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Heida A, van Dijk T, Smit M, Koehorst M, Koster M, Kloosterhuis N, Havinga R, Bloks VW, Wolters JC, de Bruin A, Kuivenhoven JA, de Boer JF, Kuipers F, van de Sluis B. Changes in bile acid composition are correlated with reduced intestinal cholesterol uptake in intestine-specific WASH-deficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159445. [PMID: 38086439 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and SCAR homolog (WASH) complex is a pentameric protein complex localized at endosomes, where it facilitates the transport of numerous receptors from endosomes toward the plasma membrane. Recent studies have shown that the WASH complex plays an essential role in cholesterol and glucose homeostasis in humans and mice. To investigate the physiological importance of intestinal WASH, we ablated the WASH component WASHC1 specifically in murine enterocytes. Male and female intestine-specific WASHC1-deficient mice (Washc1IKO) were challenged with either a standard chow diet or a high-cholesterol (1.25 %) diet (HCD). Washc1IKO mice fed a standard diet did not present any apparent phenotype, but when fed an HCD, their hepatic cholesterol levels were ~ 50 % lower compared to those observed in control mice. The intestinal cholesterol absorption was almost 2-fold decreased in Washc1IKO mice, which translated into increased fecal neutral sterol loss. The intestinal expression of cholesterogenic genes, such as Hmgcs1, Hmgcr, and Ldlr, was significantly higher in Washc1IKO mice than in control mice and correlated with increased whole-body de novo cholesterol synthesis, likely to compensate for impaired intestinal cholesterol absorption. Unexpectedly, the ratio of biliary 12α-/non-12α-hydroxylated bile acids (BAs) was decreased in Washc1IKO mice and reversing this reduced ratio by feeding the mice with the HCD supplemented with 0.5 % (w/w) sodium cholate normalized the improvement of hepatic cholesterol levels in Washc1IKO mice. Our data indicate that the intestinal WASH complex plays an important role in intestinal cholesterol absorption, likely by modulating biliary BA composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries Heida
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo van Dijk
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke Smit
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Koster
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels Kloosterhuis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Albert Kuivenhoven
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jan Freark de Boer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Heida A, Gruben N, Catrysse L, Koehorst M, Koster M, Kloosterhuis NJ, Gerding A, Havinga R, Bloks VW, Bongiovanni L, Wolters JC, van Dijk T, van Loo G, de Bruin A, Kuipers F, Koonen DPY, van de Sluis B. The hepatocyte IKK:NF-κB axis promotes liver steatosis by stimulating de novo lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101349. [PMID: 34626855 PMCID: PMC8581577 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity-related chronic inflammation plays an important role in the development of Metabolic Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD). Although the contribution of the pro-inflammatory NF-κB signaling pathway to the progression from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is well-established, its role as an initiator of hepatic steatosis and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that the hepatocytic NF-κB signaling pathway acts as a metabolic regulator, thereby promoting hepatic steatosis development. METHODS A murine model expressing a constitutively active form of IKKβ in hepatocytes (Hep-IKKβca) was used to activate hepatocyte NF-κB. In addition, IKKβca was also expressed in hepatocyte A20-deficient mice (IKKβca;A20LKO). A20 is an NF-κB-target gene that inhibits the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway upstream of IKKβ. These mouse models were fed a sucrose-rich diet for 8 weeks. Hepatic lipid levels were measured and using [1-13C]-acetate de novo lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis rate were determined. Gene expression analyses and immunoblotting were used to study the lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis pathways. RESULTS Hepatocytic NF-κB activation by expressing IKKβca in hepatocytes resulted in hepatic steatosis without inflammation. Ablation of hepatocyte A20 in Hep-IKKβca mice (IKKβca;A20LKO mice) exacerbated hepatic steatosis, characterized by macrovesicular accumulation of triglycerides and cholesterol, and increased plasma cholesterol levels. Both De novo lipogenesis (DNL) and cholesterol synthesis were found elevated in IKKβca;A20LKO mice. Phosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) - a suppressor in lipogenesis and cholesterol synthesis - was decreased in IKKβca;A20LKO mice. This was paralleled by elevated protein levels of hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase 1 (HMGCS1) and reduced phosphorylation of HMG-CoA reductase (HMGCR) both key enzymes in the cholesterol synthesis pathway. Whereas inflammation was not observed in young IKKβca;A20LKO mice sustained hepatic NF-κB activation resulted in liver inflammation, together with elevated hepatic and plasma cholesterol levels in middle-aged mice. CONCLUSIONS The hepatocytic IKK:NF-κB axis is a metabolic regulator by controlling DNL and cholesterol synthesis, independent of its central role in inflammation. The IKK:NF-κB axis controls the phosphorylation levels of AMPK and HMGCR and the protein levels of HMGCS1. Chronic IKK-mediated NF-κB activation may contribute to the initiation of hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular disease risk in MAFLD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andries Heida
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nanda Gruben
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leen Catrysse
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Koster
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Niels J Kloosterhuis
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rick Havinga
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent W Bloks
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Bongiovanni
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands; Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Theo van Dijk
- Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Geert van Loo
- VIB Inflammation Research Center, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium; Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Alain de Bruin
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert Kuipers
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Departments of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Debby P Y Koonen
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Bart van de Sluis
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Bandsma RHJ, Spoelstra MN, Mari A, Mendel M, van Rheenen PF, Senga E, van Dijk T, Heikens GT. Impaired glucose absorption in children with severe malnutrition. J Pediatr 2011; 158:282-7.e1. [PMID: 20843523 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2010.07.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2010] [Revised: 06/28/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify intestinal glucose absorption in children with two types of severe malnutrition, kwashiorkor and marasmus, compared with healthy children. STUDY DESIGN Children with kwashiorkor (n = 6) and marasmus (n = 9) and control subjects (n = 3) received a primed (13 mg/kg), constant infusion (0.15 mg/kg/min) of [6,6H2]glucose for 4.5 hours. Two hours after start of the infusion an oral bolus of glucose 1.75 g/kg labeled with [U-13C]glucose 10 mg/g was given and was followed by periodic blood sampling. Mathematical modeling was applied to determine oral glucose absorption. RESULTS Median total glucose absorption was 5.9 mmol/kg, interquartile range (IQR) 4.5-6.7 mmol/kg and 4.4 (IQR 2.9-5.9) mmol/kg in children with kwashiorkor and marasmus compared with 7.7 (IQR 5.8-9.0) mmol/kg in control subjects; P = .03 compared with marasmus). Children with the lowest glucose absorption were found specifically in the kwashiorkor group and marasmic children with hypoalbuminemia. Severe impairment in absorption correlated with urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine secretion (r = -0.62, P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Severe malnutrition is associated with an impaired glucose absorption and decreased glucose absorption correlates with oxidative stress in these children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert H J Bandsma
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Malawi, Blantyre, Malawi.
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Cariou B, van Harmelen K, Duran-Sandoval D, van Dijk T, Grefhorst A, Bouchaert E, Fruchart JC, Gonzalez FJ, Kuipers F, Staels B. Transient impairment of the adaptive response to fasting in FXR-deficient mice. FEBS Lett 2005; 579:4076-80. [PMID: 16023103 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2005.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2005] [Accepted: 06/17/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR) has been suggested to play a role in gluconeogenesis. To determine whether FXR modulates the response to fasting in vivo, FXR-deficient (FXR-/-) and wild-type mice were submitted to fasting for 48 h. Our results demonstrate that FXR modulates the kinetics of alterations of glucose homeostasis during fasting, with FXR-/- mice displaying an early, accelerated hypoglycaemia response. Basal hepatic glucose production rate was lower in FXR-/- mice, together with a decrease in hepatic glycogen content. Moreover, hepatic PEPCK gene expression was transiently lower in FXR-/- mice after 6h of fasting and was decreased in FXR-/- hepatocytes. FXR therefore plays an unexpected role in the control of fuel availability upon fasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bertrand Cariou
- Research Unit 545 INSERM, Atherosclerosis Department, Pasteur Institute of Lille, Faculty of Pharmacy, Lille2 University, Lille, France
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Renfurm LN, Bandsma RHJ, Verkade HJ, Hulzebos CV, van Dijk T, Boer T, Stellaard F, Kuipers F, Sauer PJJ. Cholesterol synthesis and de novo lipogenesis in premature infants determined by mass isotopomer distribution analysis. Pediatr Res 2004; 56:602-7. [PMID: 15295085 DOI: 10.1203/01.pdr.0000139482.88468.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Premature infants change from placental supply of mainly carbohydrates to an enteral supply of mainly lipids earlier in their development than term infants. The metabolic consequences hereof are not known but might have long-lasting health effects. In fact, knowledge of lipid metabolism in premature infants is very limited. We have quantified de novo lipogenesis and cholesterogenesis on d 3 of life in seven premature infants (birth weight, 1319 +/- 417 g; gestational age, 30 +/- 2 wk). For comparison, five healthy adult subjects were also studied. All subjects received a 12-h [1-(13)C] acetate infusion, followed by mass isotopomer distribution analysis (MIDA) on lipoprotein-palmitate and plasma unesterified cholesterol. The fraction of lipoprotein-palmitate synthesized at the end of the infusion period was 5.4 +/- 3.9% in infants, which was in the same range as found in adult subjects on a normal diet, suggesting that hepatic de novo lipogenesis is not a major contributor to fat accumulation in these premature neonates. The fractional contribution of newly synthesized cholesterol to plasma unesterified cholesterol was 7.4 +/- 1.3% after a 12-h infusion. The calculated rate of endogenous cholesterol synthesis was 31 +/- 7 mg/kg/d, a value approximately three times higher than that found in adult subjects (10 +/- 6 mg/kg/d). These results indicate that the cholesterol-synthesizing machinery is well developed in premature infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorraine N Renfurm
- Groningen University Institute for Drug Exploration, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
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