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Rao AS, Mathur R, Shah NC, Malge R, Sathnoorkar S, Chandrasekhar T. Evaluation of Extrusion and Apical Seal of Thermafil™ Obturation with and without MTA as an Apical Barrier in Comparison with Lateral Condensation Technique: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020; 13:S40-S44. [PMID: 34434013 PMCID: PMC8359887 DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the apical sealing ability and periapical extrusion in the Thermafil™ obturation technique, with and without an apical barrier of MTA, with lateral condensation technique. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty freshly extracted human central incisors were instrumented with the crown down technique and divided into three experimental groups. Group I: lateral condensation technique obturation, group II: Thermafil obturation (DENTSPLY Tulsa), and group III: this group was obturated into two parts; first MTA (ProRoot) was placed in apical 3 mm and later the remaining canal was obturated with Thermafil™ obturation technique (DENTSPLY Tulsa). AH Plus sealer was used in all the groups. Specimens of all the groups were layered with nail paint excluding the apical 3 mm. Twenty-four hours later, all the teeth were suspended in Black India ink for 48 hours. Finally, all the teeth were decalcified, rendered transparent and linear dye leakage and periapical extrusion was measured using ×60 magnification of stereomicroscope with an in-built ruler. RESULTS A Chi-square test done to evaluate periapical extrusion showed there was a significant difference found among all the groups (p < 0.05), whereas in case of linear apical dye leakage using a Student's "t" test showed there was no significant difference among all the groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION Despite showing apical leakage, the thermo-plasticized gutta-percha obturation technique can be advantageous when used with MTA as an apical barrier since there is no scope for apical extrusion along with the benefit of three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system when compared with the lateral condensation technique. HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE Rao AS, Mathur R, Shah NC, et al. Evaluation of Extrusion and Apical Seal of Thermafil™ Obturation with and without MTA as an Apical Barrier in Comparison with Lateral Condensation Technique: An In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2020;13(S-1):S40-S44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay S Rao
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Rinku Mathur
- Department of Pediatric and Preventive Dentistry, RUHS College of Dental Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Nimisha C Shah
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, KM Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Sharanpriya Sathnoorkar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ESIC Dental College, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India
| | - T Chandrasekhar
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, ESIC Dental College, Kalaburgi, Karnataka, India
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Greene RK, Spanos M, Alderman C, Walsh E, Bizzell J, Mosner MG, Kinard JL, Stuber GD, Chandrasekhar T, Politte LC, Sikich L, Dichter GS. The effects of intranasal oxytocin on reward circuitry responses in children with autism spectrum disorder. J Neurodev Disord 2018; 10:12. [PMID: 29587625 PMCID: PMC5870086 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-018-9228-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intranasal oxytocin (OT) has been shown to improve social communication functioning of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and, thus, has received considerable interest as a potential ASD therapeutic agent. Although preclinical research indicates that OT modulates the functional output of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system that processes rewards, no clinical brain imaging study to date has examined the effects of OT on this system using a reward processing paradigm. To address this, we used an incentive delay task to examine the effects of a single dose of intranasal OT, versus placebo (PLC), on neural responses to social and nonsocial rewards in children with ASD. METHODS In this placebo-controlled double-blind study, 28 children and adolescents with ASD (age: M = 13.43 years, SD = 2.36) completed two fMRI scans, one after intranasal OT administration and one after PLC administration. During both scanning sessions, participants completed social and nonsocial incentive delay tasks. Task-based neural activation and connectivity were examined to assess the impact of OT relative to PLC on mesocorticolimbic brain responses to social and nonsocial reward anticipation and outcomes. RESULTS Central analyses compared the OT and PLC conditions. During nonsocial reward anticipation, there was greater activation in the right nucleus accumbens (NAcc), left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bilateral orbital frontal cortex (OFC), left superior frontal cortex, and right frontal pole (FP) during the OT condition relative to PLC. Alternatively, during social reward anticipation and outcomes, there were no significant increases in brain activation during the OT condition relative to PLC. A Treatment Group × Reward Condition interaction revealed relatively greater activation in the right NAcc, right caudate nucleus, left ACC, and right OFC during nonsocial relative to social reward anticipation during the OT condition relative to PLC. Additionally, these analyses revealed greater activation during nonsocial reward outcomes during the OT condition relative to PLC in the right OFC and left FP. Finally, functional connectivity analyses generally revealed changes in frontostriatal connections during the OT condition relative to PLC in response to nonsocial, but not social, rewards. CONCLUSIONS The effects of intranasal OT administration on mesocorticolimbic brain systems that process rewards in ASD were observable primarily during the processing of nonsocial incentive salience stimuli. These findings have implications for understanding the effects of OT on neural systems that process rewards, as well as for experimental trials of novel ASD treatments developed to ameliorate social communication impairments in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- R K Greene
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - M Spanos
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - C Alderman
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - E Walsh
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - J Bizzell
- Duke-UNC Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - M G Mosner
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - J L Kinard
- Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - G D Stuber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Neuroscience Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - T Chandrasekhar
- Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - L C Politte
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA
| | - L Sikich
- Duke Clinical Research Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Duke Center for Autism and Brain Development, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27705, USA
| | - G S Dichter
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA. .,Carolina Institute for Developmental Disabilities, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, 27514, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, CB 7155, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599-7155, USA.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in pediatric obesity. METHODS 50 obese children (age 5-17y) and 50 apparently healthy non-obese children (body mass index of over 95th percentile and between 5th to 95th percentiles, respectively) using Centre for Disease Control growth charts were included. Fasting blood sugar, lipid profile, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, uric acid, fibrinogen, lipoprotein (a), homocysteine, malondialdehyde, ferric reducing ability of plasma and nitric oxide were measured. RESULTS Insulin, insulin resistance, triglycerides, uric acid, fibrinogen, malondialdehyde, ferric reducing ability of plasma and nitric oxide were significantly higher (P <0.001) in obese children. Body mass index showed significant positive correlation with insulin r=0.519, P<0.001; insulin resistance r =0.479, P<0.001; uric acid r= 0.289, P=0.005; fibrinogen r=0.461, P<0.001; and nitric oxide r=0.235, P=0.012. Conclusion Pediatric obesity is associated with dyslipidemia, oxidative stress, insulin resistance and endothelial dysfunction, which are cardiovascular risk factors and components of metabolic syndrome. These children must be targeted for lifestyle and dietary modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Chandrasekhar
- Departments of Biochemistry and *Endocrinology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India. Correspondence to: Dr MM Suchitra, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Bae TW, Vanjildorj E, Song SY, Nishiguchi S, Yang SS, Song IJ, Chandrasekhar T, Kang TW, Kim JI, Koh YJ, Park SY, Lee J, Lee YE, Ryu KH, Riu KZ, Song PS, Lee HY. Environmental risk assessment of genetically engineered herbicide-tolerant Zoysia japonica. J Environ Qual 2008; 37:207-218. [PMID: 18178894 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2007.0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Herbicide-tolerant Zoysia grass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) has been generated previously through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. The genetically modified (GM) Zoysia grass survived Basta spraying and grew to maturity normally while the wild-type (WT) grass stopped growing and died. GM Zoysia grass will permit more efficient weed control for various turf grass plantings such as home lawns, golf courses, and parks. We examined the environmental/biodiversity risks of herbicide-tolerant GM Zoysia before applying to regulatory agencies for approval for commercial release. The GM and WT Zoysia grass' substantial trait equivalence, ability to cross-pollinate, and gene flow in confined and unconfined test fields were selectively analyzed for environmental/biodiversity effects. No difference between GM and WT Zoysia grass in substantial traits was found. To assess the potential for cross-pollination and gene flow, a non-selective herbicide, Basta, was used. Results showed that unintended cross-pollination with and gene flow from GM Zoysia grass were not detected in neighboring weed species examined, but were observed in WT Zoysia grass (on average, 6% at proximity, 1.2% at a distance of 0.5 m and 0.12% at a radius of 3 m, and 0% at distances over 3 m). On the basis of these initial studies, we conclude that the GM Zoysia grass generated in our laboratory and tested in the Nam Jeju County field does not appear to pose a significant risk when cultivated outside of test fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Bae
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Korea
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