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Larsen EN, Brünnich Sloth MM, Nielsen J, Osler M, Jørgensen TSH. The Association of Children and Their Educational Attainment With Diabetes-related Complications and Mortality Among Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Nationwide Cohort Study. Can J Diabetes 2023; 47:649-657.e6. [PMID: 37460085 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjd.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Socioeconomic resources and family support have been shown to improve adherence to treatment in people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and are associated with a lower risk of diabetes-related complications and death. We investigated the associations of having children and their educational level with diabetes-related complications and death among older adults with T2D. METHODS We included 74,588 adults who were at least 65 years of age at the time of T2D diagnosis over the period from 2000 to 2018 in Denmark and grouped them based on having children (yes [reference]/no), and their children's highest educational level (low/medium/high [reference]). Multistate models were performed with 3 states: T2D diagnosis, diabetes-related complications, and death. All models were stratified by other chronic diseases at baseline (yes/no). RESULTS During follow-up (mean, 5.5 years), 14.6% of the adults developed a complication and 24.8% died with or without complications. Not having children was associated with a higher hazard of death without complications among adults without (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.17 to 1.33) and with (HR, 1.10; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.18) other chronic diseases and after complications among adults without other chronic diseases (HR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.38). Having children with a lower educational level was associated with a higher hazard of complications (HRlow, 1.14; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.24; HRmedium, 1.11; 95% CI, 1.05 to 1.17), death without complications (HRlow, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.36; HRmedium, 1.07; 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.14), and after complications (HRlow, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.07 to 1.39) among adults without other chronic diseases. CONCLUSIONS Among adults without other chronic diseases, having no children or having children with lower educational levels was associated with a higher hazard of death. Among these adults, having children with lower educational levels was also associated with a higher hazard of diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Neble Larsen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mathilde Marie Brünnich Sloth
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jannie Nielsen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Rozing MP, Wium-Andersen MK, Wium-Andersen IK, Jørgensen TSH, Jørgensen MB, Osler M. Use of hypnotic-sedative medication and risk of falls and fractures in adults: A self-controlled case series study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2023; 148:394-404. [PMID: 37665682 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the risk of falls and fractures in users of benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, or melatonin. METHODS We followed 699,335 adults with a purchase of benzodiazepines, Z-drugs, or melatonin in the Danish National Prescription Registry between 2003 and 2016 for falls and fractures in the Danish National Patient Registry between 2000 and 2018. A self-controlled case-series analysis and conditional Poisson regression were used to derive incidence rate ratios (IRR) of falls and fractures during six predefined periods. RESULTS In total 62,105 and 36,808 adults, respectively, experienced a fall or fracture. For older adults, the risk of falls was highest during the 3-month pre-treatment period (IRRmen+70 , 4.22 (95% confidence interval, 3.53-5.05), IRRwomen + 70 , 3.03 (2.59-3.55)) compared to the baseline (>1 year before initiation). The risk continued to be higher in the later treatment periods. Contrarily, in men and women aged 40-69 years, the risk was only higher in the 3-month pre-treatment period. The incidence of falls among young men and women was slightly lower after initiation of sedating medication (treatment period, IRRmen15-39 , 0.66 (0.50-0.86), IRRwomen15-39 , 0.65 (0.51-0.83)). Analyses with fractures as outcome yielded similar results. CONCLUSIONS Although falls and fractures occur more often in persons using sedative-hypnotic medication, the higher risk of falls and fractures in the pre-treatment period relative to the period directly after treatment, suggests that this association is better explained by other factors that elicited the prescription of this medication rather than the adverse effects of the sedative-hypnotic medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten Pieter Rozing
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Kim Wium-Andersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ida Kim Wium-Andersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Larsen EN, Sloth MMB, Nielsen J, Andersen SP, Osler M, Jørgensen TSH. The interplay between the impact of household's and children's education on the risk of type 2 diabetes and death among older adults: a Danish register-based cohort study. Public Health 2023; 224:178-184. [PMID: 37804713 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess the association of household's and children's education on the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and subsequent death. STUDY DESIGN Danish register-based cohort study. METHODS In total, 1,021,557 adults were included at their 65th birthday between 2000 and 2018. A multistate survival model was performed to estimate the association of household's and children's education on the transition between the three states: 1) 65th birthday; 2) diagnosis of T2D; and 3) all-cause death. RESULTS The incidence rates per 1000 person-years were 9.1 for T2D, 18.4 for death without T2D, and 45.0 for death with T2D. Compared to long household's education and children's education, long household's education combined with either short-medium children's education or no children were associated with a 1.49- (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44; 1.54] and 1.69-times (95% CI: 1.61;1.78) higher hazard of T2D, respectively. Short-medium household's education combined with either long children's education or no children were associated with 0.64- (95% CI: 0.62; 0.66) and 0.77-times (95% CI: 0.74; 0.79) lower hazard of T2D, respectively. Compared to long household's education and children's education, any other combination of household's and children's education was associated with higher hazards of death both without and with T2D. CONCLUSION Older adults living in households with long education with no children or children with short-medium education had higher hazards of T2D. Households with short-medium education and no children or children with long education were associated with lower hazards of T2D. Both household's and children's education were associated with higher hazard of death without and with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Larsen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M M B Sloth
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Nielsen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S P Andersen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Oester Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen 1353, Denmark
| | - T S H Jørgensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Sloth MMB, Neble Larsen E, Godtfredsen NS, Osler M, Jørgensen TSH. Impact of offspring and their educational level on readmission and death among older adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a nationwide cohort study using multistate survival models. J Epidemiol Community Health 2023; 77:558-564. [PMID: 37311624 DOI: 10.1136/jech-2022-220243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well described that there is social inequality in the disease course of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but the impact of social relations is less explored. We aimed to investigate the impact of adult offspring and their educational level on readmission and death among older adults with COPD. METHODS In total, 71 084 older adults born 1935-53 with COPD diagnosed at age ≥65 years in 2000-2018 were included. Multistate survival models were performed to estimate the impact of adult offspring (offspring (reference) vs no offspring) and their educational level (low, medium or high (reference)) on the transition intensities between three states: COPD diagnosis, readmission and all-cause death. RESULTS During follow-up, 29 828 (42.0%) had a readmission and 18 504 (26.0%) died with or without readmission. Not having offspring was associated with higher hazards of death without readmission (HRwomen: 1.52 (95% CI: 1.39 to 1.67), HRmen: 1.29 (95% CI: 1.20 to 1.39)) and a higher hazard of death after readmission for women only (HRwomen: 1.19 (95% CI: 1.08 to 1.30). Having offspring with low educational level was associated with higher hazards of readmission (HRwomen: 1.12 (95% CI: 1.06 to 1.19)), (HRmen: 1.06 (95%CI: 1.002 to 1.12)), death without readmission (HRwomen: 1.24 (95% CI: 1.11 to 1.39)), HRmen: 1.16 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.29) and death after readmission for men only (HRmen: 1.15 (95% CI: 1.05 to 1.25)). Having offspring with medium educational level was associated with a higher hazard of death without readmission for women (HRwomen: 1.11 (95% CI: 1.02 to 1.21)). CONCLUSION Adult offspring and their educational level were associated with higher risk of readmission and death among older adults with COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Marie Brünnich Sloth
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Emma Neble Larsen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Nina Skavlan Godtfredsen
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Hvidovre Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Honoré ET, Jakobsen SH, Osler M, Jørgensen TSH. The impact of AUD on death for men with different IQ-scores: a register-based cohort study of 645 955 men. Alcohol Alcohol 2023; 58:442-450. [PMID: 36966540 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether the effect of alcohol use disorder (AUD) on death by natural and unnatural causes, respectively, differs according to intelligence quotient (IQ) scores. METHODS We followed 654 955 Danish men, including 75 267 brothers, born between 1939 and 1959 from their 25th birthday, 1 January 1970, or date of conscription (whichever came last) until 31 December 2018. The exposure of AUD was defined by first registered treatment (diagnosis since 1969, prescription medicine since 1994, or other treatment since 2006), and the outcomes of death by natural and unnatural causes, respectively, were obtained from nationwide registers since 1970. Information on IQ score was retrieved at conscription from the Danish Conscription Database. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION In total, 86 106 men were defined with an AUD. AUD combined with the highest, middle, and lowest IQ score tertiles, respectively, were associated with a 5.90 (95% confidence interval [CI] 5.75; 6.01), 6.88 (95% CI: 6.73; 7.04), and 7.53 (95% CI: 7.38; 7.68) times higher hazard of death by natural causes compared with no AUD and the highest IQ score tertile. The risk of death by unnatural causes was comparable for men with AUD regardless of IQ score tertile. A within-brother analysis showed that the impact of AUD on death by natural and unnatural causes, respectively, did not vary between men with different IQ score tertiles, but were hampered by statistical uncertainty. Our study indicates a need of special focus on men with lower levels of IQ score and AUD for prevention of death by natural causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Theisen Honoré
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg Hospital, Ndr. Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 160, 1123 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Søren Helmer Jakobsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg Hospital, Ndr. Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 160, 1123 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg Hospital, Ndr. Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Bartholinsgade 6, 1356 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Frederiksberg Hospital, Ndr. Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Gothersgade 160, 1123 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Osler M, Okholm GT, Jørgensen TSH, Rozing MP. 25-year trends in first-time hospitalizations for Parkinson's disease and subsequent mortality: A Danish nationwide cohort study. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 112:105471. [PMID: 37267817 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most countries, incidence and mortality for Parkinson's disease (PD) have not been monitored by surveillance registries, although it could demonstrate the need for primary and tertiary prevention. OBJECTIVE To examine 25-year trends in first-time hospitalizations for PD in Denmark and subsequent short and long-term mortality. METHODS In a nationwide population-based cohort we identified all 34,947 individuals with a first-time hospitalization for PD from 1995 through 2019. We calculated standardized incidence rates of PD and 1-year and 5-year mortality by sex. Mortality rates were compared with a reference cohort randomly selected from the background population matched on sex, age, and index date. RESULTS The annual standardized incidence rate of PD was relatively stable during the study period in both men and women. The incidence of PD was higher in men than in women and with the highest incidence in those aged 70-79 years. One and 5-year mortality risk after first-time hospitalization for PD was similar for men and women, and decreased by around 30% and 20%, respectively, between 1995 and 2019. The matched reference cohort had a similar decline in mortality over time. CONCLUSION The rate of first-time hospitalization for PD was relatively stable between 1995 and 2019, whereas subsequent short and long-term mortality declined during the period as in the reference cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 F, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, K 1014, Denmark.
| | - G T Okholm
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 F, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, K 1014, Denmark
| | - T S H Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 F, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, K 1014, Denmark
| | - M P Rozing
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen, K 1014, Denmark
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Zhang J, Cao X, Li X, Li X, Hao M, Xia Y, Huang H, Jørgensen TSH, Agogo GO, Wang L, Zhang X, Gao X, Liu Z. Associations of Midlife Dietary Patterns with Incident Dementia and Brain Structure: Findings from the UK Biobank Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2023:S0002-9165(23)48900-9. [PMID: 37150507 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND At present, the results on the associations between dietary patterns and the risk of dementia are inconsistent, and studies on the associations between dietary patterns and brain structures are limited. OBJECTIVE We aimed to investigate the associations of midlife dietary patterns with incident dementia and brain structures. METHODS Based on the UK Biobank Study, we investigated the 1) prospective associations of four healthy dietary pattern indices (healthy plant-based diet index [hPDI], Mediterranean diet score [MDS], Recommended food score [RFS], and Mediterranean-Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Intervention [DASH] Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay Diet [MIND]) with incident dementia (identified using linked hospital data; N = 114,684; mean age, 56.8 years; 55.5% females) using Cox proportional-hazards regressions and the 2) cross-sectional associations of these dietary pattern indices with brain structures (estimated using magnetic resonance imaging; N = 18,214; mean age, 55.9 years; 53.1% females) using linear regressions. A series of covariates were adjusted, and several sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS A total of 481 (0.42%) participants developed dementia during the average 9.4-year follow-up. Although the associations were not statistically significant, all dietary patterns exerted protective effects against incident dementia (all hazard ratios < 1). Furthermore, higher dietary pattern indices were significantly associated with larger regional brain volumes, including volumes of gray matter in the parietal and temporal cortices and volumes of the hippocampus and thalamus. The main results were confirmed via sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Greater adherence to hPDI, MDS, RFS, and MIND was individually associated with larger brain volumes in specific regions. This study shows a comprehensive picture of the consistent associations of midlife dietary patterns with the risk of dementia and brain health, underscoring the potential benefits of a healthy diet in the prevention of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyun Zhang
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health and Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingqi Cao
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health and Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology, and Clinical Research Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Xueqin Li
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health and Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meng Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences and Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yang Xia
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China
| | - Huiqian Huang
- Clinical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, PO Box 2099, Copenhagen DK-1014, Denmark
| | - George O Agogo
- StatsDecide Analytics and Consulting Ltd, P.O.Box 17438-20100, Nakuru, Kenya
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Human Health and Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX 76711, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Zuyun Liu
- Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health and Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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Gronemann FH, Jacobsen RK, Wium-Andersen MK, Jørgensen MB, Osler M, Jørgensen TSH. Association of Familial Aggregation of Major Depression With Risk of Major Depression. JAMA Psychiatry 2023; 80:350-359. [PMID: 36753297 PMCID: PMC9909579 DOI: 10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.4965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Importance Major depression (MD) aggregates within families, but how family history of MD confers risk of MD over the life course is unclear. Such knowledge is important to identify and prevent possible depressogenic effects of family environment. Objective To examine the association between family MD history and risk of MD including association with age, sex, type of kinship, and age of the affected family member. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study included all Danish citizens born from 1960 to 2003 with known parental identity followed up from their 15th birthday until time of MD, censoring, or December 31, 2018. Analysis took place between April 2022 and December 2022. Exposures Family members with first-time MD using International Classification of Diseases, Eighth Revision codes 296.09, 296.29, 298.09, and 300.49 or 10th Revision codes F32.0-F33.9, family members' age at MD onset, and individuals' age at exposure to family MD. Main Outcomes and Measures Multivariable Poisson regression was applied to estimate the incidence rate ratio (IRR) with 95% CI of first-time MD. Results Of 2 903 430 individuals (1 486 574 [51.2%] men), 37 970 men (2.6%) and 70 223 women (5.0%) developed MD during follow-up. For men, exposure to maternal, paternal, or full sibling MD were associated with a 2-times higher risk of MD (IRR, 2.10 [95% CI, 2.02-2.19]; IRR, 2.04 [95% CI, 1.94-2.14]; IRR, 2.08 [95% CI, 1.97-2.19]) and the associated risk increased with number of affected family members. This pattern was similar for women. For men, family members' age at MD onset was not associated with MD. For women, maternal MD onset at 69 years or younger was associated with higher IRRs of MD (age <40 years: IRR, 1.64 [95% CI, 1.28-2.10]; age 40-49 years: IRR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.27-2.07]; age 50-59 years: IRR, 1.56 [95% CI, 1.22-2.00]; and age 60-69 years: IRR, 1.67 [95% CI, 1.28-2.16]) compared with women with maternal MD onset at 70 years or older. For men, exposure to maternal MD younger than 30 years (age <1 year: IRR, 1.95 [95% CI, 1.70-2.25]; age 1 to <12 years: IRR, 2.31 [95% CI, 2.16-2.47]; age 12 to <19 years: IRR, 2.18 [95% CI, 2.03-2.35]; age 19 to <30 years: IRR, 1.42 [95% CI, 1.32-1.53]) was associated with increased IRRs, while exposure to maternal MD at 30 years or older was associated with a lower IRR (0.77 [95% CI, 0.70-0.85]). The findings were similar across type of kinships and for women. Conclusions and Relevance In this study, risk of MD was associated with increased numbers of affected family members but did not vary by gender or type of kinship. Exposure to family MD during childhood and adolescence was associated with increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederikke Hørdam Gronemann
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Kart Jacobsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Kim Wium-Andersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jørgensen
- Mental Health Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Copenhagen University Hospital–Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Rozing MP, Wium-Andersen MK, Wium-Andersen IK, Jørgensen TSH, Jørgensen MB, Osler M. Use of hypnotic-sedative medication and risk of falls and fractures in Danish adults: a self-controlled case series study. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2022.12.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
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10
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Venborg E, Osler M, Jørgensen TSH. The association between postpartum depression and perimenopausal depression: A nationwide register-based cohort study. Maturitas 2023; 169:10-15. [PMID: 36621208 DOI: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of the study was to investigate whether postpartum depression is associated with a risk of depression during perimenopause. STUDY DESIGN This is a Danish nationwide register-based cohort study of 270,613 individuals who were born in 1960-1968, who gave birth to a liveborn child recorded in the Medical Birth Register before the age of 40, and who lived in Denmark when turning 47 years old. The association between postpartum depression and depression during perimenopause was analyzed using a Cox Proportional Hazards model adjusted for education level, marital status, and age at first delivery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Depression during perimenopause was identified by a diagnosis of depression during nine years of follow-up registered in the Danish National Patient Registry. RESULTS A total of 7694 (2.9 %) study participants were diagnosed with depression during perimenopause. Postpartum depression was associated with 12.82 [95 % confidence interval (CI): 8.93;18.41] times higher hazard of depression during perimenopause, while depression prior to study baseline was associated with 11.91 [95 % CI: 11.14;12.73] times higher hazard compared with individuals with no history of depression. There was no difference in the association between postpartum depression and depression prior to study baseline for depression during perimenopause. CONCLUSION Prior depression, no matter the timing, is associated with markedly higher risk of depression during perimenopause. Thus, individuals who have experienced postpartum depression do not experience a greater risk of depression during perimenopause compared with individuals who have experienced depression unrelated to periods of hormonal changes during their fertile life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Venborg
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Merete Osler
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark; Center of Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Ndr. Fasanvej 57, 1st floor, building 14, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark; Center of Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Ndr. Fasanvej 57, 1st floor, building 14, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
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11
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Cao X, Yang G, Li X, Fu J, Mohedaner M, Danzengzhuoga, Høj Jørgensen TS, Agogo GO, Wang L, Zhang X, Zhang T, Han L, Gao X, Liu Z. Weight change across adulthood and accelerated biological aging in middle-aged and older adults. Am J Clin Nutr 2023; 117:1-11. [PMID: 36789928 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known regarding the association between weight change and accelerated aging. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to estimate the influence of weight change across adulthood on biological aging acceleration in middle-aged and older adults in the United States. METHODS We used data of 5553 adults (40-84 y) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2010. Weight change patterns (i.e., stable normal, maximal overweight, obese to nonobese, nonobese to obese, and stable obese) and absolute weight change groups across adulthood (i.e., from young to middle adulthood, young to late adulthood, and middle to late adulthood) were defined. A biological aging measure (i.e., phenotypic age acceleration [PhenoAgeAccel]) at late adulthood was calculated. Survey analysis procedures with the survey weights were performed. RESULTS Across adulthood, maximal overweight, nonobese to obese, and stable obesity were consistently associated with higher PhenoAgeAccel. For instance, from young to middle adulthood, compared with participants who had stable normal weight, participants experiencing maximal overweight, moving from the nonobese to obese, and maintaining obesity had 1.71 (standard error [SE], 0.21; P < 0.001), 3.62 (SE, 0.28; P < 0.001), and 6.61 (SE, 0.58; P < 0.001) higher PhenoAgeAccel values, respectively. From young to middle adulthood, relative to absolute weight loss or gain of <2.5 kg, weight loss of ≥2.5 kg was marginally associated with lower PhenoAgeAccel (P = 0.054), whereas an obese to nonobese pattern from middle to late adulthood was associated with higher PhenoAgeAccel (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Maximal overweight, nonobese to obese, and stable obesity across adulthood, as well as an obese to nonobese pattern from middle to late adulthood, were associated with accelerated biological aging. In contrast, weight loss from young to middle adulthood was associated with decelerated biological aging. The findings highlight the potential role of weight management across adulthood for aging. Monitoring weight fluctuation may help identify the population at high risk of accelerated aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingqi Cao
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Gan Yang
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xueqin Li
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinjing Fu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mayila Mohedaner
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Danzengzhuoga
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Liang Wang
- Department of Public Health, Robbins College of Human Health and Sciences, Baylor University, Waco, TX, USA
| | - Xuehong Zhang
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Shandong, China
| | - Liyuan Han
- Department of Global Health, Ningbo Institute of Life and Health Industry, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, China; Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zuyun Liu
- Center for Clinical Big Data and Analytics of the Second Affiliated Hospital and Department of Big Data in Health Science School of Public Health, The Key Laboratory of Intelligent Preventive Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China.
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12
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Høj Jørgensen TS, Osler M, Jorgensen MB, Jorgensen A. Mapping diagnostic trajectories from the first hospital diagnosis of a psychiatric disorder: a Danish nationwide cohort study using sequence analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2023; 10:12-20. [PMID: 36450298 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(22)00367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A key clinical problem in psychiatry is predicting the diagnostic future of patients presenting with psychopathology for the first time. The objective of this study was to establish a comprehensive map of subsequent diagnoses after a first psychiatric hospital diagnosis. METHODS Through the Danish National Patient Registry, we identified patients aged 18 years or older with an inpatient or outpatient psychiatric hospital contact and who had received one of the 20 most common first-time psychiatric diagnoses (defined at the ICD-10 two-cipher level, F00-F99) between Jan 1, 1995, and Dec 31, 2008. For each first-time diagnosis, the 20 most frequent subsequent psychiatric diagnoses (F00-F99), and death, occurring during 10 years of follow-up were identified as outcomes. To assess diagnostic stability, we used social sequence analyses, assigning a subsequent diagnosis to each state with a length of 6 months following each first-time diagnosis. The subsequent diagnosis was defined as the last diagnosis given within each 6-month period. We calculated the normalised entropy of each sequence to show the uncertainty of predicting the states in a given sequence. Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the risk of receiving a subsequent diagnosis (at the one-cipher level, F0-F9) after each first-time diagnosis. FINDINGS The cohort consisted of 184 949 adult patients (77 129 [41·7%] men and 107 820 [58·3%] women, mean age 42·5 years [SD 18·5; range 18 to >100). Ethnicity data were not recorded. Over 10 years of follow-up, 86 804 (46·9%) patients had at least one subsequent diagnosis that differed from their first-time diagnosis. Measured by mean normalised entropy values, persistent delusional disorders (ICD-10 code F22), mental and behavioural disorders due to multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances (F19), and acute and transient psychotic disorders (F23) had the highest diagnostic variability, whereas eating disorders (F50) and non-organic sexual dysfunction (F52) had the lowest. The risk of receiving a subsequent diagnosis with a psychiatric disorder from an ICD-10 group different from that of the first-time diagnosis varied substantially among first-time diagnoses. INTERPRETATION These data provide detailed information on possible diagnostic outcomes after a first-time presentation in a psychiatric hospital. This information could help clinicians to plan relevant follow-up and inform patients and families on the degree of diagnostic uncertainty associated with receiving a first psychiatric hospital diagnosis, as well as likely and unlikely trajectories of diagnostic progression. FUNDING Mental Health Services, Capital region of Denmark. TRANSLATION For the Danish translation of the abstract see Supplementary Materials section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Merete Osler
- Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jorgensen
- Department of Public Health, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Jorgensen
- Department of Public Health, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Srivarathan A, Jørgensen TSH, Lund R, Nygaard SS, Kristiansen M. 'They are breaking us into pieces': A longitudinal multi-method study on urban regeneration and place-based social relations among social housing residents in Denmark. Health Place 2023; 79:102965. [PMID: 36608586 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.102965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Urban regeneration often intends to improve the physical, economic, and social environment of disadvantaged neighborhoods. However, evidence on the consequences of such interventions on place-based social relations is limited in Scandinavia. This study investigates the relationship between urban regeneration and diverse forms of place-based social relations among middle-aged and older social housing residents in Denmark. A longitudinal multi-method design was applied using data from administrative registers and semi-structured individual interviews. The quantitative results showed small changes in household-restricted place-based social relations, whereas participants in the qualitative sample described the disruption of place-based social relations to negatively affect their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Srivarathan
- Section for Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark.
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark; Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Siv Steffen Nygaard
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Maria Kristiansen
- Section for Health Services Research, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, DK-1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, DK-2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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14
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Nygaard SS, Høj Jørgensen TS, Srivarathan A, Brønnum-Hansen H, Kivikoski C, Kristiansen M, Lund R. Association Between Urban Regeneration and Healthcare-Seeking Behavior of Affected Residents: A Natural Experiment in two Multi-Ethnic Deprived Housing Areas in Denmark. Int J Health Serv 2022:207314221126283. [PMID: 36121903 DOI: 10.1177/00207314221126283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Area regeneration of deprived neighborhoods is being used to reduce health inequality, socioeconomic deprivation and ethnic segregation. This quasi-experimental study examines if long-term graded exposure to urban regeneration is associated with primary healthcare-seeking behavior among residents. We compared general practitioner (GP) contacts from 2015-2020 in two adjacent, deprived social housing areas, one exposed to area regeneration. Populations were into Western and non-Western males and females aged 15 years and older (N = 3,960). Mean annual GP contact frequency for each group were estimated and a difference-in-difference (DiD) analysis was conducted with adjustments for propensity scores based on baseline characteristics. GP contact frequency increased for all groups across time with a systematically higher level and faster increase in the control groups. In particular, the mean difference between the exposed and control area for non-Western women more than doubled from -0.61 to -1.47 annual contacts across the period. The mean differences in contact frequency increased for all groups but results of the DiD analyses were insignificant. In conclusion, an emerging gap in GP contact frequency, with the highest levels in the control area, was observed for all comparisons across time. More long-term research is needed to understand how the emerging gaps evolve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siv Steffen Nygaard
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abirami Srivarathan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Brønnum-Hansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Kivikoski
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Kristiansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, Section for Health Services Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wium-Andersen IK, Jørgensen TSH, Jørgensen MB, Osler M, Wium-Andersen MK. Diabetes, sleep disorders and risk of depression - A Danish register-based cohort study. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108266. [PMID: 35932548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We examined the influence of comorbid sleep disorder on the association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and risk of incident depression. METHODS The study population (N = 232,489) was based on all individuals registered aged ≥40 years with a T2D diagnosis between January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2012 in the Danish National Diabetes Register and a matched reference population. The risk of incident depression (diagnosis or anti-depressant medication) following T2D and possible effect modification of comorbid sleep disorder was estimated using adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression. Sleep disorder was defined as a diagnosis of insomnia, hypersomnia or sleep-wake schedule disorders or use of sleep medication (z-drugs or melatonin) in the Danish National Patient Registry or the Danish National Prescription Registry. RESULTS At study entry, 15.3 % of the participants had a sleep disorder. During follow-up, 2.6 % were diagnosed with depression and 32.1 % received antidepressant medication. The unadjusted hazard ratio (HR) for depression was 1.54 (95%CI 1.52-1.56) for patients with diabetes, which attenuated to 1.50 (1.48-1.52) after adjustment for sleep disorders, which further attenuated to 1.27 (1.26-1.29) in the model further adjusted for psychiatric and somatic comorbidities. The analyses of T2D and sleep disorder as independent and combined variables compared with none of the conditions on risk of depression, showed a HR of 1.27 (95 % CI 1.19-1.35) for T2D without sleep disorder, 1.46 (95 % CI 1.33-1.59) for sleep disorders without T2D, and 1.49 (95%CI 1.37-1.63) for both conditions. CONCLUSIONS T2D and sleep disorders were independently associated with subsequent risk of depression and individuals with both conditions experienced the greatest relative risk. Sleep disorders neither explained nor amplified the relation between diabetes and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farigmagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | | | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farigmagsgade 5, 1014 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Marie Kim Wium-Andersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Srivarathan A, Kristiansen M, Jørgensen TSH, Lund R. The association between social integration and neighborhood dissatisfaction and unsafety: a cross-sectional survey study among social housing residents in Denmark. Arch Public Health 2022; 80:190. [PMID: 35962422 PMCID: PMC9373542 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-022-00945-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Social integration and perceived neighborhood environment are recognized as important social determinants of health. However, little is known about the association between social integration and perceived neighborhood environment among underrepresented population groups, such as residents in disadvantaged neighborhoods, in public health research. The aim of this study is to: 1) Describe the levels of social integration and 2) Investigate the association between social integration and neighborhood dissatisfaction and unsafety among middle-aged and older social housing residents. Methods A multilingual face-to-face interviewer-administrated survey questionnaire was conducted among 206 residents aged 45 years and above (response rate: 34.1%) of various nationalities in disadvantaged socioeconomic positions in a social housing area in Denmark. The assessment of social integration was based on cohabitation status, frequency of face-to-face and non-face-to-face interaction with social relations and participation in local association activities. Neighborhood dissatisfaction measured the level of dissatisfaction with the neighborhood, and neighborhood unsafety assessed the level of unsafety being outdoors in the neighborhood. Descriptive statistics were conducted to illustrate respondent characteristics and the distribution of social integration among the study population. Logistic regression models were applied to analyze associations between social integration and neighborhood dissatisfaction and unsafety, adjusted for age, sex, country of origin, educational attainment and employment status. Results In total, 23.8% of the respondents reported low levels of social integration. A medium level of social integration was associated with higher odds of neighborhood dissatisfaction (OR: 2.36; 95% CI: 1.04–5.38) compared to the highest level of integration. A low frequency of face-to-face interaction was associated with higher odds of neighborhood dissatisfaction (OR: 2.65; 95% CI: 1.16–6.06) and neighborhood unsafety (OR: 2.41; 95% CI: 1.04–5.57) compared to the highest frequency of face-to-face interaction. Conclusions Almost one-fourth of respondents reported low levels of social integration. A medium level of social integration was associated with neighborhood dissatisfaction. A low frequency of face-to-face interaction was associated with neighborhood dissatisfaction and unsafety. The results suggest that targeted health promotion interventions designed to foster face-to-face interaction, hold potential to reduce neighborhood dissatisfaction and unsafety among residents in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13690-022-00945-9.
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Jørgensen TSH, Meyer AC, Hedström M, Fors S, Modig K. The importance of close next of kin for independent living and readmissions among older Swedish hip fracture patients. Health Soc Care Community 2022; 30:e727-e738. [PMID: 34032333 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the importance of adult children and/or cohabitation with a partner for older hip fracture patients' probability of independent living, public home care use and hospital readmission. Data from 35,066 Swedish hip fracture patients between 2012 and 2017, aged 65 years, and living at home at the time of the fracture in the Swedish Registry for Hip Fracture Patients and Treatment were linked with national registers. We applied adjusted logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazard models. In total, 959 (4.0%) women and 817 (7.3%) men had no adult children, 13,384 (56.0%) women and 3,623 (32.5%) men had no cohabiting partner and 2,780 (11.6%) women and 1,389 (12.5%) men neither had a cohabiting partner nor adult children. In comparison with women and men who had both a cohabiting partner and adult children, those without a cohabiting partner (i.e. only adult children) and those who neither had a cohabiting partner nor adult children had significantly lower probabilities of returning home (at discharge and after 4 months). They also had a greater probability of both receiving home care and having an increase in the amount of home care they receive. Having a close next of kin and hospital readmission were not associated. In conclusion, absence of a close next of kin, specifically a cohabiting partner, reduces the chance of return to independent living and increases the use of home care after a hip fracture hospitalisation. The findings highlight the importance of family support for older adults living situation after a hip fracture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna C Meyer
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margareta Hedström
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology (CLINTEC), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Orthopaedics, Karolinska Hospital Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Stefan Fors
- Aging Research Centre, Karolinska Institutet/Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Epidemiology and Community Medicine, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karin Modig
- Unit of Epidemiology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Wium-Andersen MK, Jørgensen TSH, Jørgensen MB, Rungby J, Hjorthøj C, Sørensen HJ, Osler M. The association between birth weight, ponderal index, psychotropic medication, and type 2 diabetes in individuals with severe mental illness. J Diabetes Complications 2022; 36:108181. [PMID: 35346563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impaired fetal growth may increase vulnerability towards metabolic disturbances associated with some medications. We examined whether birth weight and ponderal index modify the association between psychotropic medication and type 2 diabetes among young adults with severe psychiatric diagnosis. METHODS A total of 36,957 individuals born in Denmark between 1973 and 1983 with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or depression were followed from first diagnosis until 2018. Cox proportional hazard models were applied to analyse risk of type 2 diabetes with use of psychotropic medications and interactions between psychotropic medication and birth weight and ponderal index, respectively. RESULTS During follow-up, 1575 (4.2%) individuals received a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. Use of antipsychotic, mood stabilizing and antidepressant medications were associated with higher hazard ratios (HRs) of type 2 diabetes (HRantipsychotics 1.68 [95%CI 1.49-1.90]; HRmood stabilizing medication 1.41 [95%CI 1.25-1.59]; HRantidepressants 2.00 [95%CI 1.68-2.37]), as were a birth weight below 2500 g (HR 1.13 [95%CI 1.01-1.28]), and high ponderal index (HR 1.26 [95%CI 1.11-1.43]). The highest rates of type 2 diabetes for each psychotropic medication category were found in medication users with low birth weight or high ponderal index. However, neither birth weight nor ponderal index significantly modified the association between psychotropic medication and diabetes risk. CONCLUSION Psychotropic medication use, birth weight, and ponderal index were risk factors for type 2 diabetes in patients with severe mental illness, but neither birth weight nor ponderal index modified the association between psychotropic medication and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jørgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Rungby
- Department of Endocrinology and Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Carsten Hjorthøj
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holger J Sørensen
- Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health-CORE, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Mikkelsen ASB, Lund R, Siersma V, Jørgensen TSH, Christensen U, Kristiansen M. Social relations and contact with general practitioner in a middle-aged Danish population: a prospective register- and survey-based cohort study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:481. [PMID: 35410245 PMCID: PMC9004143 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07658-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Findings about the relationship between individuals’ social relations and general practitioner (GP) contact are ambiguous as to whether weak social relations are associated with an increased or decreased consultation pattern. Furthermore, social relations may affect GP contact differently for men compared to women, between socioeconomic groups and according to perceived need. The overall aim of the study is to examine the association between functional aspects of social relations, perceived emotional and instrumental social support, the tendency to consult a GP and the frequency of GP contact. Methods The study comprised 6911 individuals aged 49–61 at baseline from the Copenhagen Aging and Midlife Biobank (CAMB). We conducted a two-part regression to explore the association between perceived emotional and instrumental social support and GP contact (tendency and frequency), controlling for age, sex, occupational social class, cohabitation status and number of morbidities. Results Results show no overall effect of the perceived social support aspects of social relations on GP contact independent of health-related needs. Conclusions Our results do not support that perceived social support, reflecting functional aspects of social relations, are associated with general practitioner contact among middle-aged people. Trial registration The study has been registered and approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency and the local ethical committee (approval No.H-A-2008-126 and No. 2013-41-1814).Keywords: social relations, perceived social support, healthcare utilisation, general practitioner, middle-aged
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Sophie Bech Mikkelsen
- Department of Public Health & Center for Healthy Aging, Section of Health Services Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Rikke Lund
- Department of Public Health & Center for Healthy Aging, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- Department of Public Health, The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Section of Social Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulla Christensen
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Section of Social Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Kristiansen
- Department of Public Health & Center for Healthy Aging, Section of Health Services Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jørgensen TSH, Allore H, Elman MR, Nagel C, Quiñones AR. The importance of chronic conditions for potentially avoidable hospitalizations among non-Hispanic Black and non-Hispanic White older adults in the US: a cross-sectional observational study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:468. [PMID: 35397539 PMCID: PMC8994911 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07849-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Non-Hispanic (NH) Black older adults experience substantially higher rates of potentially avoidable hospitalization compared to NH White older adults. This study explores the top three chronic conditions preceding hospitalization and potentially avoidable hospitalization among NH White and NH Black Medicare beneficiaries in the United States. Methods Data on 4993 individuals (4,420 NH White and 573 NH Black individuals) aged ≥ 65 years from 2014 Medicare claims were linked with sociodemographic data from previous rounds of the Health and Retirement Study. Conditional inference random forests were used to rank the importance of chronic conditions in predicting hospitalization and potentially avoidable hospitalization separately for NH White and NH Black beneficiaries. Multivariable logistic regression with the top three chronic diseases for each outcome adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics were conducted to quantify the associations. Results In total, 22.1% of NH White and 24.9% of NH Black beneficiaries had at least one hospitalization during 2014. Among those with hospitalization, 21.3% of NH White and 29.6% of NH Black beneficiaries experienced at least one potentially avoidable hospitalization. For hospitalizations, chronic kidney disease, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation were the top three contributors among NH White beneficiaries and acute myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and chronic kidney disease were the top three contributors among NH Black beneficiaries. These chronic conditions were associated with increased odds of hospitalization for both groups. For potentially avoidable hospitalizations, asthma, COPD, and heart failure were the top three contributors among NH White beneficiaries and fibromyalgia/chronic pain/fatigue, COPD, and asthma were the top three contributors among NH Black beneficiaries. COPD and heart failure were associated with increased odds of potentially avoidable hospitalization among NH White beneficiaries, whereas only COPD was associated with increased odds of potentially avoidable hospitalizations among NH Black beneficiaries. Conclusion Having at least one hospitalization and at least one potentially avoidable hospitalization was more prevalent among NH Black than NH White Medicare beneficiaries. This suggests greater opportunity for increasing prevention efforts among NH Black beneficiaries. The importance of COPD for potentially avoidable hospitalizations further highlights the need to focus on prevention of exacerbations for patients with COPD, possibly through greater access to primary care and continuity of care. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-07849-y.
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Larsen EN, Sloth MM, Osler M, Wium-Andersen IK, Jørgensen TSH. Depression in adulthood and risk of dementia later in life: A Danish register-based cohort study of 595,828 men. J Affect Disord 2022; 302:25-32. [PMID: 35066008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between depression and dementia could express a causal relationship, reverse causality or be explained by health-related factors. This study explores the association of depression and indicators of depression severity with subsequent risk of dementia while ensuring temporality and adjusting for important health-related factors. METHOD 595,828 men from the Danish Conscription Database born in 1939-59 with register-based information on lifetime depression and covariates at age 55 years were followed in nationwide registers to identify dementia cases until 2016. Associations were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard regression models with adjustment for intelligence, education level, body mass index, and comorbidities. RESULTS The dementia incidence per 1000 person-years was 1.2 cases for men without prior depression and 2.1 and 3.6 cases for men who had depression identified by antidepressants and hospitalization, respectively. Compared to no prior depression, depression identified by antidepressant medication was associated with 1.94 times [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.81;2.07] higher hazard of dementia and depression identified by hospitalization with depression was associated with 2.18 [95% CI: 1.95;2.45] higher hazard of dementia. Long-term course of depression identified by antidepressant prescriptions (>20 prescriptions), was associated with 40% 95% CI: 1.23;1.59 higher hazard of dementia compared to having ≤10 prescriptions. LIMITATIONS This study is restricted to men and dementia cases until age 57-77 years. CONCLUSION Men with depression before late midlife are subject to a higher risk of dementia later in life. Clinicians should be aware of dementia symptoms in patients with a long history of depression to initiate early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Neble Larsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark.
| | - Mathilde Marie Sloth
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Kim Wium-Andersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark; Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, department O, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark; Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Cao Y, Allore H, Gutman R, Vander Wyk B, Jørgensen TSH. Risk Factors of Skilled Nursing Facility Admissions and the Interrelation With Hospitalization and Amount of Informal Caregiving Received. Med Care 2022; 60:294-301. [PMID: 35149662 PMCID: PMC8916995 DOI: 10.1097/mlr.0000000000001697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The correlations between skilled nursing facility (SNF) admissions, number of hospitalizations, and informal caregiving hours received after adjusting for physical and cognitive function and sociodemographic covariates are not well understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to better understand risk factors for SNF admissions and the interrelation with hospitalizations and amount of informal caregiving received, this study applied a novel joint modeling analysis to simultaneously explore the correlation and shared information between the 3 outcomes. RESEARCH DESIGN This was an observational follow-up study. SUBJECTS Data from 4836 older Americans included in the 2011-2015 rounds of the National Health and Aging Trends Study were linked with Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. MEASURES We jointly modeled SNF admission, hospital admissions, and informal caregiving hours received while accounting for possible risk factors. We addressed missing values by multiple imputation with chained equations. RESULTS SNF admission evidenced a strong positive correlation with hospital admission, and SNF admission evidenced a weak positive correlation with the informal caregiving hours received after adjustment for important risk factors. Non-Hispanic White race/ethnicity, living alone, not being Medicaid eligible, Alzheimer disease and related dementias diagnosis, activities of daily living disabilities, and frailty were associated with increased risk of SNF admissions and any/number of hospital admission. Lower educational level was also associated with the latter. Medicaid eligibility was the only factor not associated with any nor numbers of informal caregiving hours received. CONCLUSIONS Sociodemographic and health factors were important for predicting SNF admissions. After adjustment for important risk factors, SNF evidenced a strong positive correlation with the number of hospitalizations and a weak positive correlation with the hours of informal caregiving received.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Cao
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Heather Allore
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT.,USA
| | - Roee Gutman
- Department of Biostatistics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Brent Vander Wyk
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Osler M, Okholm GT, Villumsen M, Rozing MP, Jørgensen TSH. Associations of Young Adult Intelligence, Education, Height, and Body Mass Index with Subsequent Risk of Parkinson's Disease and Survival: A Danish Cohort Study. J Parkinsons Dis 2022; 12:1035-1043. [PMID: 35147551 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-213102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The underlying disease mechanisms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are still unknown and knowledge about risk and prognostic factors is sparse. OBJECTIVE To examine the association between intelligence, education, body height, and body mass index (BMI) in young adulthood and risk of PD and subsequent survival. METHODS In total, 656,751 men born 1939-1959 with information from conscription examinations around age 19 years were followed for PD and mortality from 1977-2018 in Danish registries. Cox proportional hazard regression was used to conduct the analyses. RESULTS During follow-up, 5,264 (0.8%) men were diagnosed with PD. Higher intelligence, education, and body height conferred a higher hazard of PD, independent of age at disease onset. BMI above compared to below the mean (22.8 kg/m2) was associated with slightly higher hazard of late-onset PD (>60 years). During follow-up, 2,125 (40.5%) men with PD died, corresponding to a 2.55 (95% confidence interval:2.44-2.66) times higher mortality compared to men without PD. Intelligence was inversely associated with mortality in men with and without PD. Higher education and body height were also inversely associated with mortality in men without PD, whereas the estimates were less pronounced and imprecisely estimated for men with PD. Having an obese BMI was associated with higher mortality in men with PD. CONCLUSION Intelligence, education, and body height in young adulthood are positively associated with risk of PD later in life among men. BMI above the mean only confer a higher risk for late-onset PD. For men diagnosed with PD, high intelligence is the only early life indicator associated with better survival, whereas obese BMI predicts poorer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Tidemann Okholm
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Marie Villumsen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maarten Pieter Rozing
- Department of Public Health, The Research Unit for General Practice and Sectionof General Practice, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Section of SocialMedicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Holm E, Jacobsen KK, Lony TB, Lembeck M, Pedersen H, Andersson C, Johannsen P, Jørgensen TSH, Torp‐Pedersen C. Frequency of missed or delayed diagnosis in dementia is associated with neighborhood socioeconomic status. A&D Transl Res & Clin Interv 2022; 8:e12271. [PMID: 35356741 PMCID: PMC8943602 DOI: 10.1002/trc2.12271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Underdetection of dementia in areas with low socioeconomic status (SES) may interfere with findings concerning associations between SES and dementia. Methods Using administrative registers we assessed the associations between age‐ and sex‐adjusted dementia incidence and neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) in 94 Danish municipalities. Wealth was divided into income quartiles and other nSES variables were dichotomized into high versus low according to the median. Results High population density (odds ratio [OR] 1.21, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18–1.24), higher proportion of inhabitants in higher income quartiles (P for trend < .0001), and high educational level (OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.15–1.22) were associated with higher incidence of dementia. High proportion of residents above 65 years was associated with lower age‐adjusted dementia incidence (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.84–0.89). Discussion Low nSES municipalities have a lower age‐adjusted incidence of dementia diagnosis. These findings corroborate prior concerns that a large number of dementia diagnoses may be missed in municipalities characterized by low SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen Holm
- Department of Internal Medicine University Hospital Zealand Køge Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Katja Kemp Jacobsen
- Department of Technology Faculty of Health and Technology University College Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Thea Bang Lony
- Geriatric Section Department of Internal Medicine Nykøbing Falster Hospital Nykøbing Falster Denmark
| | - Maurice Lembeck
- Geriatric Section Department of Internal Medicine Nykøbing Falster Hospital Nykøbing Falster Denmark
| | - Hanne Pedersen
- Geriatric Section Department of Internal Medicine in Glostrup Amager Hvidovre Hospital Glostrup Denmark
| | - Charlotte Andersson
- Department of Medicine Section of Cardiovascular Medicine Boston University Medical Center Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Peter Johannsen
- International Medical Vice President, Medical & Science Clinical Drug Development Novo Nordisk Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Christian Torp‐Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Research Nordsjaellands Hospital Hillerød Denmark
- Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
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Osler M, Rozing MP, Wium-Andersen IK, Wium-Andersen MK, Dantoft TM, Fink P, Jørgensen MB, Jørgensen TSH. Use of register- and survey-based measures of anxiety in a population-based Danish cohort. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2021; 144:501-509. [PMID: 34139021 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We explored the comparability of anxiety measures from register- and survey-based data including analyses of prevalence and associations with selected psychiatric and somatic diseases. METHODS We measured anxiety using Danish registers (hospital diagnosis and anxiolytic drug prescriptions), self-reports, symptom checklist (SCL) scores, and a clinical interview in 7493 adults with mean age 52 (SD 13.3) years who participated in a health survey between 2012 and 2015. We estimated the prevalence of anxiety, agreement between different measures and performed quantitative bias analysis. RESULTS The lifetime prevalence of hospital diagnosed anxiety, anxiolytic drug prescriptions, and self-reported anxiety were 4.4%, 6.2%, and 5.1%, respectively, after adjusting for selective participation. The agreement between the different anxiety measures was low. Thus, 25% with an anxiety diagnosis and 20% with anxiolytic drug prescriptions also had a high SCL score. Anxiolytic drugs were the only measure significantly associated with higher odds of heart disease. Hospital diagnosis and self-reported anxiety were associated with depression with odds ratio (OR) above 15, whereas anxiolytic drug prescriptions were less strongly associated (OR = 2.2(95% confidence interval: 1.26-3.91)). The risk estimates attenuated considerably when correcting for measurement error, whereas the ORs became slightly higher when the selective participation in the survey was accounted for. CONCLUSION Anxiety diagnosed in hospitals and self-reported anxiety showed low level of agreement but provide comparable results regarding frequency measures and associations with disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maarten Pieter Rozing
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ida Kim Wium-Andersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Kim Wium-Andersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Meinertz Dantoft
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Fink
- The Research Clinic for Functional Disorders and Psychosomatics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jørgensen
- Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Wium-Andersen MK, Wium-Andersen IK, Jørgensen TSH, Jørgensen MB, Osler M. An analysis of the relative and absolute incidence of somatic morbidity in patients with affective disorders-A nationwide cohort study. J Affect Disord 2021; 292:204-211. [PMID: 34130184 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with affective disorder seem to experience higher risks of several somatic diseases, but no studies have provided estimates of both absolute and relative risks for these diseases in the same population. METHODS A prospective cohort of all patients age ≥18 years old with a hospital contact with affective disorder between 1997-2014 (n=246,282) and a random sample from the background population (n=167,562) was followed for hospitalizations with cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancers, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, hip fracture, psoriasis, migraine, or dementia. Adjusted absolute and relative risk estimates were calculated using multivariable adjusted Aalen's additive and Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS After adjustments, the absolute risk difference was 130.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] 125.5-135.7) additional cases per 10,000 person-years among affective disorder patients compared to the reference population. The corresponding hazard ratio for any somatic disease was 1.50 (95% CI 1.48-1.52). The strongest associations were found for dementia, hip fracture, COPD, and stroke on both the relative and absolute scale. The patients did not have higher risk of cancers except for lung cancer and brain tumors. Risk estimates tended to be slightly higher for individuals with depression or other affective disorder compared to bipolar disorder. LIMITATIONS Limitations include use of register-based data, risk of reverse causation and Berkson's bias. CONCLUSIONS Patients with affective disorder have both higher absolute and relative risk of most somatic diseases except for cancers. Further identification of the shared mechanisms will facilitate the development of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Kim Wium-Andersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark.
| | - Ida Kim Wium-Andersen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Dept. O, Rigshospitalet, Edel Sauntes Allé 10, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jørgensen
- Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Dept. O, Rigshospitalet, Edel Sauntes Allé 10, Copenhagen Ø 2100, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000 Frederiksberg, Denmark; Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Copenhagen K 1014, Denmark
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Okholm GT, Jørgensen TSH, Rozing MP, Wium-Andersen MK, Wium-Andersen IK, Jørgensen MB, Sørensen TIA, Osler M. Body mass index and height in young adult men in relation to subsequent risk of mood disorder. Eur J Epidemiol 2021; 36:1065-1074. [PMID: 34247338 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-021-00783-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence represents an important period in brain and mental development, which raises the question of whether measures of body size at entry into adult life influence the risk of developing mood disorders. We examined the association of BMI and height in a cohort of young men with risk of mood disorders throughout life. The study included 630,807 Danish men born 1939-1959 and 1983-1997 with measures of height and weight at conscription board examinations. Psychiatrist's diagnosis of mood disorders was obtained from national patient registries from 1969 to 2016. The associations of BMI and height with mood disorders were estimated by Cox proportional hazard regression analyses adjusting for education, cognitive ability, migration status drug and alcohol misuse. During a mean follow-up of 26.3 years, 2,608 (0.6%) and 19,690 (3.1%) men were diagnosed with bipolar disorder and depression, respectively. We found an inverse linear association of BMI with risk of bipolar disorder, whereas the association of BMI with depression was curve-linear with a decline in risk until BMI around 25 kg/m2, and an almost constant risk across the BMI range above 25 kg/m2. Height was not associated with bipolar disorder or depression. Comparison of brothers, assumed to share family factors of possible influence on the risk of mood disorders, showed similar results although with wider confidence intervals. BMI in the lower range at men's entry into adulthood is inversely associated with risk of bipolar disorder and depression throughout adult life, whereas height is not related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunhild Tidemann Okholm
- Section of Environmental Health, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Maarten Pieter Rozing
- Dept. O, Rigshospital, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Edel Sauntes Allé 10, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.,The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Marie Kim Wium-Andersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Ida Kim Wium-Andersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.,Dept. O, Rigshospital, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Edel Sauntes Allé 10, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jørgensen
- Dept. O, Rigshospital, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Edel Sauntes Allé 10, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, TIAS), Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospitals, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark. .,Section of Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, TIAS), Øster Farimagsgade 5, 1014, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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28
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Osler M, Okholm GT, Sørensen TIA, Jørgensen TSH. Body mass index in young adulthood and risk of subsequent dementia at different levels of intelligence and education in Danish men. Eur J Epidemiol 2020; 35:843-850. [PMID: 32728913 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-020-00665-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The risk of dementia seems to be established already early in life, which leads to the question if overweight early in life is an important risk factor for dementia as it appears to be later in life. We examined the association between body mass index (BMI) at entry to adult life and subsequent risk of dementia in men and assessed whether the relationship differed by levels of intelligence and education. The study population consisted of 377,598 Danish men born 1939-1959 with measures of height, weight, intelligence test score (ITS), and educational level (EL) at conscript board examinations around the age of 19 years. Dementia outcomes were obtained from National Patient and Prescription Registries between 1969 and 2016. The association between BMI and dementia was analysed using Cox proportional hazard regression including interactions between BMI and ITS and EL, respectively. During the follow-up through age 77 years, 6144 (1.6%) developed dementia. The frequency was highest in men with lowest BMI, lowest ITS and lowest EL. Young adult BMI below the mean of 21.8 kg/m2 was inversely associated with subsequent dementia, whereas there was no association with higher levels of BMI. Adjustment for young adult ITS and EL attenuated the risk estimates slightly, and interaction analyses showed that the shape of the association between BMI and dementia was unaffected by the levels of ITS and EL. Regardless of levels of ITS and EL, young adult BMI below the mean is inversely associated with subsequent dementia, whereas there is no association with higher levels of BMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark.
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Gunhild Tidemann Okholm
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Nordre Fasanvej 57, 2000, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
Background. The mechanisms linking cardiovascular disease (CVD) and depression are still not established. We investigated the impact of mental vulnerability on the relationship between CVD and depression. Methods. A total of 19,856 individuals from five cohorts of random samples of the background population in Copenhagen were followed from baseline (1983–2011) until 2017 in Danish registries. Additive hazard and Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the effects of confounding by mental vulnerability as well as interactions between mental vulnerability and CVD on the risk of depression. Results. During follow-up, 15.3% developed CVD, while 18.1% experienced depression. A strong positive association between CVD and depression (hazard ratio: 3.60 [95% confidence intervals (CI): 3.30; 3.92]) corresponding to 35.4 (95% CI: 31.7; 39.1) additional cases per 1,000 person-years was only slightly attenuated after adjustment for mental vulnerability in addition to other confounders. Synergistic interaction between CVD and mental vulnerability was identified in the additive hazard model. Due to interaction between CVD and mental vulnerability, CVD was associated with 50.9 more cases of depression per 1,000 person-years among individuals with high mental vulnerability compared with individuals with low mental vulnerability. Conclusions. Mental vulnerability did not explain the strong relationship between CVD and depression. CVD was associated with additional cases of depression among individuals with higher mental vulnerability indicating that this group holds the greatest potential for intervention, for example, in rehabilitation settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Marie Kim Wium-Andersen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Balslev Jørgensen
- Department O, Psychiatric Center Copenhagen, and Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Epidemiology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Jørgensen TSH, Okholm GT, Christensen K, Sørensen TI, Osler M. Body height in young adult men and risk of dementia later in adult life. eLife 2020; 9:51168. [PMID: 32041683 PMCID: PMC7012597 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined the relationship between body height and dementia and explored the impact of intelligence level, educational attainment, early life environment and familial factors. A total of 666,333 men, 70,608 brothers, and 7388 twin brothers born 1939-1959 and examined at the conscript board were followed in Danish nationwide registers (1969-2016). Cox regression models were applied to analyze the association between body height and dementia. Within-brothers and within-twin pair analyses were conducted to explore the role of shared familial factors including partly shared genetics. In total, 10,599 men were diagnosed with dementia. The association between one z-score difference in body height and dementia (HR: 0.90, 95% CI: 0.89;0.90) was inverse and weakened slightly after adjustment for intelligence test scores and educational level. The associations persisted in within-brother analysis and revealed a stronger, but less precise, point estimate than the cohort analysis of brothers. The twin analysis showed similar, but imprecise estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Tidemann Okholm
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thorkild Ia Sørensen
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merere Osler
- Center for Clinical Research and Prevention, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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31
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Jørgensen TSH, Allore H, Elman MR, Nagel C, Zhang M, Markwardt S, Quiñones AR. Annual Wellness Visits and Influenza Vaccinations among Older Adults in the US. J Prim Care Community Health 2020; 11:2150132720962870. [PMID: 33016194 PMCID: PMC7536477 DOI: 10.1177/2150132720962870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Investigate whether combinations of sociodemographic factors, chronic conditions, and other health indicators pose barriers for older adults to access Annual Wellness Visits (AWVs) and influenza vaccinations. METHODS Data on 4999 individuals aged ≥65 years from the 2012 wave of the Health and Retirement Study linked with Medicare claims were analyzed. Conditional Inference Tree (CIT) and Random Forest (CIRF) analyses identified the most important predictors of AWVs and influenza vaccinations. Multivariable logistic regression (MLR) was used to quantify the associations. RESULTS Two-year uptake was 22.8% for AWVs and 65.9% for influenza vaccinations. For AWVs, geographical region and wealth emerged as the most important predictors. For influenza vaccinations, number of somatic conditions, race/ethnicity, education, and wealth were the most important predictors. CONCLUSIONS The importance of geographic region for AWV utilization suggests that this service was unequally adopted. Non-Hispanic black participants and/or those with functional limitations were less likely to receive influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Heather Allore
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven,
CT, USA
| | - Miriam R. Elman
- Oregon Health & Science
University/Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Corey Nagel
- University of Arkansas for Medical
Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Sheila Markwardt
- Oregon Health & Science
University/Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
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Jørgensen TSH, Allore H, MacNeil Vroomen JL, Wyk BV, Agogo GO. Sociodemographic Factors and Characteristics of Caregivers as Determinants of Skilled Nursing Facility Admissions When Modeled Jointly With Functional Limitations. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2019; 20:1599-1604.e4. [PMID: 30902676 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2019.01.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined whether previously identified relationships between sociodemographic factors and caregivers for skilled nursing facility (SNF) admissions are replicated when jointly accounting for longitudinal change in functional limitations. We further explored the impact of caregivers by investigating the relationship between caregiver's characteristics and SNF admissions. DESIGN Longitudinal follow-up study. SETTING The United States of America. PARTICIPANTS In total, 3875 older Americans from the 2011-2015 rounds of the National Health and Aging Trends Study linked with Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services. MEASURES Sociodemographic factors and caregiver's characteristics were used to predict change in functional limitations from baseline and time to first SNF admission using a joint modeling approach. RESULTS In total, 11.3% of the study population had a SNF admission during follow-up. For sociodemographic factors, non-Hispanic white, <9th grade education, and having at least 1 caregiver were associated with higher hazards of SNF admission than other race/ethnicity, college or higher education, and no caregiver, respectively. In contrast, living with a partner or living with others was associated with lower hazard of SNF admissions. For characteristics of caregivers, medical-supportive caregiver was associated with increased hazard of SNF admissions, whereas partner caregiver was protective of SNF admissions. Jointly modeling SNF admissions and change in functional limitations resulted in greater precision of effect estimates than modeling these outcomes separately. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The study provides insight that can help identify high-risk populations for future interventions to prevent or delay SNF admissions. The relation between caregivers and SNF admissions depended on caregiver's characteristics. Future work should focus on providing help to those without a partner caregiver or needing help managing their health to ensure independent living and improve the well-being of older adults. Precision increased when jointly modeling the SNF admission with change in functional limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
| | - Heather Allore
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
| | - Janet L MacNeil Vroomen
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Brent Vander Wyk
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - George O Agogo
- Section of Geriatrics, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
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Jørgensen TSH, Siersma V, Lund R, Nilsson CJ. Mobility limitation as determinant of primary care use and ambulatory care sensitive conditions. Eur Geriatr Med 2019; 10:53-60. [PMID: 32720287 DOI: 10.1007/s41999-018-0149-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE First, to investigate associations between mobility limitations and use of general practitioners and hospitalizations of acute care sensitive conditions, respectively. Second, to investigate whether these associations vary by socio-demographic factors. METHODS The study included 3574 females and males aged 75 or 80 years from the Danish Intervention Study on Preventive Home Visits. Fixed-effects logistic and poisson regression models were applied to study the relationship between mobility limitations (measured two-four times) and general practitioner consultations and hospitalizations with acute care sensitive conditions each subsequent year, respectively. RESULTS Each additional mobility limitation was associated with 15% higher odds of general practitioner home consultation (Odds ratio 1.15, 95% CI 1.07;1.23) and 4% increased incidence rate of general practitioner consultations among those with ≥ 1 consultation (Incidence rate ratio 1.04, 95% CI 1.03;1.04). There were no associations between mobility limitations and whether older adults had at least one general practitioner consultation nor acute care sensitive condition hospitalization. Test of interactions (p < 0.03) showed that more mobility limitations were associated with greater incidence rate of general practitioner consultations among males compared to females, married compared to unmarried, and older adults with high compared to low financial assets. CONCLUSIONS Older adults with more mobility limitations had more often a general practitioner home consultation. Mobility limitations were not associated with whether older adults had at least one general practitioner consultation, but increased mobility limitations were associated with higher contact rate among those who had ≥ 1 consultation, especially among males and older adults who were married or had high financial assets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, PO Box 2099, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 1123, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, PO Box 2099, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 1123, Copenhagen K, Denmark
- Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, University of Aarhus and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Juul Nilsson
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, PO Box 2099, 1014, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 1123, Copenhagen K, Denmark
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Jørgensen TSH, Siersma V, Lund R, Nilsson CJ. Mortality Following Trajectories of Mobility Limitations: The Modifying Impact of Social Factors. J Aging Health 2018; 32:134-142. [PMID: 30442037 DOI: 10.1177/0898264318809787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Objective: How are trajectories of mobility limitations (MLs) among older adults associated with mortality? Do social factors modify these associations? Method: Group-based trajectory modeling was used to identify four trajectories of MLs over a period of 4.5 years among 3,055 older Danes. Mortality analyses were conducted using additive hazard regression models. Results: Compared to older adults without MLs, older adults with high level of MLs who experienced further increase in MLs were associated with the most additional deaths followed by older adults with no MLs at baseline who later experienced limitations and older adults with a medium ML level at baseline who later experienced further increase in limitations. Men and 80-year olds experienced more additional deaths following adverse ML trajectories than women and 75-year olds. Discussion: Trajectories that led to higher ML levels were associated with most additional deaths especially among men and in the oldest age group.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rikke Lund
- University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.,Aarhus University, Denmark
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35
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Jørgensen TSH, Nilsson CJ, Lund R, Siersma V, Fors S. Intergenerational relations and social mobility: Social inequality in physical function in old age. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 80:58-64. [PMID: 30368028 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The concept of social foreground describes how adult offspring's socioeconomic resources may influence older adults' health and several studies have shown an association between socioeconomic position of adult offspring and the health of their older parents. However, little is known about the factors that generate these associations. We study 1) how adult offspring's social class is associated with physical function (PF) among older adults, 2) whether geographical closeness and contact frequency with offspring modify the association, and 3) whether intergenerational social mobility of offspring is associated with PF of older adults. METHOD Data are obtained from the 2002 (n = 621) and 2011 (n = 931) waves of the Swedish Panel Study of Living Conditions of the Oldest Old. Multivariable linear regression models were employed and adjusted for own and partner's prior social class and offspring's age and gender. RESULTS Compared to offspring with non-manual occupation, offsprings with manual occupation was associated with poorer PF in older adults (-0.14, CI95%:-0.28;0.00). In stratified analyses, offspring's social class was only associated with older adults' PF among those who lived geographically close. Contact frequency between the offspring and the older adults did not modify the associations. Older adults whose offspring experienced downward intergenerational social mobility were associated with the poorest PF. CONCLUSION This study supports evidence of a relationship between social foreground and older adults' PF where geographical closeness and social mobility are important components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Sweden; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark.
| | - Charlotte Juul Nilsson
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 1123 Copenhagen K, Denmark; Danish Aging Research Center, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark
| | - Volkert Siersma
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stefan Fors
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Sweden; Centre for Health Equity Studies, Stockholm University and Karolinska Institutet, Sweden
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Jørgensen TSH, Fors S, Nilsson CJ, Enroth L, Aaltonen M, Sundberg L, Brønnum-Hansen H, Strand BH, Chang M, Jylhä M. Ageing populations in the Nordic countries: Mortality and longevity from 1990 to 2014. Scand J Public Health 2018; 47:611-617. [PMID: 29886814 DOI: 10.1177/1403494818780024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims: Cross-country comparisons of mortality and longevity patterns of Nordic populations could contribute with novel insights into the compositional changes of these populations. We investigated three metrics of population ageing: the proportion of the population aged 75+ and 90+ years, the proportion of birth cohorts reaching 75 and 90 years, and life expectancy (LE) at age 75 and 90 years in Sweden, Norway, Iceland, Denmark and Finland, in the period 1990-2014. Methods: Demographic information was collected from national statistical databases and the Human Mortality Database. Results: All metrics on population ageing increased during the study period, but there were some cross-country variations. Finland experienced a notably steep increase in the proportion of 75+ and 90+ year olds compared to the other countries. Regarding the proportion reaching old ages, the Finnish lagged behind from the beginning, but females decreased this difference. The Danes were more similar to the other countries at the beginning, but did not experience the same increase over time. Gender-specific LE at age 75 and 90 years was similar overall in the five countries. Conclusions: Developments in cross-country variation suggest that survival until old age has become more similar for Finnish females and more different for Danish males and females compared with the other countries in recent decades. This provides perspectives on the potential to improve longevity in Denmark and Finland. Similarities in LE in old age suggest that expected mortality in old age has been more similar throughout the study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Stefan Fors
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Juul Nilsson
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark
| | - Linda Enroth
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Mari Aaltonen
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), University of Tampere, Finland.,Institute for Advanced Social Research, University of Tampere, Finland
| | - Louise Sundberg
- Aging Research Center, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Henrik Brønnum-Hansen
- Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bjørn Heine Strand
- Department of Chronic Diseases and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo, Norway
| | - Milan Chang
- The Icelandic Gerontological Research Center, Landspitali University Hospital and University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.,Faculty of Health Promotion, Sport and Leisure Studies University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland
| | - Marja Jylhä
- Faculty of Social Sciences and Gerontology Research Center (GEREC), University of Tampere, Finland
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Jørgensen TSH, Lund R, Siersma VD, Nilsson CJ. Interplay between financial assets and social relations on decline in physical function and mortality among older people. Eur J Ageing 2018; 15:133-142. [PMID: 29867298 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-017-0437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that socioeconomic position (SEP) and social relations impact physical function and mortality in old age. Due to differential vulnerability, few social relations may lead to greater decline in physical function and mortality among older people with low compared to high SEP. The aim was to investigate whether older people with few social relations experience greater decline in physical function and mortality when also subject to low financial assets? The study population included 4060 older people aged 75 or 80 years at baseline in 1998-1999. Social relations at baseline and physical function at baseline and after 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 years were obtained from questionnaires. Financial assets at baseline and mortality during 10 years of follow-up were obtained from registers. Analyses of the associations between financial assets combined with social relations and decline in physical function and mortality, respectively, were conducted. Among males, but not females, low financial assets and few social relations were associated with the greatest decline in physical function. Yet, interaction only reached significance between financial assets and visits. Among males and females, low financial assets and few social relations were associated with the highest mortality. Interactions only reached significance between financial assets and visits for females and social activity for males. In conclusion, few social relations implied greater decline in physical function among older males and higher mortality among older males and females with low financial assets; however, the study only supports the presence of differential vulnerability for visits and social activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- 1Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, P.O. Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.,2Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 1123 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rikke Lund
- 1Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, P.O. Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.,2Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 1123 Copenhagen, Denmark.,Danish Aging Research Center, University of Southern Denmark, University of Aarhus and University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Volkert Dirk Siersma
- 4The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, Building 24, Entrance Q, Ground and 1st Floor, P.O. Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Juul Nilsson
- 1Section of Social Medicine, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Øster Farimagsgade 5, P.O. Box 2099, 1014 Copenhagen, Denmark.,2Center for Healthy Aging, University of Copenhagen, 1123 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Osler M, Wium-Andersen IK, Jørgensen MB, Jørgensen TSH, Wium-Andersen MK. Migraine and risk of stroke and acute coronary syndrome in two case-control studies in the Danish population. Clin Epidemiol 2017; 9:439-449. [PMID: 28919819 PMCID: PMC5587091 DOI: 10.2147/clep.s144441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Migraine has consistently been associated with increased risk of ischemic stroke, while the evidence for a relation with other types of stroke or coronary outcomes is limited. We examined the association between migraine and stroke and acute coronary syndrome (ACS) subtypes and the influence of potential confounding factors. Methods All first-time hospital contacts for stroke (n=155,216) or ACS (n=97,799) were identified in Danish National Patient Registers and matched with 2 control groups of the background population. A hospital diagnosis of migraine and use of migraine medication were the main exposures and associations (odds ratios [OR]) were estimated using multiple logistic regression. Confounding was also addressed by including use of general headache medication as a negative control exposure. Results The diagnosis of migraine was associated with increased odds of both stroke (ORcrude, age <50 years: 4.80 [95% CI: 3.75–6.21]; ORcrude, age ≥50 years:1.91 [95% CI: 1.67–2.19]) and ACS (ORcrude:1.88 [95% CI: 1.53–2.32]), while the ORs for the associations between migraine medication and stroke and ACS were lower. Patients with a diagnosis of migraine or redeemed migraine medication had increased ORs of all stroke subtypes (ischemic, hemorrhagic stroke and transient ischemic attacks). The diagnosis of migraine was also associated with both angina and myocardial infarction (ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction [STEMI], non-STEMI and unspecified) with the highest OR for angina. These associations were not fully explained by adjustment for confounding co-variables or when compared with the negative control exposure that were assumed to be influenced by similar confounding factors, but no shared pathogenesis. Conclusion Hospital-diagnosed migraine was associated with all stroke and ACS subtypes, with ischemic stroke and angina having the highest odds. Confounding did not explain the associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Osler
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen
| | - Ida Kim Wium-Andersen
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Psychiatry O, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Public Health, Section of Social Medicine, University of Copenhagen
| | - Marie Kim Wium-Andersen
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet - Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Glostrup, Denmark
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Jørgensen TSH, Osler M, Ängquist LH, Zimmermann E, Christensen GT, Sørensen TIA. The U-shaped association of body mass index with mortality: Influence of the traits height, intelligence, and education. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:2240-7. [PMID: 27589069 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The U-shaped association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality may depend on other traits with permanent health effects. Whether the association between BMI and mortality depends on levels of health-related traits known to be inversely associated with mortality throughout adult life such as height, intelligence, and education was investigated. METHODS The study was based on a cohort of young men with data on weight, height, intelligence test score, and education from the Danish Conscription Database. In total, 346,500 men born 1939 to 1959 were followed until December 2013. The association between BMI and mortality was analyzed using Cox-regression models including interactions between BMI and height, intelligence, and education, respectively. RESULTS BMI and mortality showed the U-shaped association from the start of the follow-up period, and it persisted through the subsequent 56 years. As expected, the mortality was inversely associated with height, intelligence, and education, but the U shape of the association between BMI and mortality was unaffected by the levels of these traits except at higher BMI values, where the slopes were steeper for men with higher levels of height, intelligence, and education. CONCLUSIONS High and low BMI was associated with higher mortality throughout life regardless of the levels of height, intelligence, and education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, The Capital Region, Denmark
- Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital-The Capital Region, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, The Capital Region, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Aging Research Center, Denmark, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark
| | - Lars Henrik Ängquist
- Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital-The Capital Region, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Esther Zimmermann
- Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital-The Capital Region, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gunhild Tidemann Christensen
- Research Centre for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, The Capital Region, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
- Danish Aging Research Center, Denmark, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark Odense, Denmark
| | - Thorkild I A Sørensen
- Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital-The Capital Region, Institute of Preventive Medicine, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Jørgensen TSH, Mårtensson S, Ibfelt EH, Jørgensen MB, Wium-Andersen IK, Wium-Andersen MK, Prescott E, Osler M. Time trend in depression diagnoses among acute coronary syndrome patients and a reference population from 2001 to 2009 in Denmark. Nord J Psychiatry 2016; 70:335-41. [PMID: 26750515 DOI: 10.3109/08039488.2015.1114681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction In the last decade a range of recommendations to increase awareness of depression in acute coronary syndrome patients have been published. To test the impact of those recommendations we examine and compare recent time trends in depression among acute coronary syndrome patients and a reference population. Methods 87 218 patients registered with acute coronary syndrome from 2001-2009 in Denmark and a match reference population were followed through hospital registries and medication prescriptions for early (≤30 days), intermediate (31 days to 6 months) and later (6 months to 2 years) depression in the acute coronary syndrome population and overall depression in the reference population. Cox regression models were used to compare hazard ratios (HRs) for depression over calendar years. Results During the study period, 11.0% and 6.2% were diagnosed with depression in the acute coronary syndrome population and in the reference population, respectively. For the acute coronary syndrome population, the adjusted HRs increased for early (HR (95% CI) 1.04 (1.01-1.06)) and intermediate depression (HR (95% CI) 1.01 (1.00-1.03)), whereas the adjusted HRs did not change for later depression (HR (95% CI) 0.99 (0.98-1.00)). For the reference population the adjusted HRs for depression increased through the study period (HR (95% CI) 1.01 (1.01-1.03)). Conclusion Increase in diagnoses of depressions within 6 months of acute coronary syndrome may be explained by increased focus on depression in this patient group in combination with increased awareness of depression in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- a Research Centre for Prevention and Health , Rigshospitalet - Glostrup University of Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Solvej Mårtensson
- a Research Centre for Prevention and Health , Rigshospitalet - Glostrup University of Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Else Helene Ibfelt
- a Research Centre for Prevention and Health , Rigshospitalet - Glostrup University of Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Eva Prescott
- d Department of Cardiology Y , Bispebjerg Hospital , University of Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Merete Osler
- a Research Centre for Prevention and Health , Rigshospitalet - Glostrup University of Copenhagen , Denmark
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Osler M, Mårtensson S, Wium-Andersen IK, Prescott E, Andersen PK, Jørgensen TSH, Carlsen K, Wium-Andersen MK, Jørgensen MB. Depression After First Hospital Admission for Acute Coronary Syndrome: A Study of Time of Onset and Impact on Survival. Am J Epidemiol 2016; 183:218-26. [PMID: 26740025 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwv227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We examined incidence of depression after acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and whether the timing of depression onset influenced survival. All first-time hospitalizations for ACS (n = 97,793) identified in the Danish Patient Registry during 2001-2009 and a reference population were followed for depression and mortality via linkage to patient, prescription, and cause-of-death registries until the end of 2012. Incidence of depression (as defined by hospital discharge or antidepressant medication use) and the relationship between depression and mortality were examined using time-to-event models. In total, 19,520 (20.0%) ACS patients experienced depression within 2 years after the event. The adjusted rate ratio for depression in ACS patients compared with the reference population was 1.28 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.25, 1.30). During 12 years of follow-up, 39,523 (40.4%) ACS patients and 27,931 (28.6%) of the reference population died. ACS patients with recurrent (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.57, 1.67) or new-onset (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.60, 1.72) depression had higher mortality rates than patients with no depression. In the reference population, the corresponding relative estimates for recurrent (HR =1.98, 95% CI: 1.92, 2.05) and new-onset (HR = 2.42, 95% CI: 2.31, 2.54) depression were stronger. Depression is common in ACS patients and is associated with increased mortality independently of time of onset, but here the excess mortality associated with depression seemed to be lower in ACS patients than in the reference population.
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Torstensson M, Hansen AH, Leth-Møller K, Jørgensen TSH, Sahlberg M, Andersson C, Kristensen KE, Ryg J, Weeke P, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason G, Holm E. Danish register-based study on the association between specific cardiovascular drugs and fragility fractures. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e009522. [PMID: 26715481 PMCID: PMC4710826 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether drugs used in treatment of cardiovascular diseases (CVD-drugs), including hypertension, increase the risk of fragility fractures in individuals above the age of 65 years. DESIGN Retrospective nationwide cohort study. SETTING Danish nationwide national registers. PARTICIPANTS All individuals in Denmark ≥ 65 years who used specified CVD-drugs in the study period between 1999 and 2012. MAIN OUTCOMES MEASURES Time-dependent exposure to CVD-drugs (nitrates, digoxin, thiazides, furosemide, ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor antagonists, β-blockers, calcium antagonists and statins) was determined by prescription claims from pharmacies. The association between use of specific CVD-drugs and fragility fractures was assessed using multivariable Poisson regression models, and adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated. RESULTS Overall, 1,586,554 persons were included, of these 16.1% experienced a fall-related fracture. The multivariable Poisson regression analysis showed positive associations between fracture and treatment with furosemide, thiazide and digoxin. IRRs during the first 14 days of treatment were for furosemide IRR 1.74 (95% CI 1.61 to 1.89) and for thiazides IRR 1.41 (1.28 to 1.55); IRR during the first 30 days of treatment with digoxin was 1.18 (1.02 to 1.37). CONCLUSIONS Use of furosemide, thiazides and digoxin was associated with elevated rates of fragility fractures among elderly individuals. This may warrant consideration when considering diuretic treatment of hypertension in elderly individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maia Torstensson
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nykøbing Falster Hospital, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | | | - Katja Leth-Møller
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nykøbing Falster Hospital, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | | | - Marie Sahlberg
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | | | - Jesper Ryg
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Peter Weeke
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Gunnar Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ellen Holm
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nykøbing Falster Hospital, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
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Osler M, Prescott E, Wium-Andersen IK, Ibfelt EH, Jørgensen MB, Andersen PK, Jørgensen TSH, Wium-Andersen MK, Mårtensson S. The Impact of Comorbid Depression on Educational Inequality in Survival after Acute Coronary Syndrome in a Cohort of 83 062 Patients and a Matched Reference Population. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0141598. [PMID: 26513652 PMCID: PMC4626047 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0141598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with low socioeconomic position have higher rates of mortality after diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), but little is known about the mechanisms behind this social inequality. The aim of the present study was to examine whether any educational inequality in survival after ACS was influenced by comorbid conditions including depression. Methods From 2001 to 2009 all first-time ACS patients were identified in the Danish National Patient Registry. This cohort of 83 062 ACS patients and a matched reference population were followed for incident depression and mortality until December 2012 by linkage to person, patients and prescription registries. Educational status was defined at study entry and the impact of potential confounders and mediators (age, gender, cohabitation status, somatic comorbidity and depression) on the relation between education and mortality were identified by drawing a directed acyclic graph and analysed using multiple Cox regression analyses. Findings During follow-up, 29 583(35.6%) of ACS patients and 19 105(22.9%) of the reference population died. Cox regression analyses showed an increased mortality in the lowest educated compared to those with high education in both ACS patients and the reference population. Adjustment for previous and incident depression or other covariables only attenuated the relations slightly. This pattern of associations was seen for mortality after 30 days, 1 year and during total follow-up. Conclusion In this study the relative excess mortality rate in lower educated ACS patients was comparable with the excess risk associated with low education in the background population. This educational inequality in survival remained after adjustment for somatic comorbidity and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merete Osler
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet – Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Glostrup, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology Y, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Else Helene Ibfelt
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet – Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Per Kragh Andersen
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Terese Sara Høj Jørgensen
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet – Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Glostrup, Denmark
| | | | - Solvej Mårtensson
- Research Center for Prevention and Health, Rigshospitalet – Glostrup, Copenhagen University, Glostrup, Denmark
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Jørgensen TSH, Hansen AH, Sahlberg M, Gislason GH, Torp-Pedersen C, Andersson C, Holm E. Nationwide time trends and risk factors for in-hospital falls-related major injuries. Int J Clin Pract 2015; 69:703-9. [PMID: 25707918 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accidental falls during hospitalisation have a range of complications and more information is needed to improve prevention. We investigated patterns of in-hospital fall-related major injuries in the period 2000-2012 and the association between chronic conditions and in-hospital fall-related major injuries. METHODS Using administrative databases, patients aged 65+ years with in-hospital falls causing fractures or head injuries with need for surgery or intensive observation were identified as cases and were individually matched with five controls. Joinpoint regression was used to examine time trends and conditional logistic regression was used to analyse odds ratio (OR) for in-hospital falls-related major injuries according to a range of comorbidities. RESULTS Four thousand seven hundred and fifty-four cases were identified from 2000 to 2012 and the most common injury was femur fracture (61.55%). For individuals aged 65-74 and 75+ years, the incidence of in-hospital falls-related major injuries per 100,000 hospital days increased significantly in 2000-2012 (average annual change: 3.2%, CI: 0.6-5.8) and 2007-2012 (average annual change: 11.4%, CI: 5.7-17.5), respectively. Significantly increased OR for in-hospital fall-related major injuries were found for individuals with dementia (OR = 2.34, CI: 1.87-2.92), osteoporosis (OR = 1.68, CI: 1.43-1.99), stroke (OR = 1.63, CI: 1.41-1.88), depression (OR = 1.24, CI: 1.09-1.41), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 1.18, CI: 1.01-1.39) and Parkinson disease (OR = 1.17, CI: 1.01-1.34). CONCLUSIONS In-hospital falls-related major injuries increased significantly during the study period. Elderly with dementia, osteoporosis, stroke, depression, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and Parkinson disease were associated with increased OR for in-hospital fall-related major injuries. Increased focus on patients with these comorbidities is warranted to decrease the increasing incidence in in-hospital major injuries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S H Jørgensen
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nykøbing-Falster Hospital, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
| | - A H Hansen
- Geriatric Section, Department of Internal Medicine, Slagelse Hospital, Slagelse, Denmark
| | - M Sahlberg
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aalborg Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - G H Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Torp-Pedersen
- Institute of Health, Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - C Andersson
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - E Holm
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nykøbing-Falster Hospital, Nykøbing Falster, Denmark
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Jørgensen TSH, Hansen AH, Sahlberg M, Gislason GH, Torp-Pedersen C, Andersson C, Holm E. Falls and comorbidity: The pathway to fractures. Scand J Public Health 2014; 42:287-94. [DOI: 10.1177/1403494813516831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Aims: To compare nationwide time trends and mortality in hip and proximal humeral fractures; to explore associations between incidences of falls risk related comorbidities (FRICs) and incidence of fractures. Methods: The study is a retrospective cohort study using nationwide Danish administrative registries from 2000 through 2009. Individuals aged 65 years or older who experienced a hip or a proximal humeral fracture were included. Incidence of hip and of proximal humeral fractures, incidence of FRICs (ischemic heart disease, COPD, dementia, depression, diabetes, heart failure, osteoporosis, Parkinson’s disease and stroke) and incidence rate ratios (IRR) for fractures in patients with FRICs, and all-cause mortality up to 10 years after a hip or a proximal humeral fracture were analysed. Results: A total of 89,150 patients experienced hip fractures and 48,581 proximal humeral fractures. From 2000 through 2009, the incidence of hip fractures per 100,000 individuals declined by 198 (787 to 589, OR = 0.75, CI: 0.72–0.80) among males and by 483 (1758 to 1275, OR = 0.74, CI: 0.72–0.77) among females. Incidences of FRICs decreased. The absolute reduction in fractures was most pronounced for the age group above 75 years (2393 to 1884, OR = 0.81, CI: 0.78–0.83), but the relative reduction was more pronounced in the age group of 65–75 years old (496 to 342, OR = 0.70, CI: 0.66–0.74). IRRs for hip fractures and for proximal humeral fractures were significantly elevated in patients with FRICs. Conclusions: The results suggest that the overall reduction in fractures can be explained by reduction in falls related comorbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marie Sahlberg
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Aalborg Hospital, Denmark
| | - Gunnar H. Gislason
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Gentofte, Denmark
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Ellen Holm
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Nykøbing-Falster Hospital, Denmark
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