory sex glands of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), contributing to the understanding of the reproductive biology of the rodent and aiming to provide data for future experimental studies. Conventional techniques of light and scanning electron microscopy were utilized. The urethra and ducts of the accessory sex glands are similar to those of the albino rat and the mouse. However, there is variation in drainage type among accessory sex glands for the inner urethra. The ducts of the seminal vesicle, the ductus deferens, drain their contents independently into the ampullary duct that opens in the urethra. The ducts of the prostate, coagulating and bulbourethral glands drain their contents independently into the urethra.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F F Pinheiro
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Segatelli TM, Almeida CCD, Pinheiro PFF, Martinez M, Padovani CR, Martinez FE. Kinetics of spermatogenesis in the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Tissue Cell 2002; 34:7-13. [PMID: 11989971 DOI: 10.1054/tice.2002.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) is a small rodent native to the arid regions of Mongolia and Northeastern China. The present study provides descriptions of both the cellular associations of the seminiferous-epithelium cycle and relative frequencies of stages in the gerbil. Based on the development of the acrosomic system and the nuclear morphology changes using the PAS-H staining technique, the transformation of spermatids into spermatozoa was divided into 15 steps. The first 12 steps were used to identify 12 stages or cellular associations and the other three steps were spread among the first six stages of the cycle of the seminiferous epithelium. The relative frequencies found for stages I through XII were: 13.15; 8.06; 8.98; 6.48; 5.37; 6.71; 7.36; 7.45; 7.27; 5.83; 11.53 and 11.81, respectively. Stage I had the highest frequency while stage V proved the lowest frequency among the XII stages. The pattern of spermatogenesis is similar to those of rodents used as laboratory animals. The present description is the first for this rodent and provides the foundation for a variety of future studies of the testis in this animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Segatelli
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, UNESP, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Martinez M, Martinez FE, da Cunha MR, Segatelli TM, Pinheiro PFF, Almeida CCD. Morphological effects on the hard palatine mucosa of Calomys callosus submitted to experimental chronic alcoholism. J Submicrosc Cytol Pathol 2002; 34:77-83. [PMID: 11995638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The morphological effects of ethanol ingestion on the hard palatine mucosa of adult male Calomys callosus were observed. Twenty rodents were divided into two experimental groups: the control group received solid diet, Purina rat chow, and tap water ad libitum; the alcoholic group received the same solid diet and ethanol P.A. diluted 20% in water (v/v). After 270 days of treatment, all animals were sacrificed and the hard palatine mucosa were prepared for TEM and SEM methods. The epithelial cells of the alcoholic group showed some alterations like cytoplasmatic lipid droplets, pycnotic nucleus and increased mitochondrial size. The lamina propria also presented intense lipid droplets accumulation. The morphological changes suggested that chronic ethanol consumption was able to modify the integrity of the mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Martinez
- Department of Morphology and Pathology, Federal University of São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
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Segatelli TM, Almedia CC, Pinheiro PF, Martinez M, Padovani CR, Martinez FE. Ultrastructural study of acrosome formation in mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus). Tissue Cell 2000; 32:508-17. [PMID: 11197233 DOI: 10.1016/s0040-8166(00)80007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Spermatogenesis is a complex and very well organized process lasting from 30 to 75 days in mammals. The spermatogenic process has been described mainly in laboratory mammals, such as the rat, while correspondent studies in wild animals are scarce. The gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) is a small rodent native of the arid regions of Mongolia and China. Few reports are available on reproduction in the male Mongolian gerbil. The present study provides the first description of the ultrastructural alterations in spermatid cytoplasm and nucleus, with particular reference to acrosome formation in gerbils. The testes were processed by conventional transmission electron microscopy technique. Based on the development of the acrosomal system and changes in nuclear morphology, the transformation of spermatids in spermatozoon was divided into 15 steps. There were four phases in the spermiogenesis process in the gerbil: Golgi, cap, acrosomal and maturation phases. This provides the foundation for a variety of future studies of the spermiogenesis of this animal.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Segatelli
- Department of Anatomy, Institute of Biosciences, University of the State of São Paulo (UNESP), Rubião Júnior S/N, 18618-000 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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