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Gladkikh AS, Cao TM, Klyuchnikova EO, Dao MH, Sharova AA, Melnichenko VD, Popova MR, Arbuzova TV, Sbarzaglia VA, Tsyganova NA, Ramsay E, Dedkov VG. Correction: Near complete genome sequences from Southern Vietnam revealed local features of genetic diversity and intergenerational changes in SARS- CoV-2 variants in 2020-2021. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:898. [PMID: 38129796 PMCID: PMC10734165 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08853-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Gladkikh
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint, Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Thang M Cao
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Manh H Dao
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alena A Sharova
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint, Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | | | - Margarita R Popova
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint, Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Arbuzova
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint, Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Valeriya A Sbarzaglia
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint, Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A Tsyganova
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint, Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Edward Ramsay
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint, Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Dedkov
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint, Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne, Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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Gladkikh AS, Cao TM, Klyuchnikova EO, Dao MH, Sharova AA, Melnichenko VD, Popova MR, Arbuzova TV, Sbarzaglia VA, Tsyganova NA, Ramsay E, Dedkov VG. Near complete genome sequences from Southern Vietnam revealed local features of genetic diversity and intergenerational changes in SARS- CoV-2 variants in 2020-2021. BMC Infect Dis 2023; 23:806. [PMID: 37974125 PMCID: PMC10655423 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-023-08814-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since its beginnings in 2019, the COVID-19 pandemic is still a problem of global medical concern. Southern Vietnam is one of the country's vast regions, including 20 provinces and the densely populated metropolis Ho Chi Minh City. A randomized retrospective study was performed to investigate the epidemiology and genetic diversity of COVID-19. Whole-genome sequencing of 126 SARS-CoV-2 samples collected from Southern Vietnam between January 2020 and December 2021 revealed the main circulating variants and their distribution. METHODS Epidemiological data were obtained from the Department of Preventive Medicine of the Vietnamese Ministry of Health. To identify circulating variants, RNA, extracted from 126 nasopharyngeal swabs of patients with suspected COVID-19 were sequenced on Illunina MiSeq to obtain near complete genomes SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS Due to the effectiveness of restrictive measures in Vietnam, it was possible to keep incidence at a low level. The partial relaxation of restrictive measures, and the spread of Delta lineages, contributed to the beginning of a logarithmic increase in incidence. Lineages 20A-H circulated in Southern Vietnam during 2020. Spread of the Delta lineage in Southern Vietnam began in March 2021, causing a logarithmic rise in the number of COVID-19 cases. CONCLUSIONS Pandemic dynamics in Southern Vietnam feature specific variations in incidence, and these reflect the success of the restrictive measures put in place during the early stages of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S Gladkikh
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Thang M Cao
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Manh H Dao
- Pasteur Institute in Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Alena A Sharova
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | | | - Margarita R Popova
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Tatiana V Arbuzova
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Valeriya A Sbarzaglia
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Nadezhda A Tsyganova
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Edward Ramsay
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
| | - Vladimir G Dedkov
- Saint Petersburg Pasteur Institute, 14 Mira Street, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
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3
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Nguyen TP, Do Q, Phan LT, Dinh DV, Khong H, Hoang LV, Nguyen TV, Pham HN, Chu MV, Nguyen TT, Pham QD, Le TM, Trang TN, Dinh TT, Vo TV, Vu TT, Nguyen QB, Phan VT, Nguyen LV, Nguyen GT, Tran PM, Nghiem TD, Tran TV, Nguyen TG, Tran TQ, Nguyen LT, Do AT, Nguyen DD, Ho SA, Nguyen VT, Pham DT, Tran HB, Vu ST, Hoang SX, Do TM, Nguyen XT, Le GQ, Tran T, Cao TM, Dao HM, Nguyen TT, Doan UY, Le VT, Tran LP, Nguyen NM, Nguyen NT, Pham HT, Nguyen QH, Nguyen HT, Nguyen HL, Tran VT, Tran MT, Nguyen TT, Ha PT, Huynh HT, Nguyen KD, Thuan UT, Doan CC, Do SM. Safety and immunogenicity of Nanocovax, a SARS-CoV-2 recombinant spike protein vaccine: Interim results of a double-blind, randomised controlled phase 1 and 2 trial. Lancet Reg Health West Pac 2022; 24:100474. [PMID: 35602004 PMCID: PMC9108376 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2022.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nanocovax is a recombinant severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 subunit vaccine composed of full-length prefusion stabilized recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoproteins (S-2P) and aluminium hydroxide adjuvant. METHODS We conducted a dose-escalation, open label trial (phase 1) and a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial (phase 2) to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the Nanocovax vaccine (in 25 mcg, 50 mcg, and 75 mcg doses, aluminium hydroxide adjuvanted (0·5 mg/dose) in 2-dose regime, 28 days apart (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04683484). In phase 1, 60 participants received two intramuscular injection of the vaccine following dose-escalation procedure. The primary outcomes were reactogenicity and laboratory tests to evaluate the vaccine safety. In phase 2, 560 healthy adults received either vaccine doses similar in phase 1 (25 or 50 or 75 mcg S antigen in 0·5 mg aluminium per dose) or adjuvant (0·5 mg aluminium) in a ratio of 2:2:2:1. One primary outcome was the vaccine safety, including solicited adverse events for 7 day and unsolicited adverse events for 28 days after each injection as well as serious adverse event or adverse events of special interest throughout the study period. Another primary outcome was anti-S IgG antibody response (Index unit/ml). Secondary outcomes were surrogate virus neutralisation (inhibition percentage), wild-type SARS-CoV-2 neutralisation (dilution fold), and T-cell responses by intracellular staining for interferon gamma (IFNg). Anti-S IgG and neutralising antibody levels were compared with convalescent serum samples from symptomatic Covid-19 patients. FINDINGS For phase 1 study, no serious adverse events were observed for all 60 participants. Most adverse events were grade 1 and disappeared shortly after injection. For phase 2 study, after randomisation, 480 participants were assigned to receive the vaccine with adjuvant, and 80 participants were assigned to receive the placebo (adjuvant only). Reactogenicity was absent or mild in the majority of participants and of short duration (mean ≤3 days). Unsolicited adverse events were mild in most participants. There were no serious adverse events related to Nanocovax. Regarding the immunogenicity, Nanocovax induced robust anti-S antibody responses. In general, there humoral responses were similar among vaccine groups which reached their peaks at day 42 and declined afterward. At day 42, IgG levels of vaccine groups were 60·48 [CI95%: 51·12-71·55], 49·11 [41·26-58·46], 57·18 [48·4-67·5] compared to 7·10 [6·32-13·92] of convalescent samples. IgG levels reported here can be converted to WHO international standard binding antibody unit (BAU/ml) by multiplying them to a conversion factor of 21·8. Neutralising antibody titre of vaccine groups at day 42 were 89·2 [52·2-152·3], 80·0 [50·8-125.9] and 95·1 [63·1-143·6], compared to 55·1 [33·4-91·0] of the convalescent group. INTERPRETATION Up to day 90, Nanocovax was found to be safe, well tolerated, and induced robust immune responses. FUNDING This work was funded by the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI), the Ministry of Science and Technology of Vietnam, and Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy P. Nguyen
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Quyet Do
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Lan T. Phan
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Duc V. Dinh
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Hiep Khong
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Luong V. Hoang
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Thuong V. Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hung N. Pham
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Men V. Chu
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Toan T. Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Quang D. Pham
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tri M. Le
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Tuyen N.T. Trang
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh T. Dinh
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thuong V. Vo
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thao T. Vu
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Quynh B.P. Nguyen
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Vuong T. Phan
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Luong V. Nguyen
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Giang T. Nguyen
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Phong M. Tran
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Thuan D. Nghiem
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Tien V. Tran
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Tien G. Nguyen
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Tuynh Q. Tran
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Linh T. Nguyen
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Anh T. Do
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Dung D. Nguyen
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Son A. Ho
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Viet T. Nguyen
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Dung T. Pham
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Hieu B. Tran
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Son T. Vu
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Su X. Hoang
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Trung M. Do
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Xuan T. Nguyen
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Giang Q. Le
- Vietnam Military Medical University, 160 Phung Hung, Ha Dong, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Ton Tran
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thang M. Cao
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Huy M. Dao
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Thao T.T. Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Uyen Y Doan
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Vy T.T. Le
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Linh P. Tran
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc M. Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Ngoc T. Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hang T.T. Pham
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Quan H. Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hieu T. Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute, 167 Pasteur, District 3, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hang L.K. Nguyen
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology (NIHE), Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | - Vinh T. Tran
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Mai T.N. Tran
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Truc T.T. Nguyen
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Phat T. Ha
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Hieu T. Huynh
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Khanh D. Nguyen
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Ung T. Thuan
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Chung C. Doan
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - Si M. Do
- Nanogen Pharmaceutical Biotechnology JSC, Lot I-5C Saigon Hitech Park, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
- Corresponding author.
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4
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Dao MH, Phan LT, Cao TM, Luong QC, Pham HTT, Vu NHP, Khuu NV, Nguyen TV, Nguyen LT, Nguyen HT, Nguyen AH, Huynh LKT, Huynh TP, Nguyen QH, Truong HC, Nguyen HM, Trinh TX, Nguyen DT, Nguyen TB, Do HT, Pham QD, Nguyen TV. Genome-wide analysis of SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in Vietnam: Understanding the nature of the epidemic and role of the D614G mutation. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5660-5665. [PMID: 34042186 PMCID: PMC8242548 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome‐wide analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) strains is essential to better understand infectivity and virulence and to track coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases and outbreaks. We performed whole‐genome sequencing of 27 SARS‐CoV‐2 strains isolated between January 2020 and April 2020. A total of 54 mutations in different genomic regions was found. The D614G mutation, first detected in March 2020, was identified in 18 strains and was more likely associated with a lower cycle threshold (<25) in real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction diagnostic tests than the original D614 (prevalence ratio = 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–6.38). The integration of sequencing and epidemiological data suggests that SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in both quarantine areas and in the community in Vietnam occur at the beginning of the epidemic although the country implemented strict quarantine quite early, with strict contact tracing, and testing. These findings provide insights into the nature of the epidemic, as well as shape strategies for COVID‐19 prevention and control in Vietnam.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manh H Dao
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan T Phan
- Directorial Board, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thang M Cao
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang C Luong
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hang T T Pham
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhung H P Vu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nghia V Khuu
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thinh V Nguyen
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Long T Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh H Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Loan Kim Thi Huynh
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao P Huynh
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quan H Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hieu C Truong
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Dung T Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City Center for Diseases Control, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Hung T Do
- Pasteur Institute of Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Quang D Pham
- Planning Division, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Training Center, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuong V Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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5
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Dao MH, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TV, Nguyen AH, Luong QC, Vu NHP, Pham HTT, Nguyen TNT, Thach DH, Nguyen LV, Bui LV, Nguyen HM, Huynh LKT, Nguyen LT, Cao TM, Pham QD, Nguyen TV, Phan LT. New SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern imported from the United Kingdom to Vietnam, December 2020. J Med Virol 2021; 93:2628-2630. [PMID: 33638484 PMCID: PMC8013811 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manh H Dao
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thinh V Nguyen
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh H Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang C Luong
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhung H P Vu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hang T T Pham
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao N T Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dung H Thach
- Tra Vinh Provincial Center for Disease Control, Tra Vinh City, Vietnam
| | - Lo V Nguyen
- Tra Vinh Provincial Center for Disease Control, Tra Vinh City, Vietnam
| | - Luan V Bui
- Tra Vinh Hospital for Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases, Tra Vinh City, Vietnam
| | - Hang M Nguyen
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Loan K T Huynh
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Long T Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thang M Cao
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang D Pham
- Planning Division, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Training Center, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuong V Nguyen
- Directorial Board, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan T Phan
- Directorial Board, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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6
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Phan LT, Nguyen TV, Huynh LKT, Dao MH, Vo TAN, Vu NHP, Pham HTT, Nguyen HT, Nguyen TT, Le HQ, Nguyen TV, Nguyen QH, Huynh TP, Nguyen SN, Nguyen AH, Nguyen NT, Nguyen TNT, Nguyen LT, Luong QC, Cao TM, Pham QD. Clinical features, isolation, and complete genome sequence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 from the first two patients in Vietnam. J Med Virol 2020; 92:2209-2215. [PMID: 32462705 PMCID: PMC7283826 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
In January 2020, we identified two severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)‐infected patients in a familial cluster with one person coming from Wuhan, China. The complete genome sequences of two SARS‐CoV‐2 strains isolated from these patients were identical and 99.98% similar to strains isolated in Wuhan. This is genetically suggestive of human‐to‐human transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 and indicates Wuhan as the most plausible origin of the early outbreak in Vietnam. The younger patient had a mild upper respiratory illness and a brief viral shedding, whereas the elderly with multi‐morbidity had pneumonia, prolonged viral shedding, and residual lung damage. The evidence of nonsynonymous substitutions in the ORF1ab region of the viral sequence warrants further studies. Transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2 is a global public health and clinical concern. This report describes clinical features, virus isolation, and complete genome sequences from the first two SARS‐CoV‐2 infections in Vietnam. Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis suggested evidence of human‐to‐human transmission of SARS‐CoV‐2. Comparison of SARS‐CoV‐2 strains isolated from these two patients with those from Wuhan showed high similarities. Nonsynonymous substitutions existed in the ORF1ab region of the viral sequence. Compared with mild clinical and virological manifestations in the younger patient, the elderly suffered from pneumonia, prolonged viral shedding, and residual lung damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan T Phan
- Directorial Board, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuong V Nguyen
- Directorial Board, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Loan K T Huynh
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Manh H Dao
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tho A N Vo
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhung H P Vu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hang T T Pham
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuc T Nguyen
- Directorial Board, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hung Q Le
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thinh V Nguyen
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quan H Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao P Huynh
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sang N Nguyen
- Department of Tropical Diseases, Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh H Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Ngoc T Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao N T Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Long T Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang C Luong
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thang M Cao
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang D Pham
- Planning Division and Training Center, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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7
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan T Phan
- Pasteur Institute Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuong V Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang C Luong
- Pasteur Institute Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thinh V Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Pasteur Institute Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hung Q Le
- Cho Ray Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Thang M Cao
- Pasteur Institut Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang D Pham
- Pasteur Institut Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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Samadpour M, Barbour MW, Nguyen T, Cao TM, Buck F, Depavia GA, Mazengia E, Yang P, Alfi D, Lopes M, Stopforth JD. Incidence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli O157, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in retail fresh ground beef, sprouts, and mushrooms. J Food Prot 2006; 69:441-3. [PMID: 16496591 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-69.2.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), E. coli O157, Salmonella, and Listeria monocytogenes in retail food samples from Seattle, Wash. A total of 2,050 samples of ground beef (1,750 samples), mushrooms (100 samples), and sprouts (200 samples) were collected over a 12-month period and analyzed for the presence of these pathogens. PCR assays, followed by culture confirmation were used to determine the presence or absence of each organism. Of the 1,750 ground beef samples analyzed, 61 (3.5%) were positive for EHEC, and 20 (1.1%) of these were positive for E. coli O157. Salmonella was present in 67 (3.8%) of the 1,750 ground beef samples. Of 512 ground beef samples analyzed, 18 (3.5%) were positive for L. monocytogenes. EHEC was found in 12 (6.0%) of the 200 sprout samples, and 3 (1.5%) of these yielded E. coli O157. Of the 200 total sprout samples, 14 (7.0%) were positive for Salmonella and none were positive for L. monocytogenes. Among the 100 mushroom samples, 4 (4.0%) were positive for EHEC but none of these 4 samples were positive for E. coli O157. Salmonella was detected in 5 (5.0%) of the mushroom samples, and L. monocytogenes was found in 1 (1.0%) of the samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Samadpour
- Institute for Environmental Health Inc, Seattle, Washington 98155, USA.
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9
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Nguyen DD, Loo BW, Tillman G, Natkunam Y, Cao TM, Vaughan W, Dorfman RF, Goffinet DR, Jacobs CD, Advani RH. Plasmablastic lymphoma presenting in a human immunodeficiency virus-negative patient: a case report. Ann Hematol 2003; 82:521-525. [PMID: 12783213 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-003-0684-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2003] [Accepted: 04/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL), an aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma that carries a poor prognosis, previously has been identified almost exclusively in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). We present a case of a 42-year-old HIV-negative patient presenting with an isolated nasal cavity mass, the typical presentation for PBL. The patient was given systemic chemotherapy, central nervous system prophylaxis, and consolidative locoregional radiotherapy and achieved a complete clinical response. This case suggests PBL should be considered in HIV-negative patients with characteristic findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- D D Nguyen
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 703 Welch Road, Rm H4, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - B W Loo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - G Tillman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Y Natkunam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - T M Cao
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - W Vaughan
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - R F Dorfman
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D R Goffinet
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - C D Jacobs
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 703 Welch Road, Rm H4, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - R H Advani
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 703 Welch Road, Rm H4, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
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10
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Cao TM, Horning S, Negrin RS, Hu WW, Johnston LJ, Taylor TL, Shizuru JA, Hoppe RT, Brown BW, Blume KG, Stockerl-Goldstein KE. High-dose therapy and autologous hematopoietic-cell transplantation for follicular lymphoma beyond first remission: the Stanford University experience. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2002; 7:294-301. [PMID: 11400952 DOI: 10.1053/bbmt.2001.v7.pm11400952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A retrospective analysis was performed to investigate the outcome of high-dose therapy (HDT) and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation in patients with follicular lymphomas beyond first remission. Ninety-two patients with primary induction failure or relapsed follicular low-grade lymphoma (FLGL), follicular large cell lymphoma (FLCL), and transformed follicular lymphoma (TFL) were treated with myeloablative therapy consisting of etoposide (60 mg/kg), cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg), and either carmustine (BCNU;15 mg/kg) or fractionated total body irradiation (FTBI; 1200 cGy) followed by transplantation of purged autologous bone marrow or peripheral blood hematopoietic cells. For the 49 patients with relapsed FLGL, the median age was 49 years and the median interval from diagnosis to HDT was 30 months. The 4-year estimate of overall survival (OS) was 60% (95% confidence interval [CI], 45%-75%) and of disease-free survival (DFS) was 44% (95% CI, 29%-59%). Treatment with the FTBI-containing HDT regimen was associated with significantly longer DFS (P = .04) and OS (P = .04) in our multivariate analysis. OS was also significantly longer among those treated with 3 or fewer chemotherapy regimens. For the 26 FLCL patients, the median age was 51 years and in 31% the indication for HDT was primary induction failure. For FLCL patients, the 4-year estimate of OS was 58% (95% CI, 37%-79%) and of DFS was 51% (95% CI, 30%-72%). Among the 17 patients with TFL, 13 (76%) transformed at first relapse, and only 6 patients (35%) achieved complete remission with salvage therapy prior to HDT. For TFL patients, the 4-year estimate of OS was 50% (95% CI, 24%-76%) and of DFS 49% (95% CI, 20%-78%). There were 3 occurrences of myelodysplasia (1 after treatment with TBI, 2 after BCNU treatment), yielding an estimated incidence of 7% (95% CI, 0%-16%) at 56 months. This analysis shows that relapsed FLGL patients treated with 3 or fewer different chemotherapy regimens show inferior survival. The HDT regimen containing FTBI appears to be superior to the BCNU-based regimen for relapsed FLGL, although longer follow-up is needed to evaluate late effects. Lastly, patients with TFL or induction failure and relapsed FLCL can achieve survival outcome comparable to those observed with the indolent follicular lymphomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University Medical Center, California 94305-5623, USA
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Cao TM, Han HN, Duan YC. [Clinical study on long-term treatment of ankylosing spondylitis with integrated Traditional Chinese and Western medicine]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2001; 21:576-8. [PMID: 12575568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To seek for the new method of integrated traditional Chinese and western medical treatment (TCM-WM) for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) to control the disease development, shorten the therapeutic course and reduce disability rate. METHODS Patients of AS enrolled in this study were 106 patients in group A, who were persistently treated with TCM-WM for over 10 months, 48 patients in group B treated with western medicine and 34 in group C treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents. They were followed-up for 2 years. RESULTS (1) Short-term effect: the markedly effective rate in the three groups was 73.58%, 47.92% and 5.88% respectively, and the total effective rate was 96.23%, 87.50% and 41.18% respectively. The comparisons of group A to group B and C showed significant difference, the effect in group A was superior to that in group B and group C (chi 2 = 10.58, P < 0.01 and chi 2 = 67.76, P < 0.01 respectively). (2) Results of 2-year follow-up: the recurrence rate in group A was 18.37% (9/49), it was insignificantly different from that in group B (7/23 = 30.43%, chi 2 = 1.32, P > 0.05), but significantly different from that in group C (8/12 = 66.67%, chi 2 = 11.19, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Long-term TCM-WM therapy, which concentrated on the advantages of traditional Chinese and western medicine, was a practical method in treating AS with reliable effect, few side-reaction, therefore, is worth spreading.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Cao
- 208th Hospital of PLA, Changchun 130062
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12
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Cao TM, Kusnierz-Glaz C, Valone F, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Hu WW, Johnston L, Blume KG, Strober S, Negrin RS. Rapid engraftment after allogeneic transplantation of density-enriched peripheral blood CD34+ cells in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. Cancer 2001; 91:2205-13. [PMID: 11413507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute graft versus host disease (GVHD) remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Preclinical studies have suggested that a T-cell subset with a CD4-/CD8- double-negative (DN) T-cell phenotype is capable of suppressing GVHD. Double-negative T cells can be mobilized into the peripheral blood with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and enriched by density centrifugation. The current study was performed to study the feasibility and safety of applying a density gradient separation technique for enrichment of CD34+ and DN T cells, while depleting CD4+ and CD8+ single-positive (SP) T cells from peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPCs) for the purpose of allogeneic transplantation. METHODS Twenty-five patients with advanced hematologic malignancies were treated with a myeloablative preparative regimen consisting of fractionated total body irradiation, etoposide, and cyclophosphamide. Human leukocyte antigen identical donors were mobilized with G-CSF PBPC collected by apheresis. The apheresis product was applied to a single-step density gradient, and the low-density cell population was collected. The low-density cell population was infused as the sole source of allogeneic cells after myeloablative therapy. Graft versus host disease prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine with or without prednisone. RESULTS CD34 cell recovery was efficient with a median 72% yield, providing for a median CD34+ cell dose of 6.5 x 10(6)/kg (range,1.0- 13.9 x 10(6)/kg). CD3+CD4+ or CD3+CD8+ SP T cells were depleted by a median of 94.4% (range, 58.8- 99.2%), and the ratio of CD34+:SP T cells increased 10-fold. Double-negative T cells were depleted by 92% (range, 18.8- 99.4%), thus the ratio of DN:SP T cells increased less than 2-fold in 71% of apheresis samples tested. Hematopoietic engraftment was rapid, and there was no occurrence of graft failure in examinable patients. Median time to absolute neutrophil count greater than 0.5 x 10(9)/L and platelet count greater than 20 x 10(9)/L was 10.5 and 12 days, respectively. The incidence of Grade 2-4 acute GVHD was 26% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6-45%), although not all patients were examinable due to an unexpectedly high nonrecurrence mortality that at Day 180 was 62% (95% CI, 40-83%). CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that T-cell subset manipulation via density gradient separation is a safe procedure and allowed rapid hematopoietic recovery. Selective enrichment of a donor DN T-cell subset was observed in only a few and was not associated with a reduced incidence of GVHD. However, the low-density selected cells still resulted in GVHD, and there was a high treatment-related mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Cao
- Department of Medicine, Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, California 94305-5623, USA
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Cao TM, Negrin RS, Stockerl-Goldstein KE, Johnston LJ, Shizuru JA, Taylor TL, Rizk NW, Wong RM, Blume KG, Hu WW. Pulmonary toxicity syndrome in breast cancer patients undergoing BCNU-containing high-dose chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2001; 6:387-94. [PMID: 10917574 DOI: 10.1016/s1083-8791(00)70015-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We performed a retrospective review to investigate pulmonary toxicity syndrome (PTS) in a cohort of breast cancer patients undergoing BCNU-containing high-dose chemotherapy (HDC). Our aim was to characterize presentation, identify risk factors, determine outcome following therapy, and find any association with differences in survival. We reviewed the data of 152 patients with stage II or III or metastatic breast cancer treated with cyclophosphamide 5625 mg/m2, cisplatin 165 mg/m2, and BCNU 600 mg/m2 followed by autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic cell transplantation. During follow-up, PTS was diagnosed when the following criteria were met: (1) presentation with typical clinical symptoms of PTS, (2) an absolute carbon monoxide diffusion capacity (DLCO) decline of 10% compared with pre-HDC DLCO, and (3) no clinical evidence of active pulmonary infection. Patients were then treated with a course of corticosteroid therapy. The incidence of PTS for all 152 patients was 59%, with a median onset at 45 days (range, 21-149 days) post-HDC. The median absolute DLCO decrement was 26% (range, 10%-73%) at diagnosis of PTS. There was no significant correlation between patient age, stage of breast cancer, pre-HDC chemotherapy regimen, pre-HDC chest wall radiotherapy, tobacco use, prior lung disease, or baseline pulmonary function test results and the development of PTS. We did observe an interesting association between PTS and the development of a noncholestatic elevation of transaminases. Of PTS patients treated with prednisone therapy for a median of 105.5 days (range, 44-300 days), 91% achieved resolution of their PTS without pulmonary sequelae. At 3 years, the overall survival (OS) of stage II or III patients who developed PTS was 84% (95% confidence interval [CI], 73%-95%); of metastatic breast cancer patients with PTS, the OS was 58% (95% CI, 38%-78%). These values were not significantly different from those of patients who did not develop PTS (91% [95% confidence interval [CI], 81%-100%] and 53% [95% CI, 32%-74%], respectively). No significant differences in disease-free or event-free survival were observed between patients with and without PTS. The incidence of PTS in breast cancer patients treated with a BCNU-containing HDC regimen can be remarkably high. Treatment with a course of corticosteroid therapy is successful in the vast majority.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Cao
- Division of Bone Marrow Transplantation Stanford University Medical Center, California 94305-5623, USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Nii
- School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, University of Southern California-Kenneth Norris Jr. Cancer Center and Hospital, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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15
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Liu BH, Dai EL, Cao TM. [Study on efficacy of adult primary nephrotic syndrome with TCM-WM therapy and its hemorheologic effects]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1994; 14:658-60. [PMID: 7703633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of TCM-WM therapy in treating adult primary nephrotic syndrome in comparing with using Western medicine alone and its influence on patient's hemorheology was investigated. The results showed that with the therapy of combined therapy the clinical remission rate and total effective rate were 65.4% and 88.5%, while that of Western medicine alone were 37.0% and 59.3% respectively. There was significant difference between the above-mentioned two groups (P < 0.01). Adverse effect scores with combined therapy were much lower than that of WM alone (P < 0.01). The recurrence rate of the illness with TCM-WM and WM therapy were 7.25% and 53.13% respectively (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the combined treatment of TCM-WM could remarkably improve the blood viscosity and reduce the content of fibrinogen. It was suggested that Syndrome Differentiation with the administration of steroid could not only ameliorate the adverse effects of steroid but promote the efficacy and reduce the recurrence of the disease. Besides, the addition of blood-activating and stasis-removing herbs could also improve the blood viscosity and the impaired fibrinolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B H Liu
- Dept. of TCM, Second Affiliated Hospital, Lanzhou Medical College
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16
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Rashid HU, Barsoum AL, Cao TM, Coggin JH. Identification of partial complementary DNA clones encoding a 59-kd protein with characteristics of a unique oncofetal antigen. J Natl Cancer Inst 1994; 86:515-26. [PMID: 8133535 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/86.7.515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oncofetal antigens (OFAs) are conserved tumor-associated autoantigens or transplantation antigens present on the surface of all major classes of rodent and human tumors and on midgestational fetal cells but not on normal neonatal or adult human and rodent tissues. A syngeneically derived monoclonal antibody, MAb-115, recognizes murine OFAs of 44 and 200 kd in molecular mass. PURPOSE Our goal was to clone and characterize the complementary DNAs (cDNAs) that encode these murine OFAs. METHODS Rabbit antiserum raised against purified 44-kd OFA glycoprotein was used to screen a mouse embryo cDNA-lambda phage expression library. Recombinant phage clones positive for the expression of OFAs were detected by immunohistochemical staining, then isolated and plaque purified. The presence of an OFA-encoding sequence in the recombinant phage was confirmed by specific reaction of the expressed protein with MAb-115. Recombinant fusion protein was purified from the extracts of corresponding lysogens. Rabbit antiserum against purified recombinant fusion protein was raised, and the capacity of this antiserum to detect the expression of OFA on rodent tumor and fetal cells was determined by flow cytometry. In addition, immunoreactivity of tumor bearer and hyperimmune murine sera to bacterially expressed recombinant OFA protein was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The OFA-expressing insert DNA from plaque-purified lambda clones was subcloned into phagemid vectors for sequencing analysis. RESULTS Antiserum derived against the isolated recombinant mouse embryo polypeptide mimicked MAb-115 in its specific binding to all OFA-positive rodent tumor and fetal cell lines tested and likewise did not show reactivity to normal adult tissues. This antiserum specifically recognized the native 44- and 200-kd OFAs in extracts of murine lymphocytic lymphoma. Furthermore, sera of tumor-bearing mice or mice immunized with purified OFA or intact, irradiated OFA-positive lymphocytic lymphoma cells also reacted with the recombinant fusion protein. The characterization of the isolated clone included nucleotide sequence information followed by analysis of the deduced primary structure of the protein. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that the isolated cDNA clones encode a distinct gene product which is widely expressed on the surface of tumor and fetal cells and represents the first characterized sequence of a true OFA. IMPLICATIONS The availability of this cDNA, encoding a protein expressed only on tumor and fetal cells, provides a direct means to assess biological characteristics of malignant tissue which can be assayed by biochemical, histochemical, and molecular methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H U Rashid
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of South Alabama, College of Medicine, Mobile
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17
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Cao TM, Ing YH. Gel electrophoresis system for the micropreparation of plasmid DNA. Anal Biochem 1991; 192:251-3. [PMID: 2048729 DOI: 10.1016/0003-2697(91)90216-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
An easy-to-build gel electrophoresis system with continuous elution is described. The design requires only inexpensive materials and common equipment available in any laboratory. The system is used to isolate supercoiled plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Cao
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36688
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18
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Cao TM. A simple and inexpensive system to amplify DNA by PCR. Biotechniques 1989; 7:566-7. [PMID: 2631775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T M Cao
- Dept. of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of South Alabama, Mobile 36688
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Metz
- Enzyme Bio-Systems Ltd, Arlington Heights, IL 60005
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20
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Sung MT, Cao TM, Lischwe MA, Coleman RT. Molecular processing of adenovirus proteins. J Biol Chem 1983; 258:8266-72. [PMID: 6336325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Late in adenovirus infection, a virus-encoded protease processes several viral structural proteins. The maturation cleavages are a prerequisite for full viral infectivity. The peptide fragment removed during processing is located at the amino end of the major core protein VII. The structure of the precursor peptide sequence was determined by both protein and nucleotide sequencing. Two processing events were elucidated. First, during protein biosynthesis, the initiator methionyl residue is removed and the penultimate seryl residue is acetylated. Second, the resulting NH2-terminal 23-residue fragment is removed during virus assembly. The specificity of the viral endoprotease was investigated by isolating and characterizing another viral proprotein precursor, Pro-VI. The propeptide of VI was also found to be extended at the amino end of the molecule. Comparison of the two propeptide sequences at the cleavage site revealed a consensus amino acid sequence of Gly-Gly-Ala. In addition, there is extensive similarity in the precursor sequences of both proteins. The analogous constitution of the precursor fragments in Pro-VI and Pro-VII suggests that a common mechanism is implicated in controlling the reorganization of VI and VII during virion assembly.
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Sung MT, Cao TM, Coleman RT, Budelier KA. Gene and protein sequences of adenovirus protein VII, a hybrid basic chromosomal protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1983; 80:2902-6. [PMID: 6574459 PMCID: PMC393941 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.80.10.2902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The sequences of both the gene and the corresponding protein of adenovirus major core protein VII have been determined. The precise location of this gene is between 43.37 and 44.90 map coordinates on the viral genome. Protein VII is 173 residues long and has a molecular weight of 19,258. Detailed analysis of its sequence has revealed four basic domains separated by several predicted alpha helices. It is proposed that intrachain folding of protein VII is driven by hydrophobic interactions of the alpha helices, leaving the basic domains of the protein to interact with DNA phosphates. Protein monomers may further associate with each other in the formation of hexameric nucleosome-like particles. The displacement and replacement of protein VII during the viral infectious cycle in the host cell appears to mimic the biology of nucleoprotamine during the processes of spermatogenesis and fertilization. The presence of a protamine-like domain affirms a hybrid histone/protamine molecular structure for protein VII, although it may resemble the protamine in function.
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Cao TM, Sung MT. Ultraviolet light induced preferential cross-linking of histone H3 to deoxyribonucleic acid in chromatin and nuclei of chicken erythrocytes. Biochemistry 1982; 21:3419-27. [PMID: 6288074 DOI: 10.1021/bi00257a027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Histones have been cross-linked to DNA in chicken erythrocyte nuclei and chromatin by using ultraviolet light irradiation at 254 nm. Following irradiation, cross-linked histone-DNA adducts were isolated and purified by hydroxylapatite chromatography, and the DNA component was subjected to acid hydrolysis. Of several hydrolysis techniques investigated, trichloroacetic hydrolysis of the DNA component of the adducts was found to be most effective. Histones isolated from hydrolyzed histone-DNA adducts were characterized by gel electrophoresis and fingerprint analysis. No histone-histone protein adducts were observed. All histone fractions have been shown to cross-link DNA in nuclei or chromatin by utilizing the technique employed, but with different propensities. The order of observed cross-linking, deduced from kinetic experiments, is H1 + H5, H3 greater than H4 greater than H2A much greater than H2B. The preferential binding of the core histone H3, as compared to the other core histones, is discussed in light of recent data concerning histone-DNA interactions and nucleosome structure. The use of the ultraviolet light technique as a conformational probe to study chromatin is also discussed.
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Hadler HI, Cao TM. The in vitro interaction of the carcinogens, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide and its metabolite 4-hydroxylaminoquinoline-N-oxide, with intact rat liver mitochondria. Chem Biol Interact 1978; 20:219-26. [PMID: 417811 DOI: 10.1016/0009-2797(78)90055-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The inhibition of rat liver mitochondrial respiration caused by rotenone, is relieved by the 2 carcinogens, 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (NQO) and its metabolite 4-hydroxylaminoquinoline-N-oxide (HAQO). Thus these agents cause reducing equivalents to circumvent the first coupling site of the respiratory chain. This is another example of the experimental confluence between oxidative phosphorylation and chemical carcinogenesis.
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