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Granillo-Luna ON, Hernandez-Aguirre LE, Peregrino-Uriarte AB, Duarte-Gutierrez J, Contreras-Vergara CA, Gollas-Galvan T, Yepiz-Plascencia G. The anaplerotic pyruvate carboxylase from white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: Gene structure, molecular characterization, protein modelling and expression during hypoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2022; 269:111212. [PMID: 35417748 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.111212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxic zones are spreading worldwide in marine environments affecting many organisms. Shrimp and other marine crustaceans can withstand environmental hypoxia using several strategies, including the regulation of energy producing metabolic pathways. Pyruvate carboxylase (PC) catalyzes the first reaction of gluconeogenesis to produce oxaloacetate from pyruvate. In mammals, PC also participates in lipogenesis, insulin secretion and other processes, but this enzyme has been scarcely studied in marine invertebrates. In this work, we characterized the gene encoding PC in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, modelled the protein structure and evaluated its gene expression in hepatopancreas during hypoxia, as well as glucose and lactate concentrations. The PC gene codes for a mitochondrial protein and has 21 coding exons and 4 non-coding exons that generate three transcript variants with differences only in the 5'-UTR. Total PC expression is more abundant in hepatopancreas compared to gills or muscle, indicating tissue-specific expression. Under hypoxic conditions of 1.53 mg/L dissolved oxygen, PC expression is maintained in hepatopancreas, indicating its key role even in energy-limited conditions. Finally, both glucose and lactate concentrations were maintained under hypoxia for 24-48 h in hepatopancreas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar N Granillo-Luna
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Laura E Hernandez-Aguirre
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Alma B Peregrino-Uriarte
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Jorge Duarte-Gutierrez
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Carmen A Contreras-Vergara
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Teresa Gollas-Galvan
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico
| | - Gloria Yepiz-Plascencia
- Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo (CIAD), A. C., Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas, no. 46, Col. La Victoria, Hermosillo, Sonora, C. P. 83304, Mexico.
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Peregrino-Uriarte AB, Muhlia-Almazan AT, Arvizu-Flores AA, Gomez-Anduro G, Gollas-Galvan T, Yepiz-Plascencia G, Sotelo-Mundo RR. Shrimp invertebrate lysozyme i-lyz: gene structure, molecular model and response of c and i lysozymes to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2012; 32:230-236. [PMID: 22080112 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2011.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Revised: 10/22/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The invertebrate lysozyme (i-lyz or destabilase) is present in shrimp. This protein may have a function as a peptidoglycan-breaking enzyme and as a peptidase. Shrimp is commonly infected with Vibrio sp., a Gram-negative bacteria, and it is known that the c-lyz (similar to chicken lysozyme) is active against these bacteria. To further understand the regulation of lysozymes, we determined the gene sequence and modeled the protein structure of i-lyz. In addition, the expression of i-lyz and c-lyz in response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied. The shrimp i-lyz gene is interrupted by two introns with canonical splice junctions. The expression of the shrimp i-lyz was transiently down-regulated after LPS injection followed by induction after 6 h in hepatopancreas. In contrast, c-lyz was up-regulated in hepatopancreas 4 h post-injection and slightly down-regulated in gills. The L. vannamei i-lyz does not contain the catalytic residues for muramidase (glycohydrolase) neither isopeptidase activities; however, it is known that the antibacterial activity does not solely rely on the enzymatic activity of the protein. The study of invertebrate lysozyme will increase our understanding of the regulatory process of the defense mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma B Peregrino-Uriarte
- Aquatic Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico
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