1
|
Dang HT, Tran DM, Phung TTB, Bui ATP, Vu YH, Luong MT, Nguyen HM, Trinh HT, Nguyen TT, Nguyen AH, Van Nguyen AT. Promising clinical and immunological efficacy of Bacillus clausii spore probiotics for supportive treatment of persistent diarrhea in children. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6422. [PMID: 38494525 PMCID: PMC10944834 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Persistent diarrhea is a severe gastroenteric disease with relatively high risk of pediatric mortality in developing countries. We conducted a randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of liquid-form Bacillus clausii spore probiotics (LiveSpo CLAUSY; 2 billion CFU/5 mL ampoule) at high dosages of 4-6 ampoules a day in supporting treatment of children with persistent diarrhea. Our findings showed that B. clausii spores significantly improved treatment outcomes, resulting in a 2-day shorter recovery period (p < 0.05) and a 1.5-1.6 folds greater efficacy in reducing diarrhea symptoms, such as high frequency of bowel movement of ≥ 3 stools a day, presence of fecal mucus, and diapered infant stool scale types 4-5B. LiveSpo CLAUSY supportive treatment achieved 3 days (p < 0.0001) faster recovery from diarrhea disease, with 1.6-fold improved treatment efficacy. At day 5 of treatment, a significant decrease in blood levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-23 by 3.24% (p = 0.0409), 29.76% (p = 0.0001), and 10.87% (p = 0.0036), respectively, was observed in the Clausy group. Simultaneously, there was a significant 37.97% decrease (p = 0.0326) in the excreted IgA in stool at day 5 in the Clausy group. Overall, the clinical study demonstrates the efficacy of B. clausii spores (LiveSpo CLAUSY) as an effective symptomatic treatment and immunomodulatory agent for persistent diarrhea in children.Trial registration: NCT05812820.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ha Thuy Dang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dien Minh Tran
- Department of Surgical Intensive Care Unit, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy Thi Bich Phung
- Department of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Thi Phuong Bui
- Spobiotic Research Center, ANABIO R&D Ltd. Company, No. 22, Lot 7,8 Van Khe Urban, La Khe, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Yen Hai Vu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Thi Luong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hang Minh Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Trinh
- Department of Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, Vietnam National Children's Hospital, No. 18/879 La Thanh, Dong Da, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tham Thi Nguyen
- Spobiotic Research Center, ANABIO R&D Ltd. Company, No. 22, Lot 7,8 Van Khe Urban, La Khe, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Anh Hoa Nguyen
- Spobiotic Research Center, ANABIO R&D Ltd. Company, No. 22, Lot 7,8 Van Khe Urban, La Khe, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
- LiveSpo Pharma Ltd. Company, N03T5, Ngoai Giao Doan Urban, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Anh Thi Van Nguyen
- Spobiotic Research Center, ANABIO R&D Ltd. Company, No. 22, Lot 7,8 Van Khe Urban, La Khe, Ha Dong, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Dao MH, Phan LT, Cao TM, Luong QC, Pham HTT, Vu NHP, Khuu NV, Nguyen TV, Nguyen LT, Nguyen HT, Nguyen AH, Huynh LKT, Huynh TP, Nguyen QH, Truong HC, Nguyen HM, Trinh TX, Nguyen DT, Nguyen TB, Do HT, Pham QD, Nguyen TV. Genome-wide analysis of SARS-CoV-2 strains circulating in Vietnam: Understanding the nature of the epidemic and role of the D614G mutation. J Med Virol 2021; 93:5660-5665. [PMID: 34042186 PMCID: PMC8242548 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Genome‐wide analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) strains is essential to better understand infectivity and virulence and to track coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) cases and outbreaks. We performed whole‐genome sequencing of 27 SARS‐CoV‐2 strains isolated between January 2020 and April 2020. A total of 54 mutations in different genomic regions was found. The D614G mutation, first detected in March 2020, was identified in 18 strains and was more likely associated with a lower cycle threshold (<25) in real‐time reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction diagnostic tests than the original D614 (prevalence ratio = 2.75; 95% confidence interval, 1.19–6.38). The integration of sequencing and epidemiological data suggests that SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission in both quarantine areas and in the community in Vietnam occur at the beginning of the epidemic although the country implemented strict quarantine quite early, with strict contact tracing, and testing. These findings provide insights into the nature of the epidemic, as well as shape strategies for COVID‐19 prevention and control in Vietnam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manh H Dao
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Lan T Phan
- Directorial Board, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thang M Cao
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang C Luong
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hang T T Pham
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nhung H P Vu
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Nghia V Khuu
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thinh V Nguyen
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Long T Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hieu T Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh H Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Loan Kim Thi Huynh
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao P Huynh
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quan H Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hieu C Truong
- Department for Disease Control and Prevention, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | | | - Dung T Nguyen
- Ho Chi Minh City Center for Diseases Control, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Hung T Do
- Pasteur Institute of Nha Trang, Nha Trang, Vietnam
| | - Quang D Pham
- Planning Division, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.,Training Center, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuong V Nguyen
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, Pasteur Institute of Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Phung TTB, Chu SV, Vu ST, Pham HT, Nguyen HM, Nguyen HD, Le NT, Nguyen DV, Truong PT, Vu VTT, Nguyen ATV. COLD-PCR Method for Early Detection of Antiviral Drug-Resistance Mutations in Treatment-Naive Children with Chronic Hepatitis B. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10070491. [PMID: 32708399 PMCID: PMC7400161 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10070491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated Nucleos(t)ide-analogue (NA)-resistance mutations (mt) in 142 treatment-naive children with Chronic Hepatitis B (CHB), using a sensitive co-amplification at lower denaturation temperature (COLD)-PCR with Sanger DNA sequencing. An NA resistance-associated mt in the hepatitis B virus (HBV) reverse transcriptase (RT) was found in 66.2% of the patients, with nonclassical mt contributing the most (64.8%). Significantly higher frequencies of Lamivudine (LMV) and Adefovir dipivoxil (ADF) resistance-associated mt were found in genotypes B and C, respectively (ORLMV/ADF: 1495.000; 95% CI: 89.800–24,889.032; p < 0.001). Single-point mt associated to LMV and ADF resistance were detected in 59.9% of the tested children with rtV207M (38.0%) and rtN238T (9.9%) being the most frequent. Multiple-point mt were found only in 8 cases (5.6%): 6 children carried double mt (rtV207M + rtL229V; rtV207M + rtI233V; rtV207I + rtV207M × 2 cases; rtV207M + rtS213T; rtN238A + rtS256G) relating to LMV or/and ADF resistance and 3 children carried triple mt (rtL180M + rtM204I + rtN238T; rtV207M + rtS213T + rtS256G) or quadruple mt (rtL180M + rtM204V + rtV207I/M) for LMV-ADF resistance and Entecavir-reduced susceptibility. Our data indicate that significantly higher frequencies of LMV and ADF-associated mutations were found in treatment-naïve children infected with HBV genotypes B and C, respectively. The developed COLD-PCR method and obtained data may contribute to the development of suitable treatments for children with CHB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Thi Bich Phung
- Department of Research in Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi 10, Vietnam; (T.T.B.P.); (H.M.N.)
| | - Son Van Chu
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi 10, Vietnam; (S.V.C.); (S.T.V.); (H.T.P.)
| | - Son Thien Vu
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi 10, Vietnam; (S.V.C.); (S.T.V.); (H.T.P.)
| | - Hanh Thi Pham
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi 10, Vietnam; (S.V.C.); (S.T.V.); (H.T.P.)
| | - Hang Minh Nguyen
- Department of Research in Molecular Biology for Infectious Diseases, National Children’s Hospital, Hanoi 10, Vietnam; (T.T.B.P.); (H.M.N.)
| | - Hoan Dang Nguyen
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology-Nutrition-Infectious Diseases, Saint-Paul Hospital, Hanoi 10, Vietnam;
| | - Ngan Thi Le
- Department of Microbiology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 10, Vietnam; (N.T.L.); (P.T.T.); (V.T.T.V.)
| | - Dung Van Nguyen
- Center for Tropical Diseases, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 10, Vietnam;
| | - Phuong Thai Truong
- Department of Microbiology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 10, Vietnam; (N.T.L.); (P.T.T.); (V.T.T.V.)
| | - Van Thi Tuong Vu
- Department of Microbiology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 10, Vietnam; (N.T.L.); (P.T.T.); (V.T.T.V.)
| | - Anh Thi Van Nguyen
- Key Laboratory of Enzyme and Protein Technology, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University Hanoi, Hanoi 10, Vietnam; (S.V.C.); (S.T.V.); (H.T.P.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Nguyen TTM, Lafond KE, Nguyen TX, Tran PD, Nguyen HM, Ha VTC, Do TT, Ha NT, Seward JF, McFarland JW. Acceptability of seasonal influenza vaccines among health care workers in Vietnam in 2017. Vaccine 2020; 38:2045-2050. [PMID: 32001072 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A demonstration project in Vietnam provided 11,000 doses of human seasonal influenza vaccine free of charge to healthcare workers (HCWs) in 4 provinces of Vietnam. Through this project, we conducted an acceptability survey to identify the main reasons that individuals chose to be vaccinated or not to inform and improve future immunization activities. METHODS We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey from May to August 2017 among HCWs at 13 selected health facilities. We employed logistic regression to determine the association between demographic and professional factors, and the decision to receive seasonal influenza vaccine. We performed post-hoc pairwise comparisons among reasons for and against vaccination using Chi square and Fisher's exact tests (for cell sizes <5). RESULTS A total of 1,450 HCWs participated in the survey, with a higher proportion of females than males (74% versus 26%). The median age of the participating HCWs was 35 years (median range 25.8-44.2). Among those surveyed, 700 (48%) HCWs were vaccinated against seasonal influenza during the first half of 2017. Younger HCWs under 30 and 30-39 years old were less likely to get vaccinated against seasonal influenza than HCWs ≥50 years old (OR = 0.5; 95%CI 0.4-0.8 and OR = 0.6; 95%CI 0.4-0.8 respectively). Nurses and other employees were more likely to get seasonal influenza vaccination than physicians (OR = 1.5; 95%CI 1.0-2.4 and OR = 2.0; 95%CI 1.2-3.2 respectively). The most common reason for accepting vaccination was fear of getting influenza (66%) and the most common reason for not getting vaccinated was concern about vaccine side effects (23%). CONCLUSION Acceptability of seasonal influenza vaccines in this setting varied among HCWs by age group and job category. Interventions to increase acceptance of vaccine among HCWs in this setting where influenza vaccine is being introduced free for the first time should include targeted risk communication on vaccine safety and efficacy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thoa Thi Minh Nguyen
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - Kathryn E Lafond
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Tung Xuan Nguyen
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Phu Dac Tran
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Hang Minh Nguyen
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Van Thi Cam Ha
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thu Thi Do
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Nga Thu Ha
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Jeffrey W McFarland
- Influenza Division, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Légeret B, Schulz-Raffelt M, Nguyen HM, Auroy P, Beisson F, Peltier G, Blanc G, Li-Beisson Y. Lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii under heat stress unveil a direct route for the conversion of membrane lipids into storage lipids. Plant Cell Environ 2016; 39:834-47. [PMID: 26477535 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2015] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Studying how photosynthetic cells modify membrane lipids in response to heat stress is important to understand how plants and microalgae adapt to daily fluctuations in temperature and to investigate new lipid pathways. Here, we investigate changes occurring in lipid molecular species and lipid metabolism genes during early response to heat stress in the model photosynthetic microorganism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Lipid molecular species analyses revealed that, after 60 min at 42 °C, a strong decrease in specific polyunsaturated membrane lipids was observed together with an increase in polyunsaturated triacylglycerols (TAGs) and diacylglycerols (DAGs). The fact that decrease in the major chloroplastic monogalactosyldiacylglycerol sn1-18:3/sn2-16:4 was mirrored by an accumulation of DAG sn1-18:3/sn2-16:4 and TAG sn1-18:3/sn2-16:4/sn3-18:3 indicated that newly accumulated TAGs were formed via direct conversion of monogalactosyldiacylglycerols to DAGs then TAGs. Lipidomic analyses showed that the third fatty acid of a TAG likely originated from a phosphatidylethanolamine or a diacylglyceryl-O-4'-(N,N,N,-trimethyl)-homoserine betaine lipid species. Candidate genes for this TAG synthesis pathway were provided through comparative transcriptomic analysis and included a phospholipase A2 homolog and the DAG acyltransferase DGTT1. This study gives insights into the molecular events underlying changes in membrane lipids during heat stress and reveals an alternative route for TAG synthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Légeret
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265, Marseille, France
| | - M Schulz-Raffelt
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265, Marseille, France
| | - H M Nguyen
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265, Marseille, France
| | - P Auroy
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265, Marseille, France
| | - F Beisson
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265, Marseille, France
| | - G Peltier
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265, Marseille, France
| | - G Blanc
- Laboratoire Information Génomique & Structurale, UMR7256 (IMM FR3479) CNRS Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Y Li-Beisson
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut de Biologie Environnementale et Biotechnologie, CEA Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7265, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
- Aix-Marseille Université, UMR7265, Marseille, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sy BT, Nguyen HM, Toan NL, Song LH, Tong HV, Wolboldt C, Binh VQ, Kremsner PG, Velavan TP, Bock CT. Identification of a natural intergenotypic recombinant hepatitis delta virus genotype 1 and 2 in Vietnamese HBsAg-positive patients. J Viral Hepat 2015; 22:55-63. [PMID: 24548489 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Hepatitis D virus (HDV) infection is acquired as a co- /superinfection of Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and can modulate the pathophysiology of chronic hepatitis B and related liver diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma. Among the eight distinct HDV genotypes reported, relatively few studies have attempted to investigate the prevalence of HDV mixed genotypes and RNA recombination of HDV. With a recorded prevalence of 10-20% HBV infection in Vietnam, this study investigated the HDV variability, HDV genotypes and HDV recombination among twenty-one HDV isolates in Vietnamese HBsAg-positive patients. HDV subgenomic and full-length genome sequences were obtained using newly established HDV-specific RT-PCR techniques. The nucleotide homology was observed from 74.6% to 99.4% among the investigated full-length genome of the HDV isolates. We observed HDV genotype 1 and HDV genotype 2 in the investigated Vietnamese patients. Although no HDV genotype mixtures were observed, we report here a newly identified recombinant of HDV genotypes (HDV 1 and HDV 2). The identified recombinant HDV isolate C03 revealed sequence homology to both HDV genotype 1 (nt1 to nt907) and HDV genotype 2 (nt908 to nt1675; HDAg coding region) with a breakpoint at nt908. Our findings demonstrate the prevalence of intergenotypic recombination between HDV genotypes 1 and 2 in a Vietnamese HBsAg-positive patient. Extended investigation on the distribution and prevalence of HDV, HDV mixed genotypes and recombinant HDV genotypes in a larger Vietnamese population offers vital insights into understanding of the micro-epidemiology of HDV and subsequent pathophysiology in chronic HBV- /HDV-related liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B T Sy
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Viet Nam
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nishijo M, Pham TT, Nguyen ATN, Tran NN, Nakagawa H, Hoang LV, Tran AH, Morikawa Y, Ho MD, Kido T, Nguyen MN, Nguyen HM, Nishijo H. 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin in breast milk increases autistic traits of 3-year-old children in Vietnam. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:1220-6. [PMID: 24637425 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2014.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 01/18/2014] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Dioxin levels in the breast milk of mothers residing near a contaminated former airbase in Vietnam remain much higher than in unsprayed areas, suggesting high perinatal dioxin exposure for their infants. The present study investigated the association of perinatal dioxin exposure with autistic traits in 153 3-year-old children living in a contaminated area in Vietnam. The children were followed up from birth using the neurodevelopmental battery Bayley-III. The high-2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) exposed groups (⩾3.5 pg per g fat) showed significantly higher Autism Spectrum Rating Scale (ASRS) scores for both boys and girls than the mild-TCDD exposed groups, without differences in neurodevelopmental scores. In contrast, the high total dioxin-exposed group, indicated by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDDs/Fs)--the toxic equivalents (TEQ) levels⩾17.9 pg-TEQ per g fat, had significantly lower neurodevelopmental scores than the mild-exposed group in boys, but there was no difference in the ASRS scores. The present study demonstrates a specific impact of perinatal TCDD on autistic traits in childhood, which is different from the neurotoxicity of total dioxins (PCDDs/Fs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Nishijo
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T T Pham
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - A T N Nguyen
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - N N Tran
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - H Nakagawa
- Department of Public Health, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - L V Hoang
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - A H Tran
- Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Y Morikawa
- School of Nursing, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - M D Ho
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - T Kido
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - M N Nguyen
- 1] Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam [2] System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - H M Nguyen
- 1] Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Center, Vietnam Military Medical University, Ha Noi, Vietnam [2] System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - H Nishijo
- System Emotional Science, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Science, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nguyen HM, Hwang IC, Kweon DK, Park HJ. Enhanced payload of lipid nanocarriers using supersaturated solution prepared by solvent-mediated method. J Microencapsul 2013; 30:657-66. [PMID: 23425086 DOI: 10.3109/02652048.2013.774445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to effectively enhance the payload for nanocarriers, supersaturated deltamethrin (SSD) solution was prepared using the solvent-mediated method to produce lipid nanocarriers by a combination method of homogenization and sonication. In this study, deltamethrin was used as an active ingredient, corn oil was used as a lipid medium, soybean lecithin and Tween-80 were used as surfactants. At 25°C, the solubility of deltamethrin in SSD solution prepared by solvent-mediated method was 3.4 times and 1.5 times higher than that in saturated deltamethrin (SD) solution and that in SSD solution prepared by thermal-mediated method, respectively. Therefore, compared to the use of SD solution for the production of nanocarriers, the use of SSD solution significantly enhanced the payload, while keeping the encapsulation efficiency high. Particularly, nanocarriers produced from SSD solution prepared by solvent-mediated method had the higher payload of 2.1 times and 4.4 times compared with preparations using SSD solution prepared by thermal-mediated method and SD solution, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Nguyen
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University , Seoul , South Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Nguyen HM, Schiavoni A, Scott KD, Tanios MA. Implementation of sepsis management guideline in a community-based teaching hospital - can education be potentially beneficial for septic patients? Int J Clin Pract 2012; 66:705-10. [PMID: 22698423 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-1241.2012.02939.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess clinical outcomes associated with the implementation of the sepsis management guideline in a community-based hospital. In addition, evaluate the utility and effectiveness of a Sepsis Education Program. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS This is an observational cohort study of patients presenting to the Emergency Department at a community-based teaching centre meeting severe sepsis or septic shock criteria. A quality improvement programme consisting of a comprehensive Sepsis Education Program based on recommendations from the Surviving Sepsis Campaign was implemented and evaluated. Patients were identify by the admission diagnosis and were evaluated over two time periods (7/2003-6/2004 and 7/2005-6/2006) and to show clinical outcomes before and after implementation of the sepsis guideline/quality improvement programme. RESULTS A total of 96 patients with severe sepsis (34 control group and 62 SSC group) were included. Both groups had similar intensive care unit (ICU)-length of stay (3 vs. 3 days, p = 0.647). Patients who required mechanical ventilation (MV) had similar MV time (4 vs. 3.5 days p = 0.349). A greater percentage of survival was found in the SSC group [45% vs. 73% (p = 0.006)]. Patient received similar care with regards to appropriate early antibiotics (85% vs. 90%, p 0.459). The main difference between the two group was the early fluid resuscitation (2 l vs. 3 l, p = 0.006) over the first 3 h and a difference remained significant at 6 h (4.2 l vs. 6.3 l, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS In a community based teaching hospital, implementing the surviving sepsis campaign guideline through an education programme was feasible and resulted in early therapy with aggressive fluid administration and appropriate antibiotics. The Sepsis Education Program resulted in early therapeutic interventions and contributed to the survival benefits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Nguyen
- Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Pomona, CA, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reviewing the current literature to guide clinicians managing medications in the setting of liver disease. LITERATURE SOURCES Using the terms liver disease, medication management, and therapeutic monitoring, a literature review was conducted to identify peer-reviewed articles in MEDLINE (1966-April 2009). Reference citations were reviewed as an additional resource. Published English-language literatures, articles and trials were reviewed. Emphasis was placed on prospective, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trials. QUESTION SYNTHESIS An informed decision on how to manage medications in the setting of liver disease should account for changes that transpire in a medication's first-pass metabolism, protein binding, volume of distribution, clearance and pharmacodynamic interactions. To incorporate these issues within one's thought process, clinicians can utilise the following six questions to evaluate a medication use: (i) Is the patient experiencing acute or chronic liver failure? (ii) Does the drug have high hepatic first-pass metabolism? (iii) Is the medication highly protein-bound? (iv) Is there a change in the volume of distribution for the medication? (v) Is the clearance of the medication significantly altered? and (vi) Is there a pharmacodynamic interaction with the medication? CONCLUSIONS The introduction and use of six clinically relevant questions in the setting of liver disease can serve as a guide to clinicians who manage patients with liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Nguyen
- Pharmacy Practice, Western University of Health Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Pomona, CA 91766-1854, USA.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Nesiritide is a new vasodilator approved for decompensated heart failure (DHF). Compared with nitroglycerin, nesiritide improves haemodynamics and symptoms in the first 3 h of therapy. However, nesiritide is more expensive than nitroglycerin (US$380-1500 daily vs. US$2-5 daily). Since its approval in the US in late 2001, nesiritide use has increased dramatically in our institution. Nesiritide has become a focus of our multidisciplinary drug utilization initiative, aimed at performing a nesiritide utilization evaluation (NUE) and developing a nesiritide usage guideline. METHODS Medical records of patients who received nesiritide from 1 October 2003 to 31 March 2004 were reviewed. Nesiritide utilization pattern was presented to the initiative group for guideline development. RESULTS A total of 162 records were reviewed. A 22.6% of inappropriate usage was reported. The most significant inappropriate usage was in patients who received the agent for precardiac valvular surgery optimization, followed by those for diuresis in non-cardiac-related fluid overload states. The median duration of nesiritide therapy was 6 days (range 1-94). The median length of stay (LOS) in our institution was 14 days (National statistics DHF LOS: 5.3 days). Eliminating inappropriate nesiritide usage can lead to a potential of US$141 886 savings per year. CONCLUSION Based on the results, a 48-h nesiritide restriction policy was implemented. Usage beyond 48 h requires Heart Failure Service approval. Future NUE will evaluate the effectiveness of this policy. The overall management of DHF also needs to be evaluated to improve efficiency of care.
Collapse
|
12
|
Abstract
The development of a new method for glycosylation with 1-hydroxy glycosyl donors employing dialkyl sulfonium reagents is described. The process employs the reagent combination of a dialkyl sulfide and triflic anhydride to effect anomeric bond constructions. This controlled dehydrative coupling of various C(1)-hemiacetal glycosyl donors and nucleophilic acceptors proceeds by way of a sulfide-to-sulfoxide oxidation process in which triflic anhydride serves as the oxidant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H M Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Roger Adams Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Nguyen HM. Age at first marriage in Viet Nam: patterns and determinants. Asia Pac Popul J 1997; 12:49-74. [PMID: 12348100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
Abstract
"Using data from the 1991 Viet Nam Life History Survey, this article examines the patterns and determinants of age at first marriage. It shows that socio-economic and political changes during the last few decades are associated with a shift to older ages of first marriage. It identifies regional variations and discusses the significant impact of warfare on the country's age patterns of marriage. It concludes by bringing out the implications of the study for policy purposes." The full text is of this article is available electronically through www.undp.org/popin.
Collapse
|
14
|
Hsu CC, Walsh AJ, Nguyen HM, Overcashier DE, Koning-Bastiaan H, Bailey RC, Nail SL. Design and application of a low-temperature Peltier-cooling microscope stage. J Pharm Sci 1996; 85:70-4. [PMID: 8926587 DOI: 10.1021/js950255o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A light microscopy system has been designed for freezing and lyophilization studies of protein pharmaceuticals. The system consists of a cascade of four Peltier thermoelectric modules in the lyophilization cell to freeze samples to -60 degrees C, controllers to regulate temperature and pressure conditions, and a video camera to record the events under study. Specific demonstration of the system was conducted using recombinant CD4-IgG and human growth hormone (hGH) as model proteins. Observations of recrystallization during warming of frozen CD4-IgG solution and lyophilization of hGH solution are discussed. These examples demonstrate that the system is a useful tool for the fundamental understanding of freezing and lyophilization of protein pharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research, Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hsu CC, Nguyen HM, Yeung DA, Brooks DA, Koe GS, Bewley TA, Pearlman R. Surface denaturation at solid-void interface--a possible pathway by which opalescent particulates form during the storage of lyophilized tissue-type plasminogen activator at high temperatures. Pharm Res 1995; 12:69-77. [PMID: 7724490 DOI: 10.1023/a:1016270103863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
During protein lyophilization, it is common practice to complete the freezing step as fast as possible in order to avoid protein denaturation, as well as to obtain a final product of uniform quality. We report a contradictory observation made during lyophilization of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) formulated in arginine. Fast cooling during lyophilization resulted in a lyophilized product that yielded more opalescent particulates upon long term storage at 50 degrees C, under a 150 mTorr nitrogen seal gas environment. Fast cooling also resulted in a lyophilized cake with a large internal surface area. Studies on lyophilized products containing 1% (w/w) residual moisture and varying cake surface areas (0.22-1.78 m2/gm) revealed that all lyophilized cakes were in an amorphous state with similar glass transition temperatures (103-105 degrees C). However, during storage the rate of opalescent particulate formation in the lyophilized product (as determined by UV optical density measurement in the 360 to 340 nm range for the reconstituted solution) was proportional to the cake surface area. We suggest that this is a surface-related phenomenon in which the protein at the solid-void interface of the lyophilized cake denatures during storage at elevated temperatures. Irreversible denaturation at the ice-liquid interface during freezing in lyophilization is unlikely to occur, since repeated freezing/thawing did not show any adverse effect on the protein. Infrared spectroscopic analysis could not determine whether protein, upon lyophilization, at the solid-void interface would still be in a native form.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C C Hsu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Genentech Inc., South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|