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Bouazzi M, Jørgensen DES, Andersen H, Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Ekelund CK, Jensen AN, Sandager P, Sperling L, Steensberg J, Sundberg K, Vejlstrup NG, Petersen OBB, Vedel C. Prevalence and detection rate of major congenital heart disease in twin pregnancies in Denmark. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2023; 62:681-687. [PMID: 37191390 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the national prevalence and prenatal detection rate (DR) of major congenital heart disease (mCHD) in twin pregnancies without twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS)-associated CHD in a Danish population following a standardized prenatal screening program. METHODS This was a national registry-based study of data collected prospectively over a 10-year period. In Denmark, all women with a twin pregnancy are offered standardized screening and surveillance programs in addition to first- and second-trimester screening for aneuploidies and malformation, respectively: monochorionic (MC) twins every 2 weeks from gestational week 15 and dichorionic (DC) twins every 4 weeks from week 18. The data were retrieved from the Danish Fetal Medicine Database and included all twin pregnancies from 2009-2018, in which at least one fetus had a pre- and/or postnatal mCHD diagnosis. mCHD was defined as CHD requiring surgery within the first year of life, excluding ventricular septal defects. All pregnancy data were pre- and postnatally validated in the local patient files at the four tertiary centers covering the entire country. RESULTS A total of 60 cases from 59 twin pregnancies were included. The prevalence of mCHD was 4.6 (95% CI, 3.5-6.0) per 1000 twin pregnancies (1.9 (95% CI, 1.3-2.5) per 1000 live births). The prevalences for DC and MC were 3.6 (95% CI, 2.6-5.0) and 9.2 (95% CI, 5.8-13.7) per 1000 twin pregnancies, respectively. The national prenatal DR of mCHD in twin pregnancies for the entire period was 68.3%. The highest DRs were in cases with univentricular hearts (100%) and the lowest with aortopulmonary window, total anomalous pulmonary venous return, Ebstein's anomaly, aortic valve stenosis and coarctation of the aorta (0-25%). Mothers of children with prenatally undetected mCHD had a significantly higher body mass index (BMI) compared to mothers of children with a prenatally detected mCHD (median, 27 kg/m2 and 23 kg/m2 , respectively; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of mCHD in twins was 4.6 per 1000 pregnancies and was higher in MC than DC pregnancies. The prenatal DR of mCHD in twin pregnancies was 68.3%. Maternal BMI was higher in cases of prenatally undetected mCHD. © 2023 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bouazzi
- Department of Obstetrics, Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D E S Jørgensen
- Department of Obstetrics, Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Andersen
- Department of Pediatrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - C K Ekelund
- Department of Obstetrics, Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A N Jensen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - P Sandager
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Center for Fetal Diagnostics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - L Sperling
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - J Steensberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Sundberg
- Department of Obstetrics, Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N G Vejlstrup
- The Heart Centre, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - O B B Petersen
- Department of Obstetrics, Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Vedel
- Department of Obstetrics, Center of Fetal Medicine and Pregnancy, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ünlü AM, Holm M, Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Glarup M, Bjerre J, Herlin T. Changes in Kawasaki disease incidence and phenotype during the COVID-19 pandemic. Dan Med J 2023; 70:A10220600. [PMID: 37341355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aetiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) remains unknown. Changes in infectious exposure during the COVID-19 pandemic owing to infection prevention measures may have affected the incidence of KD, supporting the pathogenic role of an infectious trigger. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence, phenotype and outcome of KD before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study based on patients diagnosed with KD at a Danish paediatric tertiary referral centre from 1 January 2008 to 1 September 2021. RESULTS A total of 74 patients met the KD criteria of whom ten were observed during the COVID-19 pandemic in Denmark. All of these patients were negative for SARS-CoV-2 DNA and antibodies. A high KD incidence was observed during the first six months of the pandemic, but no patients were diagnosed during the following 12 months. Clinical KD criteria were equally met in both groups. The fraction of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) non-responders was higher in the pandemic group (60%) than in the in the pre-pandemic group (28.3%), although the rate of timely administered IVIG treatment was the same in both groups (≥ 80%). Coronary artery dilation was observed in 21.9% in the pre-pandemic group compared with 0% in KD patients diagnosed during the pandemic. CONCLUSION Changes in KD incidence and phenotype were seen during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients diagnosed with KD during the pandemic had complete KD, higher liver transaminases and significant IVIG resistance but no coronary artery involvement. FUNDING None. TRIAL REGISTRATION The study was approved by the Danish Data Protection Agency (DK-634228).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Mine Ünlü
- Department of Rheumatology, Hospital South West Jutland, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Mette Holm
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | | | - Mia Glarup
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Jesper Bjerre
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
| | - Troels Herlin
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark
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Arlien-Søborg MC, Madsen MA, Dal J, Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Ringgaard S, Skou N, Høgild M, Jørgensen JOL. Ectopic lipid deposition and insulin resistance in patients with GH disorders before and after treatment. Eur J Endocrinol 2023; 188:6984866. [PMID: 36651164 DOI: 10.1093/ejendo/lvac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Insulin resistance is associated with ectopic lipid deposition. Growth hormone (GH) status also modulates ectopic lipid accumulation, but how this associates with insulin resistance in patients with GH disorders is not well established. DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-one patients diagnosed with acromegaly and 12 patients with adult GH deficiency (GHD) were studied at diagnosis and after treatment. A reference group of 12 subjects was included. Each study day comprised assessment of body composition with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, ectopic lipid deposition in the liver by MR spectroscopy, and Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR). RESULTS Disease control of acromegaly decreased lean body mass (LBM) (P < .000) and increased the percentage of total body fat (TBF) (P < .000). GH replacement increased LBM in the GHD patients (P = .007) and decreased the percentage of TBF (P = .010). The intrahepatic lipid (IHL) content increased after disease control in acromegaly (P = .004), whereas IHL did not change significantly after GH replacement in GHD (P = .34). Insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) improved after disease control of acromegaly (P < .000) and remained unaltered after GH replacement in the GHD patients (P = .829). CONCLUSIONS GH status is a significant modulator of body composition and insulin sensitivity.GH excess reduces total fat mass and intrahepatic lipid content together with induction of insulin resistance.The data support the notion that GH-induced insulin resistance is unassociated with hepatic lipid accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai C Arlien-Søborg
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Michael Alle Madsen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Dal
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | | | - Steffen Ringgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nickolaj Skou
- Department of Radiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Morten Høgild
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jens Otto Lunde Jørgensen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Laboratory, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Lundberg J, Höybye C, Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Bina HA, Kharitonenkov A, Angelin B, Rudling M. Influence of growth hormone on circulating fibroblast growth factor 21 levels in humans. J Intern Med 2013; 274:227-32. [PMID: 23844970 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Findings from animal studies indicate that growth hormone (GH) may stimulate the production of the putative metabolic regulator fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21). We investigated whether circulating FGF21 levels are altered in patients with GH deficiency and characterized how levels of this growth factor are influenced by acute and long-term administration of GH, and the potential relationship between FGF21 and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs). DESIGN AND SETTING GH-deficient patients (n = 9) were studied prior to and during 1 year of replacement with GH. Healthy subjects (n = 8) received an intravenous bolus of GH with or without concomitant oral glucose. Healthy subjects and patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (n = 23) were monitored following increasing doses of GH for 3 weeks. The main outcome measures were serum FGF21 and NEFA levels. Studies were performed at two academic centres. RESULTS GH-deficient patients had FGF21 levels within the normal range, and GH replacement did not influence circulating FGF21 or NEFA concentrations. Acute GH administration to healthy control subjects did not change FGF21 levels, whereas an oral glucose load increased serum FGF21 by 25% and reduced NEFA levels by 48%. Similar effects were seen on administration of glucose together with GH. However, FGF21 levels increased dose dependently up to 3.7-fold in control subjects treated with GH for 3 weeks; simultaneously NEFA levels were increased by 47%. CONCLUSIONS GH is not critical for the maintenance of basal serum FGF21 levels in humans, but circulating FGF21 levels increase following administration of GH to healthy individuals. There is no correlation between plasma NEFA and circulating FGF21 levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Lundberg
- Metabolism Unit, Department of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine and Molecular Nutrition Unit, Center for Biosciences, NOVUM, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
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Clasen BFF, Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Vendelbo MH, Thorsen K, Escande C, Møller N, Pedersen SB, Jørgensen JOL, Jessen N. Gene expression in skeletal muscle after an acute intravenous GH bolus in human subjects: identification of a mechanism regulating ANGPTL4. J Lipid Res 2013; 54:1988-97. [PMID: 23606725 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.p034520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth hormone (GH) acutely stimulates lipolysis and fat oxidation, a process that operates postabsorptively and involves activation of the JAK-STAT pathway in the target tissue; no in vivo data exist regarding subsequent GH-regulated gene transcription. We obtained serum samples and muscle biopsies in human subjects before and 2 h after administration of a GH bolus. A significant (~75%) elevation in serum FFA levels was recorded post GH. Microarray identified 79 GH-regulated genes in muscle. With qRT-PCR, we then examined the expression of selected genes in the presence and absence of glucose-induced suppression of lipolysis. Four genes involved in the JAK-STAT5 signaling pathway were regulated by GH, including SOCS1-3 and CISH, in addition to three genes associated with insulin action: NFκB1A, PIK3C2B, and PRKAG2. The gene encoding ANGPTL4, a protein involved in lipolysis and suppression of LPL activity, exhibited the most pronounced upregulation (5.6-fold) after GH, which was abrogated by concomitant suppression of lipolysis. Therefore, the GH-induced stimulation of ANGPTL4 gene expression seems secondary to induction of lipolysis. This new concept implies that abundant supply of circulating FFA decreases the need for alternative triglyceride-derived FFA through distinct inhibition of LPL mediated by increased ANGPTL4 gene expression in human muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthil F F Clasen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
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Madsen M, Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Møller L, Christensen B, Vendelbo MH, Pedersen SB, Frystyk J, Jessen N, Hansen TK, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Flyvbjerg A, Jørgensen JOL. Fat content in liver and skeletal muscle changes in a reciprocal manner in patients with acromegaly during combination therapy with a somatostatin analog and a GH receptor antagonist: a randomized clinical trial. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2012; 97:1227-35. [PMID: 22298804 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-2681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pegvisomant is a GH antagonist, which is used for the treatment of acromegalic patients. It effectively blocks the hepatic and peripheral effects of GH, but transient elevations in circulating liver enzymes of unknown pathogenesis may occur, which seems to be more prevalent when the treatment is combined with a somatostatin analog (SA). Accumulation of intrahepatic lipid is a known cause of elevated liver enzymes, and there is evidence to suggest that GH impacts lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle. OBJECTIVE Our objective was to measure lipid content in liver and skeletal muscle in acromegalic patients before and after cotreatment with pegvisomant and SA as compared with SA monotherapy. DESIGN Eighteen acromegalic patients well controlled on SA monotherapy were randomized in a parallel study over 24 wk to 1) unchanged SA monotherapy, or 2) cotreatment with pegvisomant (15-30 mg twice a week) and SA (half the usual dosage). SETTING This was an investigator-initiated study in a single tertiary referral center. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intrahepatic lipid (IHL) and intramyocellular lipid (IMCL) was assessed by ¹H magnetic resonance spectroscopy. RESULTS IHL increased in the cotreatment group compared with SA only (P = 0.002). The increase was positively correlated to weekly pegvisomant dose (r² = 0.52; P = 0.01). By contrast, IMCL decreased in the cotreatment group compared with SA only (P = 0.01). These changes related neither to insulin sensitivity nor inflammatory markers. CONCLUSION Cotreatment with pegvisomant and a reduced SA dose increase IHL and decrease IMCL compared with SA monotherapy. The clinical implications remain unclear, but increased IHL may be causally linked to the transient elevations in liver enzymes observed during pegvisomant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Madsen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocriniology (MEA), Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade 44, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
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Vendelbo MH, Clasen BFF, Treebak JT, Møller L, Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Madsen M, Nielsen TS, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Pedersen SB, Jørgensen JOL, Goodyear LJ, Wojtaszewski JFP, Møller N, Jessen N. Insulin resistance after a 72-h fast is associated with impaired AS160 phosphorylation and accumulation of lipid and glycogen in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2012; 302:E190-200. [PMID: 22028408 PMCID: PMC4971894 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00207.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During fasting, human skeletal muscle depends on lipid oxidation for its energy substrate metabolism. This is associated with the development of insulin resistance and a subsequent reduction of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. The underlying mechanisms controlling insulin action on skeletal muscle under these conditions are unresolved. In a randomized design, we investigated eight healthy subjects after a 72-h fast compared with a 10-h overnight fast. Insulin action on skeletal muscle was assessed by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp and by determining insulin signaling to glucose transport. In addition, substrate oxidation, skeletal muscle lipid content, regulation of glycogen synthesis, and AMPK signaling were assessed. Skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity was reduced profoundly in response to a 72-h fast and substrate oxidation shifted to predominantly lipid oxidation. This was associated with accumulation of both lipid and glycogen in skeletal muscle. Intracellular insulin signaling to glucose transport was impaired by regulation of phosphorylation at specific sites on AS160 but not TBC1D1, both key regulators of glucose uptake. In contrast, fasting did not impact phosphorylation of AMPK or insulin regulation of Akt, both of which are established upstream kinases of AS160. These findings show that insulin resistance in muscles from healthy individuals is associated with suppression of site-specific phosphorylation of AS160, without Akt or AMPK being affected. This impairment of AS160 phosphorylation, in combination with glycogen accumulation and increased intramuscular lipid content, may provide the underlying mechanisms for resistance to insulin in skeletal muscle after a prolonged fast.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - B. F. F. Clasen
- Departments of 1Internal Medicine and Endocrinology and
- 2Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus;
| | - J. T. Treebak
- 3Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen;
| | - L. Møller
- Departments of 1Internal Medicine and Endocrinology and
| | | | - M. Madsen
- Departments of 1Internal Medicine and Endocrinology and
| | - T. S. Nielsen
- Departments of 1Internal Medicine and Endocrinology and
- 2Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus;
| | | | | | | | - L. J. Goodyear
- 5Joslin Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - J. F. P. Wojtaszewski
- 3Molecular Physiology Group, Department of Exercise and Sport Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen;
| | - N. Møller
- Departments of 1Internal Medicine and Endocrinology and
| | - N. Jessen
- Departments of 1Internal Medicine and Endocrinology and
- 2Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus;
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Christensen B, Vendelbo MH, Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Madsen M, Pedersen SB, Jessen N, Møller N, Jørgensen JOL. Erythropoietin administration acutely stimulates resting energy expenditure in healthy young men. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2012; 112:1114-21. [PMID: 22241056 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.01391.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo) improves insulin sensitivity in patients with end-stage renal disease, and animal studies indicate that Epo increases fat oxidation. However, the metabolic effects of rHuEpo have never been experimentally studied in healthy humans. The aim was to investigate the effects of an acute rHuEpo bolus on substrate metabolism and insulin sensitivity in healthy young men. Ten healthy young men were studied in a single-blinded, randomized crossover design with a 2-wk washout period receiving 400 IU/kg rHuEpo or placebo. Substrate metabolism was evaluated by indirect calorimetry and tracer infusions, and insulin sensitivity by a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp; and PCR and Western blotting measured protein expression and content, respectively. Resting energy expenditure (REE) increased significantly after rHuEpo [basal: 1,863.3 ± 67.2 (kcal/day) (placebo) vs. 2,041.6 ± 81.2 (rHuEpo), P < 0.001; clamp: 1,903.9 ± 68.3 (placebo) vs. 2,015.7 ± 114.4 (rHuEpo), P = 0.03], but the increase could not be explained by changes in mRNA levels of uncoupling protein 2 or 3. Fat oxidation in the basal state tended to be higher after rHuEpo but could not be explained by changes in mRNA levels of CPT1 and PPARα or AMPK and ACC protein phosphorylation. Insulin-stimulated glucose disposal, glucose metabolism, and whole body and forearm protein metabolism did not change significantly in response to rHuEpo. In conclusion, a single injection of rHuEpo acutely increases REE in healthy human subjects. This calorigenic effect is not accompanied by distinct alterations in the pattern of substrate metabolism or insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt Christensen
- Department of Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Rasmussen MH, Raschke M, Govender S, Madsen J, Christiansen JS. Biochemical markers of bone turnover in tibia fracture patients randomly assigned to growth hormone (GH) or placebo injections: Implications for detection of GH abuse. Growth Horm IGF Res 2011; 21:331-335. [PMID: 21963127 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2011.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2011] [Revised: 08/29/2011] [Accepted: 08/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT It has been argued that increased levels of bone remodelling markers are not suitable indicators of GH abuse, as bone injuries per se increase the expression levels of these markers. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of a recovering tibia fracture on circulating bone markers in subjects receiving placebo or GH treatment. DESIGN AND SETTING A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of up to 16weeks GH treatment, followed by a 16-week washout. PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTION Subjects (406 adult males and females) with a tibia fracture were randomly allocated within three days after surgery, to either placebo or GH treatment (15, 30 or 60μg/kg daily) until fracture healing or 16weeks after treatment initiation. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES IGF-I, serum C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX), osteocalcin (OST) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP) were measured during and after treatment. RESULTS Dose-dependent increases were observed in groups receiving GH, and mean levels in the highest GH dose group peaked at eight (IGF-I, CTX) or 12weeks (OST) after treatment initiation. Statistically significant differences between GH treatment and placebo were seen for IGF-I, CTX and OST in all GH dose groups throughout the treatment period, and persisted until eight (CTX) or 12 (OST) weeks after cessation of treatment. CONCLUSION IGF-I, CTX and OST are suitable candidate markers of prolonged, illicit administration of GH. Furthermore, CTX and OST have potentials to serve as markers also after cessation of GH administration.
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Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Vestergaard ET, Buhl M, Nielsen R, Clasen BF, Nielsen S, Møller N, Pedersen SB, Jørgensen JOL. Acute peripheral metabolic effects of intraarterial leg infusion of somatostatin in healthy young men. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:2581-9. [PMID: 21632809 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Evidence suggests that somatostatin not only inhibits the secretion of GH but also suppresses GH action in peripheral tissues. OBJECTIVE We tested the hypothesis that somatostatin suppresses GH activity in human skeletal muscle in vivo. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Eight healthy young men (25.3 ± 2.8 yr) were studied on a single occasion after an overnight fast for 4 h [including a basal period (0-2 h) and a hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp (2-4 h)] during an iv GH infusion (50 ng/kg⁻¹ · min⁻¹). Each subject received an intraarterial somatostatin infusion (150 μg/h⁻¹) into one femoral artery and an intraarterial saline infusion into the contra lateral artery. The simultaneous blood samples were drawn from both femoral veins. Muscle biopsies were obtained from one leg at t = 0 and from both legs during the basal period and during the clamp. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Muscle glucose uptake, signaling proteins for GH (phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription-5) and insulin (phosphorylation of AS160), and expression of GH-regulated genes (IGF-I and suppressor of cytokine signaling 1-3) were measured. RESULTS Somatostatin significantly increased glucose uptake measured by arteriovenous glucose difference during the basal period (P = 0.03) but not during the clamp. There was a tendency for the phosphorylation of AS160 to be higher in the somatostatin-infused leg compared with the saline leg (P = 0.055). The expression of suppressor of cytokine signaling-1 mRNA was significantly elevated in the clamp-biopsy from the saline-infused leg (P = 0.024). CONCLUSIONS We concluded the following: 1) in the presence of systemic GH exposure, somatostatin increases basal glucose uptake and reduces the expression of GH-regulated genes directly in skeletal muscle; 2) this supports the concept that somatostatin suppresses GH activity in peripheral tissues, and 3) this may add to the therapeutic effects of somataostatin analogs.
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Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Clasen BF, Møller N, Jessen N, Pedersen SB, Christiansen JS, Jørgensen JOL. Growth hormone (GH)-induced insulin resistance is rapidly reversible: an experimental study in GH-deficient adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:2548-57. [PMID: 21613350 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT It is clinically relevant and of physiological interest to investigate whether GH-induced insulin resistance depends on the timing of GH exposure relative to when insulin sensitivity is assessed. HYPOTHESIS GH-induced insulin resistance is rapidly reversible. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS Eight male GH-deficient patients underwent a 6-h euglycemic-hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp thrice in a randomized crossover design receiving either no GH (study 0), a 7-h GH infusion (0.2-0.3 mg in total) that terminated 5 h before the clamp (study 1), or a similar GH infusion timed to continue during the first hour of the clamp (study 2). A muscle biopsy was obtained 30 min into the clamp. The patients were compared with eight healthy untreated control subjects (study c). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The glucose infusion rate, indirect calorimetry, and free fatty acid metabolism were assessed. In muscle biopsies, protein phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 5, Akt, and Akt substrate 160 (phospho-Akt substrate signal) and gene expression of IGF-I and SOCS1-3 were assessed. RESULTS Insulin sensitivity differed significantly between the GH-deficiency studies (P = 0.005) with distinct insulin resistance in study 2 and increased insulin sensitivity in study 0 [area under the glucose infusion rate curve (mg/kg · min): 1663 ± 151 (study 0) vs. 1482 ± 166 (study 1) vs. 1123 ± 136 (study 2) vs. 1492 ± 229 (control group)]. Free fatty acid levels and lipid oxidation were elevated in response to GH exposure but became suppressed during the clamp. IGF-I and SOCS3 gene expression was increased in study 2. CONCLUSIONS Very-low-dose GH exposure evokes acute insulin resistance that subsides after 5 h. This time-dependent reversibility should be considered when assessing the impact of GH on glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology and Medical Research Laboratories, Aarhus University Hospital, Denmark.
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Cruz-Topete D, Jorgensen JOL, Christensen B, Sackmann-Sala L, Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Jara A, Okada S, Kopchick JJ. Identification of new biomarkers of low-dose GH replacement therapy in GH-deficient patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2011; 96:2089-97. [PMID: 21543428 PMCID: PMC3205513 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2011-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT GH secretion peaks at puberty and continues to be secreted in adulthood, albeit at a declining rate. Profound GH deficiency (GHD) in adults with pituitary disease is associated with symptoms that improve with GH substitution, but it is important to tailor the GH dose to avoid overtreatment. Measurement of serum IGF-I levels is an important clinical tool in this regard, but it is well recognized that some patients receiving GH treatment do not show an increase in IGF-I. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to identify novel serum biomarkers of GH treatment in adults with GHD. DESIGN AND PATIENTS Eight patients with profound GHD as a consequence of a pituitary adenoma or its treatment were evaluated before and 3 months after GH replacement therapy (0.2-0.4 mg/d). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Serum proteomic changes were studied using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Protein profiles were analyzed and compared in serum samples obtained before and after GH treatment. RESULTS The levels of six serum protein spots were significantly altered after GH substitution. These proteins were identified as five isoforms of haptoglobin (decreased in posttreatment samples) and one isoform of apolipoprotein A-I (increased in posttreatment samples). Importantly, changes in the levels of the identified proteins were associated with decreases in fat mass and increases in lean mass in all patients. These results were independent of serum IGF-I levels. CONCLUSIONS Evaluation of the identified proteins provides a novel alternative to traditional markers of GH status, such as serum IGF-I levels, to assess GH therapy in GH deficient adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Cruz-Topete
- Edison Biotechnology Institute, Ohio University, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
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Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Madsen M, Vendelbo MH, Pedersen SB, Christiansen JS, Møller N, Jessen N, Jørgensen JOL. Insulin and GH signaling in human skeletal muscle in vivo following exogenous GH exposure: impact of an oral glucose load. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19392. [PMID: 21559284 PMCID: PMC3086909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 03/29/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION GH induces acute insulin resistance in skeletal muscle in vivo, which in rodent models has been attributed to crosstalk between GH and insulin signaling pathways. Our objective was to characterize time course changes in signaling pathways for GH and insulin in human skeletal muscle in vivo following GH exposure in the presence and absence of an oral glucose load. METHODS Eight young men were studied in a single-blinded randomized crossover design on 3 occasions: 1) after an intravenous GH bolus 2) after an intravenous GH bolus plus an oral glucose load (OGTT), and 3) after intravenous saline plus OGTT. Muscle biopsies were taken at t = 0, 30, 60, and 120. Blood was sampled at frequent intervals for assessment of GH, insulin, glucose, and free fatty acids (FFA). RESULTS GH increased AUC(glucose) after an OGTT (p<0.05) without significant changes in serum insulin levels. GH induced phosphorylation of STAT5 independently of the OGTT. Conversely, the OGTT induced acute phosphorylation of the insulin signaling proteins Akt (ser(473) and thr(308)), and AS160.The combination of OGTT and GH suppressed Akt activation, whereas the downstream expression of AS160 was amplified by GH. WE CONCLUDED THE FOLLOWING: 1) A physiological GH bolus activates STAT5 signaling pathways in skeletal muscle irrespective of ambient glucose and insulin levels 2) Insulin resistance induced by GH occurs without a distinct suppression of insulin signaling proteins 3) The accentuation of the glucose-stimulated activation of AS 160 by GH does however indicate a potential crosstalk between insulin and GH. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00477997.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology (MEA) and Medical Research Laboratories, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
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Krusenstjerna-Hafstrøm T, Madsen M, Vendelboe M, Jessen N, Møller L, Møller N, Jørgensen J. The acute effect of a physiological bolus of growth hormone (GH) on insulin signalling pathways in striated muscle in healthy volunteers. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2009. [PMCID: PMC3313287 DOI: 10.1186/1757-7241-17-s2-p3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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