1
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Wu DT, Zhu WX, Dong Y, Daboczi M, Ham G, Hsieh HJ, Huang CJ, Xu W, Henderson C, Kim JS, Eslava S, Cha H, Macdonald TJ, Lin CT. Enhancing the Efficiency and Stability of Tin-Lead Perovskite Solar Cells via Sodium Hydroxide Dedoping of PEDOT:PSS. Small Methods 2024:e2400302. [PMID: 38634222 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have gained interest as candidates for the bottom cell of all-perovskite tandem solar cells due to their broad absorption of the solar spectrum. A notable challenge arises from the prevalent use of the hole transport layer, PEDOT:PSS, known for its inherently high doping level. This high doping level can lead to interfacial recombination, imposing a significant limitation on efficiency. Herein, NaOH is used to dedope PEDOT:PSS, with the aim of enhancing the efficiency of Sn-Pb PSCs. Secondary ion mass spectrometer profiles indicate that sodium ions diffuse into the perovskite layer, improving its crystallinity and enlarging its grains. Comprehensive evaluations, including photoluminescence and nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy, confirm that dedoping significantly reduces interfacial recombination, resulting in an open-circuit voltage as high as 0.90 V. Additionally, dedoping PEDOT:PSS leads to increased shunt resistance and high fill factor up to 0.81. As a result of these improvements, the power conversion efficiency is enhanced from 19.7% to 22.6%. Utilizing NaOH to dedope PEDOT:PSS also transitions its nature from acidic to basic, enhancing stability and exhibiting less than a 7% power conversion efficiency loss after 1176 h of storage in N2 atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Tai Wu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Xian Zhu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Yueyao Dong
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Matyas Daboczi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Gayoung Ham
- Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Hsing-Jung Hsieh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Jing Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge, CB3 0AS, UK
| | - Charlie Henderson
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ji-Seon Kim
- Department of Physics and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Salvador Eslava
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Hyojung Cha
- Department of Energy Convergence and Climate Change, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Road, Taichung, 402-27, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City, 402, Taiwan
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2
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Kerr R, Macdonald TJ, Tanner AJ, Yu J, Davies JA, Fielding HH, Thornton G. Zero Threshold for Water Adsorption on MAPbBr 3. Small 2023; 19:e2301014. [PMID: 37267942 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202301014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have shown great promise in a wide range of optoelectronic applications. However, this performance is inhibited by the sensitivity of HOIPs to various environmental factors, particularly high levels of relative humidity. This study uses X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to determine that there is essentially no threshold to water adsorption on the in situ cleaved MAPbBr3 (001) single crystal surface. Using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), it shows that the initial surface restructuring upon exposure to water vapor occurs in isolated regions, which grow in area with increasing exposure, providing insight into the initial degradation mechanism of HOIPs. The electronic structure evolution of the surface was also monitored via ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS), evidencing an increased bandgap state density following water vapor exposure, which is attributed to surface defect formation due to lattice swelling. This study will help to inform the surface engineering and designs of future perovskite-based optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Kerr
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry & Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- School of Engineering & Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Alex J Tanner
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Jiangdong Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
| | - Julia A Davies
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Helen H Fielding
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Geoff Thornton
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology, University College London, London, WC1H 0AH, UK
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3
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Zhang FF, Aw E, Eaton AG, Shutt RRC, Lim J, Kim JH, Macdonald TJ, Reyes CIIIDL, Ashoka A, Pandya R, Payton OD, Picco L, Knapp CE, Corà F, Rao A, Howard CA, Clancy AJ. Production of Magnetic Arsenic-Phosphorus Alloy Nanoribbons with Small Band Gaps and High Hole Conductivities. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:18286-18295. [PMID: 37551934 PMCID: PMC10450688 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Abstract
Quasi-1D nanoribbons provide a unique route to diversifying the properties of their parent 2D nanomaterial, introducing lateral quantum confinement and an abundance of edge sites. Here, a new family of nanomaterials is opened with the creation of arsenic-phosphorus alloy nanoribbons (AsPNRs). By ionically etching the layered crystal black arsenic-phosphorus using lithium electride followed by dissolution in amidic solvents, solutions of AsPNRs are formed. The ribbons are typically few-layered, several micrometers long with widths tens of nanometers across, and both highly flexible and crystalline. The AsPNRs are highly electrically conducting above 130 K due to their small band gap (ca. 0.035 eV), paramagnetic in nature, and have high hole mobilities, as measured with the first generation of AsP devices, directly highlighting their properties and utility in electronic devices such as near-infrared detectors, quantum computing, and charge carrier layers in solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Fei Zhang
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Eva Aw
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Alexander G. Eaton
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Rebecca R. C. Shutt
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Juhwan Lim
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Jung Ho Kim
- Department
of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FS, U.K.
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen
Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, U.K.
| | | | - Arjun Ashoka
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Raj Pandya
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
- Laboratoire
Kastler Brossel, ENS-Université PSL, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Oliver D. Payton
- Interface
Analysis Centre, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, U.K.
| | - Loren Picco
- Interface
Analysis Centre, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 1TL, U.K.
| | - Caroline E. Knapp
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Furio Corà
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Christopher A. Howard
- Department
of Physics and Astronomy, University College
London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
| | - Adam J. Clancy
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, U.K.
- Cavendish
Laboratory, Department of Physics University
of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, U.K.
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4
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Guo F, Macdonald TJ, Sobrido AJ, Liu L, Feng J, He G. Recent Advances in Ultralow-Pt-Loading Electrocatalysts for the Efficient Hydrogen Evolution. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2023:e2301098. [PMID: 37162251 PMCID: PMC10375096 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202301098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen production from water electrolysis provides a green and sustainable route. Platinum (Pt)-based materials have been regarded as efficient electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the large-scale commercialization of Pt-based catalysts suffers from the high cost. Therefore, ultralow-Pt-loading electrocatalysts, which can reach the balance of low cost and high HER performance, have attracted much attention. In this review, representative promising synthetic strategies, including wet chemistry, annealing, electrochemistry, photochemistry, and atomic layer deposition are summarized. Further, the interaction between different electrocatalyst components (transition metals and their derivatives) and Pt is discussed. Notably, this interaction can effectively accelerate the kinetics of the HER, enhancing the catalytic activity. At last, current challenges and future perspectives are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Guo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Materials Research Institute, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Materials Research Institute, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Ana Jorge Sobrido
- Materials Research Institute, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Longxiang Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Jianrui Feng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Guanjie He
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
- Materials Research Institute, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK
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5
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Lanzetta L, Webb T, Marin-Beloqui JM, Macdonald TJ, Haque SA. Halide Chemistry in Tin Perovskite Optoelectronics: Bottlenecks and Opportunities. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202213966. [PMID: 36369761 PMCID: PMC10107305 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202213966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Tin halide perovskites (Sn HaPs) are the top lead-free choice for perovskite optoelectronics, but the oxidation of perovskite Sn2+ to Sn4+ remains a key challenge. However, the role of inconspicuous chemical processes remains underexplored. Specifically, the halide component in Sn HaPs (typically iodide) has been shown to play a key role in dictating device performance and stability due to its high reactivity. Here we describe the impact of native halide chemistry on Sn HaPs. Specifically, molecular halogen formation in Sn HaPs and its influence on degradation is reviewed, emphasising the benefits of iodide substitution for improving stability. Next, the ecological impact of halide products of Sn HaP degradation and its mitigation are considered. The development of visible Sn HaP emitters via halide tuning is also summarised. Lastly, halide defect management and interfacial engineering for Sn HaP devices are discussed. These insights will inspire efficient and robust Sn HaP optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Lanzetta
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, KAUST Solar Center (KSC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Webb
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Jose Manuel Marin-Beloqui
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Málaga, Andalucia-Tech Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071, Málaga, Spain
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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6
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Macdonald TJ, Lanzetta L, Liang X, Ding D, Haque SA. Engineering Stable Lead-Free Tin Halide Perovskite Solar Cells: Lessons from Materials Chemistry. Adv Mater 2022:e2206684. [PMID: 36458662 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202206684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Substituting toxic lead with tin (Sn) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is the most promising route toward the development of high-efficiency lead-free devices. Despite the encouraging efficiencies of Sn-PSCs, they are still yet to surpass 15% and suffer detrimental oxidation of Sn(II) to Sn(IV). Since their first application in 2014, investigations into the properties of Sn-PSCs have contributed to a growing understanding of the mechanisms, both detrimental and complementary to their stability. This review summarizes the evolution of Sn-PSCs, including early developments to the latest state-of-the-art approaches benefitting the stability of devices. The degradation pathways associated with Sn-PSCs are first outlined, followed by describing how composition engineering (A, B site modifications), additive engineering (oxidation prevention), and interface engineering (passivation strategies) can be employed as different avenues to improve the stability of devices. The knowledge about these properties is also not limited to PSCs and also applicable to other types of devices now employing Sn-based perovskite absorber layers. A detailed analysis of the properties and materials chemistry reveals a clear set of design rules for the development of stable Sn-PSCs. Applying the design strategies highlighted in this review will be essential to further improve both the efficiency and stability of Sn-PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Luis Lanzetta
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Xinxing Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Dong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ, UK
- Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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7
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Batmunkh M, Macdonald TJ, Peveler WJ, Bati ASR, Carmalt CJ, Parkin IP, Shapter JG. Corrigendum: Plasmonic Gold Nanostars Incorporated into High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. ChemSusChem 2022; 15:e202200949. [PMID: 35616187 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202200949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
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8
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Du T, Macdonald TJ, Yang RX, Li M, Jiang Z, Mohan L, Xu W, Su Z, Gao X, Whiteley R, Lin CT, Min G, Haque SA, Durrant JR, Persson KA, McLachlan MA, Briscoe J. Additive-Free, Low-Temperature Crystallization of Stable α-FAPbI 3 Perovskite. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2107850. [PMID: 34894160 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Formamidinium lead triiodide (FAPbI3 ) is attractive for photovoltaic devices due to its optimal bandgap at around 1.45 eV and improved thermal stability compared with methylammonium-based perovskites. Crystallization of phase-pure α-FAPbI3 conventionally requires high-temperature thermal annealing at 150 °C whilst the obtained α-FAPbI3 is metastable at room temperature. Here, aerosol-assisted crystallization (AAC) is reported, which converts yellow δ-FAPbI3 into black α-FAPbI3 at only 100 °C using precursor solutions containing only lead iodide and formamidinium iodide with no chemical additives. The obtained α-FAPbI3 exhibits remarkably enhanced stability compared to the 150 °C annealed counterparts, in combination with improvements in film crystallinity and photoluminescence yield. Using X-ray diffraction, X-ray scattering, and density functional theory simulation, it is identified that relaxation of residual tensile strains, achieved through the lower annealing temperature and post-crystallization crystal growth during AAC, is the key factor that facilitates the formation of phase-stable α-FAPbI3 . This overcomes the strain-induced lattice expansion that is known to cause the metastability of α-FAPbI3 . Accordingly, pure FAPbI3 p-i-n solar cells are reported, facilitated by the low-temperature (≤100 °C) AAC processing, which demonstrates increases of both power conversion efficiency and operational stability compared to devices fabricated using 150 °C annealed films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Du
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ruo Xi Yang
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd. Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Meng Li
- Key Lab for Special Functional Materials of Ministry of Education, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for High-efficiency Display and Lighting Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Nano Functional Materials and Applications, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Zhongyao Jiang
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Lokeshwari Mohan
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Zhenhuang Su
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Xingyu Gao
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility (SSRF), Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 239 Zhangheng Road, Shanghai, 201204, China
| | - Richard Whiteley
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Ganghong Min
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- SPECIFIC IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea, SA2 7AX, UK
| | - Kristin A Persson
- Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab, 1 Cyclotron Rd. Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 210 Hearst Mining Memorial Building, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Martyn A McLachlan
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Joe Briscoe
- School of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 4NS, UK
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9
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Du T, Richheimer F, Frohna K, Gasparini N, Mohan L, Min G, Xu W, Macdonald TJ, Yuan H, Ratnasingham SR, Haque S, Castro FA, Durrant JR, Stranks SD, Wood S, McLachlan MA, Briscoe J. Overcoming Nanoscale Inhomogeneities in Thin-Film Perovskites via Exceptional Post-annealing Grain Growth for Enhanced Photodetection. Nano Lett 2022; 22:979-988. [PMID: 35061402 PMCID: PMC9007526 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.1c03839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antisolvent-assisted spin coating has been widely used for fabricating metal halide perovskite films with smooth and compact morphology. However, localized nanoscale inhomogeneities exist in these films owing to rapid crystallization, undermining their overall optoelectronic performance. Here, we show that by relaxing the requirement for film smoothness, outstanding film quality can be obtained simply through a post-annealing grain growth process without passivation agents. The morphological changes, driven by a vaporized methylammonium chloride (MACl)-dimethylformamide (DMF) solution, lead to comprehensive defect elimination. Our nanoscale characterization visualizes the local defective clusters in the as-deposited film and their elimination following treatment, which couples with the observation of emissive grain boundaries and excellent inter- and intragrain optoelectronic uniformity in the polycrystalline film. Overcoming these performance-limiting inhomogeneities results in the enhancement of the photoresponse to low-light (<0.1 mW cm-2) illumination by up to 40-fold, yielding high-performance photodiodes with superior low-light detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Du
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Filipe Richheimer
- National
Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Kyle Frohna
- Cavendish
Laboratory, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Gasparini
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lokeshwari Mohan
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ganghong Min
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Haozhen Yuan
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Sinclair R. Ratnasingham
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
- Department
of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Saif Haque
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Fernando A. Castro
- National
Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - James R. Durrant
- Department
of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
- SPECIFIC
IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 7AX, United Kingdom
| | - Samuel D. Stranks
- Cavendish
Laboratory, JJ Thomson
Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
- Department
of Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Philippa Fawcett Drive, Cambridge CB3 0AS, United Kingdom
| | - Sebastian Wood
- National
Physical Laboratory, Hampton Road, Teddington TW11 0LW, United Kingdom
| | - Martyn A. McLachlan
- Department
of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Briscoe
- School
of Engineering and Materials Science and Materials Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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10
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Macdonald TJ, Clancy AJ, Xu W, Jiang Z, Lin CT, Mohan L, Du T, Tune DD, Lanzetta L, Min G, Webb T, Ashoka A, Pandya R, Tileli V, McLachlan MA, Durrant JR, Haque SA, Howard CA. Phosphorene Nanoribbon-Augmented Optoelectronics for Enhanced Hole Extraction. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:21549-21559. [PMID: 34919382 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c08905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorene nanoribbons (PNRs) have been widely predicted to exhibit a range of superlative functional properties; however, because they have only recently been isolated, these properties are yet to be shown to translate to improved performance in any application. PNRs show particular promise for optoelectronics, given their predicted high exciton binding energies, tunable bandgaps, and ultrahigh hole mobilities. Here, we verify the theorized enhanced hole mobility in both solar cells and space-charge-limited-current devices, demonstrating the potential for PNRs improving hole extraction in universal optoelectronic applications. Specifically, PNRs are demonstrated to act as an effective charge-selective interlayer by enhancing hole extraction from polycrystalline methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite to the poly(triarylamine) semiconductor. Introducing PNRs at the hole-transport/MAPbI3 interface achieves fill factors above 0.83 and efficiencies exceeding 21% for planar p-i-n (inverted) perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Such efficiencies are typically only reported for single-crystalline MAPbI3-based inverted PSCs. Methylammonium-free PSCs also benefit from a PNR interlayer, verifying applicability to architectures incorporating mixed perovskite absorber layers. Device photoluminescence and transient absorption spectroscopy are used to demonstrate that the presence of the PNRs drives more effective carrier extraction. Isolation of the PNRs in space-charge-limited-current hole-only devices improves both hole mobility and conductivity, demonstrating applicability beyond PSCs. This work provides primary experimental evidence that the predicted superlative functional properties of PNRs indeed translate to improved optoelectronic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Adam J Clancy
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.,Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Zhongyao Jiang
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Lokeshwari Mohan
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Tian Du
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel D Tune
- International Solar Energy Research Center Konstanz, Rudolf-Diesel-Straße 15, D-78467 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Luis Lanzetta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ganghong Min
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Webb
- Advanced Technology Institute, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Arjun Ashoka
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, U.K
| | - Raj Pandya
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, J.J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 0HE Cambridge, U.K
| | - Vasiliki Tileli
- Institute of Materials, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martyn A McLachlan
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,SPECIFIC IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 7AX, United Kingdom
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher A Howard
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University College London, Gower St., London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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11
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Bodian S, Colchester RJ, Macdonald TJ, Ambroz F, Briceno de Gutierrez M, Mathews SJ, Fong YMM, Maneas E, Welsby KA, Gordon RJ, Collier P, Zhang EZ, Beard PC, Parkin IP, Desjardins AE, Noimark S. CuInS 2 Quantum Dot and Polydimethylsiloxane Nanocomposites for All-Optical Ultrasound and Photoacoustic Imaging. Adv Mater Interfaces 2021; 8:2100518. [PMID: 34777946 PMCID: PMC8573612 DOI: 10.1002/admi.202100518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Dual-modality imaging employing complementary modalities, such as all-optical ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging, is emerging as a well-suited technique for guiding minimally invasive surgical procedures. Quantum dots are a promising material for use in these dual-modality imaging devices as they can provide wavelength-selective optical absorption. The first quantum dot nanocomposite engineered for co-registered laser-generated ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging is presented. The nanocomposites developed, comprising CuInS2 quantum dots and medical-grade polydimethylsiloxane (CIS-PDMS), are applied onto the distal ends of miniature optical fibers. The films exhibit wavelength-selective optical properties, with high optical absorption (> 90%) at 532 nm for ultrasound generation, and low optical absorption (< 5%) at near-infrared wavelengths greater than 700 nm. Under pulsed laser irradiation, the CIS-PDMS films generate ultrasound with pressures exceeding 3.5 MPa, with a corresponding bandwidth of 18 MHz. An ultrasound transducer is fabricated by pairing the coated optical fiber with a Fabry-Pérot (FP) fiber optic sensor. The wavelength-selective nature of the film is exploited to enable co-registered all-optical ultrasound and photoacoustic imaging of an ink-filled tube phantom. This work demonstrates the potential for quantum dots as wavelength-selective absorbers for all-optical ultrasound generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semyon Bodian
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
- Materials Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Richard J. Colchester
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- Materials Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable ElectronicsImperial College LondonLondonW12 0BZUK
| | - Filip Ambroz
- Materials Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | | | - Sunish J. Mathews
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
| | - Yu Man Mandy Fong
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
- Materials Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Efthymios Maneas
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
| | - Kathryn A. Welsby
- Central Laser FacilityHarwell Science and Innovation CampusChiltonDidcotOX11 0DEUK
| | - Ross J. Gordon
- Johnson Matthey Technology CentreSonning CommonReadingRG4 9NHUK
| | - Paul Collier
- Johnson Matthey Technology CentreSonning CommonReadingRG4 9NHUK
| | - Edward Z. Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
| | - Paul C. Beard
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
| | - Adrien E. Desjardins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
| | - Sacha Noimark
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonWC1E 6BTUK
- Wellcome/ESPRC Centre for Surgical and Interventional SciencesUniversity College LondonCharles Bell House, 67–73 Riding House StreetLondonW1W 7EJUK
- Materials Chemistry CentreDepartment of ChemistryUniversity College London20 Gordon StreetLondonWC1H 0AJUK
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12
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Lin CT, Xu W, Macdonald TJ, Ngiam J, Kim JH, Du T, Xu S, Tuladhar PS, Kang H, Lee K, Durrant JR, McLachlan MA. Correlating the Active Layer Structure and Composition with the Device Performance and Lifetime of Amino-Acid-Modified Perovskite Solar Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:43505-43515. [PMID: 34472327 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c08279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Additive engineering is emerging as a powerful strategy to further enhance the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs), with the incorporation of bulky cations and amino acid (AA) derivatives being shown as a promising strategy for enhanced device stability. However, the incorporation of such additives typically results in photocurrent losses owing to their saturated carbon backbones, hindering charge transport and collection. Here, we investigate the use of AAs with varying carbon chain lengths as zwitterionic additives to enhance the PSC device stability, in air and nitrogen, under illumination. We, however, discovered that the device stability is insensitive to the chain length as the anticipated photocurrent drops as the chain length increases. Using glycine as an additive results in an improvement in the open circuit voltage from 1.10 to 1.14 V and a resulting power conversion efficiency of 20.2% (20.1% stabilized). Using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry, we confirm that the AAs reside at the surfaces and interfaces of our perovskite films and propose the mechanisms by which stability is enhanced. We highlight this with glycine as an additive, whereby an 8-fold increase in the device lifetime in ambient air at 1 sun illumination is recorded. Short-circuit photoluminescence quenching of complete devices is reported, which reveals that the loss in photocurrent density observed with longer carbon chain AAs results from the inefficient charge extraction from the perovskite absorber layer. These combined results demonstrate new fundamental understandings about the photophysical processes of additive engineering using AAs and provide a significant step forward in improving the stability of high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Jonathan Ngiam
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Ju-Hyeon Kim
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Tian Du
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Shengda Xu
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Pabitra Shakya Tuladhar
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Hongkyu Kang
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanghee Lee
- Heeger Center for Advanced Materials and Research Institute for Solar and Sustainable Energies, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology, Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - James R Durrant
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
- SPECIFIC IKC, College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN, U.K
| | - Martyn A McLachlan
- Department of Materials and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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13
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Westbrook RJE, Macdonald TJ, Xu W, Lanzetta L, Marin-Beloqui JM, Clarke TM, Haque SA. Lewis Base Passivation Mediates Charge Transfer at Perovskite Heterojunctions. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:12230-12243. [PMID: 34342430 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c05122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Understanding interfacial charge transfer processes such as trap-mediated recombination and injection into charge transport layers (CTLs) is crucial for the improvement of perovskite solar cells. Herein, we reveal that the chemical binding of charge transport layers to CH3NH3PbI3 defect sites is an integral part of the interfacial charge injection mechanism in both n-i-p and p-i-n architectures. Specifically, we use a mixture of optical and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to show that binding interactions occur via Lewis base interactions between electron-donating moieties on hole transport layers and the CH3NH3PbI3 surface. We then correlate the extent of binding with an improvement in the yield and longer lifetime of injected holes with transient absorption spectroscopy. Our results show that passivation-mediated charge transfer has been occurring undetected in some of the most common perovskite configurations and elucidate a key design rule for the chemical structure of next-generation CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J E Westbrook
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom.,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Weidong Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Luis Lanzetta
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Jose M Marin-Beloqui
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Tracey M Clarke
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub White City Campus, Wood Lane W12 0BZ, United Kingdom.,Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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14
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Bati ASR, Hao M, Macdonald TJ, Batmunkh M, Yamauchi Y, Wang L, Shapter JG. 1D-2D Synergistic MXene-Nanotubes Hybrids for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells. Small 2021; 17:e2101925. [PMID: 34213834 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202101925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Incorporation of 2D MXenes into the electron transporting layer (ETL) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has been shown to deliver high-efficiency photovoltaic (PV) devices. However, the ambient fabrication of the ETLs leads to unavoidable deterioration in the electrical properties of MXene due to oxidation. Herein, sorted metallic single-walled carbon nanotubes (m-SWCNTs) are employed to prepare MXene/SWCNTs composites to improve the PV performance of PSCs. With the optimized composition, a power conversion efficiency of over 21% is achieved. The improved photoluminescence and reduced charge transfer resistance revealed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy demonstrated low trap density and improved charge extraction and transport characteristics due to the improved conductivity originating from the presence of nanotubes as well as the reduced defects associated with oxygen vacancies on the surface of the SnO2 . The MXene/SWCNTs strategy reported here provides a new avenue for realizing high-performance PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz S R Bati
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Organic Photonics & Electronics, School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Mengmeng Hao
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- Centre for Catalysis and Clean Energy, School of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Yusuke Yamauchi
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- JST-ERATO Yamauchi Materials Space-Tectonics Project and International Center for Materials Nanoarchitectonics (WPI-MANA), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), 1-1 Namiki, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0044, Japan
| | - Lianzhou Wang
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
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15
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Lanzetta L, Webb T, Zibouche N, Liang X, Ding D, Min G, Westbrook RJE, Gaggio B, Macdonald TJ, Islam MS, Haque SA. Degradation mechanism of hybrid tin-based perovskite solar cells and the critical role of tin (IV) iodide. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2853. [PMID: 33990560 PMCID: PMC8121806 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-22864-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tin perovskites have emerged as promising alternatives to toxic lead perovskites in next-generation photovoltaics, but their poor environmental stability remains an obstacle towards more competitive performances. Therefore, a full understanding of their decomposition processes is needed to address these stability issues. Herein, we elucidate the degradation mechanism of 2D/3D tin perovskite films based on (PEA)0.2(FA)0.8SnI3 (where PEA is phenylethylammonium and FA is formamidinium). We show that SnI4, a product of the oxygen-induced degradation of tin perovskite, quickly evolves into iodine via the combined action of moisture and oxygen. We identify iodine as a highly aggressive species that can further oxidise the perovskite to more SnI4, establishing a cyclic degradation mechanism. Perovskite stability is then observed to strongly depend on the hole transport layer chosen as the substrate, which is exploited to tackle film degradation. These key insights will enable the future design and optimisation of stable tin-based perovskite optoelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Lanzetta
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas Webb
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Xinxing Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dong Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ganghong Min
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Robert J E Westbrook
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Benedetta Gaggio
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Processable Electronics, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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16
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Zhang Y, Kirs A, Ambroz F, Lin CT, Bati ASR, Parkin IP, Shapter JG, Batmunkh M, Macdonald TJ. Ambient Fabrication of Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Solar Cells. Small Methods 2021; 5:e2000744. [PMID: 34927807 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202000744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic-inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their high-power conversion efficiency, simple fabrication, and low material cost. However, due to their high sensitivity to moisture and oxygen, high efficiency PSCs are mainly constructed in an inert environment. This has led to significant concerns associated with the long-term stability and manufacturing costs, which are some of the major limitations for the commercialization of this cutting-edge technology. Over the past few years, excellent progress in fabricating PSCs in ambient conditions has been made. These advancements have drawn considerable research interest in the photovoltaic community and shown great promise for the successful commercialization of efficient and stable PSCs. In this review, after providing an overview to the influence of an ambient fabrication environment on perovskite films, recent advances in fabricating efficient and stable PSCs in ambient conditions are discussed. Along with discussing the underlying challenges and limitations, the most appropriate strategies to fabricate efficient PSCs under ambient conditions are summarized along with multiple roadmaps to assist in the future development of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ashleigh Kirs
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Filip Ambroz
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Abdulaziz S R Bati
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, 4222, Australia
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
- Department of Chemistry and Centre for Plastic Electronics, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
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17
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Portnoi M, Haigh PA, Macdonald TJ, Ambroz F, Parkin IP, Darwazeh I, Papakonstantinou I. Bandwidth limits of luminescent solar concentrators as detectors in free-space optical communication systems. Light Sci Appl 2021; 10:3. [PMID: 33386386 PMCID: PMC7775919 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-020-00444-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) have recently emerged as a promising receiver technology in free-space optical communications due to their inherent ability to collect light from a wide field-of-view and concentrate it into small areas, thus leading to high optical gains. Several high-speed communication systems integrating LSCs in their detector blocks have already been demonstrated, with the majority of efforts so far being devoted to maximising the received optical power and the system's field-of-view. However, LSCs may pose a severe bottleneck on the bandwidth of such communication channels due to the comparably slow timescale of the fluorescence events involved, a situation further aggravated by the inherent reabsorption in these systems, and yet, an in-depth study into such dynamic effects remains absent in the field. To fill this gap, we have developed a comprehensive analytical solution that delineates the fundamental bandwidth limits of LSCs as optical detectors in arbitrary free-space optical links, and establishes their equivalence with simple RC low-pass electrical circuits. Furthermore, we demonstrate a time-domain Monte Carlo simulation platform, an indispensable tool in the multiparameter optimisation of LSC-based receiver systems. Our work offers vital insight into LSC system dynamic behaviour and paves the way to evaluate the technology for a wide range of applications, including visible light communications, high-speed video recording, and real-time biological imaging, to name a few.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Portnoi
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | | | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, W12 0BZ, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Filip Ambroz
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Izzat Darwazeh
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Photonic Innovations Lab, Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, WC1E 7JE, UK.
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18
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Ding D, Lanzetta L, Liang X, Min G, Giza M, Macdonald TJ, Haque SA. Ultrathin polymethylmethacrylate interlayers boost performance of hybrid tin halide perovskite solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:5047-5050. [PMID: 33881413 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc07418g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Introducing a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) layer at the (PEA)0.2(FA)0.8SnI3 perovskite/hole transport layer interface leads to a remarkable improvement in the photogenerated current density and fill factor, resulting in an increase in the power conversion efficiency from 6.5% to 10%. PMMA is proposed to mitigate interfacial charge losses and to induce a more favourable distribution of 2D perovskite phases, elucidating a pathway towards the development of high-performance tin-based perovskite solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Luis Lanzetta
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Xinxing Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Ganghong Min
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Marcin Giza
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
| | - Saif A Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, UK.
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19
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Wilson RL, Macdonald TJ, Lin CT, Xu S, Taylor A, Knapp CE, Guldin S, McLachlan MA, Carmalt CJ, Blackman CS. Chemical vapour deposition (CVD) of nickel oxide using the novel nickel dialkylaminoalkoxide precursor [Ni(dmamp′) 2] (dmamp′ = 2-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-propanolate). RSC Adv 2021; 11:22199-22205. [PMID: 35480804 PMCID: PMC9034214 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03263a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiO) has good optical transparency and wide band-gap, and due to the particular alignment of valence and conduction band energies with typical current collector materials has been used in solar cells as an efficient hole transport-electron blocking layer, where it is most commonly deposited via sol–gel or directly deposited as nanoparticles. An attractive alternative approach is via vapour deposition. This paper describes the chemical vapour deposition of p-type nickel oxide (NiO) thin films using the new nickel CVD precursor [Ni(dmamp′)2], which unlike previous examples in literature is synthesised using the readily commercially available dialkylaminoalkoxide ligand dmamp′ (2-dimethylamino-2-methyl-1-propanolate). The use of vapour deposited NiO as a blocking layer in a solar-cell device is presented, including benchmarking of performance and potential routes to improving performance to viable levels. We describe CVD of nickel oxide (NiO) thin films using a new precursor [Ni(dmamp′)2], synthesised using a readily commercially available dialkylaminoalkoxide ligand (dmamp′), which is applied to synthesis of a hole transport-electron blocking layer.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Chieh-Ting Lin
- Department of Materials
- Center for Plastic Electronics
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - Shengda Xu
- Department of Materials
- Center for Plastic Electronics
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | - Alaric Taylor
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | | | - Stefan Guldin
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Martyn A. McLachlan
- Department of Materials
- Center for Plastic Electronics
- Imperial College London
- London
- UK
| | | | - Chris S. Blackman
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London
- UK
- London Centre for Nanotechnology
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20
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Abstract
The rapid development of nanotechnology has led to an increase in the number and variety of engineered nanomaterials in the environment. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an example of a commonly studied nanomaterial whose highly tailorable properties have generated significant interest through a wide range of research fields. In the present work, we characterise the AuNP-lipid membrane interaction by coupling qualitative data with quantitative measurements of the enthalpy change of interaction. We investigate the interactions between citrate-stabilised AuNPs ranging from 5 to 60 nm in diameter and large unilamellar vesicles acting as a model membrane system. Our results reveal the existence of two critical AuNP diameters which determine their fate when in contact with a lipid membrane. The results provide new insights into the size dependent interaction between AuNPs and lipid bilayers which is of direct relevance to nanotoxicology and to the design of NP vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Contini
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, UK
| | - James W. Hindley
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, UK ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, UK
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, UK ,grid.83440.3b0000000121901201Department of Chemistry, University College London, Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ London, UK
| | - Joseph D. Barritt
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, SW7 2AZ London, UK
| | - Oscar Ces
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, UK ,grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Institute of Chemical Biology, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, UK
| | - Nick Quirke
- grid.7445.20000 0001 2113 8111Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, Imperial College London, White City Campus, Wood Lane, W12 0BZ London, UK
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21
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Ambroz F, Sathasivam S, Lee R, Gadipelli S, Lin C, Xu S, Poduval RK, Mclachlan MA, Papakonstantinou I, Parkin IP, Macdonald TJ. Corrigendum: Influence of Lithium and Lanthanum Treatment on TiO
2
Nanofibers and Their Application in n–i‐p Solar Cells. ChemElectroChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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22
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Hopper TR, Gorodetsky A, Jeong A, Krieg F, Bodnarchuk MI, Maimaris M, Chaplain M, Macdonald TJ, Huang X, Lovrincic R, Kovalenko MV, Bakulin AA. Hot Carrier Dynamics in Perovskite Nanocrystal Solids: Role of the Cold Carriers, Nanoconfinement, and the Surface. Nano Lett 2020; 20:2271-2278. [PMID: 32142303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b04491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Carrier cooling is of widespread interest in the field of semiconductor science. It is linked to carrier-carrier and carrier-phonon coupling and has profound implications for the photovoltaic performance of materials. Recent transient optical studies have shown that a high carrier density in lead-halide perovskites (LHPs) can reduce the cooling rate through a "phonon bottleneck". However, the role of carrier-carrier interactions, and the material properties that control cooling in LHPs, is still disputed. To address these factors, we utilize ultrafast "pump-push-probe" spectroscopy on LHP nanocrystal (NC) films. We find that the addition of cold carriers to LHP NCs increases the cooling rate, competing with the phonon bottleneck. By comparing different NCs and bulk samples, we deduce that the cooling behavior is intrinsic to the LHP composition and independent of the NC size or surface. This can be contrasted with other colloidal nanomaterials, where confinement and trapping considerably influence the cooling dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R Hopper
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrei Gorodetsky
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Ahhyun Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Franziska Krieg
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Maryna I Bodnarchuk
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Marios Maimaris
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Marine Chaplain
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Xiaokun Huang
- Institute for High-Frequency Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Kirchhoff Institute for Physics, University of Heidelberg, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Lovrincic
- Institute for High-Frequency Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstrasse 22, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- InnovationLab, Speyerer Strasse 4, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maksym V Kovalenko
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Thin Films and Photovoltaics, Empa - Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Artem A Bakulin
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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23
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Ambroz F, Donnelly JL, Wilden JD, Macdonald TJ, Parkin IP. Carboxylic Acid Functionalization at the Meso-Position of the Bodipy Core and Its Influence on Photovoltaic Performance. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2019; 9:E1346. [PMID: 31546988 PMCID: PMC6835471 DOI: 10.3390/nano9101346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Two bodipy dyes with different carboxylic acids on the meso-position of the bodipy core were prepared and used to sensitize TiO2 photoelectrodes. On the basis of spectroscopic characterization, the photoelectrodes were used to fabricate photoelectrochemical cells (PECs) for solar light harvesting. Photovoltaic measurements showed that both bodipy dyes successfully sensitized PECs with short-circuit current densities (JSC) two-fold higher compared to the control. The increase in generated current was attributed to the gain in spectral absorbance due to the presence of bodipy. Finally, the influence of co-sensitization of bodipy and N719 dye was also investigated and photovoltaic device performance discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ambroz
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Joanna L Donnelly
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Jonathan D Wilden
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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24
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Ambroz F, Sathasivam S, Lee R, Gadipelli S, Lin C, Xu S, Poduval RK, Mclachlan MA, Papakonstantinou I, Parkin IP, Macdonald TJ. Influence of Lithium and Lanthanum Treatment on TiO
2
Nanofibers and Their Application in n‐i‐p Solar Cells. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ambroz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Sanjayan Sathasivam
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Roxanna Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Srinivas Gadipelli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Chieh‐Ting Lin
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Materials and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Shengda Xu
- Department of Materials and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Radhika K. Poduval
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity College London Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Martyn A. Mclachlan
- Department of Materials and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity College London Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
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25
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Ambroz F, Sathasivam S, Lee R, Gadipelli S, Lin C, Xu S, Poduval RK, Mclachlan MA, Papakonstantinou I, Parkin IP, Macdonald TJ. Front Cover: Influence of Lithium and Lanthanum Treatment on TiO
2
Nanofibers and Their Application in n‐i‐p Solar Cells (ChemElectroChem 14/2019). ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ambroz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Sanjayan Sathasivam
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Roxanna Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Srinivas Gadipelli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Chieh‐Ting Lin
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Materials and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Shengda Xu
- Department of Materials and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Radhika K. Poduval
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity College London Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Martyn A. Mclachlan
- Department of Materials and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity College London Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
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26
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Ambroz F, Sathasivam S, Lee R, Gadipelli S, Lin C, Xu S, Poduval RK, Mclachlan MA, Papakonstantinou I, Parkin IP, Macdonald TJ. Influence of Lithium and Lanthanum Treatment on TiO
2
Nanofibers and Their Application in n‐i‐p Solar Cells. ChemElectroChem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.201900532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Filip Ambroz
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Sanjayan Sathasivam
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Roxanna Lee
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Srinivas Gadipelli
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Chieh‐Ting Lin
- Department of ChemistryImperial College London Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
- Department of Materials and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Shengda Xu
- Department of Materials and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Radhika K. Poduval
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity College London Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Martyn A. Mclachlan
- Department of Materials and Centre for Plastic ElectronicsImperial College London Imperial College Road London SW7 2AZ UK
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Department of Electronic and Electrical EngineeringUniversity College London Torrington Place London WC1E 7JE UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- Department of ChemistryUniversity College London 20 Gordon St. London WC1H 0AJ UK
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27
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Patrick PS, Bogart LK, Macdonald TJ, Southern P, Powell MJ, Zaw-Thin M, Voelcker NH, Parkin IP, Pankhurst QA, Lythgoe MF, Kalber TL, Bear JC. Surface radio-mineralisation mediates chelate-free radiolabelling of iron oxide nanoparticles. Chem Sci 2019; 10:2592-2597. [PMID: 30996974 PMCID: PMC6419938 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc04895a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We introduce the concept of surface radio-mineralisation (SRM) to describe the chelate-free radiolabelling of iron-oxide and ferrite nanoparticles. We demonstrate the effectiveness of SRM with both 111In and 89Zr for bare, polymer-matrix multicore, and surface-functionalised magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles; and for bare Y3Fe5O12 nanoparticles. By analogy with geological mineralisation (the hydrothermal deposition of metals as minerals in ore bodies or lodes) we demonstrate that the heat-induced and aqueous SRM process deposits radiometal-oxides onto the nanoparticle or core surfaces, passing through the matrix or coating if present, without changing the size, structure, or magnetic properties of the nanoparticle or core. We show in a mouse model followed over 7 days that the SRM is sufficient to allow quantitative, non-invasive, prolonged, whole-body localisation of injected nanoparticles with nuclear imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Stephen Patrick
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI) , Department of Medicine , University College London , London WC1E 6DD , UK .
| | - Lara K Bogart
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory , 21 Albemarle Street , London , W1S 4BS , UK
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Materials Chemistry Centre , Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - Paul Southern
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory , 21 Albemarle Street , London , W1S 4BS , UK
| | - Michael J Powell
- Materials Chemistry Centre , Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - May Zaw-Thin
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI) , Department of Medicine , University College London , London WC1E 6DD , UK .
| | - Nicolas H Voelcker
- Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Monash University , Parkville , Australia
- Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) , Clayton , Australia
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Centre , Department of Chemistry , University College London , 20 Gordon Street , London , WC1H 0AJ , UK
| | - Quentin A Pankhurst
- UCL Healthcare Biomagnetics Laboratory , 21 Albemarle Street , London , W1S 4BS , UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI) , Department of Medicine , University College London , London WC1E 6DD , UK .
| | - Tammy L Kalber
- Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging (CABI) , Department of Medicine , University College London , London WC1E 6DD , UK .
| | - Joseph C Bear
- School of Life Science, Pharmacy & Chemistry , Kingston University , Penrhyn Road , Kingston upon Thames , KT1 2EE , UK .
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28
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Elmas S, Macdonald TJ, Skinner W, Andersson M, Nann T. Copper Metallopolymer Catalyst for the Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER). Polymers (Basel) 2019; 11:E110. [PMID: 30960095 PMCID: PMC6401685 DOI: 10.3390/polym11010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers with stabilizing coordination units for single-site catalytic centers are excellent candidates to minimize the use of expensive noble metal electrode materials. In this study, conjugated metallopolymer, POS[Cu], was synthesized and fully characterized by means of spectroscopical, electrochemical, and photophysical methods. The copper metallopolymer was found to be highly active for the electrocatalytic hydrogen generation (HER) in an aqueous solution at pH 7.4 and overpotentials at 300 mV vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). Compared to the platinum electrode, the obtained overpotential is only 100 mV higher. The photoelectrochemical tests revealed that the complexation of the conjugated polymer POS turned its intrinsically electron-accepting (p-type) properties into an electron-donor (n-type) with photocurrent responses ten times higher than the organic photoelectrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sait Elmas
- Institute for NanoScale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - William Skinner
- Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia Mawson Lakes Campus, Mawson Lakes, SA 595, Australia.
| | - Mats Andersson
- Institute for NanoScale Science & Technology, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia.
| | - Thomas Nann
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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29
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Peveler WJ, Jia H, Jeen T, Rees K, Macdonald TJ, Xia Z, Chio WIK, Moorthy S, Parkin IP, Carmalt CJ, Algar WR, Lee TC. Cucurbituril-mediated quantum dot aggregates formed by aqueous self-assembly for sensing applications. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:5495-5498. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cc00410f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Supramolecular ‘gluing’ of quantum dots is demonstrated with cucurbituril and we present the opportunity to create molecular host–guest sensing schemes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Peveler
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
- School of Engineering
- University of Glasgow
- Glasgow
- UK
| | - Hui Jia
- Institute for Materials Discovery
- University College London (UCL)
- UK
| | - Tiffany Jeen
- Department of Chemistry
- 2036 Main Mall
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Kelly Rees
- Department of Chemistry
- 2036 Main Mall
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | | | - Zhicheng Xia
- Department of Chemistry
- 2036 Main Mall
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Weng-I Katherine Chio
- Institute for Materials Discovery
- University College London (UCL)
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London (UCL)
| | - Suresh Moorthy
- Institute for Materials Discovery
- University College London (UCL)
- UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London (UCL)
- London
- UK
| | | | - W. Russ Algar
- Department of Chemistry
- 2036 Main Mall
- University of British Columbia
- Vancouver
- Canada
| | - Tung-Chun Lee
- Institute for Materials Discovery
- University College London (UCL)
- UK
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London (UCL)
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30
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Peveler WJ, Packman H, Alexander S, Chauhan RR, Hayes LM, Macdonald TJ, Cockcroft JK, Rogers S, Aarts DGAL, Carmalt CJ, Parkin IP, Bear JC. A new family of urea-based low molecular-weight organogelators for environmental remediation: the influence of structure. Soft Matter 2018; 14:8821-8827. [PMID: 30346465 PMCID: PMC6256360 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm01682h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Gelation processes grant access to a wealth of soft materials with tailorable properties, in applications as diverse as environmental remediation, biomedicine and electronics. Several classes of self-assembling gelators have been studied and employ non-covalent bonds to direct assembly, but recently attention has come to focus on how the overall shape of the gelator molecule impacts its gelation. Here we study a new sub-family of low molecular weight organogelators and explore how steric rearrangement influences their gelation. The gels produced are characterised with X-ray diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to probe their ex situ and in situ gelation mechanisms. The best examples were then tested for environmental remediation applications, gelling petrol and oils in the presence of water and salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Peveler
- Division of Biomedical Engineering
, School of Engineering
, University of Glasgow
, Rankine Building
,
Glasgow G12 8LT
, UK
.
| | - Hollie Packman
- Department of Earth Science and Engineering
, South Kensington Campus, Imperial College
,
London
, SW7 2AZ
, UK
| | - Shirin Alexander
- Energy Safety Research Institute (ESRI)
, Swansea University
, New Bay Campus
,
Swansea
, SA1 8EN
, Wales
, UK
| | - Raamanand R. Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry
, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
, University of Oxford
,
South Parks Road
, Oxford
, OX1 3QZ
, UK
| | - Lilian M. Hayes
- Department of Chemistry
, University College London
,
20 Gordon Street
, London
, WC1H 0AJ
, UK
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry
, University College London
,
20 Gordon Street
, London
, WC1H 0AJ
, UK
| | - Jeremy K. Cockcroft
- Department of Chemistry
, University College London
,
20 Gordon Street
, London
, WC1H 0AJ
, UK
| | - Sarah Rogers
- ISIS-STFC
, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
,
Chilton
, Oxon OX11 0QX
, UK
| | - Dirk G. A. L. Aarts
- Department of Chemistry
, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory
, University of Oxford
,
South Parks Road
, Oxford
, OX1 3QZ
, UK
| | - Claire J. Carmalt
- Department of Chemistry
, University College London
,
20 Gordon Street
, London
, WC1H 0AJ
, UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry
, University College London
,
20 Gordon Street
, London
, WC1H 0AJ
, UK
| | - Joseph C. Bear
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences
, Kingston University
, Kingston upon Thames
,
Surrey
, KT1 2EE
, UK
.
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31
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Lourenço C, Macdonald TJ, Gavriilidis A, Allan E, MacRobert AJ, Parkin IP. Effects of bovine serum albumin on light activated antimicrobial surfaces. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34252-34258. [PMID: 35548657 PMCID: PMC9087004 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra04361b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate that our active surfaces still show antibacterial activity even with BSA at low light.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Lourenço
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
| | | | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Disease
- UCL Eastman Dental Institute University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science
- University College London
- Royal Free Campus
- London
- UK
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Research Centre
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
- London WC1H 0AJ
- UK
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32
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Batmunkh M, Macdonald TJ, Peveler WJ, Bati ASR, Carmalt CJ, Parkin IP, Shapter JG. Plasmonic Gold Nanostars Incorporated into High-Efficiency Perovskite Solar Cells. ChemSusChem 2017; 10:3750-3753. [PMID: 28727320 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201701056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Incorporating appropriate plasmonic nanostructures into photovoltaic (PV) systems is of great utility for enhancing photon absorption and thus improving device performance. Herein, the successful integration of plasmonic gold nanostars (AuNSs) into mesoporous TiO2 photoelectrodes for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is reported. The PSCs fabricated with TiO2 -AuNSs photoelectrodes exhibited a device efficiency of up to 17.72 %, whereas the control cells without AuNSs showed a maximum efficiency of 15.19 %. We attribute the origin of increased device performance to enhanced light absorption and suppressed charge recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - William J Peveler
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Abdulaziz S R Bati
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
| | - Claire J Carmalt
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
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33
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Abstract
This work demonstrates a protocol to fabricate a fiber-based photoanode for dye-sensitized solar cells, consisting of a light-scattering layer made of electrospun titanium dioxide nanofibers (TiO2-NFs) on top of a blocking layer made of commercially available titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2-NPs). This is achieved by first electrospinning a solution of titanium (IV) butoxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and glacial acetic acid in ethanol to obtain composite PVP/TiO2 nanofibers. These are then calcined at 500 °C to remove the PVP and to obtain pure anatase-phase titania nanofibers. This material is characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The photoanode is prepared by first creating a blocking layer through the deposition of a TiO2-NPs/terpineol slurry on a fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass slide using doctor blading techniques. A subsequent thermal treatment is performed at 500 °C. Then, the light-scattering layer is formed by depositing a TiO2-NFs/terpineol slurry on the same slide, using the same technique, and calcinating again at 500 °C. The performance of the photoanode is tested by fabricating a dye-sensitized solar cell and measuring its efficiency through J-V curves under a range of incident light densities, from 0.25-1 Sun.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolò Canever
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials & Nanotechnology, School of, Victoria University of Wellington
| | - Fraser Hughson
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials & Nanotechnology, School of, Victoria University of Wellington
| | | | - Thomas Nann
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials & Nanotechnology, School of, Victoria University of Wellington;
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34
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Poduval RK, Noimark S, Colchester RJ, Macdonald TJ, Parkin IP, Desjardins AE, Papakonstantinou I. Optical fiber ultrasound transmitter with electrospun carbon nanotube-polymer composite. Appl Phys Lett 2017; 110:223701. [PMID: 28652642 PMCID: PMC5453807 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
All-optical ultrasound transducers are promising for imaging applications in minimally invasive surgery. In these devices, ultrasound is transmitted and received through laser modulation, and they can be readily miniaturized using optical fibers for light delivery. Here, we report optical ultrasound transmitters fabricated by electrospinning an absorbing polymer composite directly onto the end-face of optical fibers. The composite coating consisting of an aqueous dispersion of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in polyvinyl alcohol was directly electrospun onto the cleaved surface of a multimode optical fiber and subsequently dip-coated with polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). This formed a uniform nanofibrous absorbing mesh over the optical fiber end-face wherein the constituent MWCNTs were aligned preferentially along individual nanofibers. Infiltration of the PDMS through this nanofibrous mesh onto the underlying substrate was observed and the resulting composites exhibited high optical absorption (>97%). Thickness control from 2.3 μm to 41.4 μm was obtained by varying the electrospinning time. Under laser excitation with 11 μJ pulse energy, ultrasound pressures of 1.59 MPa were achieved at 1.5 mm from the coatings. On comparing the electrospun ultrasound transmitters with a dip-coated reference fabricated using the same constituent materials and possessing identical optical absorption, a five-fold increase in the generated pressure and wider bandwidth was observed. The electrospun transmitters exhibited high optical absorption, good elastomer infiltration, and ultrasound generation capability in the range of pressures used for clinical pulse-echo imaging. All-optical ultrasound probes with such transmitters fabricated by electrospinning could be well-suited for incorporation into catheters and needles for diagnostics and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika K Poduval
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard J Colchester
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas J Macdonald
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Materials Chemistry Centre, Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Adrien E Desjardins
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Papakonstantinou
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
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35
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Batmunkh M, Macdonald TJ, Shearer CJ, Bat-Erdene M, Wang Y, Biggs MJ, Parkin IP, Nann T, Shapter JG. Carbon Nanotubes in TiO 2 Nanofiber Photoelectrodes for High-Performance Perovskite Solar Cells. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2017; 4:1600504. [PMID: 28435781 PMCID: PMC5396161 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201600504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
1D semiconducting oxides are unique structures that have been widely used for photovoltaic (PV) devices due to their capability to provide a direct pathway for charge transport. In addition, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have played multifunctional roles in a range of PV cells because of their fascinating properties. Herein, the influence of CNTs on the PV performance of 1D titanium dioxide nanofiber (TiO2 NF) photoelectrode perovskite solar cells (PSCs) is systematically explored. Among the different types of CNTs, single-walled CNTs (SWCNTs) incorporated in the TiO2 NF photoelectrode PSCs show a significant enhancement (≈40%) in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) as compared to control cells. SWCNTs incorporated in TiO2 NFs provide a fast electron transfer within the photoelectrode, resulting in an increase in the short-circuit current (Jsc) value. On the basis of our theoretical calculations, the improved open-circuit voltage (Voc) of the cells can be attributed to a shift in energy level of the photoelectrodes after the introduction of SWCNTs. Furthermore, it is found that the incorporation of SWCNTs into TiO2 NFs reduces the hysteresis effect and improves the stability of the PSC devices. In this study, the best performing PSC device constructed with SWCNT structures achieves a PCE of 14.03%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munkhbayar Batmunkh
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park, Adelaide South Australia 5042 Australia
| | | | - Cameron J Shearer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park, Adelaide South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Munkhjargal Bat-Erdene
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park, Adelaide South Australia 5042 Australia
| | - Yun Wang
- Centre for Clean Environment and Energy Griffith School of Environment Gold Coast Campus Griffith University Queensland 4222 Australia
| | - Mark J Biggs
- School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide South Australia 5005 Australia
- School of Science Loughborough University Loughborough LEC LE11 3TU UK
| | - Ivan P Parkin
- Department of Chemistry University College London WC1H OAJ London UK
| | - Thomas Nann
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Victoria University of Wellington 6140 Wellington New Zealand
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences Flinders University Bedford Park, Adelaide South Australia 5042 Australia
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36
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Macdonald TJ, Wu K, Sehmi SK, Noimark S, Peveler WJ, du Toit H, Voelcker NH, Allan E, MacRobert AJ, Gavriilidis A, Parkin IP. Thiol-Capped Gold Nanoparticles Swell-Encapsulated into Polyurethane as Powerful Antibacterial Surfaces Under Dark and Light Conditions. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39272. [PMID: 27982122 PMCID: PMC5159832 DOI: 10.1038/srep39272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A simple procedure to develop antibacterial surfaces using thiol-capped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) is shown, which effectively kill bacteria under dark and light conditions. The effect of AuNP size and concentration on photo-activated antibacterial surfaces is reported and we show significant size effects, as well as bactericidal activity with crystal violet (CV) coated polyurethane. These materials have been proven to be powerful antibacterial surfaces against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. AuNPs of 2, 3 or 5 nm diameter were swell-encapsulated into PU before a coating of CV was applied (known as PU-AuNPs-CV). The antibacterial activity of PU-AuNPs-CV samples was tested against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria under dark and light conditions. All light conditions in this study simulated a typical white-light hospital environment. This work demonstrates that the antibacterial activity of PU-AuNPs-CV samples and the synergistic enhancement of photoactivity of triarylmethane type dyes is highly dependent on nanoparticle size and concentration. The most powerful PU-AuNPs-CV antibacterial surfaces were achieved using 1.0 mg mL-1 swell encapsulation concentrations of 2 nm AuNPs. After two hours, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were reduced to below the detection limit (>4 log) under dark and light conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Macdonald
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Ke Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sandeep K. Sehmi
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Sacha Noimark
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - William J. Peveler
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Hendrik du Toit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Nicolas H. Voelcker
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, 5095, Australia
| | - Elaine Allan
- Division of Microbial Diseases, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, University College London, 256 Grays Inn Road, London, WC1X 8LD, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- UCL Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, Royal Free Campus, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Asterios Gavriilidis
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7JE, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan P. Parkin
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St, London, WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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37
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Abstract
Although polyaniline (PAni) has been studied extensively in the past, little work has been done on producing films of this material via plasma deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sait Elmas
- Future Industries Institute
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Wesley Beelders
- Future Industries Institute
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Joseph Nash
- Future Industries Institute
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | | | - Marek Jasieniak
- Future Industries Institute
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Hans J. Griesser
- Future Industries Institute
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | - Thomas Nann
- Future Industries Institute
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
- MacDiarmid Institute
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38
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Macdonald TJ, Tune DD, Dewi MR, Gibson CT, Shapter JG, Nann T. A TiO2 Nanofiber-Carbon Nanotube-Composite Photoanode for Improved Efficiency in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ChemSusChem 2015; 8:3396-3400. [PMID: 26383499 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201500945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A light-scattering layer fabricated from electrospun titanium dioxide nanofibers (TiO2 -NFs) and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) formed a fiber-based photoanode. The nanocomposite scattering layer had a lawn-like structure and integration of carbon nanotubes into the NF photoanodes increased the power conversion efficiency from 2.9 % to 4.8 % under 1 Sun illumination. Under reduced light intensity (0.25 Sun), TiO2 -NF and TiO2 -NF/SWCNT-based DSSCs reached PCE values of up to 3.7 % and 6.6 %, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Macdonald
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Daniel D Tune
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, 76344, Germany
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Melissa R Dewi
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia
| | - Christopher T Gibson
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Joseph G Shapter
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5042, Australia
| | - Thomas Nann
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia.
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39
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Chandrasekaran S, Macdonald TJ, Gerson AR, Nann T, Voelcker NH. Boron-Doped Silicon Diatom Frustules as a Photocathode for Water Splitting. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:17381-7. [PMID: 26192101 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b04640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An effective solar-powered silicon device for hydrogen production from water splitting is a priority in light of diminishing fossil fuel vectors. There is increasing demand for nanostructuring in silicon to improve its antireflective properties for efficient solar energy conversion. Diatom frustules are naturally occurring biosilica nanostructures formed by biomineralizing microalgae. Here, we demonstrate magnesiothermic conversion of boron-doped silica diatom frustules from Aulacoseira sp. into nanostructured silicon with retention of the original shape. Hydrogen production was achieved for boron-doped silicon diatom frustules coated with indium phosphide nanocrystal layers and an iron sulfur carbonyl electrocatalyst.
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40
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Chandrasekaran S, McInnes SJP, Macdonald TJ, Nann T, Voelcker NH. Porous silicon nanoparticles as a nanophotocathode for photoelectrochemical water splitting. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra12559f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
An investigation on the nanophotocathode fabrication using electrochemically anodised pSi NPs for photoelectrochemical water splitting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas Nann
- Ian Wark Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- Adelaide
- Australia
| | | |
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41
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Mange YJ, Dewi MR, Macdonald TJ, Skinner WM, Nann T. Rapid microwave assisted synthesis of nearly monodisperse aqueous CuInS2/ZnS nanocrystals. CrystEngComm 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ce01325a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A rapid microwave-assisted synthesis for nearly monodisperse CuInS2/ZnS nanocrystals (NCs) has been developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yatin J. Mange
- Ian Wark Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- , Australia
| | - Melissa R. Dewi
- Ian Wark Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- , Australia
| | - Thomas J. Macdonald
- Ian Wark Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- , Australia
- Department of Chemistry
- University College London
| | | | - Thomas Nann
- Ian Wark Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- , Australia
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
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42
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Abstract
Chalcopyrite copper indium disulfide (CIS) QDs have been of recent interest due to their non-toxicity. This article shows a straightforward aqueous cation exchange method to synthesise CIS particles with zinc sulfide coating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Macdonald
- Ian Wark Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science
- Australia
| | - Yatin J. Mange
- Ian Wark Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science
- Australia
| | - Melissa Dewi
- Ian Wark Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science
- Australia
| | - Aoife McFadden
- Adelaide Microscopy
- The University of Adelaide
- Adelaide, Australia
| | - William M. Skinner
- Ian Wark Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes, Australia
| | - Thomas Nann
- Ian Wark Research Institute
- University of South Australia
- Mawson Lakes, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science
- Australia
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43
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Abstract
Quantum Dots (QDs) are promising alternatives to organic dyes as sensitisers for photocatalytic electrodes. This review article provides an overview of the current state of the art in this area. More specifically, different types of QDs with a special focus on heavy-metal free QDs and the methods for preparation and adsorption onto metal oxide electrodes (especially titania and zinc oxide) are discussed. Eventually, the key areas of necessary improvements are identified and assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Macdonald
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia.
| | - Thomas Nann
- Ian Wark Research Institute, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5095, Australia.
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44
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Que Hee SS, Macdonald TJ, Boyle JR. Effects of acid type and concentration on the determination of 34 elements by simultaneous inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Anal Chem 1985; 57:1242-52. [PMID: 4037317 DOI: 10.1021/ac00284a018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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45
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Elia VJ, Anderson LA, Macdonald TJ, Carson A, Buncher CR, Brooks SM. Determination of urinary mandelic and phenylglyoxylic acids in styrene exposed workers and a control population. Am Ind Hyg Assoc J 1980; 41:922-6. [PMID: 7468463 DOI: 10.1080/15298668091425879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Styrene is rapidly metabolized in humans to mandelic () and phenylglyoxylic acids (P) which are excreted in urine. The present study investigates a gas chromatographic technique for measuring urinary concentrations of MA and PGA of workers exposed to styrene, compares the urinary concentrations of metabolites with time-weighted average air exposures to styrene and determines the levels of these metabolites in a population of workers not exposed to styrene. Post-shift urine specimens were obtained from a group of workers exposed to styrene in the reinforced plastic industry and from a control group. High positive correlation was found between post-shift urinary concentrations of metabolites and 8-hour TWA styrene exposure. Both MA and total metabolites (MA + PGA) gave correlation coefficient values of 0.96, p less than 0.0001. The mean MA excretion for the control groups was 6 mg/L. Determination of the concentration of these metabolites in a post-shift urine provides an effective means of estimating and monitoring human exposure to styrene.
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