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Mutukuri TT, Ling J, Du Y, Su Y, Zhou QT. Correction: Effect of Buffer Salts on Physical Stability of Lyophilized and Spray-Dried Protein Formulations Containing Bovine Serum Albumin and Trehalose. Pharm Res 2024; 41:405-406. [PMID: 38158504 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03639-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Jing Ling
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA.
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
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Mutukuri TT, Ling J, Du Y, Su Y, Zhou QT. Effect of Buffer Salts on Physical Stability of Lyophilized and Spray-Dried Protein Formulations Containing Bovine Serum Albumin and Trehalose. Pharm Res 2023; 40:1355-1371. [PMID: 35764755 PMCID: PMC9794634 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03318-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the effect of buffer salts on the physical stability of spray-dried and lyophilized formulations of a model protein, bovine serum albumin (BSA). BSA formulations with various buffers were dried by either lyophilization or spray drying. The protein powders were then characterized using solid-state Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ssFTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), solid-state hydrogen/deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS), and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (ssNMR). Particle characterizations such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, particle size distribution, and particle morphology were also performed. Results from conventional techniques such as ssFTIR did not exhibit correlations with the physical stability of studied formulations. Deconvoluted peak areas of deuterated samples from the ssHDX-MS study showed a satisfactory correlation with the loss of the monomeric peak area measured by SEC (R2 of 0.8722 for spray-dried formulations and 0.8428 for lyophilized formulations) in the 90-day accelerated stability study conducted at 40°C. mDSC and PXRD was unable to measure phase separation in the samples right after drying. In contrast, ssNMR successfully detected the occurrence of phase separation between the succinic buffer component and protein in the lyophilized formulation, which results in a distribution of microenvironmental acidity and the subsequent loss of long-term stability. Moreover, our results suggested that buffer salts have less impact on physical stability for the spray-dried formulations than the lyophilized solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Jing Ling
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Co., Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Yong Du
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA
| | - Yongchao Su
- Analytical Research and Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, 07065, USA.
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
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Mutukuri TT, Darwish A, Strongrich AD, Peroulis D, Alexeenko A, Zhou QT. Radio Frequency - Assisted Ultrasonic Spray Freeze Drying for Pharmaceutical Protein Solids. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:40-50. [PMID: 36181875 PMCID: PMC9772299 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study examined physical stability of spray freeze dried (SFD) bovine serum albumin (BSA) solids produced using the radio frequency (RF)-assisted drying technique. BSA formulations were prepared with varying concentrations of trehalose and mannitol, using an excipient-free formulation as control. These formulations were produced using either traditional ultrasonic spray freeze drying (SFD) or RF-assisted ultrasonic spray freeze drying (RFSFD). The dried formulations were then characterized using Karl Fischer moisture content measurement, powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and solid-state hydrogen/deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS). Moisture content did not have a good correlation with the physical stability of the formulations measured by SEC. ssHDX-MS metrics such as deconvoluted peak areas of the deuterated samples showed a satisfactory correlation (R2 = 0.914) with the SEC stability data. RFSFD improved the stability of formulations with 20 mg/ml of trehalose and no mannitol, and had similar stability with all other formulations as compared to SFD. This study demonstrated that RFSFD technique can significantly reduce the duration of primary drying cycle from 48.0 h to 27.5 h while maintaining or improving protein physical stability as compared to traditional lyophilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Ahmad Darwish
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Andrew David Strongrich
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA; Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Dimitrios Peroulis
- Elmore Family School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA; Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Alina Alexeenko
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA; School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA.
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Mutukuri TT, Maa YF, Gikanga B, Sakhnovsky R, Zhou QT. Electrostatic spray drying for monoclonal antibody formulation. Int J Pharm 2021; 607:120942. [PMID: 34324986 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study explored the feasibility of electrostatic spray drying for producing a monoclonal antibody (mAb) powder formulation at lower drying temperatures than conventional spray drying and its effect on protein stability. A mAb formulation was dried by either conventional spray drying or electrostatic spray drying with charge (ESD). The protein powders were then characterized using solid-state Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ssFTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and solid-state hydrogen/deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS). Particle characterizations such as BET surface area, particle size distribution, and particle morphology were also performed. Conventional spray drying of the mAb formulation at the inlet temperature of 70 °C failed to generate dry powders due to poor drying efficiency; electrostatic spray drying at the same temperature and 5 kV charge enabled the formation of powder formulation with satisfactory moisture contents. Deconvoluted peak areas of deuterated samples from the ssHDX-MS study showed a good correlation with the loss of the monomeric peak area measured by size exclusion chromatography in the 90-day accelerated stability study conducted at 40 °C. Low-temperature (70 °C inlet temperature) drying with an electrostatic charge (5 kV) led to better protein physical stability as compared with the samples spray-dried at the high temperature (130 °C inlet temperature) without charge. This study shows that electrostatic spray drying can produce solid monoclonal antibody formulation at lower inlet temperature than traditional spray drying with better physical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yuh-Fun Maa
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Benson Gikanga
- Pharmaceutical Development, Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Chen Y, Ling J, Li M, Su Y, Arte KS, Mutukuri TT, Taylor LS, Munson EJ, Topp EM, Zhou QT. Understanding the Impact of Protein-Excipient Interactions on Physical Stability of Spray-Dried Protein Solids. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:2657-2668. [PMID: 34096731 PMCID: PMC10042268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mannitol, leucine, and trehalose have been widely used in spray-dried formulations, especially for inhalation formulations. The individual contribution of these excipients on protein physical stability in spray-dried solids was studied here using bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein. The spray-dried solids were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, and solid-state Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy to analyze particle morphology, crystallinity, and secondary structure change, respectively. Advanced solid-state characterizations were conducted with solid-state hydrogen-deuterium exchange (ssHDX) and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) to explore protein conformation and molecular interactions in the context of the system physical stability. Trehalose remained amorphous after spray-drying and was miscible with BSA, forming hydrogen bonds to maintain protein conformation, whereby this system showed the least monomer loss in the stability study. As indicated by ssNMR, both crystalline and amorphous forms of mannitol existed in the spray-dried BSA-mannitol solids, which explained its partial stabilizing effect on BSA. Leucine showed the strongest crystallization tendency after spray-drying and did not provide a stabilizing effect due to substantial immiscibility and phase separation with BSA as a result of crystal formation. This work showed novel applications of ssNMR in examining protein conformation and protein-excipient interaction in dry formulations. Overall, our results demonstrate the pivotal role of advanced solid-state characterization techniques in understanding the physical stability of spray-dried protein solids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Jing Ling
- Discovery Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Comapny, Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Mingyue Li
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Company, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Yongchao Su
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,Pharmaceutical Sciences, Merck & Company, Inc., Rahway, New Jersey 07065, United States
| | - Kinnari Santosh Arte
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Eric J Munson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
| | - Elizabeth M Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States.,National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Belfield, Blackrock, Company, Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United States
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Chen Y, Mutukuri TT, Wilson NE, Zhou QT. Pharmaceutical protein solids: Drying technology, solid-state characterization and stability. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 172:211-233. [PMID: 33705880 PMCID: PMC8107147 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite the boom in biologics over the past decade, the intrinsic instability of these large molecules poses significant challenges to formulation development. Almost half of all pharmaceutical protein products are formulated in the solid form to preserve protein native structure and extend product shelf-life. In this review, both traditional and emerging drying techniques for producing protein solids will be discussed. During the drying process, various stresses can impact the stability of protein solids. However, understanding the impact of stress on protein product quality can be challenging due to the lack of reliable characterization techniques for biological solids. Both conventional and advanced characterization techniques are discussed including differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), solid-state Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (ssFTIR), solid-state fluorescence spectrometry, solid-state hydrogen deuterium exchange (ssHDX), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) and solid-state photolytic labeling (ssPL). Advanced characterization tools may offer mechanistic investigations into local structural changes and interactions at higher resolutions. The continuous exploration of new drying techniques, as well as a better understanding of the effects caused by different drying techniques in solid state, would advance the formulation development of biological products with superior quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nathan E Wilson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Mutukuri TT, Wilson NE, Taylor LS, Topp EM, Zhou QT. Effects of drying method and excipient on the structure and physical stability of protein solids: Freeze drying vs. spray freeze drying. Int J Pharm 2020; 594:120169. [PMID: 33333176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine the impacts of drying method and excipient on changes in protein structure and physical stability of model protein solids. Protein solids containing one of two model proteins (lysozyme or myoglobin) were produced with or without excipients (sucrose or mannitol) using freeze drying or spray freeze drying (SFD). The protein powders were then characterized using solid-state Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ssFTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), circular dichroism spectrometry (CD), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), BET surface area measurements and solid-state hydrogen deuterium exchange with mass spectrometry (ssHDX-MS). ssFTIR and CD could identify little to no difference in structure of the proteins in the formulation. ssHDX-MS was able to identify the population heterogeneity, which was undetectable by conventional characterization techniques of ssFTIR and CD. ssHDX-MS metrics such as Dmax and peak area showed a good correlation with the protein physical instability (loss of the monomeric peak area by size exclusion chromatography) in 90-day stability studies conducted at 40 °C for lysozyme. Higher specific surface area was associated with greater loss in monomer content for myoglobin-mannitol formulations as compared to myoglobin-only formulations. Spray freeze drying seems a viable manufacturing technique for protein solids with appropriate optimization of formulations. The differences observed within the formulations and between the processes using ssHDX-MS, BET surface area measurements and SEC in this study provide an insight into the influence of drying methods and excipients on protein physical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Nathan E Wilson
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Topp
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Belfield, Blackrock, Co. Dublin A94 X099, Ireland
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
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Shetty N, Zhang Y, Park H, Zemlyanov D, Shah D, He A, Ahn P, Mutukuri TT, Chan HK, Zhou QT. Surface Composition and Aerosolization Stability of an Inhalable Combinational Powder Formulation Spray Dried Using a Three-Fluid Nozzle. Pharm Res 2020; 37:219. [PMID: 33037471 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-020-02937-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to understand the impact of spray drying nozzles on particle surface composition and aerosol stability. METHODS The combination formulations of colistin and azithromycin were formulated by 2-fluid nozzle (2 N) or 3-fluid (3 N) spray drying in a molar ratio of 1:1. A 3-factor, 2-level (23) factorial design was selected to investigate effects of flow rate, inlet temperature and feed concentration on yield of spray drying and the performance of the spray dried formulations for the 3 N. RESULTS FPF values for the 2 N formulation (72.9 ± 1.9% for azithromycin & 73.4 ± 0.8% for colistin) were higher than those for the 3 N formulation (56.5 ± 3.8% for azithromycin & 55.1 ± 1.6% for colistin) when stored at 20% RH for 1 day, which could be attributed to smaller physical size for the 2 N. There was no change in FPF for both drugs in the 2 N formulation after storage at 75% RH for 90 days; however, there was a slight increase in FPF for colistin in the 3 N formulation at the same storage conditions. Surface enrichment of hydrophobic azithromycin was measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy for both 2 N and 3 N formulations and interactions were studied using FTIR. CONCLUSIONS The 3-fluid nozzle provides flexibility in choosing different solvents and has the capability to spray dry at higher feed solid concentrations. This study highlights the impact of hydrophobic azithromycin enrichment on particle surface irrespective of the nozzle type, on the prevention of moisture-induced deterioration of FPF for hygroscopic colistin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita Shetty
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.,Department of Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Heejun Park
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Dmitry Zemlyanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, 1205 West State Street, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Dishan Shah
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Athena He
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Patricia Ahn
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Tarun Tejasvi Mutukuri
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Sydney Pharmacy School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Qi Tony Zhou
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana, 47907, USA.
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Wilson NE, Mutukuri TT, Zemlyanov DY, Taylor LS, Topp EM, Zhou QT. Surface Composition and Formulation Heterogeneity of Protein Solids Produced by Spray Drying. Pharm Res 2019; 37:14. [DOI: 10.1007/s11095-019-2738-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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