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Pollack CE, Garrison V, Johnson T, Blackford AL, Banks R, Howe W, Yabroff KR, Enewold L. Housing Assistance Among Patients with Cancer: SEER-Medicare U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development Data Linkage. J Natl Cancer Inst 2024:djae082. [PMID: 38588578 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djae082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of stable and affordable housing is an important social determinant of health. Federal housing assistance may buffer against housing vulnerabilities among low-income households, but research examining the association of housing assistance and cancer care has been limited. We introduce a new linkage of SEER-Medicare and Housing and Urban Development (HUD) administrative data. METHODS Individuals enrolled in HUD public and assisted housing programs 2006-2021 were linked with cancer diagnoses 2006-2019 identified in the SEER-Medicare data from 16 states using Match*Pro probabilistic linkage software. HUD administrative data include timing and type of housing assistance and verified household income. Medicare administrative data are available through 2020. RESULTS A total of 335,490 unique individuals who received housing assistance matched to SEER-Medicare data at any point in time, including 156,794 that recieved housing assistance around the time of their diagnosis (at least 6 months prior to diagnosis until 6 months after diagnosis or death). A total of 63,251 persons with housing assistance at the time of their diagnosis were aged 66 years and older and continuously enrolled in Medicare Parts A and B fee-for-service, 12,035 with lung, 8,866 with breast, 7,261 with colorectal, and 4,703 with prostate cancer. CONCLUSIONS This novel data linkage will be available through the National Cancer Institute and can be used to explore the ways in which housing assistance is associated with cancer diagnosis, care, and outcomes, including the role of housing assistance status in potentially reducing or contributing to inequities across racialized and ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Evan Pollack
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins School of Nursing, and Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Veronica Garrison
- Office of Policy Development & Research, U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Amanda L Blackford
- Division of Quantitative Sciences, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Robert Banks
- Information Management Services Inc., Calverton, MD, United States
| | - William Howe
- Information Management Services Inc., Calverton, MD, United States
| | - K Robin Yabroff
- Department of Surveillance and Health Equity Science, American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Lindsey Enewold
- Division of Cancer Control and Population Sciences, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Evanson D, Griffin M, O'Reilly SE, Johnson T, Werner T, Kothekar E, Jahangiri P, Simone CB, Swisher-McClure S, Feigenberg SJ, Revheim ME, Zou J, Alavi A. Comparative assessment of radiation therapy-induced vasculitis using [ 18F]FDG-PET/CT in patients with non-small cell lung cancer treated with proton versus photon radiotherapy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1444-1450. [PMID: 38095673 PMCID: PMC10957676 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06535-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess radiation therapy (RT)-induced vasculitis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by examining changes in the uptake of 18F-fluoro-D-deoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) images of the ascending aorta (AA), descending aorta (DA), and aortic arch (AoA) before and after proton and photon RT. METHOD Thirty-five consecutive locally advanced NSCLC patients were definitively treated with proton (n = 27) or photon (n = 8) RT and concurrent chemotherapy. The patients were prospectively enrolled to undergo [18F]FDG-PET/CT imaging before and 3 months after RT. An adaptive contrast-oriented thresholding algorithm was applied to generate mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) for regions of interest (ROIs) 3 mm outside and 3 mm inside the outer perimeter of the AA, DA, and AoA. These ROIs were employed to exclusively select the aortic wall and remove the influence of blood pool activity. SUVmeans before and after RT were compared using two-tailed paired t-tests. RESULTS RT treatments were associated with increased SUVmeans in the AA, DA, and AoA-1.9%, 0.3%, and 1.3% for proton and 15.8%, 9.5%, and 15.5% for photon, respectively. There was a statistically significant difference in the ∆SUVmean (post-RT SUVmean - pre-RT SUVmean) in patients treated with photon RT when compared to ∆SUVmean in patients treated with proton RT in the AA (p = 0.043) and AoA (p = 0.015). There was an average increase in SUVmean that was related to dose for photon patients (across structures), but that was not seen for proton patients, although the increase was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that patients treated with photon RT for NSCLC may exhibit significantly more RT-induced inflammation (measured as ∆SUVmean) in the AA and AoA when compared to patients who received proton RT. Knowledge gained from further analyses in larger cohorts could aid in treatment planning and help prevent the significant morbidity and mortality associated with RT-induced vascular complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT02135679.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Evanson
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Griffin
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S E O'Reilly
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T Johnson
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - T Werner
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - E Kothekar
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - P Jahangiri
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C B Simone
- New York Proton Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - S Swisher-McClure
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - S J Feigenberg
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M-E Revheim
- The Intervention Center, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - J Zou
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - A Alavi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bezinover D, Zerillo J, Chadha RM, Wagener G, Blasi A, Johnson T, Pan TLT, De Marchi L. Use of Transesophageal Echocardiography for Liver Transplantation: A Global Comparison of Practice From the ILTS, SATA, and LICAGE. Transplantation 2024:00007890-990000000-00664. [PMID: 38383955 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000004943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anesthesiologists frequently use intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) to aid in the diagnosis and management of hemodynamic problems during liver transplantation (LT). Although the use of TEE in US centers continues to increase, data regarding international use are lacking. METHODS This prospective, global, survey-based study evaluates international experience with TEE for LT. Responses from 252 LT (105 US and 147 non-US) centers representing 1789 anesthesiologists were analyzed. RESULTS Routine use of TEE in the United States has increased in the last 5 y (from 37% to 47%), but only 21% of non-US LT anesthesiologists use TEE routinely. Lack of training (44% US versus 70% non-US) and equipment (9% non-US, versus 34% US) were cited as obstacles. Most survey participants preferred not to perform a complete cardiac examination but rather use only 6 of 11 basic views. Although non-US LT anesthesiologists more frequently had additional clinical training than their US counterparts, they had less TEE experience (13% versus 44%) and less frequently, TEE certification (22% versus 35%). Most LT anesthesiologists agreed that TEE certification is essential for proficiency. Of all respondents, 89% agreed or strongly agreed that TEE provides valuable information needed for immediate clinical decision-making, and >86% agreed or strongly agreed that that information could not be derived from other sources. CONCLUSIONS The use of TEE for LT surgery in the US LT centers is currently higher compared with non-US LT centers. This may become a standard monitoring modality during LT in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitri Bezinover
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Jeron Zerillo
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Ryan M Chadha
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Jacksonville, FL
| | - Gebhard Wagener
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Physicians and Surgeons of Columbia University, New York, NY
| | - Annabel Blasi
- Anesthesia Department, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS (Institut d´Investigacions Biomèdiques Agustí Pi i Sunyé), Barcelona. Spain
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA
| | - Terry Ling Te Pan
- Department of Anaesthesia, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorenzo De Marchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, MedStar-Georgetown University Hospital, Washington DC
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Abu-Shawareb H, Acree R, Adams P, Adams J, Addis B, Aden R, Adrian P, Afeyan BB, Aggleton M, Aghaian L, Aguirre A, Aikens D, Akre J, Albert F, Albrecht M, Albright BJ, Albritton J, Alcala J, Alday C, Alessi DA, Alexander N, Alfonso J, Alfonso N, Alger E, Ali SJ, Ali ZA, Allen A, Alley WE, Amala P, Amendt PA, Amick P, Ammula S, Amorin C, Ampleford DJ, Anderson RW, Anklam T, Antipa N, Appelbe B, Aracne-Ruddle C, Araya E, Archuleta TN, Arend M, Arnold P, Arnold T, Arsenlis A, Asay J, Atherton LJ, Atkinson D, Atkinson R, Auerbach JM, Austin B, Auyang L, Awwal AAS, Aybar N, Ayers J, Ayers S, Ayers T, Azevedo S, Bachmann B, Back CA, Bae J, Bailey DS, Bailey J, Baisden T, Baker KL, Baldis H, Barber D, Barberis M, Barker D, Barnes A, Barnes CW, Barrios MA, Barty C, Bass I, Batha SH, Baxamusa SH, Bazan G, Beagle JK, Beale R, Beck BR, Beck JB, Bedzyk M, Beeler RG, Beeler RG, Behrendt W, Belk L, Bell P, Belyaev M, Benage JF, Bennett G, Benedetti LR, Benedict LX, Berger RL, Bernat T, Bernstein LA, Berry B, Bertolini L, Besenbruch G, Betcher J, Bettenhausen R, Betti R, Bezzerides B, Bhandarkar SD, Bickel R, Biener J, Biesiada T, Bigelow K, Bigelow-Granillo J, Bigman V, Bionta RM, Birge NW, Bitter M, Black AC, Bleile R, Bleuel DL, Bliss E, Bliss E, Blue B, Boehly T, Boehm K, Boley CD, Bonanno R, Bond EJ, Bond T, Bonino MJ, Borden M, Bourgade JL, Bousquet J, Bowers J, Bowers M, Boyd R, Boyle D, Bozek A, Bradley DK, Bradley KS, Bradley PA, Bradley L, Brannon L, Brantley PS, Braun D, Braun T, Brienza-Larsen K, Briggs R, Briggs TM, Britten J, Brooks ED, Browning D, Bruhn MW, Brunner TA, Bruns H, Brunton G, Bryant B, Buczek T, Bude J, Buitano L, Burkhart S, Burmark J, Burnham A, Burr R, Busby LE, Butlin B, Cabeltis R, Cable M, Cabot WH, Cagadas B, Caggiano J, Cahayag R, Caldwell SE, Calkins S, Callahan DA, Calleja-Aguirre J, Camara L, Camp D, Campbell EM, Campbell JH, Carey B, Carey R, Carlisle K, Carlson L, Carman L, Carmichael J, Carpenter A, Carr C, Carrera JA, Casavant D, Casey A, Casey DT, Castillo A, Castillo E, Castor JI, Castro C, Caughey W, Cavitt R, Celeste J, Celliers PM, Cerjan C, Chandler G, Chang B, Chang C, Chang J, Chang L, Chapman R, Chapman TD, Chase L, Chen H, Chen H, Chen K, Chen LY, Cheng B, Chittenden J, Choate C, Chou J, Chrien RE, Chrisp M, Christensen K, Christensen M, Christiansen NS, Christopherson AR, Chung M, Church JA, Clark A, Clark DS, Clark K, Clark R, Claus L, Cline B, Cline JA, Cobble JA, Cochrane K, Cohen B, Cohen S, Collette MR, Collins GW, Collins LA, Collins TJB, Conder A, Conrad B, Conyers M, Cook AW, Cook D, Cook R, Cooley JC, Cooper G, Cope T, Copeland SR, Coppari F, Cortez J, Cox J, Crandall DH, Crane J, Craxton RS, Cray M, Crilly A, Crippen JW, Cross D, Cuneo M, Cuotts G, Czajka CE, Czechowicz D, Daly T, Danforth P, Danly C, Darbee R, Darlington B, Datte P, Dauffy L, Davalos G, Davidovits S, Davis P, Davis J, Dawson S, Day RD, Day TH, Dayton M, Deck C, Decker C, Deeney C, DeFriend KA, Deis G, Delamater ND, Delettrez JA, Demaret R, Demos S, Dempsey SM, Desjardin R, Desjardins T, Desjarlais MP, Dewald EL, DeYoreo J, Diaz S, Dimonte G, Dittrich TR, Divol L, Dixit SN, Dixon J, Do A, Dodd ES, Dolan D, Donovan A, Donovan M, Döppner T, Dorrer C, Dorsano N, Douglas MR, Dow D, Downie J, Downing E, Dozieres M, Draggoo V, Drake D, Drake RP, Drake T, Dreifuerst G, Drury O, DuBois DF, DuBois PF, Dunham G, Durocher M, Dylla-Spears R, Dymoke-Bradshaw AKL, Dzenitis B, Ebbers C, Eckart M, Eddinger S, Eder D, Edgell D, Edwards MJ, Efthimion P, Eggert JH, Ehrlich B, Ehrmann P, Elhadj S, Ellerbee C, Elliott NS, Ellison CL, Elsner F, Emerich M, Engelhorn K, England T, English E, Epperson P, Epstein R, Erbert G, Erickson MA, Erskine DJ, Erlandson A, Espinosa RJ, Estes C, Estabrook KG, Evans S, Fabyan A, Fair J, Fallejo R, Farmer N, Farmer WA, Farrell M, Fatherley VE, Fedorov M, Feigenbaum E, Fehrenbach T, Feit M, Felker B, Ferguson W, Fernandez JC, Fernandez-Panella A, Fess S, Field JE, Filip CV, Fincke JR, Finn T, Finnegan SM, Finucane RG, Fischer M, Fisher A, Fisher J, Fishler B, Fittinghoff D, Fitzsimmons P, Flegel M, Flippo KA, Florio J, Folta J, Folta P, Foreman LR, Forrest C, Forsman A, Fooks J, Foord M, Fortner R, Fournier K, Fratanduono DE, Frazier N, Frazier T, Frederick C, Freeman MS, Frenje J, Frey D, Frieders G, Friedrich S, Froula DH, Fry J, Fuller T, Gaffney J, Gales S, Le Galloudec B, Le Galloudec KK, Gambhir A, Gao L, Garbett WJ, Garcia A, Gates C, Gaut E, Gauthier P, Gavin Z, Gaylord J, Geddes CGR, Geissel M, Génin F, Georgeson J, Geppert-Kleinrath H, Geppert-Kleinrath V, Gharibyan N, Gibson J, Gibson C, Giraldez E, Glebov V, Glendinning SG, Glenn S, Glenzer SH, Goade S, Gobby PL, Goldman SR, Golick B, Gomez M, Goncharov V, Goodin D, Grabowski P, Grafil E, Graham P, Grandy J, Grasz E, Graziani FR, Greenman G, Greenough JA, Greenwood A, Gregori G, Green T, Griego JR, Grim GP, Grondalski J, Gross S, Guckian J, Guler N, Gunney B, Guss G, Haan S, Hackbarth J, Hackel L, Hackel R, Haefner C, Hagmann C, Hahn KD, Hahn S, Haid BJ, Haines BM, Hall BM, Hall C, Hall GN, Hamamoto M, Hamel S, Hamilton CE, Hammel BA, Hammer JH, Hampton G, Hamza A, Handler A, Hansen S, Hanson D, Haque R, Harding D, Harding E, Hares JD, Harris DB, Harte JA, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Hatchett S, Hauer AA, Havre M, Hawley R, Hayes J, Hayes J, Hayes S, Hayes-Sterbenz A, Haynam CA, Haynes DA, Headley D, Heal A, Heebner JE, Heerey S, Heestand GM, Heeter R, Hein N, Heinbockel C, Hendricks C, Henesian M, Heninger J, Henrikson J, Henry EA, Herbold EB, Hermann MR, Hermes G, Hernandez JE, Hernandez VJ, Herrmann MC, Herrmann HW, Herrera OD, Hewett D, Hibbard R, Hicks DG, Higginson DP, Hill D, Hill K, Hilsabeck T, Hinkel DE, Ho DD, Ho VK, Hoffer JK, Hoffman NM, Hohenberger M, Hohensee M, Hoke W, Holdener D, Holdener F, Holder JP, Holko B, Holunga D, Holzrichter JF, Honig J, Hoover D, Hopkins D, Berzak Hopkins LF, Hoppe M, Hoppe ML, Horner J, Hornung R, Horsfield CJ, Horvath J, Hotaling D, House R, Howell L, Hsing WW, Hu SX, Huang H, Huckins J, Hui H, Humbird KD, Hund J, Hunt J, Hurricane OA, Hutton M, Huynh KHK, Inandan L, Iglesias C, Igumenshchev IV, Ivanovich I, Izumi N, Jackson M, Jackson J, Jacobs SD, James G, Jancaitis K, Jarboe J, Jarrott LC, Jasion D, Jaquez J, Jeet J, Jenei AE, Jensen J, Jimenez J, Jimenez R, Jobe D, Johal Z, Johns HM, Johnson D, Johnson MA, Gatu Johnson M, Johnson RJ, Johnson S, Johnson SA, Johnson T, Jones K, Jones O, Jones M, Jorge R, Jorgenson HJ, Julian M, Jun BI, Jungquist R, Kaae J, Kabadi N, Kaczala D, Kalantar D, Kangas K, Karasiev VV, Karasik M, Karpenko V, Kasarky A, Kasper K, Kauffman R, Kaufman MI, Keane C, Keaty L, Kegelmeyer L, Keiter PA, Kellett PA, Kellogg J, Kelly JH, Kemic S, Kemp AJ, Kemp GE, Kerbel GD, Kershaw D, Kerr SM, Kessler TJ, Key MH, Khan SF, Khater H, Kiikka C, Kilkenny J, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Kimko J, Kimmel M, Kindel JM, King J, Kirkwood RK, Klaus L, Klem D, Kline JL, Klingmann J, Kluth G, Knapp P, Knauer J, Knipping J, Knudson M, Kobs D, Koch J, Kohut T, Kong C, Koning JM, Koning P, Konior S, Kornblum H, Kot LB, Kozioziemski B, Kozlowski M, Kozlowski PM, Krammen J, Krasheninnikova NS, Krauland CM, Kraus B, Krauser W, Kress JD, Kritcher AL, Krieger E, Kroll JJ, Kruer WL, Kruse MKG, Kucheyev S, Kumbera M, Kumpan S, Kunimune J, Kur E, Kustowski B, Kwan TJT, Kyrala GA, Laffite S, Lafon M, LaFortune K, Lagin L, Lahmann B, Lairson B, Landen OL, Land T, Lane M, Laney D, Langdon AB, Langenbrunner J, Langer SH, Langro A, Lanier NE, Lanier TE, Larson D, Lasinski BF, Lassle D, LaTray D, Lau G, Lau N, Laumann C, Laurence A, Laurence TA, Lawson J, Le HP, Leach RR, Leal L, Leatherland A, LeChien K, Lechleiter B, Lee A, Lee M, Lee T, Leeper RJ, Lefebvre E, Leidinger JP, LeMire B, Lemke RW, Lemos NC, Le Pape S, Lerche R, Lerner S, Letts S, Levedahl K, Lewis T, Li CK, Li H, Li J, Liao W, Liao ZM, Liedahl D, Liebman J, Lindford G, Lindman EL, Lindl JD, Loey H, London RA, Long F, Loomis EN, Lopez FE, Lopez H, Losbanos E, Loucks S, Lowe-Webb R, Lundgren E, Ludwigsen AP, Luo R, Lusk J, Lyons R, Ma T, Macallop Y, MacDonald MJ, MacGowan BJ, Mack JM, Mackinnon AJ, MacLaren SA, MacPhee AG, Magelssen GR, Magoon J, Malone RM, Malsbury T, Managan R, Mancini R, Manes K, Maney D, Manha D, Mannion OM, Manuel AM, Manuel MJE, Mapoles E, Mara G, Marcotte T, Marin E, Marinak MM, Mariscal DA, Mariscal EF, Marley EV, Marozas JA, Marquez R, Marshall CD, Marshall FJ, Marshall M, Marshall S, Marticorena J, Martinez JI, Martinez D, Maslennikov I, Mason D, Mason RJ, Masse L, Massey W, Masson-Laborde PE, Masters ND, Mathisen D, Mathison E, Matone J, Matthews MJ, Mattoon C, Mattsson TR, Matzen K, Mauche CW, Mauldin M, McAbee T, McBurney M, Mccarville T, McCrory RL, McEvoy AM, McGuffey C, Mcinnis M, McKenty P, McKinley MS, McLeod JB, McPherson A, Mcquillan B, Meamber M, Meaney KD, Meezan NB, Meissner R, Mehlhorn TA, Mehta NC, Menapace J, Merrill FE, Merritt BT, Merritt EC, Meyerhofer DD, Mezyk S, Mich RJ, Michel PA, Milam D, Miller C, Miller D, Miller DS, Miller E, Miller EK, Miller J, Miller M, Miller PE, Miller T, Miller W, Miller-Kamm V, Millot M, Milovich JL, Minner P, Miquel JL, Mitchell S, Molvig K, Montesanti RC, Montgomery DS, Monticelli M, Montoya A, Moody JD, Moore AS, Moore E, Moran M, Moreno JC, Moreno K, Morgan BE, Morrow T, Morton JW, Moses E, Moy K, Muir R, Murillo MS, Murray JE, Murray JR, Munro DH, Murphy TJ, Munteanu FM, Nafziger J, Nagayama T, Nagel SR, Nast R, Negres RA, Nelson A, Nelson D, Nelson J, Nelson S, Nemethy S, Neumayer P, Newman K, Newton M, Nguyen H, Di Nicola JMG, Di Nicola P, Niemann C, Nikroo A, Nilson PM, Nobile A, Noorai V, Nora RC, Norton M, Nostrand M, Note V, Novell S, Nowak PF, Nunez A, Nyholm RA, O'Brien M, Oceguera A, Oertel JA, Oesterle AL, Okui J, Olejniczak B, Oliveira J, Olsen P, Olson B, Olson K, Olson RE, Opachich YP, Orsi N, Orth CD, Owen M, Padalino S, Padilla E, Paguio R, Paguio S, Paisner J, Pajoom S, Pak A, Palaniyappan S, Palma K, Pannell T, Papp F, Paras D, Parham T, Park HS, Pasternak A, Patankar S, Patel MV, Patel PK, Patterson R, Patterson S, Paul B, Paul M, Pauli E, Pearce OT, Pearcy J, Pedretti A, Pedrotti B, Peer A, Pelz LJ, Penetrante B, Penner J, Perez A, Perkins LJ, Pernice E, Perry TS, Person S, Petersen D, Petersen T, Peterson DL, Peterson EB, Peterson JE, Peterson JL, Peterson K, Peterson RR, Petrasso RD, Philippe F, Phillion D, Phipps TJ, Piceno E, Pickworth L, Ping Y, Pino J, Piston K, Plummer R, Pollack GD, Pollaine SM, Pollock BB, Ponce D, Ponce J, Pontelandolfo J, Porter JL, Post J, Poujade O, Powell C, Powell H, Power G, Pozulp M, Prantil M, Prasad M, Pratuch S, Price S, Primdahl K, Prisbrey S, Procassini R, Pruyne A, Pudliner B, Qiu SR, Quan K, Quinn M, Quintenz J, Radha PB, Rainer F, Ralph JE, Raman KS, Raman R, Rambo PW, Rana S, Randewich A, Rardin D, Ratledge M, Ravelo N, Ravizza F, Rayce M, Raymond A, Raymond B, Reed B, Reed C, Regan S, Reichelt B, Reis V, Reisdorf S, Rekow V, Remington BA, Rendon A, Requieron W, Rever M, Reynolds H, Reynolds J, Rhodes J, Rhodes M, Richardson MC, Rice B, Rice NG, Rieben R, Rigatti A, Riggs S, Rinderknecht HG, Ring K, Riordan B, Riquier R, Rivers C, Roberts D, Roberts V, Robertson G, Robey HF, Robles J, Rocha P, Rochau G, Rodriguez J, Rodriguez S, Rosen MD, Rosenberg M, Ross G, Ross JS, Ross P, Rouse J, Rovang D, Rubenchik AM, Rubery MS, Ruiz CL, Rushford M, Russ B, Rygg JR, Ryujin BS, Sacks RA, Sacks RF, Saito K, Salmon T, Salmonson JD, Sanchez J, Samuelson S, Sanchez M, Sangster C, Saroyan A, Sater J, Satsangi A, Sauers S, Saunders R, Sauppe JP, Sawicki R, Sayre D, Scanlan M, Schaffers K, Schappert GT, Schiaffino S, Schlossberg DJ, Schmidt DW, Schmit PF, Smidt JM, Schneider DHG, Schneider MB, Schneider R, Schoff M, Schollmeier M, Schroeder CR, Schrauth SE, Scott HA, Scott I, Scott JM, Scott RHH, Scullard CR, Sedillo T, Seguin FH, Seka W, Senecal J, Sepke SM, Seppala L, Sequoia K, Severyn J, Sevier JM, Sewell N, Seznec S, Shah RC, Shamlian J, Shaughnessy D, Shaw M, Shaw R, Shearer C, Shelton R, Shen N, Sherlock MW, Shestakov AI, Shi EL, Shin SJ, Shingleton N, Shmayda W, Shor M, Shoup M, Shuldberg C, Siegel L, Silva FJ, Simakov AN, Sims BT, Sinars D, Singh P, Sio H, Skulina K, Skupsky S, Slutz S, Sluyter M, Smalyuk VA, Smauley D, Smeltser RM, Smith C, Smith I, Smith J, Smith L, Smith R, Smith R, Schölmerich M, Sohn R, Sommer S, Sorce C, Sorem M, Soures JM, Spaeth ML, Spears BK, Speas S, Speck D, Speck R, Spears J, Spinka T, Springer PT, Stadermann M, Stahl B, Stahoviak J, Stanley J, Stanton LG, Steele R, Steele W, Steinman D, Stemke R, Stephens R, Sterbenz S, Sterne P, Stevens D, Stevers J, Still CH, Stoeckl C, Stoeffl W, Stolken JS, Stolz C, Storm E, Stone G, Stoupin S, Stout E, Stowers I, Strauser R, Streckart H, Streit J, Strozzi DJ, Stutz J, Summers L, Suratwala T, Sutcliffe G, Suter LJ, Sutton SB, Svidzinski V, Swadling G, Sweet W, Szoke A, Tabak M, Takagi M, Tambazidis A, Tang V, Taranowski M, Taylor LA, Telford S, 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Achievement of Target Gain Larger than Unity in an Inertial Fusion Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2024; 132:065102. [PMID: 38394591 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.065102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
On December 5, 2022, an indirect drive fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) achieved a target gain G_{target} of 1.5. This is the first laboratory demonstration of exceeding "scientific breakeven" (or G_{target}>1) where 2.05 MJ of 351 nm laser light produced 3.1 MJ of total fusion yield, a result which significantly exceeds the Lawson criterion for fusion ignition as reported in a previous NIF implosion [H. Abu-Shawareb et al. (Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration), Phys. Rev. Lett. 129, 075001 (2022)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.129.075001]. This achievement is the culmination of more than five decades of research and gives proof that laboratory fusion, based on fundamental physics principles, is possible. This Letter reports on the target, laser, design, and experimental advancements that led to this result.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Acree
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Addis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Aden
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B B Afeyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Polymath Research Inc., 827 Bonde Ct., Pleasanton, California 94566, USA
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| | - B Appelbe
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Castillo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Castillo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J I Castor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Castro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Caughey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Cavitt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Celeste
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Celliers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Cerjan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Chandler
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Chapman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T D Chapman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Chase
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Chen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Chen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L-Y Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Cheng
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Chittenden
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Choate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Chou
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Chrien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Chrisp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Christensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Christensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Christiansen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A R Christopherson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Chung
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J A Church
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Clark
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D S Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Clark
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Claus
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Cline
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Cline
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Cobble
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Cochrane
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Cohen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Cohen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M R Collette
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G W Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L A Collins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T J B Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Conder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Conrad
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Conyers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A W Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Cook
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - R Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Cooley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Cooper
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
- University of New Mexico, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
| | - T Cope
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S R Copeland
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Cortez
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Cox
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Crandall
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J Crane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R S Craxton
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Cray
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Crilly
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J W Crippen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Cross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Cuneo
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G Cuotts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C E Czajka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Czechowicz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Daly
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Danforth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Danly
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Darbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Darlington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Datte
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Dauffy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Davalos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Davidovits
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Davis
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J Davis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Dawson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R D Day
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T H Day
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Dayton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Deck
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Decker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Deeney
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - K A DeFriend
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Deis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N D Delamater
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J A Delettrez
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Demaret
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Demos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Dempsey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Desjardin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Desjardins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M P Desjarlais
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E L Dewald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J DeYoreo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Diaz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Dimonte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T R Dittrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S N Dixit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Dixon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Do
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E S Dodd
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Dolan
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A Donovan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Donovan
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Dorrer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N Dorsano
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M R Douglas
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Dow
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - J Downie
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Downing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Dozieres
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Draggoo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Drake
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - R P Drake
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of Michigan, Climate & Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA
| | - T Drake
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Dreifuerst
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O Drury
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D F DuBois
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P F DuBois
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Dunham
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Durocher
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Dylla-Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A K L Dymoke-Bradshaw
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - B Dzenitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Ebbers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Eckart
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Eddinger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Eder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M J Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Efthimion
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Ehrlich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Ehrmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Elhadj
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Ellerbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Elliott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C L Ellison
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Elsner
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Emerich
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Engelhorn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T England
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E English
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Epperson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Erbert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M A Erickson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Erskine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Erlandson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Espinosa
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Estes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K G Estabrook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Evans
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Fabyan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Fair
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Fallejo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Farmer
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - W A Farmer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Farrell
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V E Fatherley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Fedorov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Feigenbaum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - M Feit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Felker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Ferguson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Fernandez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Fernandez-Panella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Fess
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J E Field
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C V Filip
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Fincke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T Finn
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - S M Finnegan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R G Finucane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Fischer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Fisher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Fisher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Fishler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Fittinghoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - M Flegel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K A Flippo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Florio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Folta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Folta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L R Foreman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Forsman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Fooks
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Foord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Fortner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Fournier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Frazier
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - T Frazier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Frederick
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M S Freeman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Frey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Frieders
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Friedrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Fry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Fuller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Gaffney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Gales
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - B Le Galloudec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K K Le Galloudec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Gambhir
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Gao
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - W J Garbett
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - A Garcia
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Gates
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Gaut
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Gauthier
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - Z Gavin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Gaylord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C G R Geddes
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Geissel
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - F Génin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Georgeson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - H Geppert-Kleinrath
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Geppert-Kleinrath
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N Gharibyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Giraldez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S G Glendinning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Glenn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Goade
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P L Gobby
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S R Goldman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Golick
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Gomez
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - V Goncharov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Goodin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Grabowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Grafil
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Graham
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J Grandy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Grasz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F R Graziani
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Greenman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Polymath Research Inc., 827 Bonde Ct., Pleasanton, California 94566, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of California at Berkeley, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 4165 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1730, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- University of New Mexico, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
- University of Michigan, Climate & Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
- Diamond Materials Gmbh, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingodm
- Spectral Sciences Inc., 4 Fourth Ave, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803-3304, USA
- RWTH Aachen University, 52066 Aachen, Germany
- University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- University of Nevada at Reno, Dept. of Physics, MS 0220, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- University of California at Los Angeles, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
- Sutter Instrument, 1 Digital Dr., Novator, California 94949, USA
- SUNY Geneseo, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Integrated Science Center, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, OC11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San José California 95192-0106, USA
| | - J A Greenough
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Greenwood
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingodm
| | - T Green
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Griego
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G P Grim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Grondalski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Gross
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Guckian
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - N Guler
- Spectral Sciences Inc., 4 Fourth Ave, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803-3304, USA
| | - B Gunney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Guss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Haan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hackbarth
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Hackel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hackel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Haefner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- RWTH Aachen University, 52066 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Hagmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Hahn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hahn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J Haid
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B M Haines
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B M Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Hall
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G N Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hamamoto
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hamel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C E Hamilton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B A Hammel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J H Hammer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Hampton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Hamza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Handler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Hanson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Haque
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Harding
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E Harding
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J D Hares
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - D B Harris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J A Harte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E P Hartouni
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hatarik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hatchett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A A Hauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Havre
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Hawley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hayes
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Hayes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hayes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Hayes-Sterbenz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C A Haynam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D A Haynes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Headley
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A Heal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Heebner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Heerey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G M Heestand
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Heeter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Hein
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Heinbockel
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Hendricks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Henesian
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Heninger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Henrikson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E A Henry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E B Herbold
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M R Hermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Hermes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Hernandez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V J Hernandez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M C Herrmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H W Herrmann
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O D Herrera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hewett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hibbard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D G Hicks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D P Higginson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hill
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Hill
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - T Hilsabeck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D E Hinkel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D D Ho
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V K Ho
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J K Hoffer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N M Hoffman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Hohenberger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hohensee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Hoke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Holdener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Holdener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J P Holder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Holko
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Holunga
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J F Holzrichter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Honig
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hoover
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L F Berzak Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M L Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Horner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hornung
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C J Horsfield
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J Horvath
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hotaling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R House
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Howell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W W Hsing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H Huang
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Huckins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Hui
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Humbird
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hund
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Hunt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O A Hurricane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hutton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K H-K Huynh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Inandan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Iglesias
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I V Igumenshchev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I Ivanovich
- University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
| | - N Izumi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Jackson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jackson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S D Jacobs
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
- Polymath Research Inc., 827 Bonde Ct., Pleasanton, California 94566, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- University of California at Berkeley, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, 4165 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1730, USA
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, 1 Cyclotron Road, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- University of New Mexico, Dept. of Nuclear Engineering, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
- University of Michigan, Climate & Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
- Diamond Materials Gmbh, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, United Kingodm
- Spectral Sciences Inc., 4 Fourth Ave, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803-3304, USA
- RWTH Aachen University, 52066 Aachen, Germany
- University of Michigan, 500 S State St, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
- Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
- University of Nevada at Reno, Dept. of Physics, MS 0220, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- University of California at Los Angeles, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
- Sutter Instrument, 1 Digital Dr., Novator, California 94949, USA
- SUNY Geneseo, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Integrated Science Center, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, OC11 0QX, United Kingdom
- Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, San José State University, San José California 95192-0106, USA
| | - G James
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Jancaitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Jarboe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L C Jarrott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Jasion
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jaquez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jeet
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A E Jenei
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Jensen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jimenez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Jimenez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Jobe
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - Z Johal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H M Johns
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Johnson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M A Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R J Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - O Jones
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Jorge
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H J Jorgenson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Julian
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B I Jun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Jungquist
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Kaae
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Kabadi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Kaczala
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Kalantar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Kangas
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V V Karasiev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Karasik
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Ave SW, Washington, DC 20375, USA
| | - V Karpenko
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Kasarky
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - K Kasper
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Kauffman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M I Kaufman
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - C Keane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Keaty
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Kegelmeyer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Keiter
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P A Kellett
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire, OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - J Kellogg
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J H Kelly
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Kemic
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G E Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G D Kerbel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Kershaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Kerr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Kessler
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M H Key
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S F Khan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Khater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Kiikka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kilkenny
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - Y Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y-J Kim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kimko
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kimmel
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J M Kindel
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J King
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R K Kirkwood
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Klaus
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Klem
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Kline
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Klingmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Kluth
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - P Knapp
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Knipping
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Knudson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Kobs
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Koch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Kohut
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Kong
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Koning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Koning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Konior
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Kornblum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L B Kot
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Kozioziemski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kozlowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Kozlowski
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Krammen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Krasheninnikova
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C M Krauland
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Kraus
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - W Krauser
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Kress
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L Kritcher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Krieger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J J Kroll
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W L Kruer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M K G Kruse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Kucheyev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kumbera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Kumpan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kunimune
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - E Kur
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Kustowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J T Kwan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G A Kyrala
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Laffite
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - M Lafon
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - K LaFortune
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - L Lagin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Lahmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Lairson
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Land
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Lane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Laney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A B Langdon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Langenbrunner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S H Langer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Langro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N E Lanier
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T E Lanier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Larson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B F Lasinski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Lassle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D LaTray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Lau
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Lau
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Laumann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Laurence
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T A Laurence
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Lawson
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - H P Le
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R R Leach
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Leal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Leatherland
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - K LeChien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Lechleiter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Lee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Lee
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Lee
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R J Leeper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E Lefebvre
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | | | - B LeMire
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R W Lemke
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - N C Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Le Pape
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - R Lerche
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Lerner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Letts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Levedahl
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - T Lewis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Li
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Li
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Liao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Z M Liao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Liedahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Liebman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Lindford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E L Lindman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Lindl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Loey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R A London
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Long
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E N Loomis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F E Lopez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Lopez
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - E Losbanos
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Loucks
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Lowe-Webb
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Lundgren
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A P Ludwigsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Luo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Lusk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Lyons
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Macallop
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M J MacDonald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J MacGowan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Mack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Mackinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A MacLaren
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A G MacPhee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G R Magelssen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Magoon
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R M Malone
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - T Malsbury
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Managan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Mancini
- University of Nevada at Reno, Dept. of Physics, MS 0220, 1664 N. Virginia St., Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - K Manes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Maney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Manha
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O M Mannion
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A M Manuel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M J-E Manuel
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Mapoles
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Mara
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Marcotte
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Marin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M M Marinak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D A Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E F Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E V Marley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Marozas
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Marquez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C D Marshall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F J Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Marshall
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J Marticorena
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J I Martinez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Martinez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Maslennikov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Mason
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Mason
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Masse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - W Massey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P-E Masson-Laborde
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - N D Masters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Mathisen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Mathison
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Matone
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M J Matthews
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Mattoon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T R Mattsson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - K Matzen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C W Mauche
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Mauldin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T McAbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M McBurney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Mccarville
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R L McCrory
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A M McEvoy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Mcinnis
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P McKenty
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M S McKinley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J B McLeod
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A McPherson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Mcquillan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Meamber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Meaney
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N B Meezan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Meissner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T A Mehlhorn
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - N C Mehta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Menapace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F E Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B T Merritt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E C Merritt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D D Meyerhofer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Mezyk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Mich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Milam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D S Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E K Miller
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - J Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P E Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Miller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - W Miller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Miller-Kamm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Milovich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Minner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J-L Miquel
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - S Mitchell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Molvig
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R C Montesanti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D S Montgomery
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Monticelli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Montoya
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A S Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Moran
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Moreno
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Moreno
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B E Morgan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Morrow
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J W Morton
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - E Moses
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Moy
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| | - R Muir
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M S Murillo
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J E Murray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Murray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Munro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Murphy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F M Munteanu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Nafziger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Nagayama
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - S R Nagel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Nast
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R A Negres
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Nelson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Nelson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Nelson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Nelson
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - S Nemethy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Neumayer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Newman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Newton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Nguyen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J-M G Di Nicola
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Di Nicola
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Niemann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of California at Los Angeles, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - A Nikroo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Nobile
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Noorai
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R C Nora
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Norton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Nostrand
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Note
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Novell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P F Nowak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Nunez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R A Nyholm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M O'Brien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Oceguera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Oertel
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| | - A L Oesterle
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| | - J Okui
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Olejniczak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Oliveira
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Olsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Olson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Olson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Olson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y P Opachich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Orsi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C D Orth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Owen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Padalino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- SUNY Geneseo, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy, Integrated Science Center, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
| | - E Padilla
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Paisner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Pajoom
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Palaniyappan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Palma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Pannell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Papp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Paras
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Parham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Pasternak
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Ave., Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Patankar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M V Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Patterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Patterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Paul
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Dr., Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA
| | - M Paul
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Pauli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O T Pearce
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Pearcy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A Pedretti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Pedrotti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Peer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L J Pelz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Penetrante
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Penner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Perez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L J Perkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Pernice
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T S Perry
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Person
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Petersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Petersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D L Peterson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E B Peterson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J E Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Peterson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R R Peterson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Philippe
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - D Phillion
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Phipps
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Piceno
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Pickworth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Pino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Piston
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Plummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G D Pollack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S M Pollaine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Ponce
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Ponce
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | | | - J L Porter
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Post
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O Poujade
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - C Powell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Powell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Power
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Pozulp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Prantil
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Prasad
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Pratuch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Price
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Primdahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Prisbrey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Procassini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Pruyne
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Pudliner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S R Qiu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Quan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Quinn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Quintenz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P B Radha
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - F Rainer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Ralph
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K S Raman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Raman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P W Rambo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Rana
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Randewich
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston, RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - D Rardin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Ratledge
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Ravelo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - F Ravizza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rayce
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Raymond
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Raymond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Reed
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Reed
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Reichelt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Reis
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - S Reisdorf
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Rekow
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Rendon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Requieron
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Rever
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Reynolds
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Reynolds
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Rhodes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rhodes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M C Richardson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Rice
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N G Rice
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Rieben
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Rigatti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Riggs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Ring
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Riordan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Riquier
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - C Rivers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Roberts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Roberts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Robertson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - H F Robey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Robles
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Rocha
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Rochau
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Rodriguez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Rodriguez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M D Rosen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Ross
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - J Rouse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Rovang
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A M Rubenchik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M S Rubery
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C L Ruiz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Rushford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Russ
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B S Ryujin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R A Sacks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R F Sacks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Saito
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| | - T Salmon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J D Salmonson
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| | - J Sanchez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Samuelson
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - M Sanchez
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Saroyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Sater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Satsangi
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| | - S Sauers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Saunders
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J P Sauppe
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| | - R Sawicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Sayre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Scanlan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Schaffers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G T Schappert
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Schiaffino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Schlossberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D W Schmidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P F Schmit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Smidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D H G Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M B Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Schneider
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - M Schoff
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Schollmeier
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C R Schroeder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S E Schrauth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H A Scott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Scott
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Scott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R H H Scott
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford, OC11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - C R Scullard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Sedillo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F H Seguin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Senecal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Sepke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Seppala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Sequoia
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Severyn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Sevier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Sewell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Seznec
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - R C Shah
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Shamlian
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Shaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Shaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Shearer
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Shelton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Shen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M W Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A I Shestakov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E L Shi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S J Shin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Shingleton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Shmayda
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Shor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Shoup
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Shuldberg
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Siegel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F J Silva
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A N Simakov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B T Sims
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - D Sinars
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - P Singh
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Skulina
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Skupsky
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Slutz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Sluyter
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - V A Smalyuk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Smauley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R M Smeltser
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Smith
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| | - J Smith
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Smith
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| | - M Schölmerich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Sohn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Sommer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Sorem
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J M Soures
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M L Spaeth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B K Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Speas
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Speck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Speck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Spinka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P T Springer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Stadermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Stahl
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Stahoviak
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| | - J Stanley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L G Stanton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Dept. of Mathematics and Statistics, San José State University, San José, California 95192, USA
| | - R Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Steinman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Stemke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Stephens
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Sterbenz
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - P Sterne
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Stevens
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Stevers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C H Still
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Stoeffl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Stolken
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Stolz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Storm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Stone
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Stoupin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Stout
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Stowers
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| | - R Strauser
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| | - H Streckart
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Streit
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| | - D J Strozzi
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| | - J Stutz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Summers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Suratwala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Sutcliffe
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L J Suter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S B Sutton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Svidzinski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Swadling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Sweet
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Szoke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Tabak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Takagi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Tambazidis
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Tang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Taranowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L A Taylor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Telford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Thi
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C A Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Thomas
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - I J Thompson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - C B Thorsness
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Tietbohl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Tipton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Tobin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Tomlin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Tommasini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A J Toreja
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Torres
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R P J Town
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Townsend
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Trenholme
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Trivelpiece
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Trosseille
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Truax
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Trummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Trummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Truong
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, DC 20585, USA
| | - D Tubbs
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E R Tubman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Tunnell
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R E Turner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Ulitsky
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Upadhye
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Vaher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P VanArsdall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D VanBlarcom
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - R VanQuinlan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B M Van Wonterghem
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W S Varnum
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L Velikovich
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| | - A Vella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C P Verdon
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| | - B Vermillion
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| | - S Vernon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Vesey
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| | - J Vickers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R M Vignes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Visosky
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| | - J Vocke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P L Volegov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Vonhof
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| | - R Von Rotz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H X Vu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Vu
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Wall
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Wall
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Wallace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Wallin
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| | - D Walmer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C A Walsh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C F Walters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Waltz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Wark
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| | - B E Warner
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| | - J Watson
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| | - R G Watt
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| | - J Weaver
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| | - R P Weaver
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Weaver
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C R Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S V Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Wegner
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| | - B Welday
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| | - L Welser-Sherrill
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| | - K Weiss
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| | - K B Wharton
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| | - G F Wheeler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Whistler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R K White
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H D Whitley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Whitman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M E Wickett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Widmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Widmayer
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| | - J Wiedwald
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| | - R Wilcox
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| | - S Wilcox
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| | - C Wild
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| | - B H Wilde
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| | - C H Wilde
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| | - K Wilhelmsen
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| | - M D Wilke
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| | - H Wilkens
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| | - P Wilkins
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| | - S C Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E A Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G J Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W H Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D C Wilson
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| | - B Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Wilson
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| | - R Wilson
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| | - S Winters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P J Wisoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Wittman
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wong
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- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada, 89030, USA
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Bodington R, Boedecker S, Bolduc M, Bolton S, Bond C, Boreky F, Boren K, Bouchi R, Bough L, Bovan D, Bowler C, Bowman L, Brar N, Braun C, Breach A, Breitenfeldt M, Brenner S, Brettschneider B, Brewer A, Brewer G, Brindle V, Brioni E, Brown C, Brown H, Brown L, Brown R, Brown S, Browne D, Bruce K, Brueckmann M, Brunskill N, Bryant M, Brzoska M, Bu Y, Buckman C, Budoff M, Bullen M, Burke A, Burnette S, Burston C, Busch M, Bushnell J, Butler S, Büttner C, Byrne C, Caamano A, Cadorna J, Cafiero C, Cagle M, Cai J, Calabrese K, Calvi C, Camilleri B, Camp S, Campbell D, Campbell R, Cao H, Capelli I, Caple M, Caplin B, Cardone A, Carle J, Carnall V, Caroppo M, Carr S, Carraro G, Carson M, Casares P, Castillo C, Castro C, Caudill B, Cejka V, Ceseri M, Cham L, Chamberlain A, Chambers J, Chan CBT, Chan JYM, Chan YC, Chang E, Chang E, Chant T, Chavagnon T, Chellamuthu P, Chen F, Chen J, Chen P, Chen TM, Chen Y, Chen Y, Cheng C, Cheng H, Cheng MC, Cherney D, Cheung AK, Ching CH, Chitalia N, Choksi R, Chukwu C, Chung K, Cianciolo G, Cipressa L, Clark S, Clarke H, Clarke R, Clarke S, Cleveland B, Cole E, Coles H, Condurache L, Connor A, Convery K, Cooper A, Cooper N, Cooper Z, Cooperman L, Cosgrove L, Coutts P, Cowley A, Craik R, Cui G, Cummins T, Dahl N, Dai H, Dajani L, D'Amelio A, Damian E, Damianik K, Danel L, Daniels C, Daniels T, Darbeau S, Darius H, Dasgupta T, Davies J, Davies L, Davis A, Davis J, Davis L, Dayanandan R, Dayi S, Dayrell R, De Nicola L, Debnath S, Deeb W, Degenhardt S, DeGoursey K, Delaney M, Deo R, DeRaad R, Derebail V, Dev D, Devaux M, Dhall P, Dhillon G, Dienes J, Dobre M, Doctolero E, Dodds V, Domingo D, Donaldson D, Donaldson P, Donhauser C, Donley V, Dorestin S, Dorey S, Doulton T, Draganova D, Draxlbauer K, Driver F, Du H, Dube F, Duck T, Dugal T, Dugas J, Dukka H, Dumann H, Durham W, Dursch M, Dykas R, Easow R, Eckrich E, Eden G, Edmerson E, Edwards H, Ee LW, Eguchi J, Ehrl Y, Eichstadt K, Eid W, Eilerman B, Ejima Y, Eldon H, Ellam T, Elliott L, 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S, Girakossyan I, Girndt M, Giuffrida A, Glenwright M, Glider T, Gloria R, Glowski D, Goh BL, Goh CB, Gohda T, Goldenberg R, Goldfaden R, Goldsmith C, Golson B, Gonce V, Gong Q, Goodenough B, Goodwin N, Goonasekera M, Gordon A, Gordon J, Gore A, Goto H, Goto S, Goto S, Gowen D, Grace A, Graham J, Grandaliano G, Gray M, Green JB, Greene T, Greenwood G, Grewal B, Grifa R, Griffin D, Griffin S, Grimmer P, Grobovaite E, Grotjahn S, Guerini A, Guest C, Gunda S, Guo B, Guo Q, Haack S, Haase M, Haaser K, Habuki K, Hadley A, Hagan S, Hagge S, Haller H, Ham S, Hamal S, Hamamoto Y, Hamano N, Hamm M, Hanburry A, Haneda M, Hanf C, Hanif W, Hansen J, Hanson L, Hantel S, Haraguchi T, Harding E, Harding T, Hardy C, Hartner C, Harun Z, Harvill L, Hasan A, Hase H, Hasegawa F, Hasegawa T, Hashimoto A, Hashimoto C, Hashimoto M, Hashimoto S, Haskett S, Hauske SJ, Hawfield A, Hayami T, Hayashi M, Hayashi S, Haynes R, Hazara A, Healy C, Hecktman J, Heine G, Henderson H, Henschel R, Hepditch A, Herfurth K, 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S, Kiyosue A, Kiyota M, Klauser F, Klausmann G, Kmietschak W, Knapp K, Knight C, Knoppe A, Knott C, Kobayashi M, Kobayashi R, Kobayashi T, Koch M, Kodama S, Kodani N, Kogure E, Koizumi M, Kojima H, Kojo T, Kolhe N, Komaba H, Komiya T, Komori H, Kon SP, Kondo M, Kondo M, Kong W, Konishi M, Kono K, Koshino M, Kosugi T, Kothapalli B, Kozlowski T, Kraemer B, Kraemer-Guth A, Krappe J, Kraus D, Kriatselis C, Krieger C, Krish P, Kruger B, Ku Md Razi KR, Kuan Y, Kubota S, Kuhn S, Kumar P, Kume S, Kummer I, Kumuji R, Küpper A, Kuramae T, Kurian L, Kuribayashi C, Kurien R, Kuroda E, Kurose T, Kutschat A, Kuwabara N, Kuwata H, La Manna G, Lacey M, Lafferty K, LaFleur P, Lai V, Laity E, Lambert A, Landray MJ, Langlois M, Latif F, Latore E, Laundy E, Laurienti D, Lawson A, Lay M, Leal I, Leal I, Lee AK, Lee J, Lee KQ, Lee R, Lee SA, Lee YY, Lee-Barkey Y, Leonard N, Leoncini G, Leong CM, Lerario S, Leslie A, Levin A, Lewington A, Li J, Li N, Li X, Li Y, Liberti L, Liberti ME, Liew A, Liew YF, 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McLaughlin S, McLean N, McNeil L, Measor A, Meek J, Mehta A, Mehta R, Melandri M, Mené P, Meng T, Menne J, Merritt K, Merscher S, Meshykhi C, Messa P, Messinger L, Miftari N, Miller R, Miller Y, Miller-Hodges E, Minatoguchi M, Miners M, Minutolo R, Mita T, Miura Y, Miyaji M, Miyamoto S, Miyatsuka T, Miyazaki M, Miyazawa I, Mizumachi R, Mizuno M, Moffat S, Mohamad Nor FS, Mohamad Zaini SN, Mohamed Affandi FA, Mohandas C, Mohd R, Mohd Fauzi NA, Mohd Sharif NH, Mohd Yusoff Y, Moist L, Moncada A, Montasser M, Moon A, Moran C, Morgan N, Moriarty J, Morig G, Morinaga H, Morino K, Morisaki T, Morishita Y, Morlok S, Morris A, Morris F, Mostafa S, Mostefai Y, Motegi M, Motherwell N, Motta D, Mottl A, Moys R, Mozaffari S, Muir J, Mulhern J, Mulligan S, Munakata Y, Murakami C, Murakoshi M, Murawska A, Murphy K, Murphy L, Murray S, Murtagh H, Musa MA, Mushahar L, Mustafa R, Mustafar R, Muto M, Nadar E, Nagano R, Nagasawa T, Nagashima E, Nagasu H, Nagelberg S, Nair H, Nakagawa Y, Nakahara M, Nakamura J, Nakamura R, Nakamura T, Nakaoka M, Nakashima E, Nakata J, Nakata M, Nakatani S, Nakatsuka A, Nakayama Y, Nakhoul G, Nangaku M, Naverrete G, Navivala A, Nazeer I, Negrea L, Nethaji C, Newman E, Ng SYA, Ng TJ, Ngu LLS, Nimbkar T, Nishi H, Nishi M, Nishi S, Nishida Y, Nishiyama A, Niu J, Niu P, Nobili G, Nohara N, Nojima I, Nolan J, Nosseir H, Nozawa M, Nunn M, Nunokawa S, Oda M, Oe M, Oe Y, Ogane K, Ogawa W, Ogihara T, Oguchi G, Ohsugi M, Oishi K, Okada Y, Okajyo J, Okamoto S, Okamura K, Olufuwa O, Oluyombo R, Omata A, Omori Y, Ong LM, Ong YC, Onyema J, Oomatia A, Oommen A, Oremus R, Orimo Y, Ortalda V, Osaki Y, Osawa Y, Osmond Foster J, O'Sullivan A, Otani T, Othman N, Otomo S, O'Toole J, Owen L, Ozawa T, Padiyar A, Page N, Pajak S, Paliege A, Pandey A, Pandey R, Pariani H, Park J, Parrigon M, Passauer J, Patecki M, Patel M, Patel R, Patel T, Patel Z, Paul R, Paul R, Paulsen L, Pavone L, Peixoto A, Peji J, Peng BC, Peng K, Pennino L, Pereira E, Perez E, Pergola P, Pesce F, Pessolano G, Petchey W, Petr EJ, Pfab T, Phelan P, Phillips R, Phillips T, Phipps M, Piccinni G, Pickett T, Pickworth S, Piemontese M, Pinto D, Piper J, Plummer-Morgan J, Poehler D, Polese L, Poma V, Pontremoli R, Postal A, Pötz C, Power A, Pradhan N, Pradhan R, Preiss D, Preiss E, Preston K, Prib N, Price L, Provenzano C, Pugay C, Pulido R, Putz F, Qiao Y, Quartagno R, Quashie-Akponeware M, Rabara R, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Radhakrishnan D, Radley M, Raff R, Raguwaran S, Rahbari-Oskoui F, Rahman M, Rahmat K, Ramadoss S, Ramanaidu S, Ramasamy S, Ramli R, Ramli S, Ramsey T, Rankin A, Rashidi A, Raymond L, Razali WAFA, Read K, Reiner H, Reisler A, Reith C, Renner J, Rettenmaier B, Richmond L, Rijos D, Rivera R, Rivers V, Robinson H, Rocco M, Rodriguez-Bachiller I, Rodriquez R, Roesch C, Roesch J, Rogers J, Rohnstock M, Rolfsmeier S, Roman M, Romo A, Rosati A, Rosenberg S, Ross T, Rossello X, Roura M, Roussel M, Rovner S, Roy S, Rucker S, Rump L, Ruocco M, Ruse S, Russo F, Russo M, Ryder M, Sabarai A, Saccà C, Sachson R, Sadler E, Safiee NS, Sahani M, Saillant A, Saini J, Saito C, Saito S, Sakaguchi K, Sakai M, Salim H, Salviani C, Sammons E, Sampson A, Samson F, Sandercock P, Sanguila S, Santorelli G, Santoro D, Sarabu N, Saram T, Sardell R, Sasajima H, Sasaki T, Satko S, Sato A, Sato D, Sato H, Sato H, Sato J, Sato T, Sato Y, Satoh M, Sawada K, Schanz M, Scheidemantel F, Schemmelmann M, Schettler E, Schettler V, Schlieper GR, Schmidt C, Schmidt G, Schmidt U, Schmidt-Gurtler H, Schmude M, Schneider A, Schneider I, Schneider-Danwitz C, Schomig M, Schramm T, Schreiber A, Schricker S, Schroppel B, Schulte-Kemna L, Schulz E, Schumacher B, Schuster A, Schwab A, Scolari F, Scott A, Seeger W, Seeger W, Segal M, Seifert L, Seifert M, Sekiya M, Sellars R, Seman MR, Shah S, Shah S, Shainberg L, Shanmuganathan M, Shao F, Sharma K, Sharpe C, Sheikh-Ali M, Sheldon J, Shenton C, Shepherd A, Shepperd M, Sheridan R, Sheriff Z, Shibata Y, Shigehara T, Shikata K, Shimamura K, Shimano H, 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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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P, Pesce F, Pessolano G, Petchey W, Petr EJ, Pfab T, Phelan P, Phillips R, Phillips T, Phipps M, Piccinni G, Pickett T, Pickworth S, Piemontese M, Pinto D, Piper J, Plummer-Morgan J, Poehler D, Polese L, Poma V, Pontremoli R, Postal A, Pötz C, Power A, Pradhan N, Pradhan R, Preiss D, Preiss E, Preston K, Prib N, Price L, Provenzano C, Pugay C, Pulido R, Putz F, Qiao Y, Quartagno R, Quashie-Akponeware M, Rabara R, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Radhakrishnan D, Radley M, Raff R, Raguwaran S, Rahbari-Oskoui F, Rahman M, Rahmat K, Ramadoss S, Ramanaidu S, Ramasamy S, Ramli R, Ramli S, Ramsey T, Rankin A, Rashidi A, Raymond L, Razali WAFA, Read K, Reiner H, Reisler A, Reith C, Renner J, Rettenmaier B, Richmond L, Rijos D, Rivera R, Rivers V, Robinson H, Rocco M, Rodriguez-Bachiller I, Rodriquez R, Roesch C, Roesch J, Rogers J, Rohnstock M, Rolfsmeier S, Roman M, Romo A, Rosati A, Rosenberg S, Ross T, Rossello X, Roura M, Roussel M, Rovner S, Roy S, Rucker S, Rump L, Ruocco M, Ruse S, Russo F, Russo M, Ryder M, Sabarai A, Saccà C, Sachson R, Sadler E, Safiee NS, Sahani M, Saillant A, Saini J, Saito C, Saito S, Sakaguchi K, Sakai M, Salim H, Salviani C, Sammons E, Sampson A, Samson F, Sandercock P, Sanguila S, Santorelli G, Santoro D, Sarabu N, Saram T, Sardell R, Sasajima H, Sasaki T, Satko S, Sato A, Sato D, Sato H, Sato H, Sato J, Sato T, Sato Y, Satoh M, Sawada K, Schanz M, Scheidemantel F, Schemmelmann M, Schettler E, Schettler V, Schlieper GR, Schmidt C, Schmidt G, Schmidt U, Schmidt-Gurtler H, Schmude M, Schneider A, Schneider I, Schneider-Danwitz C, Schomig M, Schramm T, Schreiber A, Schricker S, Schroppel B, Schulte-Kemna L, Schulz E, Schumacher B, Schuster A, Schwab A, Scolari F, Scott A, Seeger W, Seeger W, Segal M, Seifert L, Seifert M, Sekiya M, Sellars R, Seman MR, Shah S, Shah S, Shainberg L, Shanmuganathan M, Shao F, Sharma K, Sharpe C, Sheikh-Ali M, Sheldon J, Shenton C, Shepherd A, Shepperd M, Sheridan R, Sheriff Z, Shibata Y, Shigehara T, Shikata K, Shimamura K, Shimano H, Shimizu Y, Shimoda H, Shin K, Shivashankar G, Shojima N, Silva R, Sim CSB, Simmons K, Sinha S, Sitter T, Sivanandam S, Skipper M, Sloan K, Sloan L, Smith R, Smyth J, Sobande T, Sobata M, Somalanka S, Song X, Sonntag F, Sood B, Sor SY, Soufer J, Sparks H, Spatoliatore G, Spinola T, Squyres S, Srivastava A, Stanfield J, Staplin N, Staylor K, Steele A, Steen O, Steffl D, Stegbauer J, Stellbrink C, Stellbrink E, Stevens W, Stevenson A, Stewart-Ray V, Stickley J, Stoffler D, Stratmann B, Streitenberger S, Strutz F, Stubbs J, Stumpf J, Suazo N, Suchinda P, Suckling R, Sudin A, Sugamori K, Sugawara H, Sugawara K, Sugimoto D, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama H, Sugiyama T, Sullivan M, Sumi M, Suresh N, Sutton D, Suzuki H, Suzuki R, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Suzuki Y, Swanson E, Swift P, Syed S, Szerlip H, Taal M, Taddeo M, Tailor C, Tajima K, Takagi M, Takahashi K, Takahashi K, Takahashi M, Takahashi T, Takahira E, Takai T, Takaoka M, Takeoka J, Takesada A, Takezawa M, Talbot M, Taliercio J, Talsania T, Tamori Y, Tamura R, Tamura Y, Tan CHH, Tan EZZ, Tanabe A, Tanabe K, Tanaka A, Tanaka A, Tanaka N, Tang S, Tang Z, Tanigaki K, Tarlac M, Tatsuzawa A, Tay JF, Tay LL, Taylor J, Taylor K, Taylor K, Te A, Tenbusch L, Teng KS, Terakawa A, Terry J, Tham ZD, Tholl S, Thomas G, Thong KM, Tietjen D, Timadjer A, Tindall H, Tipper S, Tobin K, Toda N, Tokuyama A, Tolibas M, Tomita A, Tomita T, Tomlinson J, Tonks L, Topf J, Topping S, Torp A, Torres A, Totaro F, Toth P, Toyonaga Y, Tripodi F, Trivedi K, Tropman E, Tschope D, Tse J, Tsuji K, Tsunekawa S, Tsunoda R, Tucky B, Tufail S, Tuffaha A, Turan E, Turner H, Turner J, Turner M, Tuttle KR, Tye YL, Tyler A, Tyler J, Uchi H, Uchida H, Uchida T, Uchida T, Udagawa T, Ueda S, Ueda Y, Ueki K, Ugni S, Ugwu E, Umeno R, Unekawa C, Uozumi K, Urquia K, Valleteau A, Valletta C, van Erp R, Vanhoy C, Varad V, Varma R, Varughese A, Vasquez P, Vasseur A, Veelken R, Velagapudi C, Verdel K, Vettoretti S, Vezzoli G, Vielhauer V, Viera R, Vilar E, Villaruel S, Vinall L, Vinathan J, Visnjic M, Voigt E, von-Eynatten M, Vourvou M, Wada J, Wada J, Wada T, Wada Y, Wakayama K, Wakita Y, Wallendszus K, Walters T, Wan Mohamad WH, Wang L, Wang W, Wang X, Wang X, Wang Y, Wanner C, Wanninayake S, Watada H, Watanabe K, Watanabe K, Watanabe M, Waterfall H, Watkins D, Watson S, Weaving L, Weber B, Webley Y, Webster A, Webster M, Weetman M, Wei W, Weihprecht H, Weiland L, Weinmann-Menke J, Weinreich T, Wendt R, Weng Y, Whalen M, Whalley G, Wheatley R, Wheeler A, Wheeler J, Whelton P, White K, Whitmore B, Whittaker S, Wiebel J, Wiley J, Wilkinson L, Willett M, Williams A, Williams E, Williams K, Williams T, Wilson A, Wilson P, Wincott L, Wines E, Winkelmann B, Winkler M, Winter-Goodwin B, Witczak J, Wittes J, Wittmann M, Wolf G, Wolf L, Wolfling R, Wong C, Wong E, Wong HS, Wong LW, Wong YH, Wonnacott A, Wood A, Wood L, Woodhouse H, Wooding N, Woodman A, Wren K, Wu J, Wu P, Xia S, Xiao H, Xiao X, Xie Y, Xu C, Xu Y, Xue H, Yahaya H, Yalamanchili H, Yamada A, Yamada N, Yamagata K, Yamaguchi M, Yamaji Y, Yamamoto A, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto S, Yamamoto T, Yamanaka A, Yamano T, Yamanouchi Y, Yamasaki N, Yamasaki Y, Yamasaki Y, Yamashita C, Yamauchi T, Yan Q, Yanagisawa E, Yang F, Yang L, Yano S, Yao S, Yao Y, Yarlagadda S, Yasuda Y, Yiu V, Yokoyama T, Yoshida S, Yoshidome E, Yoshikawa H, Young A, Young T, Yousif V, Yu H, Yu Y, Yuasa K, Yusof N, Zalunardo N, Zander B, Zani R, Zappulo F, Zayed M, Zemann B, Zettergren P, Zhang H, Zhang L, Zhang L, Zhang N, Zhang X, Zhao J, Zhao L, Zhao S, Zhao Z, Zhong H, Zhou N, Zhou S, Zhu D, Zhu L, Zhu S, Zietz M, Zippo M, Zirino F, Zulkipli FH. Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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An P, Awe C, Barbeau PS, Becker B, Belov V, Bernardi I, Bock C, Bolozdynya A, Bouabid R, Brown A, Browning J, Cabrera-Palmer B, Cervantes M, Conley E, Daughhetee J, Detwiler J, Ding K, Durand MR, Efremenko Y, Elliott SR, Fabris L, Febbraro M, Gallo Rosso A, Galindo-Uribarri A, Germer AC, Green MP, Hakenmüller J, Heath MR, Hedges S, Hughes M, Johnson BA, Johnson T, Khromov A, Konovalov A, Kozlova E, Kumpan A, Kyzylova O, Li L, Link JM, Liu J, Mahoney M, Major A, Mann K, Markoff DM, Mastroberti J, Mattingly J, Mueller PE, Newby J, Parno DS, Penttila SI, Pershey D, Prior CG, Rapp R, Ray H, Raybern J, Razuvaeva O, Reyna D, Rich GC, Ross J, Rudik D, Runge J, Salvat DJ, Sander J, Scholberg K, Shakirov A, Simakov G, Sinev G, Skuse C, Snow WM, Sosnovtsev V, Subedi T, Suh B, Tayloe R, Tellez-Giron-Flores K, Tsai YT, Ujah E, Vanderwerp J, van Nieuwenhuizen EE, Varner RL, Virtue CJ, Visser G, Walkup K, Ward EM, Wongjirad T, Yoo J, Yu CH, Zawada A, Zettlemoyer J, Zderic A. Measurement of Electron-Neutrino Charged-Current Cross Sections on ^{127}I with the COHERENT NaIνE Detector. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:221801. [PMID: 38101357 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.221801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Using an 185-kg NaI[Tl] array, COHERENT has measured the inclusive electron-neutrino charged-current cross section on ^{127}I with pion decay-at-rest neutrinos produced by the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Iodine is one the heaviest targets for which low-energy (≤50 MeV) inelastic neutrino-nucleus processes have been measured, and this is the first measurement of its inclusive cross section. After a five-year detector exposure, COHERENT reports a flux-averaged cross section for electron neutrinos of 9.2_{-1.8}^{+2.1}×10^{-40} cm^{2}. This corresponds to a value that is ∼41% lower than predicted using the MARLEY event generator with a measured Gamow-Teller strength distribution. In addition, the observed visible spectrum from charged-current scattering on ^{127}I has been measured between 10 and 55 MeV, and the exclusive zero-neutron and one-or-more-neutron emission cross sections are measured to be 5.2_{-3.1}^{+3.4}×10^{-40} and 2.2_{-0.5}^{+0.4}×10^{-40} cm^{2}, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- P An
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Awe
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - P S Barbeau
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - B Becker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - V Belov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation
| | - I Bernardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - C Bock
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Bolozdynya
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - R Bouabid
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Brown
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - J Browning
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | | | - M Cervantes
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - E Conley
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Daughhetee
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - K Ding
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M R Durand
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Y Efremenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Fabris
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Febbraro
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A Gallo Rosso
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - A Galindo-Uribarri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A C Germer
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - M P Green
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Hakenmüller
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M R Heath
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Hedges
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Hughes
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - B A Johnson
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Khromov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - A Konovalov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - E Kozlova
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - A Kumpan
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - O Kyzylova
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - L Li
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J M Link
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M Mahoney
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - A Major
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - K Mann
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - D M Markoff
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - J Mastroberti
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Mattingly
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - P E Mueller
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Newby
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D S Parno
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S I Penttila
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D Pershey
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C G Prior
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Rapp
- Washington & Jefferson College, Washington, Pennsylvania 15301, USA
| | - H Ray
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Raybern
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - O Razuvaeva
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation
| | - D Reyna
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G C Rich
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Ross
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - D Rudik
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - J Runge
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K Scholberg
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Shakirov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - G Simakov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123182, Russian Federation
| | - G Sinev
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Skuse
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - W M Snow
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - V Sosnovtsev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - T Subedi
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
- Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, Concord University, Athens, West Virginia 24712, USA
| | - B Suh
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Tayloe
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | | | - Y-T Tsai
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - E Ujah
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - J Vanderwerp
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - E E van Nieuwenhuizen
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C J Virtue
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - G Visser
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - K Walkup
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - E M Ward
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Korea
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A Zawada
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Zettlemoyer
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A Zderic
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
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Trebes H, Wang Y, Reynolds E, Tiplady K, Harland C, Lopdell T, Johnson T, Davis S, Harris B, Spelman R, Couldrey C. Identification of candidate novel production variants on the Bos taurus chromosome X. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:7799-7815. [PMID: 37562645 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-23095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Chromosome X is often excluded from bovine genetic studies due to complications caused by the sex specific nature of the chromosome. As chromosome X is the second largest cattle chromosome and makes up approximately 6% of the female genome, finding ways to include chromosome X in dairy genetic studies is important. Using female animals and treating chromosome X as an autosome, we performed X chromosome inclusive genome-wide association studies in the selective breeding environment of the New Zealand dairy industry, aiming to identify chromosome X variants associated with milk production traits. We report on the findings of these genome-wide association studies and their potential effect within the dairy industry. We identify missense mutations in the MOSPD1 and CCDC160 genes that are associated with decreased milk volume and protein production and increased fat production. Both of these mutations are exonic SNP that are more prevalent in the Jersey breed than in Holstein-Friesians. Of the 2 candidates proposed it is likely that only one is causal, though we have not been able to identify which is more likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Trebes
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand.
| | - Y Wang
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - E Reynolds
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - K Tiplady
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - C Harland
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - T Lopdell
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - T Johnson
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - S Davis
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - B Harris
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - R Spelman
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - C Couldrey
- Research and Development, Livestock Improvement Corporation, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
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Brown E, Jr GAF, Shelton A, Johnson T, Chen C, Shaheen S, Holden TL, Dao VA, Bien JYE, King D, Vitzthum L, Kirilcuk N, Morris A, Kin C, Dawes A, Sheth V, Chang DT, Pollom E. A Technology-Informed Approach to Clinical Trial Equity. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e8. [PMID: 37786184 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Despite efforts to increase participation of diverse communities in clinical trials, ethnic/racial minorities remain underrepresented. One such determinant may be lack of access to a comprehensive cancer center that conducts clinical research. Historically, our institution has had low accrual from rural regions further away from our cancer center, with Hispanic or Latino (HL) patients (pts) being especially underrepresented in our clinical research. In this study, we explored the impact of a clinical trial that allowed pts to receive chemotherapy (chemo) with their local oncologist. We hypothesize that allowing pts to receive chemo locally will lead to higher rates of enrollment from populations under-represented in clinical trials. MATERIALS/METHODS We conducted a study for pts with rectal cancer to undergo short-course radiation followed by 4 months of chemo with the option to pursue watch and wait if pts achieve a clinical complete response. Radiation was administered at our institution while pts could receive standard-of-care chemo closer to home with their local oncologist. For pts who received chemo locally, the research coordinator and co-investigators held video visits with the pts prior to each chemo infusion to review adverse events (AE), labs, and chemo dosing. We compared demographic data of pts on this trial with that of pts enrolled across all adult therapeutic oncologic clinical trials over the same time period at our institution. Distance to our institution was calculated based on pts' primary residence zip code. Protocol compliance with AE reporting for pts who received chemo locally was assessed by chart review. RESULTS Between May 2020 and January 2023, 24/35 enrolled pts completed both radiation and chemo on trial. 13/24 pts (54%) received chemo locally. Of the 24 pts, 16 were White (67%), 7 Asian (29%), 1 Native Hawaiian/ Pacific Islander (4%). Of all enrolled patients, 4 were HL (16.7%), compared to our institutional average of 16.5%. All enrolled HL pts received their chemo locally. The average distance traveled by non-HL pts from their home to our institution was 87.7 miles (range 5.1 - 308). In contrast, HL pts traveled an average of 147.8 miles (range 110 - 249), 68% further than their non-HL counterparts. There was 100% compliance with AE reporting among those pts who received their chemo locally. CONCLUSION Although the percentage of HL participation in our study was consistent with our institutional average, all HL pts enrolled on the trial received treatment locally and lived substantially further from our institution than non-HL. By allowing pts to receive this part of treatment locally, we provided pts who live further away an opportunity to engage in clinical research without the associated financial and time toxicities related with traveling for treatment. By decentralizing clinical trials and leveraging telemedicine, we can promote the participation of under-represented groups in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Brown
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - G A Fisher Jr
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - A Shelton
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - T Johnson
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - C Chen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - S Shaheen
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - T L Holden
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - V A Dao
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - J Y E Bien
- Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara Medical Center, Santa Clara, CA
| | - D King
- Department of Medical Oncology/Hematology, Northwell Health Cancer Institute, New Hyde Park, NY
| | - L Vitzthum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - N Kirilcuk
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - A Morris
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - C Kin
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - A Dawes
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - V Sheth
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - D T Chang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - E Pollom
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
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10
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Ghattas YS, Kyin C, Grise A, Glasser J, Johnson T, Druskovich K, Cannada LK, Service BC. Trends in Female Authorship in Orthopaedic Literature from 2002 to 2021: An Analysis of 168,451 Authors. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2023; 105:1285-1294. [PMID: 37155604 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.22.01290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant gender disparity exists in orthopaedic surgery. While women have increasingly entered the field, we are short of the critical mass needed to drive change, including in authorship. This study aimed to characterize trends in authorship in peer-reviewed orthopaedic journals in the context of gender. METHODS This is a cross-sectional bibliometric study of orthopaedic journals in the United States. Articles that were indexed in the orthopaedic category of the Clarivate Journal Citation Report (JCR) and the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) were analyzed (n = 82). Journals not originating from the U.S. (n = 43) or not considered primarily orthopaedic journals (n = 13) were excluded. The 2020 impact factors (IFs) of the remaining 26 journals were recorded. The articles underwent automated data collection from PubMed for January 2002 to December 2021 using R software to collect the title, the journal, the publication year, the first and senior author names, and the country of origin. Gender was determined by Gender API ( https://gender-api.com ). Names with <90% accuracy were excluded. RESULTS Overall, 168,451 names were studied, with 85,845 and 82,606 first and senior authors, respectively. Of the first and senior authors, 13.6% and 9.9%, respectively, were female. The proportion of female first authors was significantly greater than the proportion of female senior authors. The average IF was significantly higher for male authors compared with female authors (p < 0.005). Articles with female first authors were significantly more likely to have a female senior author. Orthopaedic subspecialty journals had a smaller proportion of manuscripts authored by female first and senior authors than general journals (p < 0.0001). There were 4,451 articles written by a single author, of which 92% (4,093) were written by a man and 8% (358) were written by a woman. Over the 20-year study period, the proportion of female first authorship exhibited a significant positive trend; however, there was a non-significant increase in female senior authorship. CONCLUSIONS Female representation in orthopaedics has been growing over the past decade. Increasing publication rates of female authors reveal steps toward positive gender equity in the field and present an opportunity for female leadership visibility, illustrating the capabilities of women in orthopaedics and encouraging more women to join the field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cynthia Kyin
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Alison Grise
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Jillian Glasser
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Orlando Health Jewett Orthopedic Institute, Orlando, Florida
| | | | - Lisa K Cannada
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
- Novant Health Orthopedics, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Benjamin C Service
- University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida
- Orlando Health Jewett Orthopedic Institute, Orlando, Florida
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11
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Winzenried ET, Everett AC, Saito ER, Miller RM, Johnson T, Neal E, Boyce Z, Smith C, Jensen C, Kimball S, Brantley A, Melendez G, Moffat D, Davis E, Aponik L, Crofts T, Dabney B, Edwards JG. Effects of a True Prophylactic Treatment on Hippocampal and Amygdala Synaptic Plasticity and Gene Expression in a Rodent Chronic Stress Model of Social Defeat. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11193. [PMID: 37446371 PMCID: PMC10342862 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a complex stress-related disorder induced by exposure to traumatic stress that is characterized by symptoms of re-experiencing, avoidance, and hyper-arousal. While it is widely accepted that brain regions involved in emotional regulation and memory-e.g., the amygdala and hippocampus-are dysregulated in PTSD, the pathophysiology of the disorder is not well defined and therefore, pharmacological interventions are extremely limited. Because stress hormones norepinephrine and cortisol (corticosterone in rats) are heavily implicated in the disorder, we explored whether preemptively and systemically antagonizing β-adrenergic and glucocorticoid receptors with propranolol and mifepristone are sufficient to mitigate pathological changes in synaptic plasticity, gene expression, and anxiety induced by a modified social defeat (SD) stress protocol. Young adult, male Sprague Dawley rats were initially pre-screened for anxiety. The rats were then exposed to SD and chronic light stress to induce anxiety-like symptoms. Drug-treated rats were administered propranolol and mifepristone injections prior to and continuing throughout SD stress. Using competitive ELISAs on plasma, field electrophysiology at CA1 of the ventral hippocampus (VH) and the basolateral amygdala (BLA), quantitative RT-PCR, and behavior assays, we demonstrate that our SD stress increased anxiety-like behavior, elevated long-term potentiation (LTP) in the VH and BLA, and altered the expression of mineralocorticoid, glucocorticoid, and glutamate receptors. These measures largely reverted to control levels with the administration of propranolol and mifepristone. Our findings indicate that SD stress increases LTP in the VH and BLA and that prophylactic treatment with propranolol and mifepristone may have the potential in mitigating these and other stress-induced effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna C. Everett
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Erin R. Saito
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Roxanne M. Miller
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Eliza Neal
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Zachary Boyce
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Calvin Smith
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Chloe Jensen
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Spencer Kimball
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Adam Brantley
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Gabriel Melendez
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Devin Moffat
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Erin Davis
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Lyndsey Aponik
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Tyler Crofts
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Bryson Dabney
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Jeffrey G. Edwards
- Neuroscience Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
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12
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McLarney M, Johnson T, Bajaj G, Lee D, Zheng J. Cancer Pain and Frailty: A Scoping Review of How Cancer Pain Is Evaluated and Treated in the Frail and Elderly. Rehabilitation Oncology 2023. [DOI: 10.1097/01.reo.0000000000000338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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13
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Akimov D, An P, Awe C, Barbeau PS, Becker B, Belov V, Bernardi I, Blackston MA, Bock C, Bolozdynya A, Browning J, Cabrera-Palmer B, Chernyak D, Conley E, Daughhetee J, Detwiler J, Ding K, Durand MR, Efremenko Y, Elliott SR, Fabris L, Febbraro M, Gallo Rosso A, Galindo-Uribarri A, Green MP, Heath MR, Hedges S, Hoang D, Hughes M, Johnson T, Khromov A, Konovalov A, Kozlova E, Kumpan A, Li L, Link JM, Liu J, Mann K, Markoff DM, Mastroberti J, Mueller PE, Newby J, Parno DS, Penttila SI, Pershey D, Rapp R, Raybern J, Razuvaeva O, Reyna D, Rich GC, Ross J, Rudik D, Runge J, Salvat DJ, Salyapongse AM, Sander J, Scholberg K, Shakirov A, Simakov G, Sinev G, Snow WM, Sosnovtsev V, Suh B, Tayloe R, Tellez-Giron-Flores K, Tolstukhin I, Ujah E, Vanderwerp J, Varner RL, Virtue CJ, Visser G, Wongjirad T, Yen YR, Yoo J, Yu CH, Zettlemoyer J. First Probe of Sub-GeV Dark Matter beyond the Cosmological Expectation with the COHERENT CsI Detector at the SNS. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 130:051803. [PMID: 36800477 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.051803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The COHERENT Collaboration searched for scalar dark matter particles produced at the Spallation Neutron Source with masses between 1 and 220 MeV/c^{2} using a CsI[Na] scintillation detector sensitive to nuclear recoils above 9 keV_{nr}. No evidence for dark matter is found and we thus place limits on allowed parameter space. With this low-threshold detector, we are sensitive to coherent elastic scattering between dark matter and nuclei. The cross section for this process is orders of magnitude higher than for other processes historically used for accelerator-based direct-detection searches so that our small, 14.6 kg detector significantly improves on past constraints. At peak sensitivity, we reject the flux consistent with the cosmologically observed dark-matter concentration for all coupling constants α_{D}<0.64, assuming a scalar dark-matter particle. We also calculate the sensitivity of future COHERENT detectors to dark-matter signals which will ambitiously test multiple dark-matter spin scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Akimov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - P An
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Awe
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - P S Barbeau
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - B Becker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - V Belov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - I Bernardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M A Blackston
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C Bock
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Bolozdynya
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - J Browning
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | | | - D Chernyak
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - E Conley
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Daughhetee
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - K Ding
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M R Durand
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Y Efremenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Fabris
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Febbraro
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A Gallo Rosso
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - A Galindo-Uribarri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M P Green
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - M R Heath
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Hedges
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, 94550, USA
| | - D Hoang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M Hughes
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Khromov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - A Konovalov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - E Kozlova
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - A Kumpan
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - L Li
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J M Link
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J Liu
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K Mann
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - D M Markoff
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - J Mastroberti
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P E Mueller
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Newby
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D S Parno
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S I Penttila
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D Pershey
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Rapp
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - J Raybern
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - O Razuvaeva
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - D Reyna
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G C Rich
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Ross
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - D Rudik
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - J Runge
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A M Salyapongse
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - J Sander
- Department of Physics, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K Scholberg
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Shakirov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - G Simakov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 123182, Russian Federation
| | - G Sinev
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - W M Snow
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - V Sosnovtsev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - B Suh
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Tayloe
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | | | - I Tolstukhin
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - E Ujah
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Vanderwerp
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C J Virtue
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - G Visser
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Y-R Yen
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Zettlemoyer
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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14
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Nyatela A, Nqakala S, Singh L, Johnson T, Gumede S. Self-care can be an alternative to expand access to universal health care: What policy makers, governments and implementers can consider for South Africa. Front Reprod Health 2022; 4:1073246. [PMID: 36545492 PMCID: PMC9760858 DOI: 10.3389/frph.2022.1073246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As a result of collaboration amongst the various decision-makers in the field of healthcare, there has been an improvement in the access to healthcare and living conditions globally. Nonetheless, poorer communities continue to benefit the least from public investment. To bridge the gap, self-care can be a viable alternative as it allows individuals and communities to reduce their dependence on government healthcare solutions. Barriers to self-care do exist. Some of these are cost effectiveness, usability of self-care instruments, differentiated strategies and linkage to care. In identifying these obstacles, it is also worthwhile to investigate how they can be mitigated. To encourage sustained self-care in the HIV continuum, contextual factors as well as the manner in which individuals and communities engage with self-care must be considered. In South Africa, multiple variables come into play: literacy levels, cultural influences, socio-economic conditions and access to resources are some of these. Evidence demonstrates how self-care can be promoted by various stakeholders re-strategising to tweak and in some cases totally change existing structures. This paper explores some of the transformations, like at a governmental level where the supply of HIV self-testing kits is increased, at a production level where instructions for use are reformatting, in communities where sports programmes fulfil the dual purpose of developing sport skills and providing HIV education concurrently, and at an individual level where greater awareness invites greater participation in self-care. While self-care is a promising proposal, it is not a replacement for traditional health-care practices, but a complementary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athini Nyatela
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,Correspondence: Athini Nyatela
| | - Sizwe Nqakala
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Leanne Singh
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Siphamandla Gumede
- Ezintsha, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa,Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Kirsanov O, Johnson T, Malachowski T, Niedenberger BA, Gilbert EA, Bhowmick D, Ozdinler PH, Gray DA, Fisher-Wellman K, Hermann BP, Geyer CB. Modeling mammalian spermatogonial differentiation and meiotic initiation in vitro. Development 2022; 149:282465. [PMID: 36250451 PMCID: PMC9845750 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In mammalian testes, premeiotic spermatogonia respond to retinoic acid by completing an essential lengthy differentiation program before initiating meiosis. The molecular and cellular changes directing these developmental processes remain largely undefined. This wide gap in knowledge is due to two unresolved technical challenges: (1) lack of robust and reliable in vitro models to study differentiation and meiotic initiation; and (2) lack of methods to isolate large and pure populations of male germ cells at each stage of differentiation and at meiotic initiation. Here, we report a facile in vitro differentiation and meiotic initiation system that can be readily manipulated, including the use of chemical agents that cannot be safely administered to live animals. In addition, we present a transgenic mouse model enabling fluorescence-activated cell sorting-based isolation of millions of spermatogonia at specific developmental stages as well as meiotic spermatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oleksandr Kirsanov
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Taylor Malachowski
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Bryan A. Niedenberger
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Emma A. Gilbert
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - Debajit Bhowmick
- Flow Cytometry Facility, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
| | - P. Hande Ozdinler
- Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60611, USA
| | - Douglas A. Gray
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, K1H 8M5, Canada,Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Kelsey Fisher-Wellman
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA
| | - Brian P. Hermann
- Department of Neuroscience, Developmental and Regenerative Biology, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Christopher B. Geyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27858, USA,Author for correspondence ()
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Akimov D, An P, Awe C, Barbeau P, Becker B, Belov V, Bernardi I, Blackston M, Bock C, Bolozdynya A, Bouabid R, Browning J, Cabrera-Palmer B, Chernyak D, Conley E, Daughhetee J, Detwiler J, Ding K, Durand M, Efremenko Y, Elliott S, Fabris L, Febbraro M, Gallo Rosso A, Galindo-Uribarri A, Green M, Heath M, Hedges S, Hoang D, Hughes M, Johnson B, Johnson T, Khromov A, Konovalov A, Kozlova E, Kumpan A, Li L, Link J, Liu J, Major A, Mann K, Markoff D, Mastroberti J, Mattingly J, Mueller P, Newby J, Parno D, Penttila S, Pershey D, Prior C, Rapp R, Ray H, Razuvaeva O, Reyna D, Rich G, Ross J, Rudik D, Runge J, Salvat D, Salyapongse A, Sander J, Scholberg K, Shakirov A, Simakov G, Snow W, Sosnovstsev V, Suh B, Tayloe R, Tellez-Giron-Flores K, Tolstukhin I, Ujah E, Vanderwerp J, Varner R, Virtue C, Visser G, Wongjirad T, Yen YR, Yoo J, Yu CH, Zettlemoyer J. COHERENT constraint on leptophobic dark matter using CsI data. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.052004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Goldman J, Cummings A, Mendenhall M, Velez M, Babu S, Johnson T, Alcantar J, Dakhil S, Kanamori D, Lawler W, Anand S, Chauv J, Garon E, Slamon D. OA12.03 Phase 2 Study Analysis of Talazoparib (TALA) Plus Temozolomide (TMZ) for Extensive-Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer (ES-SCLC). J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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18
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Akimov D, An P, Awe C, Barbeau PS, Becker B, Belov V, Bernardi I, Blackston MA, Bock C, Bolozdynya A, Browning J, Cabrera-Palmer B, Chernyak D, Conley E, Daughhetee J, Detwiler J, Ding K, Durand MR, Efremenko Y, Elliott SR, Fabris L, Febbraro M, Gallo Rosso A, Galindo-Uribarri A, Green MP, Heath MR, Hedges S, Hoang D, Hughes M, Johnson T, Khromov A, Konovalov A, Kozlova E, Kumpan A, Li L, Link JM, Liu J, Mann K, Markoff DM, Mastroberti J, Mueller PE, Newby J, Parno DS, Penttila SI, Pershey D, Rapp R, Ray H, Raybern J, Razuvaeva O, Reyna D, Rich GC, Ross J, Rudik D, Runge J, Salvat DJ, Salyapongse AM, Scholberg K, Shakirov A, Simakov G, Sinev G, Snow WM, Sosnovstsev V, Suh B, Tayloe R, Tellez-Giron-Flores K, Tolstukhin I, Ujah E, Vanderwerp J, Varner RL, Virtue CJ, Visser G, Wongjirad T, Yen YR, Yoo J, Yu CH, Zettlemoyer J. Measurement of the Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering Cross Section on CsI by COHERENT. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:081801. [PMID: 36053683 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.081801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We measured the cross section of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) using a CsI[Na] scintillating crystal in a high flux of neutrinos produced at the Spallation Neutron Source at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. New data collected before detector decommissioning have more than doubled the dataset since the first observation of CEvNS, achieved with this detector. Systematic uncertainties have also been reduced with an updated quenching model, allowing for improved precision. With these analysis improvements, the COHERENT Collaboration determined the cross section to be (165_{-25}^{+30})×10^{-40} cm^{2}, consistent with the standard model, giving the most precise measurement of CEvNS yet. The timing structure of the neutrino beam has been exploited to compare the CEvNS cross section from scattering of different neutrino flavors. This result places leading constraints on neutrino nonstandard interactions while testing lepton flavor universality and measures the weak mixing angle as sin^{2}θ_{W}=0.220_{-0.026}^{+0.028} at Q^{2}≈(50 MeV)^{2}.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Akimov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - P An
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Awe
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - P S Barbeau
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - B Becker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - V Belov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
| | - I Bernardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M A Blackston
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C Bock
- Physics Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - A Bolozdynya
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - J Browning
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | | | - D Chernyak
- Physics Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - E Conley
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Daughhetee
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - K Ding
- Physics Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - M R Durand
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Y Efremenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Fabris
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Febbraro
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A Gallo Rosso
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - A Galindo-Uribarri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M P Green
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - M R Heath
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Hedges
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Hoang
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - M Hughes
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Khromov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - A Konovalov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
| | - E Kozlova
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
| | - A Kumpan
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - L Li
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J M Link
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J Liu
- Physics Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K Mann
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - D M Markoff
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - J Mastroberti
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P E Mueller
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Newby
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D S Parno
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S I Penttila
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D Pershey
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R Rapp
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - H Ray
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Raybern
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - O Razuvaeva
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
| | - D Reyna
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G C Rich
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J Ross
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - D Rudik
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - J Runge
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A M Salyapongse
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - K Scholberg
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Shakirov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - G Simakov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow 117218, Russian Federation
| | - G Sinev
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - W M Snow
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - V Sosnovstsev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow 115409, Russian Federation
| | - B Suh
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Tayloe
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | | | - I Tolstukhin
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - E Ujah
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - J Vanderwerp
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C J Virtue
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - G Visser
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Y-R Yen
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Zettlemoyer
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Hamilton MCK, Charters PFP, Lyen S, Harries IB, Armstrong L, Richards GHC, Strange JW, Johnson T, Manghat NE. Computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (FFR CT) has no additional clinical impact over the anatomical Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) in real-world elective healthcare of coronary artery disease. Clin Radiol 2022; 77:883-890. [PMID: 35985847 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the impact of computed tomography-derived fractional flow reserve (FFRCT) compared to the anatomical Coronary Artery Disease - Reporting and Data System (CAD-RADS) in the elective assessment of coronary artery disease in real-world cardiology practise. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective review was undertaken of 1,239 coronary CT examinations from August 2018 to December 2019 with a minimum follow-up period of 1 year. Coronary disease was classified according to the CAD-RADS system. A non-occlusive ≥30% maximum diameter stenosis was considered eligible for FFRCT. Lesion-specific FFRCT and FFR were considered positive if ≤ 0.80. The patients were followed up using the hospital radiology information system and the electronic patient record. A positive outcome was defined by a subsequent invasive angiogram (ICA) showing disease requiring revascularisation or FFR ≤0.80 or a positive stress test or medical therapy for angina in CAD-RADS 4. RESULTS Of the 1,145 analysable studies (mean follow up 618 ± 153 days) the incidence of a positive result was 7% with a 5.4% elective revascularisation rate. Two hundred and forty-five patients (CAD-RADS 2-4) had FFRCT. FFRCT reduced the accuracy of the CAD-RADS grade from 91% to 78.4% (p<0.001). In CAD-RADS 2, the accuracy is reduced from 99% to 90.7% (p=0.005), and in CAD-RADS 3 from 93.9% to 67.7% (p<0.001). In CAD-RADS 4, FFRCT increases accuracy from 69.4% to 75.5% (p=0.025), but 89.8% of FFRCT are positive and specificity is low (26.7%). CONCLUSION In the present "real-world" practise, FFRCT does not improve standard radiological assessment of coronary disease graded by the CAD-RADS alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C K Hamilton
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK.
| | - P F P Charters
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - S Lyen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - I B Harries
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK; Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - L Armstrong
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - G H C Richards
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - J W Strange
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - T Johnson
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - N E Manghat
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
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Abu-Shawareb H, Acree R, Adams P, Adams J, Addis B, Aden R, Adrian P, Afeyan BB, Aggleton M, Aghaian L, Aguirre A, Aikens D, Akre J, Albert F, Albrecht M, Albright BJ, Albritton J, Alcala J, Alday C, Alessi DA, Alexander N, Alfonso J, Alfonso N, Alger E, Ali SJ, Ali ZA, Alley WE, Amala P, Amendt PA, Amick P, Ammula S, Amorin C, Ampleford DJ, Anderson RW, Anklam T, Antipa N, Appelbe B, Aracne-Ruddle C, Araya E, Arend M, Arnold P, Arnold T, Asay J, Atherton LJ, Atkinson D, Atkinson R, Auerbach JM, Austin B, Auyang L, Awwal AS, Ayers J, Ayers S, Ayers T, Azevedo S, Bachmann B, Back CA, Bae J, Bailey DS, Bailey J, Baisden T, Baker KL, Baldis H, Barber D, Barberis M, Barker D, Barnes A, Barnes CW, Barrios MA, Barty C, Bass I, Batha SH, Baxamusa SH, Bazan G, Beagle JK, Beale R, Beck BR, Beck JB, Bedzyk M, Beeler RG, Beeler RG, Behrendt W, Belk L, Bell P, Belyaev M, Benage JF, Bennett G, Benedetti LR, Benedict LX, Berger R, Bernat T, Bernstein LA, Berry B, Bertolini L, Besenbruch G, Betcher J, Bettenhausen R, Betti R, Bezzerides B, Bhandarkar SD, Bickel R, Biener J, Biesiada T, Bigelow K, Bigelow-Granillo J, Bigman V, Bionta RM, Birge NW, Bitter M, Black AC, Bleile R, Bleuel DL, Bliss E, Bliss E, Blue B, Boehly T, Boehm K, Boley CD, Bonanno R, Bond EJ, Bond T, Bonino MJ, Borden M, Bourgade JL, Bousquet J, Bowers J, Bowers M, Boyd R, Bozek A, Bradley DK, Bradley KS, Bradley PA, Bradley L, Brannon L, Brantley PS, Braun D, Braun T, Brienza-Larsen K, Briggs TM, Britten J, Brooks ED, Browning D, Bruhn MW, Brunner TA, Bruns H, Brunton G, Bryant B, Buczek T, Bude J, Buitano L, Burkhart S, Burmark J, Burnham A, Burr R, Busby LE, Butlin B, Cabeltis R, Cable M, Cabot WH, Cagadas B, Caggiano J, Cahayag R, Caldwell SE, Calkins S, Callahan DA, Calleja-Aguirre J, Camara L, Camp D, Campbell EM, Campbell JH, Carey B, Carey R, Carlisle K, Carlson L, Carman L, Carmichael J, Carpenter A, Carr C, Carrera JA, Casavant D, Casey A, Casey DT, Castillo A, Castillo E, Castor JI, Castro C, Caughey W, Cavitt R, Celeste J, Celliers PM, Cerjan C, Chandler G, Chang B, Chang C, Chang J, Chang L, Chapman R, Chapman T, Chase L, Chen H, Chen H, Chen K, Chen LY, Cheng B, Chittenden J, Choate C, Chou J, Chrien RE, Chrisp M, Christensen K, Christensen M, Christopherson AR, Chung M, Church JA, Clark A, Clark DS, Clark K, Clark R, Claus L, Cline B, Cline JA, Cobble JA, Cochrane K, Cohen B, Cohen S, Collette MR, Collins G, Collins LA, Collins TJB, Conder A, Conrad B, Conyers M, Cook AW, Cook D, Cook R, Cooley JC, Cooper G, Cope T, Copeland SR, Coppari F, Cortez J, Cox J, Crandall DH, Crane J, Craxton RS, Cray M, Crilly A, Crippen JW, Cross D, Cuneo M, Cuotts G, Czajka CE, Czechowicz D, Daly T, Danforth P, Darbee R, Darlington B, Datte P, Dauffy L, Davalos G, Davidovits S, Davis P, Davis J, Dawson S, Day RD, Day TH, Dayton M, Deck C, Decker C, Deeney C, DeFriend KA, Deis G, Delamater ND, Delettrez JA, Demaret R, Demos S, Dempsey SM, Desjardin R, Desjardins T, Desjarlais MP, Dewald EL, DeYoreo J, Diaz S, Dimonte G, Dittrich TR, Divol L, Dixit SN, Dixon J, Dodd ES, Dolan D, Donovan A, Donovan M, Döppner T, Dorrer C, Dorsano N, Douglas MR, Dow D, Downie J, Downing E, Dozieres M, Draggoo V, Drake D, Drake RP, Drake T, Dreifuerst G, DuBois DF, DuBois PF, Dunham G, Dylla-Spears R, Dymoke-Bradshaw AKL, Dzenitis B, Ebbers C, Eckart M, Eddinger S, Eder D, Edgell D, Edwards MJ, Efthimion P, Eggert JH, Ehrlich B, Ehrmann P, Elhadj S, Ellerbee C, Elliott NS, Ellison CL, Elsner F, Emerich M, Engelhorn K, England T, English E, Epperson P, Epstein R, Erbert G, Erickson MA, Erskine DJ, Erlandson A, Espinosa RJ, Estes C, Estabrook KG, Evans S, Fabyan A, Fair J, Fallejo R, Farmer N, Farmer WA, Farrell M, Fatherley VE, Fedorov M, Feigenbaum E, Feit M, Ferguson W, Fernandez JC, Fernandez-Panella A, Fess S, Field JE, Filip CV, Fincke JR, Finn T, Finnegan SM, Finucane RG, Fischer M, Fisher A, Fisher J, Fishler B, Fittinghoff D, Fitzsimmons P, Flegel M, Flippo KA, Florio J, Folta J, Folta P, Foreman LR, Forrest C, Forsman A, Fooks J, Foord M, Fortner R, Fournier K, Fratanduono DE, Frazier N, Frazier T, Frederick C, Freeman MS, Frenje J, Frey D, Frieders G, Friedrich S, Froula DH, Fry J, Fuller T, Gaffney J, Gales S, Le Galloudec B, Le Galloudec KK, Gambhir A, Gao L, Garbett WJ, Garcia A, Gates C, Gaut E, Gauthier P, Gavin Z, Gaylord J, Geissel M, Génin F, Georgeson J, Geppert-Kleinrath H, Geppert-Kleinrath V, Gharibyan N, Gibson J, Gibson C, Giraldez E, Glebov V, Glendinning SG, Glenn S, Glenzer SH, Goade S, Gobby PL, Goldman SR, Golick B, Gomez M, Goncharov V, Goodin D, Grabowski P, Grafil E, Graham P, Grandy J, Grasz E, Graziani F, Greenman G, Greenough JA, Greenwood A, Gregori G, Green T, Griego JR, Grim GP, Grondalski J, Gross S, Guckian J, Guler N, Gunney B, Guss G, Haan S, Hackbarth J, Hackel L, Hackel R, Haefner C, Hagmann C, Hahn KD, Hahn S, Haid BJ, Haines BM, Hall BM, Hall C, Hall GN, Hamamoto M, Hamel S, Hamilton CE, Hammel BA, Hammer JH, Hampton G, Hamza A, Handler A, Hansen S, Hanson D, Haque R, Harding D, Harding E, Hares JD, Harris DB, Harte JA, Hartouni EP, Hatarik R, Hatchett S, Hauer AA, Havre M, Hawley R, Hayes J, Hayes J, Hayes S, Hayes-Sterbenz A, Haynam CA, Haynes DA, Headley D, Heal A, Heebner JE, Heerey S, Heestand GM, Heeter R, Hein N, Heinbockel C, Hendricks C, Henesian M, Heninger J, Henrikson J, Henry EA, Herbold EB, Hermann MR, Hermes G, Hernandez JE, Hernandez VJ, Herrmann MC, Herrmann HW, Herrera OD, Hewett D, Hibbard R, Hicks DG, Hill D, Hill K, Hilsabeck T, Hinkel DE, Ho DD, Ho VK, Hoffer JK, Hoffman NM, Hohenberger M, Hohensee M, Hoke W, Holdener D, Holdener F, Holder JP, Holko B, Holunga D, Holzrichter JF, Honig J, Hoover D, Hopkins D, Berzak Hopkins L, Hoppe M, Hoppe ML, Horner J, Hornung R, Horsfield CJ, Horvath J, Hotaling D, House R, Howell L, Hsing WW, Hu SX, Huang H, Huckins J, Hui H, Humbird KD, Hund J, Hunt J, Hurricane OA, Hutton M, Huynh KHK, Inandan L, Iglesias C, Igumenshchev IV, Izumi N, Jackson M, Jackson J, Jacobs SD, James G, Jancaitis K, Jarboe J, Jarrott LC, Jasion D, Jaquez J, Jeet J, Jenei AE, Jensen J, Jimenez J, Jimenez R, Jobe D, Johal Z, Johns HM, Johnson D, Johnson MA, Gatu Johnson M, Johnson RJ, Johnson S, Johnson SA, Johnson T, Jones K, Jones O, Jones M, Jorge R, Jorgenson HJ, Julian M, Jun BI, Jungquist R, Kaae J, Kabadi N, Kaczala D, Kalantar D, Kangas K, Karasiev VV, Karasik M, Karpenko V, Kasarky A, Kasper K, Kauffman R, Kaufman MI, Keane C, Keaty L, Kegelmeyer L, Keiter PA, Kellett PA, Kellogg J, Kelly JH, Kemic S, Kemp AJ, Kemp GE, Kerbel GD, Kershaw D, Kerr SM, Kessler TJ, Key MH, Khan SF, Khater H, Kiikka C, Kilkenny J, Kim Y, Kim YJ, Kimko J, Kimmel M, Kindel JM, King J, Kirkwood RK, Klaus L, Klem D, Kline JL, Klingmann J, Kluth G, Knapp P, Knauer J, Knipping J, Knudson M, Kobs D, Koch J, Kohut T, Kong C, Koning JM, Koning P, Konior S, Kornblum H, Kot LB, Kozioziemski B, Kozlowski M, Kozlowski PM, Krammen J, Krasheninnikova NS, Kraus B, Krauser W, Kress JD, 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A, Work K, Workman JB, Wright J, Wu M, Wuest C, Wysocki FJ, Xu H, Yamaguchi M, Yang B, Yang ST, Yatabe J, Yeamans CB, Yee BC, Yi SA, Yin L, Young B, Young CS, Young CV, Young P, Youngblood K, Zacharias R, Zagaris G, Zaitseva N, Zaka F, Ze F, Zeiger B, Zika M, Zimmerman GB, Zobrist T, Zuegel JD, Zylstra AB. Lawson Criterion for Ignition Exceeded in an Inertial Fusion Experiment. Phys Rev Lett 2022; 129:075001. [PMID: 36018710 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.075001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R Acree
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Adams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Addis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Aden
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Adrian
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B B Afeyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Polymath Research Inc., 827 Bonde Court, Pleasanton, California, USA 94566
| | - M Aggleton
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Aghaian
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Aguirre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Aikens
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Akre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Albert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Albrecht
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J Albright
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Alcala
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Alday
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D A Alessi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Alexander
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Alfonso
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Alfonso
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Alger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S J Ali
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Z A Ali
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - W E Alley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Amala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Amendt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Amick
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Ammula
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Antipa
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Appelbe
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Aracne-Ruddle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Araya
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Arend
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Arnold
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Arnold
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Ayers
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C A Back
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
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- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Belyaev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J F Benage
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G Bennett
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - L R Benedetti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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| | - L A Bernstein
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of California at Berkeley, Department of Nuclear Engineering, 4165 Etcheverry Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1730, USA
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| | - B Berry
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
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- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
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| | - V Bigman
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
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| | - T Boehly
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
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- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Bond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M J Bonino
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Borden
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - J Bousquet
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Bowers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Bowers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Boyd
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Bozek
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D K Bradley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K S Bradley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P A Bradley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Bradley
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Brannon
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P S Brantley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Braun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Braun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Brienza-Larsen
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - T M Briggs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Britten
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E D Brooks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Browning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M W Bruhn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T A Brunner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Bruns
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Brunton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Bryant
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Buczek
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Bude
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Buitano
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S Burkhart
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Burmark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Burnham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Burr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L E Busby
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Butlin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Cabeltis
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Cable
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W H Cabot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Cagadas
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Caggiano
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Cahayag
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S E Caldwell
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Calkins
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - D A Callahan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - L Camara
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Camp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E M Campbell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J H Campbell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Carey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Carey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Carlisle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Carlson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Carman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Carmichael
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Carpenter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Carr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Carrera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Casavant
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Casey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D T Casey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Castillo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Castillo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J I Castor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Castro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Caughey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Cavitt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Celeste
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Celliers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Cerjan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Chandler
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Chang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Chapman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - T Chapman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Chase
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Chen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Chen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L-Y Chen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Cheng
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Chittenden
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - C Choate
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Chou
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Chrien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Chrisp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Christensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Christensen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A R Christopherson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Chung
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J A Church
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Clark
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D S Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Clark
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Clark
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Claus
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Cline
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Cline
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Cobble
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Cochrane
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Cohen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Cohen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M R Collette
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - L A Collins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T J B Collins
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Conder
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Conrad
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Conyers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A W Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Cook
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - R Cook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Cooley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Cooper
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
- University of New Mexico, Department of Nuclear Engineering, MSC01 1120, 1 University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
| | - T Cope
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S R Copeland
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Coppari
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Cortez
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Cox
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Crandall
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Crane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R S Craxton
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Cray
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Crilly
- Imperial College London, Plasma Physics, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - J W Crippen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Cross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Cuneo
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G Cuotts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C E Czajka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Czechowicz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Daly
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Danforth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Darbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Darlington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Datte
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Dauffy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Davalos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Davidovits
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Davis
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Davis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Dawson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R D Day
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T H Day
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Dayton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Deck
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Decker
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Deeney
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - K A DeFriend
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G Deis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N D Delamater
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J A Delettrez
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Demaret
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Demos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Dempsey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Desjardin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Desjardins
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M P Desjarlais
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E L Dewald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J DeYoreo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Diaz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Dimonte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T R Dittrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Divol
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S N Dixit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Dixon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E S Dodd
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Dolan
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A Donovan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Donovan
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - T Döppner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Dorrer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N Dorsano
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M R Douglas
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Dow
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - J Downie
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Downing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Dozieres
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Draggoo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Drake
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - R P Drake
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of Michigan, Climate & Space Research Building, 2455 Hayward Street, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2143, USA
| | - T Drake
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Dreifuerst
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D F DuBois
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P F DuBois
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Dunham
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Dylla-Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A K L Dymoke-Bradshaw
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - B Dzenitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Ebbers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Eckart
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Eddinger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Eder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Edgell
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M J Edwards
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Efthimion
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - J H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Ehrlich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Ehrmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Elhadj
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Ellerbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Elliott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C L Ellison
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Elsner
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Emerich
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Engelhorn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T England
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E English
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Epperson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Epstein
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Erbert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M A Erickson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Erskine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Erlandson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Espinosa
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Estes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K G Estabrook
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Evans
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Fabyan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Fair
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Fallejo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Farmer
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - W A Farmer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Farrell
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V E Fatherley
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Fedorov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Feigenbaum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Feit
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Ferguson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Fernandez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A Fernandez-Panella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Fess
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J E Field
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C V Filip
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Fincke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T Finn
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S M Finnegan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R G Finucane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Fischer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Fisher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Fisher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Fishler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Fittinghoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - M Flegel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K A Flippo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Florio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Folta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Folta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L R Foreman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C Forrest
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Forsman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Fooks
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Foord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Fortner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Fournier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D E Fratanduono
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Frazier
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - T Frazier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Frederick
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M S Freeman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Frenje
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Frey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Frieders
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Friedrich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Froula
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Fry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Fuller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Gaffney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Gales
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - B Le Galloudec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K K Le Galloudec
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Gambhir
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Gao
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - W J Garbett
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - A Garcia
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Gates
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Gaut
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Gauthier
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - Z Gavin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Gaylord
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Geissel
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - F Génin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Georgeson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - H Geppert-Kleinrath
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Geppert-Kleinrath
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N Gharibyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Gibson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Giraldez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Glebov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S G Glendinning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Glenn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S H Glenzer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - S Goade
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P L Gobby
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S R Goldman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Golick
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Gomez
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - V Goncharov
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Goodin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Grabowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Grafil
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Graham
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J Grandy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Grasz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Graziani
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Greenman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Greenough
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Greenwood
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - T Green
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Griego
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G P Grim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Grondalski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Gross
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - J Guckian
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - N Guler
- Spectral Sciences Inc., 4 Fourth Avenue, Burlington, Massachusetts 01803-3304, USA
| | - B Gunney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Guss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Haan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hackbarth
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Hackel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hackel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Haefner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Fraunhofer Institute for Laser Technology ILT, 52066 Aachen, Germany
- RWTH Aachen University, 52066 Aachen, Germany
| | - C Hagmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Hahn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hahn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J Haid
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B M Haines
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B M Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Hall
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - G N Hall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hamamoto
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hamel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C E Hamilton
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B A Hammel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J H Hammer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Hampton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Hamza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Handler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hansen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Hanson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Haque
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Harding
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - E Harding
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J D Hares
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - D B Harris
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J A Harte
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E P Hartouni
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hatarik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hatchett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A A Hauer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Havre
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Hawley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hayes
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Hayes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Hayes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Hayes-Sterbenz
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C A Haynam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D A Haynes
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Headley
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A Heal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Heebner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Heerey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G M Heestand
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Heeter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Hein
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Heinbockel
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Hendricks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Henesian
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Heninger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Henrikson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E A Henry
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E B Herbold
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M R Hermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Hermes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Hernandez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V J Hernandez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M C Herrmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H W Herrmann
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - O D Herrera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hewett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hibbard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D G Hicks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Optical Sciences Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
| | - D Hill
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Hill
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - T Hilsabeck
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D E Hinkel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D D Ho
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V K Ho
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J K Hoffer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N M Hoffman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Hohenberger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hohensee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Hoke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Holdener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Holdener
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J P Holder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Holko
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Holunga
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J F Holzrichter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Honig
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hoover
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Berzak Hopkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M L Hoppe
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Horner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Hornung
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C J Horsfield
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - J Horvath
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Hotaling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R House
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Howell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W W Hsing
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S X Hu
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - H Huang
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Huckins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Hui
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Humbird
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Hund
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Hunt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O A Hurricane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Hutton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K H-K Huynh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Inandan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Iglesias
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I V Igumenshchev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N Izumi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Jackson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jackson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S D Jacobs
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G James
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Jancaitis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Jarboe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L C Jarrott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Jasion
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jaquez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jeet
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A E Jenei
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Jensen
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Jimenez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Jimenez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Jobe
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - Z Johal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H M Johns
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D Johnson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M A Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Gatu Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - R J Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - O Jones
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Jones
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R Jorge
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H J Jorgenson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Julian
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B I Jun
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Jungquist
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Kaae
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Kabadi
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - D Kaczala
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Kalantar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Kangas
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V V Karasiev
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Karasik
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - V Karpenko
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Kasarky
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - K Kasper
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Kauffman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M I Kaufman
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - C Keane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Washington State University, Office of Research, P.O. Box 641060, Pullman, Washington 99164-1060, USA
| | - L Keaty
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Kegelmeyer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Keiter
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P A Kellett
- Kentech Instruments Ltd., Isis Building, Howbery Park, Wallingford, Oxfordshire OX10 8BD, United Kingdom
| | - J Kellogg
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J H Kelly
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Kemic
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G E Kemp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G D Kerbel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Kershaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Kerr
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Kessler
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M H Key
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S F Khan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Khater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Kiikka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kilkenny
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - Y Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y-J Kim
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kimko
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kimmel
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J M Kindel
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J King
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R K Kirkwood
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Klaus
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Klem
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Kline
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Klingmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Kluth
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - P Knapp
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Knauer
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Knipping
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Knudson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Kobs
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Koch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Kohut
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Kong
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Koning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Koning
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Konior
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Kornblum
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L B Kot
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Kozioziemski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kozlowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Kozlowski
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Krammen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N S Krasheninnikova
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Kraus
- Princeton Plasma Physics Laboratory, 100 Stellarator Road, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - W Krauser
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Kress
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L Kritcher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Krieger
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J J Kroll
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W L Kruer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M K G Kruse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Kucheyev
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Kumbera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Kumpan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Kunimune
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Kustowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J T Kwan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - G A Kyrala
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Laffite
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - M Lafon
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - K LaFortune
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - B Lahmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Lairson
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - O L Landen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Langenbrunner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Lagin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Land
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Lane
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Laney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A B Langdon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S H Langer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Langro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N E Lanier
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T E Lanier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Larson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B F Lasinski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Lassle
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D LaTray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Lau
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Lau
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Laumann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Laurence
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T A Laurence
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Lawson
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - H P Le
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R R Leach
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Leal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Leatherland
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - K LeChien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Lechleiter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Lee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Lee
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Lee
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R J Leeper
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E Lefebvre
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | | | - B LeMire
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R W Lemke
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - N C Lemos
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Le Pape
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Laboratoire pour l'utilisation des Lasers Intenses chez École Polytechnique, F-91128 Palaiseau cedex, France
| | - R Lerche
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Lerner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Letts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Levedahl
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - T Lewis
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C K Li
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - H Li
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Li
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Liao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Z M Liao
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Liedahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Liebman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Lindford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E L Lindman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J D Lindl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Loey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R A London
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Long
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - E N Loomis
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F E Lopez
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Lopez
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - E Losbanos
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Loucks
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Lowe-Webb
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Lundgren
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A P Ludwigsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Luo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Lusk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Lyons
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Ma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Macallop
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - M J MacDonald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B J MacGowan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Mack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Mackinnon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A MacLaren
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A G MacPhee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G R Magelssen
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Magoon
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R M Malone
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - T Malsbury
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Managan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Mancini
- University of Nevada at Reno, Department of Physics, MS 0220, 1664. Virginia Street, Reno, Nevada 89557, USA
| | - K Manes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Maney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Manha
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O M Mannion
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A M Manuel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Mapoles
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Mara
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Marcotte
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Marin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M M Marinak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Mariscal
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D A Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E F Mariscal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E V Marley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Marozas
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R Marquez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C D Marshall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F J Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Marshall
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Marshall
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Marticorena
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Martinez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Maslennikov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Mason
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Mason
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Masse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - W Massey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P-E Masson-Laborde
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - N D Masters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Mathisen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Mathison
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Matone
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M J Matthews
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Mattoon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T R Mattsson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - K Matzen
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C W Mauche
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Mauldin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T McAbee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M McBurney
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Mccarville
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R L McCrory
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A M McEvoy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C McGuffey
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Mcinnis
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P McKenty
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M S McKinley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J B McLeod
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A McPherson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - B Mcquillan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Meamber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K D Meaney
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - N B Meezan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Meissner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T A Mehlhorn
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - N C Mehta
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Menapace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F E Merrill
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B T Merritt
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E C Merritt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D D Meyerhofer
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Mezyk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R J Mich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P A Michel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Milam
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D S Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E K Miller
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - J Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P E Miller
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Miller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - W Miller
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Miller-Kamm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Milovich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Minner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J-L Miquel
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - S Mitchell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Molvig
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R C Montesanti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D S Montgomery
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Monticelli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Montoya
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J D Moody
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A S Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Moore
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Moran
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J C Moreno
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Moreno
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B E Morgan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Morrow
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J W Morton
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - E Moses
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Moy
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - R Muir
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M S Murillo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Department of Computational Mathematics, Science and Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
| | - J E Murray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J R Murray
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D H Munro
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T J Murphy
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F M Munteanu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Nafziger
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Nagayama
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - S R Nagel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Nast
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R A Negres
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Nelson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Nelson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Nelson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Nelson
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S Nemethy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Neumayer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstrasse 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Newman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Newton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Nguyen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J-M G Di Nicola
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Di Nicola
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Niemann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Physics & Astronomy, 475 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - A Nikroo
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P M Nilson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Nobile
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Noorai
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Nora
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Norton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Nostrand
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Note
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Novell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P F Nowak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Nunez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R A Nyholm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M O'Brien
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Oceguera
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J A Oertel
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Okui
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Olejniczak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Oliveira
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Olsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Olson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Olson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Olson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - Y P Opachich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Orsi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C D Orth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Owen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Padalino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- SUNY Geneseo, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Integrated Science Center, Geneseo, New York 14454, USA
| | - E Padilla
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Paguio
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Paisner
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Pajoom
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Pak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Palaniyappan
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Palma
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Pannell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Papp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Paras
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Parham
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H-S Park
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Pasternak
- Gryphon Technologies, 303 Lindbergh Avenue, Livermore, California 94551, USA
| | - S Patankar
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M V Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P K Patel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Focused Energy Inc., 11525-B Stonehollow Drive, Suite 200, Austin Texas 78758, USA
| | - R Patterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Patterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Paul
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - M Paul
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Pauli
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O T Pearce
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Pearcy
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - B Pedrotti
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Peer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L J Pelz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Penetrante
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Penner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Perez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L J Perkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Pernice
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T S Perry
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Person
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Petersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Petersen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D L Peterson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E B Peterson
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J E Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Peterson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Peterson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R R Peterson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R D Petrasso
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - F Philippe
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - T J Phipps
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - E Piceno
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - Y Ping
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Pickworth
- Lund University, MAX IV Laboratory, Box 118, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - J Pino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Plummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G D Pollack
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S M Pollaine
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B B Pollock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Ponce
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Ponce
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | | | - J L Porter
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Post
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - O Poujade
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
- Université of Paris-Saclay, CEA, LMCE, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France
| | - C Powell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Powell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Power
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Pozulp
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Prantil
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Prasad
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Pratuch
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Price
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - K Primdahl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Prisbrey
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Procassini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Pruyne
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Pudliner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S R Qiu
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Quan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Quinn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Quintenz
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P B Radha
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - F Rainer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J E Ralph
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K S Raman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Raman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Rambo
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - S Rana
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Randewich
- Atomic Weapons Establishment, Aldermaston RG7 4PR, United Kingdom
| | - D Rardin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Ratledge
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - N Ravelo
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - F Ravizza
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rayce
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Raymond
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Raymond
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Reed
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Reed
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Regan
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B Reichelt
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - V Reis
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S Reisdorf
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Rekow
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B A Remington
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Rendon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Requieron
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Rever
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Reynolds
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Reynolds
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Rhodes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rhodes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M C Richardson
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
- Townes Laser Institute, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida 32816, USA
| | - B Rice
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - N G Rice
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Rieben
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Rigatti
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Riggs
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H G Rinderknecht
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - K Ring
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Riordan
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Riquier
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - C Rivers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Roberts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Roberts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Robertson
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - H F Robey
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Robles
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Rocha
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Rochau
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Rodriguez
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Rodriguez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rosen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Rosenberg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - G Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Ross
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Ross
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Rouse
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Rovang
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - A M Rubenchik
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M S Rubery
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C L Ruiz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Rushford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Russ
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J R Rygg
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - B S Ryujin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R A Sacks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R F Sacks
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Saito
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T Salmon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J D Salmonson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Sanchez
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Samuelson
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - M Sanchez
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Sangster
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A Saroyan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Sater
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Satsangi
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - S Sauers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Saunders
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J P Sauppe
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R Sawicki
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Sayre
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Scanlan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Schaffers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G T Schappert
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Schiaffino
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D J Schlossberg
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D W Schmidt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M J Schmitt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - D H G Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M B Schneider
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Schneider
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - M Schoff
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Schollmeier
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Schölmerich
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C R Schroeder
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S E Schrauth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H A Scott
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Scott
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J M Scott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - R H H Scott
- Central Laser Facility, STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Harwell Oxford OC11 0QX, United Kingdom
| | - C R Scullard
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Sedillo
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - F H Seguin
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - W Seka
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Senecal
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S M Sepke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Seppala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Sequoia
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Severyn
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J M Sevier
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Sewell
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Seznec
- CEA/DAM/DIF, 91297 Arpajon cedex, France
| | - R C Shah
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Shamlian
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - D Shaughnessy
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Shaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Shaw
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Shearer
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Shelton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Shen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M W Sherlock
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A I Shestakov
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E L Shi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S J Shin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Shingleton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Shmayda
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Shor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Shoup
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - C Shuldberg
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Siegel
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F J Silva
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A N Simakov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B T Sims
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - D Sinars
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - P Singh
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Sio
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K Skulina
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Skupsky
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - S Slutz
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - M Sluyter
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - V A Smalyuk
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Smauley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R M Smeltser
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Smith
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Smith
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - L Smith
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Smith
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - R Sohn
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Sommer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Sorce
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Sorem
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J M Soures
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M L Spaeth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B K Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Speas
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - D Speck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Speck
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Spears
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Spinka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P T Springer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Stadermann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Stahl
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Stahoviak
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - L G Stanton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
| | - R Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Steele
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Steinman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Stemke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Stephens
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Sterbenz
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - P Sterne
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Stevens
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Stevers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C B Still
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Stoeckl
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - W Stoeffl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Stolken
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Stolz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Storm
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Stone
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Stoupin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Stout
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - I Stowers
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Strauser
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - H Streckart
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Streit
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| | - D J Strozzi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Suratwala
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Sutcliffe
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - L J Suter
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S B Sutton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - V Svidzinski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Swadling
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Sweet
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Szoke
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Tabak
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Takagi
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Tambazidis
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - V Tang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Taranowski
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L A Taylor
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Telford
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Theobald
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - M Thi
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C A Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - I Thomas
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Thomas
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - I J Thompson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - C B Thorsness
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Tietbohl
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R E Tipton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Tobin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Tomlin
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Tommasini
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A J Toreja
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Torres
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - R P J Town
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Townsend
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Trenholme
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Trivelpiece
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Trosseille
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H Truax
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Trummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Trummer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Truong
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - D Tubbs
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - E R Tubman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Tunnell
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - D Turnbull
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - R E Turner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Ulitsky
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Upadhye
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J L Vaher
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P VanArsdall
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D VanBlarcom
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | | | - R VanQuinlan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B M Van Wonterghem
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W S Varnum
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A L Velikovich
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - A Vella
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C P Verdon
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - B Vermillion
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - S Vernon
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Vesey
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - J Vickers
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R M Vignes
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Visosky
- National Nuclear Security Administration, Office of Defense Programs, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C. 20585, USA
| | - J Vocke
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P L Volegov
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Vonhof
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Von Rotz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H X Vu
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - M Vu
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - D Wall
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - J Wall
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Wallace
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Wallin
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Walmer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C A Walsh
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C F Walters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Waltz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J S Wark
- Department of Physics, Clarendon Lab, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - B E Warner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Watson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R G Watt
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - P Watts
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Weaver
- United States Naval Research Laboratory, Plasma Physics Division, 4555 Overlook Avenue SW, Washington, D.C. 20375, USA
| | - R P Weaver
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - S Weaver
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C R Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S V Weber
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Wegner
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Welday
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Welser-Sherrill
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| | - K Weiss
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Widmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G F Wheeler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Whistler
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R K White
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - H D Whitley
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Whitman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M E Wickett
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Widmayer
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Wiedwald
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Wilcox
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| | - S Wilcox
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C Wild
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| | - B H Wilde
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| | - C H Wilde
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - K Wilhelmsen
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M D Wilke
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Wilkens
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - P Wilkins
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S C Wilks
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E A Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G J Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - W H Williams
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D C Wilson
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Wilson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Winters
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Wisoff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Wittman
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - J Wolfe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - A Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K W Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - L Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Wong
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - R Wood
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D Woodhouse
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| | - J Woodruff
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - D T Woods
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S Woods
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B N Woodworth
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - E Wooten
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A Wootton
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Work
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - J B Workman
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Wright
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - M Wu
- Sandia National Laboratories, P.O. Box 5800 Albuquerque, New Mexico 87123, USA
| | - C Wuest
- Nevada National Security Site, 232 Energy Way, North Las Vegas, Nevada 89030, USA
| | - F J Wysocki
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - H Xu
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M Yamaguchi
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - B Yang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S T Yang
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J Yatabe
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C B Yeamans
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B C Yee
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - S A Yi
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Yin
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - B Young
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - C S Young
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Mail Stop F663, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - C V Young
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - P Young
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - K Youngblood
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - R Zacharias
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G Zagaris
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - N Zaitseva
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Zaka
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - F Ze
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - B Zeiger
- Luxel Corporation, P.O. Box 1879, 60 Saltspring Drive, Friday Harbor, Washington 8250, USA
| | - M Zika
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - G B Zimmerman
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - T Zobrist
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
| | - J D Zuegel
- Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
| | - A B Zylstra
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, P.O. Box 808, Livermore, California 94551-0808, USA
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Musci RV, Andrie KM, Walsh MA, Valenti ZJ, Linden MA, Afzali MF, Bork S, Campbell M, Johnson T, Kail TE, Martinez R, Nguyen T, Sanford J, Wist S, Murrell MD, McCord JM, Hybertson BM, Zhang Q, Javors MA, Santangelo KS, Hamilton KL. Phytochemical compound PB125 attenuates skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis in a model of musculoskeletal decline. J Physiol 2022:10.1113/JP282273. [PMID: 35924591 PMCID: PMC9898472 DOI: 10.1113/jp282273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired mitochondrial function and disrupted proteostasis contribute to musculoskeletal dysfunction. However, few interventions simultaneously target these two drivers to prevent musculoskeletal decline. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activates a transcriptional programme promoting cytoprotection, metabolism, and proteostasis. We hypothesized daily treatment with a purported Nrf2 activator, PB125, in Hartley guinea pigs, a model of musculoskeletal decline, would attenuate the progression of skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired proteostasis and preserve musculoskeletal function. We treated 2- and 5-month-old male and female Hartley guinea pigs for 3 and 10 months, respectively, with the phytochemical compound PB125. Longitudinal assessments of voluntary mobility were measured using Any-MazeTM open-field enclosure monitoring. Cumulative skeletal muscle protein synthesis rates were measured using deuterium oxide over the final 30 days of treatment. Mitochondrial oxygen consumption in soleus muscles was measured using high resolution respirometry. In both sexes, PB125 (1) increased electron transfer system capacity; (2) attenuated the disease/age-related decline in coupled and uncoupled mitochondrial respiration; and (3) attenuated declines in protein synthesis in the myofibrillar, mitochondrial and cytosolic subfractions of the soleus. These effects were not associated with statistically significant prolonged maintenance of voluntary mobility in guinea pigs. Collectively, treatment with PB125 contributed to maintenance of skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration and proteostasis in a pre-clinical model of musculoskeletal decline. Further investigation is necessary to determine if these documented effects of PB125 are also accompanied by slowed progression of other aspects of musculoskeletal dysfunction. KEY POINTS: Aside from exercise, there are no effective interventions for musculoskeletal decline, which begins in the fifth decade of life and contributes to disability and cardiometabolic diseases. Targeting both mitochondrial dysfunction and impaired protein homeostasis (proteostasis), which contribute to the age and disease process, may mitigate the progressive decline in overall musculoskeletal function (e.g. gait, strength). A potential intervention to target disease drivers is to stimulate nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) activation, which leads to the transcription of genes responsible for redox homeostasis, proteome maintenance and mitochondrial energetics. Here, we tested a purported phytochemical Nrf2 activator, PB125, to improve mitochondrial function and proteostasis in male and female Hartley guinea pigs, which are a model for musculoskeletal ageing. PB125 improved mitochondrial respiration and attenuated disease- and age-related declines in skeletal muscle protein synthesis, a component of proteostasis, in both male and female Hartley guinea pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert V. Musci
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA,Correspondence: Robert V. Musci,
| | - Kendra M. Andrie
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maureen A. Walsh
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Zackary J. Valenti
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Melissa A. Linden
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Maryam F. Afzali
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sydney Bork
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Margaret Campbell
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Thomas E. Kail
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Richard Martinez
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Tessa Nguyen
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Joseph Sanford
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA,Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Sara Wist
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Joe M. McCord
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Brooks M. Hybertson
- Pathways Bioscience, Aurora, CO,Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | | | - Kelly S. Santangelo
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Karyn L. Hamilton
- Department of Health and Exercise Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA,Columbine Health Systems Center for Healthy Aging, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
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Akimov D, An P, Awe C, Barbeau P, Becker B, Belov V, Bernardi I, Blackston M, Bock C, Bolozdynya A, Browning J, Cabrera-Palmer B, Chernyak D, Conley E, Daughhetee J, Detwiler J, Ding K, Durand M, Efremenko Y, Elliott S, Fabris L, Febbraro M, Galambos J, Gallo Rosso A, Galindo-Uribarri A, Green M, Heath M, Hedges S, Hoang D, Hughes M, Iverson E, Johnson T, Khromov A, Konovalov A, Kozlova E, Kumpan A, Li L, Link J, Liu J, Mann K, Markoff D, Mastroberti J, McIntyre M, Mueller P, Newby J, Parno D, Penttila S, Pershey D, Rapp R, Ray H, Raybern J, Razuvaeva O, Reyna D, Rich G, Rimal D, Ross J, Rudik D, Runge J, Salvat D, Salyapongse A, Scholberg K, Shakirov A, Simakov G, Sinev G, Snow W, Sosnovstsev V, Suh B, Tayloe R, Tellez-Giron-Flores K, Tolstukhin I, Trotter S, Ujah E, Vanderwerp J, Varner R, Virtue C, Visser G, Wongjirad T, Yen YR, Yoo J, Yu CH, Zettlemoyer J, Zhang S. Simulating the neutrino flux from the Spallation Neutron Source for the COHERENT experiment. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.032003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Woolard A, Coleman A, Johnson T, Wakely K, Campbell LE, Mallise CA, Whalen OM, Murphy VE, Karayanidis F, Lane AE. Parent-infant interaction quality is related to preterm status and sensory processing. Infant Behav Dev 2022; 68:101746. [PMID: 35809531 DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2022.101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parent-infant interactions provide the foundation for the development of infant socioemotional wellbeing. Preterm birth can have a substantial, and often detrimental, impact on the quality of early parent-infant interactions. Sensory processing difficulties, common in preterm infants, are further associated with poorer interaction quality. There is a paucity of research, however, examining the links between the quality of parent-infant interaction, preterm birth, and sensory processing difficulties. This study aimed to characterise the quality of interactions of parent-infant dyads involving preterm infants who may display sensory processing differences and examine the associations between parent-infant interaction quality, preterm status and infant sensory processing. METHOD 67 parent-infant dyads (12-months infant age, 22 preterm, 45 full-term) participated in a recorded, semi-structured 15-minute play interaction. Parents also filled out questionnaires on demographics, and infant sensory processing (Infant and Toddler Sensory Profile-2; ITSP-2). Interaction quality was rated using the Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes (PICCOLO). RESULTS Preterm and full-term infants differed in sensory processing and parent-infant interaction. Infant prematurity was associated with the sensory domains of; visual (r = - 0.37, p = .005), touch (r = - 0.39, p = .002), and movement (rs = - .32, p = .01), as well as the interaction domains of; responsivity (rs;= - .43, p = .001), teaching (rs = - .31, p = .02), and interaction total score (r = - 0.34, p = .01). Interaction quality was related to sensory registration (rs = - .38, p = .008), auditory (rs = - .34, p = .02), seeking (rs = .29, p = .05) and sensory behavioural scores (rs = - .52, p < .001). Overall, interaction quality was best predicted by infant prematurity and auditory scores, R2 = .15, F(1, 47) = 4.01, p = .02. DISCUSSION Preterm infants differed from their full-term peers in both their sensory processing and in their dyadic interactions with parents. Preterm status was associated with less responsivity and teaching and was found to predict overall interaction quality. Poorer infant sensory processing was associated with less parental teaching, affection and responsivity during interactions. Our results suggest that preterm birth is related to sensory processing difficulties, and that prematurity and sensory processing are differentially associated with aspects of interaction quality. These findings support the further examination of the interplay between preterm birth, sensory processing, and parent-infant interaction quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Woolard
- Family Interaction and Neurodevelopmental Laboratory, University of Newcastle, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Australia; Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Australia; University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - A Coleman
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - T Johnson
- School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - K Wakely
- University of Newcastle Department of Rural Health, University of Newcastle, Tamworth
| | - L E Campbell
- Family Interaction and Neurodevelopmental Laboratory, University of Newcastle, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Australia; Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - C A Mallise
- Family Interaction and Neurodevelopmental Laboratory, University of Newcastle, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Australia; Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - O M Whalen
- Family Interaction and Neurodevelopmental Laboratory, University of Newcastle, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Newcastle, Australia; Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - V E Murphy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Australia; John Hunter Children's Hospital, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - F Karayanidis
- Functional Neuroimaging Laboratory, University of Newcastle, Australia
| | - A E Lane
- Priority Research Centre GrowUpWell, University of Newcastle, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Newcastle, Australia; Olga Tennison Autism Research Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Bethell GS, Adams S, Johnson T, Hall NJ, Stanton MP. Laparoscopy uptake for paediatric appendicectomy: a comparison of general surgeons versus specialist paediatric surgeons in England from 1997 to 2015. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2022; 104:538-542. [PMID: 34822260 PMCID: PMC9246551 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2021.0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Laparoscopy is used in as many as 95% of adult appendicectomies. There is level I evidence showing that it reduces wound infection, postoperative ileus and length of inpatient stay in children compared with the open approach. The aim of this study was to report the uptake of laparoscopy for paediatric appendicectomy in England and to determine whether this was similar for general surgeons (GS) and specialist paediatric surgeons (SPS). METHODS Hospital Episode Statistics data were obtained for all children aged <16 years who had an OPCS 4.6 code for emergency appendicectomy from 1997 to 2015 (18 years). Data are analysed to compare rate of laparoscopic vs open procedures for GS and SPS over time and to investigate factors associated with the use of laparoscopy. RESULTS There were 196,987 appendicectomies and where specialty was available, 133,709 (79%) cases were undertaken by GS and 35,141 (21%) by SPS. The rate of cases undertaken with laparoscopy for both specialties combined increased from 0.8% in 1998 to 50% in 2014 (p<0.0001). In 2014, this rate was 41% for GS compared with 71% for SPS (p<0.0001). Female gender (odds ratio (OR)=1.84, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.80-1.90), increasing age (OR=1.18, 95% CI 1.18-1.19 per year) and treatment by SPS (OR=3.71, 95% CI 3.60-3.82) were all factors positively associated with use of laparoscopy in multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS There has been a vast increase in the proportion of appendicectomies undertaken laparoscopically in children. Despite adjusting for patient factors, laparoscopy was used significantly less by GS when compared with SPS. This difference is most apparent in younger children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Adams
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | | | - MP Stanton
- University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Shahzad H, Myers B, Boland J, Hewa G, Johnson T. Stormwater runoff reduction benefits of distributed curbside infiltration devices in an urban catchment. Water Res 2022; 215:118273. [PMID: 35303560 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Distributed infiltration systems can benefit downstream water bodies by reducing the runoff flowrate and volume discharges from the catchment. Investigating their runoff flowrate and volume reduction potential at the catchment scale will inform decision makers regarding their efficacy for managing catchment outflows. To this end, we conducted field investigations at the residential catchment scale for three years. The study monitored the catchment for one year before the installation of leaky well systems (preinstallation) and two years after installation (postinstallation). The hydrological model, calibrated to preinstallation catchment outflows, acted as a virtual control tool. Runoff flow outputs from the control model and two years of monitored runoff flow data from the postinstallation period were analysed using statistical methods. The statistical tests showed a significant 13% reduction in average flowrates in storms with a corresponding runoff flowrate of up to 50 L/s. The study further reported the ability of infiltration systems to reduce runoff volume in the catchment by 9%. This reduction was not significant, however, as per the results of the statistical analysis. We then fitted the generalized linear model (GLM) to the monitored and simulated runoff volume data. This enabled us to break down the effect of curbside infiltration systems on runoff volume according to corresponding peak flowrates during the storm. The results of the two-way ANOVA performed to detect significant differences in the regression slopes of the GLM indicated that curbside infiltration systems significantly reduced runoff volume for storms when the runoff flowrates remained below 100 L/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shahzad
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia.
| | - B Myers
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - J Boland
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - G Hewa
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia
| | - T Johnson
- UniSA STEM, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes Boulevard, Mawson Lakes, South Australia 5095, Australia; College of Science & Engineering, Flinders University, Sturt Road, Bedford Park, South Australia 5042, Australia
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Decker N, Johnson T, Behrens S, Obi N, Kaaks R, Chang-Claude J, Turzanski Fortner R. 30P Circulating 27-hydroxycholesterol, 25-hydroxycholesterol, and breast cancer prognosis. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
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Johnson T, Fox E, Hassanbein S. Implementing an Electronic Medical Record Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool Score Which Identifies Patients at Risk for Osteoporosis Promotes Osteoporosis Evaluation. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil 2022; 12:21514593211002157. [PMID: 35186418 PMCID: PMC8848097 DOI: 10.1177/21514593211002157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Osteoporosis affects nearly half of the U.S. population. Screening methods are improving but remain inadequate, leaving the disease underdiagnosed and undertreated. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of an EMR implemented system that identifies patients at risk for osteoporosis via an OST (osteoporosis screening tool) score in prompting patients toward osteoporosis evaluation. Methods: OST scores are generated on every patient 50 years of age and older that is admitted to the Penn State Hershey Medical Center (PSHMC) and recorded in their electronic medical record. An OST score < 2 indicates that a patient has a potential risk for osteoporosis. Information Technology (IT) implemented the EMR OST calculation, which currently generates a daily filtered list of all patients with an OST score <2; patients with an OST score < 2 are then mailed letters approximately 3 months after their admission informing them of their risk for osteoporosis and suggesting that they schedule a follow-up appointment with a physician for further evaluation. To test the effectiveness of this system in prompting patients toward osteoporosis evaluation, approximately 3 months after letters were mailed, the patients were contacted via telephone and asked a series of questions to determine if the patients had sought osteoporosis evaluation. Results: In the intervention group, 67 (58.26%) of 115 did not schedule a follow-up, while the remaining 48 (41.74%) did seek a follow-up. Thus, the patient follow-up response rate improved with letter intervention using the OST score as an indicator (P < .0001) compared to historical controls (14.29%). Conclusion: Implementing an EMR OST score which identifies patients at risk for osteoporosis, which generates an automatic letter to the patient, significantly promotes patient driven osteoporosis evaluation compared to historical controls.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward Fox
- Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Sue Hassanbein
- Penn State Health Milton S Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA, USA
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Lincoln SH, Johnson T, Laquidara JR, Wilt J, Obeid R. Increased rates of social defeat and schizotypy in racial minorities. Personality and Individual Differences 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2021.111324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kurokawa R, Baba A, Kurokawa M, Capizzano A, Hassan O, Johnson T, Ota Y, Kim J, Hagiwara A, Moritani T, Srinivasan A. Pretreatment ADC Histogram Analysis as a Prognostic Imaging Biomarker for Patients with Recurrent Glioblastoma Treated with Bevacizumab: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2022; 43:202-206. [PMID: 35058300 PMCID: PMC8985678 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mean ADC value of the lower Gaussian curve (ADCL) derived from the bi-Gaussian curve-fitting histogram analysis has been reported as a predictive/prognostic imaging biomarker in patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab; however, its systematic summary has been lacking. PURPOSE We applied a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the predictive/prognostic performance of ADCL in patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab. DATA SOURCES We performed a literature search using PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE. STUDY SELECTION A total of 1344 abstracts were screened, of which 83 articles were considered potentially relevant. Data were finally extracted from 6 studies including 578 patients. DATA ANALYSIS Forest plots were generated to illustrate the hazard ratios of overall survival and progression-free survival. The heterogeneity across the studies was assessed using the Cochrane Q test and I2 values. DATA SYNTHESIS The pooled hazard ratios for overall survival and progression-free survival in patients with an ADCL lower than the cutoff values were 1.89 (95% CI, 1.53-2.31) and 1.98 (95% CI, 1.54-2.55) with low heterogeneity among the studies. Subgroup analysis of the bevacizumab-free cohort showed a pooled hazard ratio for overall survival of 1.20 (95% CI, 1.08-1.34) with low heterogeneity. LIMITATIONS The conclusions are limited by the difference in the definition of recurrence among the included studies. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review with meta-analysis supports the prognostic value of ADCL in patients with recurrent glioblastoma treated with bevacizumab, with a low ADCL demonstrating decreased overall survival and progression-free survival. On the other hand, the predictive role of ADCL for bevacizumab treatment was not confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Kurokawa
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (R.K., A.B., M.K., A.C., O.H., Y.O., J.K., T.M., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - A. Baba
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (R.K., A.B., M.K., A.C., O.H., Y.O., J.K., T.M., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - M. Kurokawa
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (R.K., A.B., M.K., A.C., O.H., Y.O., J.K., T.M., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - A. Capizzano
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (R.K., A.B., M.K., A.C., O.H., Y.O., J.K., T.M., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - O. Hassan
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (R.K., A.B., M.K., A.C., O.H., Y.O., J.K., T.M., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - T. Johnson
- Department of Biostatistics (T.J.), University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Y. Ota
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (R.K., A.B., M.K., A.C., O.H., Y.O., J.K., T.M., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - J. Kim
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (R.K., A.B., M.K., A.C., O.H., Y.O., J.K., T.M., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - A. Hagiwara
- Department of Radiology (A.H.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T. Moritani
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (R.K., A.B., M.K., A.C., O.H., Y.O., J.K., T.M., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - A. Srinivasan
- From the Division of Neuroradiology (R.K., A.B., M.K., A.C., O.H., Y.O., J.K., T.M., A.S.), Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Himmel H, Lagrutta A, Voemel M, Rupesh A, Imredy J, Johnson T, Vinzing M. Lack of pro-arrhythmic potential for the novel soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator vericiguat: results from preclinical studies. Eur Heart J 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Vericiguat is an orally-administered soluble guanylate cyclase stimulator, developed for the treatment of symptomatic chronic heart failure (HF) in adult patients who have had a previous decompensation event. At the maximum therapeutic dose of 10 mg once daily in patients with HF, the protein-unbound plasma concentrations of vericiguat and its major pharmacologically inactive N-glucuronide metabolite M-1 are approximately 18 nmol/l and 43 nmol/l, respectively. As part of an integrated risk assessment, vericiguat and its M-1 metabolite were characterised electrophysiologically in vivo and in vitro. This was performed according to the International Council for Harmonisation standard S7B guideline and to recent related “best practice” revisions (draft ICH E14/S7B Q&A), being adopted as a result of the Comprehensive In Vitro Proarrhythmia Assay (CIPA) initiative.
Purpose
To assess the potential for a proarrhythmic risk from vericiguat and its M-1 metabolite in a series of preclinical studies.
Methods
The potential for proarrhythmic risk was investigated in conscious telemetered dogs and in a series of in vitro electrophysiological studies, including mechanistic ion channel studies, using both generally accepted and CIPA voltage-clamp protocols under conditions simulating normal and diseased physiological states. The ion channels studied were hERG, hNav1.5, hCav1.2, hKvLQT1/minK and hKv4.3. Transfected human embryonic kidney cell lines were used for the hERG, hNav1.5 and hKvLQT1/minK studies; transfected Chinese hamster ovary cell lines were used for the hCav1.2 and hKv4.3 studies.
Results
In dogs, administration of vericiguat as single oral doses was associated with dose-dependent decreases in arterial blood pressure (consistent with its mode of action) and compensatory increases in heart rate (Table 1). Heart rate-corrected QT (QTc) intervals were not prolonged by vericiguat to a clinically meaningful extent. Neither vericiguat nor its M-1 metabolite inhibited cardiac ion channels (hERG, hNav1.5, hCav1.2, hKvLQT1/minK and hKv4.3) at exposure multiples of >150-fold (Table 2).
Conclusion
There was no preclinical evidence of proarrhythmic risk from the in vitro (simulating normal and diseased physiological states) and in vivo assessment of vericiguat or its major N-glucuronide metabolite M-1. This integrated risk assessment of non-clinical data supports the conclusion that administration of vericiguat 10 mg once daily in humans is not associated with meaningful QTc prolongation.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding sources: Private company. Main funding source(s): Funding for this research was provided by Bayer AG, Berlin, Germany and Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Himmel
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A Lagrutta
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - M Voemel
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - A.P Rupesh
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - J.P Imredy
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - T Johnson
- Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - M Vinzing
- Bayer AG, Research & Development, Pharmaceuticals, Wuppertal, Germany
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Mansell DS, Bruno VD, Sammut E, Chiribiri A, Johnson T, Khaliulin I, Lopez DB, Gill HS, Fraser KH, Murphy M, Krieg T, Suleiman MS, George S, Ascione R, Cookson AN. Acute regional changes in myocardial strain may predict ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction in a large animal model. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18322. [PMID: 34526592 PMCID: PMC8443552 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97834-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify predictors of left ventricular remodelling (LVR) post-myocardial infarction (MI) and related molecular signatures, a porcine model of closed-chest balloon MI was used along with serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) up to 5-6 weeks post-MI. Changes in myocardial strain and strain rates were derived from CMRI data. Tissue proteomics was compared between infarcted and non-infarcted territories. Peak values of left ventricular (LV) apical circumferential strain (ACS) changed over time together with peak global circumferential strain (GCS) while peak GLS epicardial strains or strain rates did not change over time. Early LVR post-MI enhanced abundance of 39 proteins in infarcted LV territories, 21 of which correlated with LV equatorial circumferential strain rate. The strongest associations were observed for D-3-phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase (D-3PGDH), cysteine and glycine-rich protein-2, and secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (sFRP1). This study shows that early changes in regional peak ACS persist at 5-6 weeks post-MI, when early LVR is observed along with increased tissue levels of D-3PGDH and sFRP1. More studies are needed to ascertain if the observed increase in tissue levels of D-3PGDH and sFRP1 might be casually involved in the pathogenesis of adverse LV remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Mansell
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - V D Bruno
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - E Sammut
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - A Chiribiri
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, Westminster Bridge Road, London, SE1 7EH, UK
| | - T Johnson
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - I Khaliulin
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - D Baz Lopez
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - H S Gill
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - K H Fraser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - M Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, The Keith Peters Building, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0XY, UK
| | - T Krieg
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrookes Hospital, Hills Rd, Box 157, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - M S Suleiman
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - S George
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK
| | - R Ascione
- Department of Translational Science, Bristol Heart Institute and Translational Biomedical Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Level 7, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS2 8HW, UK.
| | - A N Cookson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
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32
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Lester WC, Johnson T, Hale B, Serra N, Elgart B, Wang R, Geyer CB, Sperry AO. Aurora a kinase (AURKA) is required for male germline maintenance and regulates sperm motility in the mouse. Biol Reprod 2021; 105:1603-1616. [PMID: 34518881 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioab168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aurora A kinase (AURKA) is an important regulator of cell division and is required for assembly of the mitotic spindle. We recently reported the unusual finding that this mitotic kinase is also found on the sperm flagellum. To determine its requirement in spermatogenesis, we generated conditional knockout animals with deletion of the Aurka gene in either spermatogonia or spermatocytes to assess its role in mitotic and postmitotic cells, respectively. Deletion of Aurka in spermatogonia resulted in disappearance of all developing germ cells in the testis, as expected given its vital role in mitotic cell division. Deletion of Aurka in spermatocytes reduced testis size, sperm count, and fertility, indicating disruption of meiosis or an effect on spermiogenesis in developing mice. Interestingly, deletion of Aurka in spermatocytes increased apoptosis in spermatocytes along with an increase in the percentage of sperm with abnormal morphology. Despite the increase in abnormal sperm, sperm from spermatocyte Aurka knockout mice displayed increased progressive motility. In addition, sperm lysate prepared from Aurka knockout animals had decreased protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) activity. Together, our results show that AURKA plays multiple roles in spermatogenesis, from mitotic divisions of spermatogonia to sperm morphology and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- William C Lester
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville NC, USA 27834
| | - Ben Hale
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville NC, USA 27834
| | - Nicholas Serra
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville NC, USA 27834
| | - Brian Elgart
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine
| | - Rong Wang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine
| | - Christopher B Geyer
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine.,East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, East Carolina University, Greenville NC, USA 27834
| | - Ann O Sperry
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology at the Brody School of Medicine
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Guarido MM, Riddin MA, Johnson T, Braack LEO, Schrama M, Gorsich EE, Brooke BD, Almeida APG, Venter M. Aedes species (Diptera: Culicidae) ecological and host feeding patterns in the north-eastern parts of South Africa, 2014-2018. Parasit Vectors 2021; 14:339. [PMID: 34174956 PMCID: PMC8235819 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-021-04845-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 04/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is a paucity of recent data and knowledge on mosquito diversity and potential vectors of arboviruses in South Africa, with most of the available data dating back to the 1950s–1970s. Aedes and Culex species are the major vectors of some of the principal arboviruses which have emerged and re-emerged in the past few decades. Methods In this study we used entomological surveillance in selected areas in the north-eastern parts of South Africa from 2014 to 2018 to assess mosquito diversity, with special emphasis on the Aedes species. The impact of trap types and environmental conditions was also investigated. Identification of the blood meal sources of engorged females collected during the study period was carried out, and DNA barcodes were generated for selected species. Results Overall, 18.5% of the total Culicidae mosquitoes collected belonged to the genus Aedes, with 14 species recognised or suspected vectors of arboviruses. Species belonging to the Neomelaniconion subgenus were commonly collected in the Bushveld savanna at conservation areas, especially Aedes mcintoshi and Aedes circumluteolus. Aedes aegypti was present in all sites, albeit in low numbers. Temperature was a limiting factor for the Aedes population, and they were almost exclusively collected at temperatures between 18 °C and 27 °C. The cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode fragment was amplified for 21 Aedes species, and for nine of these species it was the first sequence information uploaded on GenBank. Conclusion This study provides a better understanding of the diversity and relative abundance of Aedes species in the north-east of South Africa. The information provided here will contribute to future arboviral research and implementation of efficient vector control and prevention strategies. Graphical abstract ![]()
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13071-021-04845-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Guarido
- Zoonotic Arbo- and Respiratory Virus Program, Department Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, University of Pretoria, Pathology Building, Prinshof Campus South, Private Bag X323, Gezina, Pretoria, 0031, South Africa
| | - M A Riddin
- Zoonotic Arbo- and Respiratory Virus Program, Department Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, University of Pretoria, Pathology Building, Prinshof Campus South, Private Bag X323, Gezina, Pretoria, 0031, South Africa.,Faculty of Health Sciences, UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - T Johnson
- Zoonotic Arbo- and Respiratory Virus Program, Department Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, University of Pretoria, Pathology Building, Prinshof Campus South, Private Bag X323, Gezina, Pretoria, 0031, South Africa.,Department of Biological Sciences, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia
| | - L E O Braack
- Faculty of Health Sciences, UP Institute for Sustainable Malaria Control, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa.,Malaria Consortium, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - M Schrama
- Institute of Environmental Sciences, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - E E Gorsich
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.,The Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - B D Brooke
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases/NHLS, Johannesburg, South Africa.,Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - A P G Almeida
- Zoonotic Arbo- and Respiratory Virus Program, Department Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, University of Pretoria, Pathology Building, Prinshof Campus South, Private Bag X323, Gezina, Pretoria, 0031, South Africa.,Institute of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene (IHMTNOVA), Medical Parasitology Unit/GHTM, NOVA University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marietjie Venter
- Zoonotic Arbo- and Respiratory Virus Program, Department Medical Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Centre for Viral Zoonoses, University of Pretoria, Pathology Building, Prinshof Campus South, Private Bag X323, Gezina, Pretoria, 0031, South Africa.
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34
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Lincoln SH, Johnson T, Kim S, Edenbaum E, Hooley JM. Psychosis proneness, loneliness, and hallucinations in nonclinical individuals. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251753. [PMID: 34048447 PMCID: PMC8162617 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hallucinations occur along a continuum of normal functioning. Investigating the factors related to this experience in nonclinical individuals may offer important information for understanding the etiology of hallucinations in psychiatric populations. In this study we test the relationship between psychosis proneness, loneliness, and auditory hallucinations in a nonclinical sample using the White Christmas paradigm. Seventy-six undergraduate students participated in this study. We found that slightly more than half of our participants endorsed a hallucinatory experience during the White Christmas paradigm. However, we did not observe a relationship between the number of hallucinatory experiences and schizotypy, propensity to hallucinate, or loneliness. Moreover, there were no differences on these measures between individuals who reported hearing a hallucination during the White Christmas paradigm relative to those who did not. Thus, there may be other contextual factors not investigated in this study that might clarify the mechanism by which auditory hallucinations are experienced in a nonclinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hope Lincoln
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Sarah Kim
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | - Emma Edenbaum
- Department of Psychology, Oberlin College and Conservatory, Oberlin, OH, United States of America
| | - Jill M. Hooley
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States of America
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35
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Maurer T, Jaskulski S, Behrens S, Jung AY, Obi N, Johnson T, Becher H, Chang-Claude J. Tired of feeling tired - The role of circulating inflammatory biomarkers and long-term cancer related fatigue in breast cancer survivors. Breast 2021; 56:103-109. [PMID: 33668004 PMCID: PMC7937559 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2021.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low-grade inflammation has been associated with cancer related fatigue (CRF). However, most studies focused on CRF during or shortly after treatment. Longitudinal studies are rare with inconsistent results. We assessed the association of inflammatory biomarkers with total CRF and all subdomains (physical, cognitive, affective) in long-term breast cancer survivors. METHOD Patients recruited between 2002 and 2005 provided information on CRF at first follow-up (FU1) (N = 1292) and second follow-up (FU2) (N = 1205), after a median of 6.2 years and 11.7 years, respectively. Associations of 11 inflammatory biomarkers with CRF at FU1 and at FU2 were assessed using linear regression models. Logistic regression models were used to compare patients fatigued at both time-points and those never fatigued (N = 932). RESULTS C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly associated with total CRF at FU1 (β = 1.47, 95%CI = 0.62-2.31, p = 0.0007), at FU2 (β = 1.98, 95 %CI = 0.96-2.99, p = 0.0001) and with persistent CRF (OR = 1.29, 95%CI = 1.13-1.47, p < 0.0001). IL-6 levels were associated with total CRF at FU1 (β = 1.01, 95%CI = 0.43-1.59, p = 0.0006), but not with CRF at FU2 or persistent CRF. No association remained significant after adjustment for relevant covariates. DISCUSSION CRP and Il-6 were associated with risk of CRF in long-term breast cancer survivors, but were not independent of other known risk factors, suggesting that currently studied inflammatory markers are not suitable to identify patients at risk of long-term CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Maurer
- Cancer Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany
| | - S Jaskulski
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany; Institute for Prevention and Cancer Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - S Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Y Jung
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Obi
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - T Johnson
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - H Becher
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - J Chang-Claude
- Cancer Epidemiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), Hamburg, Germany; Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
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36
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Lincoln SH, Johnson T, Winters A, Laquidara J. Social exclusion and rejection across the psychosis spectrum: A systematic review of empirical research. Schizophr Res 2021; 228:43-50. [PMID: 33434731 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.11.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Social exclusion and rejection have deleterious effects on psychological well-being. Research documents the negative effects of social exclusion and rejection on psychiatric problems like depression, social anxiety disorder, and non-suicidal self-injury. Additionally, prior research suggests that individuals with and at-risk for psychosis spectrum disorders may also be negatively affected by exclusion and rejection. Moreover, those on the psychosis spectrum may be at an even greater risk to experience social exclusion due to poor social functioning and the stigma surrounding the disorder. This systematic review aimed to investigate how individuals across the psychosis spectrum respond to social exclusion and rejection. We systematically searched PubMed and PsycINFO databases to identify studies that met the following eligibility criteria: 1) investigated social exclusion or rejection, 2) targeted a psychosis-related sample or symptoms, and 3) was an empirical study. 13 studies satisfied our eligibility criteria and were subsequently reviewed. Despite methodological variation and samples spanning the psychosis spectrum, the majority of the literature supports the conclusion that those with psychosis spectrum disorders report similar levels of exclusion-induced distress compared to healthy controls, but process and cope with exclusion differently, both behaviorally and neurobiologically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Hope Lincoln
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, United States of America.
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, United States of America
| | - Alex Winters
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, United States of America
| | - Jill Laquidara
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, United States of America
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37
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Akimov D, Albert JB, An P, Awe C, Barbeau PS, Becker B, Belov V, Bernardi I, Blackston MA, Blokland L, Bolozdynya A, Cabrera-Palmer B, Chen N, Chernyak D, Conley E, Cooper RL, Daughhetee J, Del Valle Coello M, Detwiler JA, Durand MR, Efremenko Y, Elliott SR, Fabris L, Febbraro M, Fox W, Galindo-Uribarri A, Gallo Rosso A, Green MP, Hansen KS, Heath MR, Hedges S, Hughes M, Johnson T, Kaemingk M, Kaufman LJ, Khromov A, Konovalov A, Kozlova E, Kumpan A, Li L, Librande JT, Link JM, Liu J, Mann K, Markoff DM, McGoldrick O, Moreno H, Mueller PE, Newby J, Parno DS, Penttila S, Pershey D, Radford D, Rapp R, Ray H, Raybern J, Razuvaeva O, Reyna D, Rich GC, Rudik D, Runge J, Salvat DJ, Scholberg K, Shakirov A, Simakov G, Sinev G, Snow WM, Sosnovtsev V, Suh B, Tayloe R, Tellez-Giron-Flores K, Thornton RT, Tolstukhin I, Vanderwerp J, Varner RL, Virtue CJ, Visser G, Wiseman C, Wongjirad T, Yang J, Yen YR, Yoo J, Yu CH, Zettlemoyer J. First Measurement of Coherent Elastic Neutrino-Nucleus Scattering on Argon. Phys Rev Lett 2021; 126:012002. [PMID: 33480779 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.012002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We report the first measurement of coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS) on argon using a liquid argon detector at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source. Two independent analyses prefer CEvNS over the background-only null hypothesis with greater than 3σ significance. The measured cross section, averaged over the incident neutrino flux, is (2.2±0.7)×10^{-39} cm^{2}-consistent with the standard model prediction. The neutron-number dependence of this result, together with that from our previous measurement on CsI, confirms the existence of the CEvNS process and provides improved constraints on nonstandard neutrino interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Akimov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A. I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 117218, Russian Federation
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409, Russian Federation
| | - J B Albert
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - P An
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - C Awe
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - P S Barbeau
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - B Becker
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - V Belov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A. I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 117218, Russian Federation
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409, Russian Federation
| | - I Bernardi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M A Blackston
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - L Blokland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - A Bolozdynya
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409, Russian Federation
| | | | - N Chen
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - D Chernyak
- Physics Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - E Conley
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - R L Cooper
- Department of Physics, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - J Daughhetee
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - M Del Valle Coello
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J A Detwiler
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M R Durand
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Y Efremenko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S R Elliott
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - L Fabris
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - M Febbraro
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - W Fox
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A Galindo-Uribarri
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - A Gallo Rosso
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - M P Green
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA
| | - K S Hansen
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - M R Heath
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - S Hedges
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Hughes
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - M Kaemingk
- Department of Physics, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - L J Kaufman
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - A Khromov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409, Russian Federation
| | - A Konovalov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A. I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 117218, Russian Federation
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409, Russian Federation
| | - E Kozlova
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A. I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 117218, Russian Federation
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409, Russian Federation
| | - A Kumpan
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409, Russian Federation
| | - L Li
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - J T Librande
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - J M Link
- Center for Neutrino Physics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061, USA
| | - J Liu
- Physics Department, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, South Dakota 57069, USA
| | - K Mann
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D M Markoff
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27707, USA
| | - O McGoldrick
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - H Moreno
- Department of Physics, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
| | - P E Mueller
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Newby
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D S Parno
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - S Penttila
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - D Pershey
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D Radford
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - R Rapp
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - H Ray
- Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - J Raybern
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - O Razuvaeva
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A. I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 117218, Russian Federation
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409, Russian Federation
| | - D Reyna
- Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550, USA
| | - G C Rich
- Enrico Fermi Institute and Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - D Rudik
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A. I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 117218, Russian Federation
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409, Russian Federation
| | - J Runge
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - D J Salvat
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - K Scholberg
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - A Shakirov
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409, Russian Federation
| | - G Simakov
- Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A. I. Alikhanov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 117218, Russian Federation
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409, Russian Federation
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Moscow Region 141700, Russian Federation
| | - G Sinev
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - W M Snow
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - V Sosnovtsev
- National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute), Moscow, 115409, Russian Federation
| | - B Suh
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R Tayloe
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | | | - R T Thornton
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - I Tolstukhin
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - J Vanderwerp
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - R L Varner
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C J Virtue
- Department of Physics, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - G Visser
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
| | - C Wiseman
- Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - T Wongjirad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Y-R Yen
- Department of Physics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Department of Physics at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
- Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon, 34051, Republic of Korea
| | - C-H Yu
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J Zettlemoyer
- Department of Physics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47405, USA
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Hoops K, Johnson T, Grossman ER, McCourt A, Crifasi C, Benjamin-Neelon SE. Stay-at-home orders and firearms in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Prev Med 2020; 141:106281. [PMID: 33038359 PMCID: PMC7539896 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2020.106281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Firearms are a leading cause of death and injury in the United States, and this trend has continued during the COVID-19 pandemic. We sought to identify whether states designated gun retailers as essential businesses in their stay-at-home orders and characterize other references that could affect firearm acquisition during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this cross-sectional policy review, we assessed stay-at-home orders issued in March or April 2020. Orders were reviewed in their entirety, and any reference to firearms, firearm retailers, shooting ranges, or other relevant elements was documented. Forty-three states and the District of Columbia issued stay-at-home orders. Most considered federal firearm licensees to be among essential businesses or made provisions for them to remain open during widespread business closures. Others referenced the US Department of Homeland Security's Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA) advisory memorandum on essential critical infrastructure workers which named workers supporting firearm manufacturing and retail among essential workers. Therefore, stay-at-home orders issued in most states included provisions for firearms retailers to remain open, at least in some capacity. Only four states and the District of Columbia did not include federal firearms licensees among essential businesses or include provisions for them to be open. Meanwhile, an all-time high in firearm background checks indicates firearm sales have markedly increased. Given the associations between firearm access and injury risk, the effects of continued firearm access facilitated by these orders should be the focus of future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hoops
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States.
| | - Taylor Johnson
- Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N Charles St, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Elyse R Grossman
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
| | - Alex McCourt
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Cassandra Crifasi
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health Policy and Management, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Sara E Benjamin-Neelon
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Health, Behavior and Society, 615 N Wolfe St, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States
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Benoit JJ, Roudaia E, Johnson T, Love T, Faubert J. The neuropsychological profile of professional action video game players. PeerJ 2020; 8:e10211. [PMID: 33240605 PMCID: PMC7678459 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past 20 years, there has been growing research interest in the association between video games and cognition. Although many studies have found that video game players are better than non-players in multiple cognitive domains, other studies failed to replicate these results. Until now, the vast majority of studies defined video game players based on the number of hours an individual spent playing video games, with relatively few studies focusing on video game expertise using performance criteria. In the current study, we sought to examine whether individuals who play video games at a professional level in the esports industry differ from amateur video game players in their cognitive and learning abilities. We assessed 14 video game players who play in a competitive league (Professional) and 16 casual video game players (Amateur) on set of standard neuropsychological tests evaluating processing speed, attention, memory, executive functions, and manual dexterity. We also examined participants' ability to improve performance on a dynamic visual attention task that required tracking multiple objects in three-dimensions (3D-MOT) over five sessions. Professional players showed the largest performance advantage relative to Amateur players in a test of visual spatial memory (Spatial Span), with more modest benefits in a test of selective and sustained attention (d2 Test of Attention), and test of auditory working memory (Digit Span). Professional players also showed better speed thresholds in the 3D-MOT task overall, but the rate of improvement with training did not differ in the two groups. Future longitudinal studies of elite video game experts are required to determine whether the observed performance benefits of professional gamers may be due to their greater engagement in video game play, or due to pre-existing differences that promote achievement of high performance in action video games.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Justine Benoit
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
- Faubert Lab, École d’Optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Taylor Johnson
- Infinite Esports and Entertainment, Frisco, TX, United-States
| | - Trevor Love
- Infinite Esports and Entertainment, Frisco, TX, United-States
| | - Jocelyn Faubert
- Faubert Lab, École d’Optométrie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Connolly G, Mora J, Sammut E, Kashyap M, Dastidar A, Gall A, De Silva K, Joshi N, Dorman S, Strange J, Johnson T. How relevant is the ISCHEMIA trial to a rapid access chest pain clinic cohort of patients? Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
The ISCHEMIA trial demonstrated that optimal medical therapy (OMT) is not inferior to an early interventional approach for stable angina. This could significantly impact on clinical practice. This study aimed to check the relevance of the ISCHEMIA trial in a real-world population of patients referred to a tertiary centre with recent onset chest pain (CP).
Methods
In this registry study, electronic notes of all patients assessed in a Rapid Access Chest Pain Clinic (RACPC) within a 12-month period (2018–19) were reviewed. Patients were selected if they met key ISCHEMIA trial inclusion criteria.
Results
2416 patients were assessed, 378 (15.6%) presented with typical anginal CP, 1357 (56.2%) had atypical CP and 681 (28.2%) had non anginal CP.
Of the typical CP group, 158 patients were excluded (91 known CAD, 62 ACS, 2 eGFR <30mL/min, 3 severe LVSD). This resulted in 220 patients, representing 58.2% of the typical chest pain population and 9.1% of all patients seen in RACPC. These patients had a median age of 60 years, 96 (44%) female, 119 (54.1%) had high cholesterol, 44 (20%) had diabetes, 115 (52.3%) had hypertension, 104 (47.3%) had a family history of ischaemic heart disease, and 32 (14.5%) were current smokers.
Of these 220 patients, 48 (21.8%) had a CT coronary angiogram (CTCA) requested as their first line investigation (42 completed) with 1 (2.4%) patients result suggestive of significant left main stem (LMS) disease. 15 (6.8%) patients had stress echocardiography requested as their first line investigation (13 completed), 4 (31%) were positive for inducible ischaemia. 3 (1.4%) patients had stress CMR requested as their first line investigation (2 completed), both were negative. 143 (65%) patients had an invasive coronary angiogram (ICA) requested as their first line investigation (112 completed). 8 patients had severe LMS disease and were referred for surgical opinion. A further 11 patients were referred for surgical opinion due to multivessel disease or aberrant coronary anatomy. In total 24 (21.4%) patients were treated with PCI following ICA as their first line investigation.
All patients were started on medical therapy for presumed CAD with up-titration while awaiting investigations. The median wait time for a CTCA was 55 days compared to 165.5 days for ICA.
Two patients (0.9%) from the cohort of 220 patients died during the follow up period, compared to 2.5% of patients admitted from RACPC with an ACS diagnosis.
Conclusion
Patients present with undifferentiated chest pain, consequently the outcomes of the ISCHEMIA trial must be considered cautiously. Within our cohort of 2416 patients, only 9% of patients met key inclusion criteria of the trial. Ultimately, only 19.5% patients with typical chest pain were revascularised, unlike 80% of patients in the invasive arm of ISCHEMIA. It is unclear how the results of the ISCHEMIA trial will impact on UK practice, but it is clear that OMT plays a central role.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J Mora
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - E Sammut
- University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - M Kashyap
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Dastidar
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - A Gall
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - K De Silva
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - N Joshi
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - S Dorman
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - J Strange
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - T Johnson
- Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol, United Kingdom
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Akimov D, An P, Awe C, Barbeau P, Becker B, Belov V, Blackston M, Bolozdynya A, Cabrera-Palmer B, Chen N, Conley E, Cooper R, Daughhetee J, del Valle Coello M, Detwiler J, Durand M, Efremenko Y, Elliott S, Fabris L, Febbraro M, Fox W, Galindo-Uribarri A, Green M, Hansen K, Heath M, Hedges S, Johnson T, Kaemingk M, Kaufman L, Khromov A, Konovalov A, Kozlova E, Kumpan A, Li L, Librande J, Link J, Liu J, Mann K, Markoff D, Moreno H, Mueller P, Newby J, Parno D, Penttila S, Pershey D, Radford D, Rapp R, Ray H, Raybern J, Razuvaeva O, Reyna D, Rich G, Rudik D, Runge J, Salvat D, Scholberg K, Shakirov A, Simakov G, Sinev G, Snow W, Sosnovtsev V, Suh B, Tayloe R, Tellez-Giron-Flores K, Thornton R, Tolstukhin I, Vanderwerp J, Varner R, Virtue C, Visser G, Wiseman C, Wongjirad T, Yang J, Yen YR, Yoo J, Yu CH, Zettlemoyer J. Sensitivity of the COHERENT experiment to accelerator-produced dark matter. Int J Clin Exp Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.102.052007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Johnson T, Knapp MPA, Ritter MK, King-Lyons ND, Grier JT, Rainer RO, Connell TD, Arce S. Dynamic changes in patterns of ganglioside expression characterize maturation of lymphoid lineage cells into effector cells and suggest a close relationship between CD8+ T cells and NK cells. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.230.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Gangliosides are glycosphingolipids that play important regulatory roles in cell signaling and differentiation. To investigate their expression patterns during lymphoid cell development, human PBMC were stained with recombinant B subunits of LT-IIa, LT-IIb, or LT-IIc and with select mAb. FACS analysis showed that ganglioside ligands for LT-IIaB, LT-IIbB, and LT-IIcB were increasingly expressed during transition from naïve to memory to effector memory CD4+ T cells, with ganglioside ligands for LT-IIbB exhibiting the greatest increase. A similar trend was observed in CD8+ T cell subsets, except no major changes in the expression of LT-IIaB ligands were detected. Patterns of ganglioside expression in NK cell subsets were remarkably similar to those observed in the CD8+ T cells: The ganglioside ligands for LT-IIbB and LT-IIcB were increasingly expressed during transition from tissue-resident to effector to differentiated/exhausted NK cells, with ganglioside ligands for LT-IIbB exhibiting the greatest increase and ligands for LT-IIaB showing little change across subsets. Finally, expression of LT-IIaB- and LT-IIcB-binding gangliosides increased during transition from naïve to memory to antibody-secreting B cells, with ganglioside ligands for LT-IIaB exhibiting the greatest increase and ligands for LT-IIbB showing little change across subsets. Our results demonstrated the existence of dynamic changes in the patterns of gangliosides expressed throughout lymphoid cell development and differentiation. The distinct patterns suggest the existence of cell signaling differences between and within the distinct lymphoid cell lineages and a close developmental and functional relationship between CD8+ T cells and NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Johnson
- 1University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Department of Biomedical Science
| | - Mary-Peyton A. Knapp
- 1University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Department of Biomedical Science
| | - Madison K. Ritter
- 1University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Department of Biomedical Science
| | - Natalie D. King-Lyons
- 2University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Jennifer T. Grier
- 1University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Department of Biomedical Science
| | - Robert O Rainer
- 3University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Department of Pathology
| | - Terry D. Connell
- 2University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology
| | - Sergio Arce
- 1University of South Carolina School of Medicine Greenville, Department of Biomedical Science
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Johnson T, Brineman R, Schultze C, Barkovskii AL. Efficient removal of bacteria from aqueous media with kaolinite and diatomaceous earth products. J Appl Microbiol 2020; 129:466-473. [PMID: 32180297 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To understand the relationships between physical and chemical parameters of kaolinite and diatomaceous earth, and their capacities to remove bacteria from aqueous media. To determine the optimal aqueous media parameters for use of these products in water disinfection processes. METHODS AND RESULTS Seven kaolinite and three diatomaceous earth products were evaluated. Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus megaterium were used as proxy for bacterial pathogens. Fully calcined kaolin and amorphous diatomaceous earth demonstrated the highest extent and consistency in removing all the bacteria. The removal depended on ionic strength and pH of aqueous media with 100 mmol l-1 pH 5 potassium hydrogen phthalate buffer revealing the highest (2 log per gram) extent of the removal. Al3+ cations enhanced sorption up to 4 log per gram. CONCLUSIONS Calcined kaolin and amorphous diatomaceous earth are excellent sorbents for bacteria. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Fully calcined kaolin and amorphous diatomaceous earth are perspective tools for wastewater and water disinfection against waterborne bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Johnson
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
| | - R Brineman
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
| | - C Schultze
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
| | - A L Barkovskii
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Georgia College and State University, Milledgeville, GA, USA
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Sanogo M, Khaja M, Majdalany B, Johnson T, Williams D. Abstract No. 657 Endovascular recanalization of thrombosed iliocaval and iliofemoral stents in patients with previously treated May-Thurner syndrome: retrospective review of 43 patients with 1-year outcomes. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Schlag AN, Johnson T, Vinayak A, Kuvaldina A, Skinner OT, Wustefeld-Janssens BG. Comparison of methods to determine primary tumour size in canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma. J Small Anim Pract 2020; 61:185-189. [PMID: 31960434 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Revised: 10/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess agreement between measurement of primary apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma tumours using digital palpation, CT and formalin-fixed tissue and to look for associations with metastasis at presentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrospective study of different methods of measuring primary tumour size in histopathologically-confirmed canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma. RESULTS One hundred sixteen tumours from 107 dogs were included. There was moderate agreement between maximal dimension of the primary tumour measured by CT compared to formalin-fixed tissue and digital palpation. There was no significant difference in median maximum dimension between the measurement methods. Vascular invasion, CT stage, digital rectal examination stage and formalin-fixed tissue stage were significantly associated with metastasis at presentation, while mitotic index of the primary tumour was not. Dogs with tumours >2.5 cm (tumour-stage 2) were significantly more likely to present with metastatic disease. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE In canine apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma, primary tumour size, tumour-stage and vascular invasion are strong predictors of metastasis at presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Schlag
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Department of Surgery, VCA West Coast Specialty and Emergency Animal Hospital, Fountain Valley, California, USA
| | - A Vinayak
- Department of Surgery, VCA West Coast Specialty and Emergency Animal Hospital, Fountain Valley, California, USA
| | - A Kuvaldina
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - O T Skinner
- Department of Small Animal Surgery, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA
| | - B G Wustefeld-Janssens
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A & M University, College Station, Texas, USA
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Forsha D, Ptomey L, Johnson T, Goth N, Kuzava L, France R, Kathol M, Artman M, Donnelly J. P1548 Changes in left ventricular deformation with weight loss in obese adolescents with intellectual and developmental delays (IDD). Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jez319.969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
AHA Career Development grant
Background
Adolescents with IDD have twice the prevalence of obesity as their typically developed peers, leading to frequent early obesity-related subclinical cardiac dysfunction, detected by strain echo. The effects of weight loss on cardiac deformation are unknown in this population.
Purpose
To evaluate early cardiac dysfunction in overweight IDD adolescents before and after a 6-month caloric restriction-weight loss program.
Methods
Subjects with IDD co-enrolling in a weight loss program were consented for this strain imaging study, excluding those with congenital heart disease. An echo measuring LVEF (bullet), 2D speckle longitudinal LV global strain (GLS) and strain rate (GLSr) from 3 apical views and global circumferential strain from a parasternal short axis view at the paps (GCS) was performed at baseline and 6 months. Analysis included paired T-test and regression analysis, p ≤ 0.05 significant.
Results
Overweight (5) and obese (15) adolescents (40% female) had baseline LV strain measurements that were mildly diminished with increased baseline body weight predicting diminished GLS (P = 0.034) and GCS (P = 0.046) on regression modeling. After 6 months, weight and BMI decreased significantly with improvements in GLS and GCS and non-significant trends towards improvement in GLSr and early diastolic global strain rate. BMI change at 6 months predicted change in GLS (p = 0.015) and GCS (p = 0.0087) on regression modeling. At baseline, LVEF and LV end-diastolic volume were normal with no change over 6 months (p > 0.55).
Conclusions
Baseline abnormalities in LV deformation with preserved LVEF are present in this young, obese IDD population with improvements in BMI predicting those in GLS and GCS after a 6-month caloric restriction-weight loss program. These data provide compelling justification for larger studies in this population.
n Baseline (mean ± SD) 6-mo. follow up 0-6 mo. change p-value Age (years) 20 17.0 ± 2.0 17.5 ± 2.1 0.5 ± 0.1 Weight (kg) 20 86.9 ± 22.2 83.1 ± 22.7 -3.7 ± 5.9 0.014 BMI (kg/m²) 20 32.2 ± 5.3 30.4 ± 5.7 -1.8 ± 2.2 0.0031 GLS (%) 20 16.9 ± 1.6 19.2 ± 2.7 2.4 ± 2.0 0.00023 GLSr 20 1.15 ± 0.018 1.22 ± 0.18 0.06 ± 0.16 0.096 EaGLSr 20 1.83 ± 0.038 2.01 ± 0.46 0.18 ± 0.45 0.098 GCS (%) 20 19.1 ± 2.3 22.0 ± 2.6 2.82 ± 2.6 0.00019 LV deformation before and after weight loss. GLS, GLSr, and GCS are reported as positive values (absolute values). Body Mass Index (BMI); Early Diastolic Global Longitudinal Strain Rate (EaGLSr)
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Affiliation(s)
- D Forsha
- Children"s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - L Ptomey
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - T Johnson
- Children"s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - N Goth
- Children"s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - L Kuzava
- Children"s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - R France
- Children"s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - M Kathol
- Children"s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - M Artman
- Children"s Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, United States of America
| | - J Donnelly
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, United States of America
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Coffey R, Butcher J, Benham B, Johnson T. Modeling the Effects of Future Hydroclimatic Conditions on Microbial Water Quality and Management Practices in Two Agricultural Watersheds. Trans ASABE 2020; 63:753-770. [PMID: 34327039 PMCID: PMC8318128 DOI: 10.13031/trans.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anticipated future hydroclimatic changes are expected to alter the transport and survival of fecally-sourced waterborne pathogens, presenting an increased risk of recreational water quality impairments. Managing future risk requires an understanding of interactions between fecal sources, hydroclimatic conditions and best management practices (BMPs) at spatial scales relevant to decision makers. In this study we used the Hydrologic Simulation Program FORTRAN to quantify potential fecal coliform (FC - an indicator of the potential presence of pathogens) responses to a range of mid-century climate scenarios and assess different BMP scenarios (based on reduction factors) for reducing the risk of water quality impairment in two, small agricultural watersheds - the Chippewa watershed in Minnesota, and the Tye watershed in Virginia. In each watershed, simulations show a wide range of FC responses, driven largely by variability in projected future precipitation. Wetter future conditions, which drive more transport from non-point sources (e.g. manure application, livestock grazing), show increases in FC loads. Loads typically decrease under drier futures; however, higher mean FC concentrations and more recreational water quality criteria exceedances occur, likely caused by reduced flow during low-flow periods. Median changes across the ensemble generally show increases in FC load. BMPs that focus on key fecal sources (e.g., runoff from pasture, livestock defecation in streams) within a watershed can mitigate the effects of hydroclimatic change on FC loads. However, more extensive BMP implementation or improved BMP efficiency (i.e., higher FC reductions) may be needed to fully offset increases in FC load and meet water quality goals, such as total maximum daily loads and recreational water quality standards. Strategies for managing climate risk should be flexible and to the extent possible include resilient BMPs that function as designed under a range of future conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Coffey
- formerly ORISE Fellow, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - J Butcher
- Director, Tetra Tech, Inc., Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - B Benham
- Professor, Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Seitz Hall, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - T Johnson
- Physical Scientist, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, D.C., USA
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MacDonald SJ, Anderson S, Brereton P, Wood R, Damant A, Aletrari M, Alonso S, Burdaspal P, Darroch J, Donnelly C, Durand T, Felguerias I, French R, Griffin J, Heide C, Herry M, Hollywood F, Howe A, Ioannou-Kakouri E, Johnson T, Kernaghan I, Krska R, Nisbet J, Pettersson H, Procter J, Rawcliffe P, Smith A, Smith W, Stangroom S, Stevens C, Swanson W, Sweet P, Thomas M, Waller J, Welsh P. Determination of Zearalenone in Barley, Maize and Wheat Flour, Polenta, and Maize-Based Baby Food by Immunoaffinity Column Cleanup with Liquid Chromatography: Interlaboratory Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/88.6.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
An interlaboratory study was performed on behalf of the UK Food Standards Agency to evaluate the effectiveness of an affinity column cleanup liquid chromatography (LC) method for the determination of zearalenone (ZON) in a variety of cereals and cereal products at proposed European regulatory limits. The test portion is extracted with acetonitrile:water. The sample extract is filtered, diluted, and applied to an affinity column. The column is washed, and ZON is eluted with acetonitrile. ZON is quantified by reversed-phase LC with fluorescence detection. Barley, wheat and maize flours, polenta, and a maize-based baby food naturally contaminated, spiked, and blank (very low level) were sent to 28 collaborators in 9 European countries and 1 collaborator in New Zealand. Participants were asked to spike test portions of all samples at a ZON concentration equivalent to 100 μg/kg. Average recoveries ranged from 91–111%. Based on results for 4 artificially contaminated samples (blind duplicates) and 1 naturally contaminated sample (blind duplicate), the relative standard deviation for repeatability (RSDr) ranged from 6.9–35.8%, and the relative standard deviation for reproducibility (RSDR) ranged from 16.4–38.2%. The method showed acceptable within- and between-laboratory precision for all 5 matrixes, as evidenced by HorRat values <1.7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan J MacDonald
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Sharron Anderson
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Brereton
- Central Science Laboratory, Sand Hutton, York, YO41 1LZ, United Kingdom
| | - Roger Wood
- Food Standards Agency, Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London, WC2B 6NH, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Damant
- Food Standards Agency, Aviation House, 125 Kingsway, London, WC2B 6NH, United Kingdom
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Johnson T, Peacock E, Silver J, Marsh J, Petty R, Krousel-Wood MA. SEX DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ATTITUDES TOWARD MEDICATIONS AND POOR ANTIHYPERTENSIVE MEDICATION ADHERENCE IN ELDERLY. Innov Aging 2019. [PMCID: PMC6845448 DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igz038.971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite its importance for blood pressure control, antihypertensive medication adherence remains a challenge in older adults. Explicit and implicit attitudinal ambivalence toward medications (holding both positive and negative explicit attitudes, and discrepant explicit and implicit attitudes, respectively) may underlie low adherence. We examined whether race, age, or sex affect the associations between attitudes, ambivalence, and adherence. A questionnaire and implicit association test captured medication attitudes from hypertensive adults aged ≥55 (n=199). Adherence was measured with the Krousel-Wood Medication Adherence Scale (K-Wood-MAS-4). Higher scores on the attitudes and adherence scales indicate more positive attitudes and worse adherence, respectively. Associations and effect modification by sex, race (white vs. nonwhite), and age (<65 vs. ≥65) were tested in separate ordinary least squares regressions. The sample was 51.0% female, 43.7% nonwhite, 35.5% aged ≥65, with mean K-Wood-MAS-4 0.64 (SD=0.88). Better adherence was associated with more positive net explicit attitudes (β=-0.18, 95% CI -0.30, -0.06, p=0.003), and worse adherence with higher explicit ambivalence (β=-0.05, 95% CI 0.01, 0.09, p=0.028). The associations with explicit attitudes and explicit ambivalence were significant for men (β=-0.30, 95% CI -0.48, -0.11, p=0.002 and β=0.09, 95% CI 0.03, 0.15, p=0.005, respectively) but not for women (β=-0.07, 95% CI -0.423, 0.09, p=0.378 and β=-0.00, 95% CI -0.06, 0.05, p=0.982, respectively) (p-values for interaction=0.062 and 0.031, respectively). No race or age differences were identified. Adherence was not associated with implicit attitudes or implicit ambivalence. In conclusion, explicit attitudes and explicit attitudinal ambivalence may underlie low adherence to antihypertensive medications, particularly for older men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Johnson
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Erin Peacock
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Julia Silver
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - James Marsh
- Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
| | - Richard Petty
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States
| | - M A Krousel-Wood
- Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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