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Vijapurapu R, Maanja M, Schlegel T, Augusto J, Kurdi H, Moon JC, Hughes DA, Geberhiwot T, Ugander M, Steeds RP, Kozor R. Advanced electrocardiography predicts early cardiac involvement and incident arrhythmias in Fabry disease. Europace 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac053.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Funding Acknowledgements
Type of funding sources: None.
Background
Fabry disease is an X-linked disorder, with cardiovascular involvement characterised by progressive myocardial sphingolipid deposition. Cardiac disease is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) with T1 mapping and advanced electrocardiography (A-ECG) offer both diagnostic and prognostic potential.
Purpose
To evaluate the predictive power of A-ECG markers in identifying: 1) early cardiac involvement defined as low myocardial T1 on CMR, and 2) adverse cardiovascular outcomes defined as any arrhythmia requiring therapy, atrial fibrillation, hospitalisation for heart failure or mortality.
Methods
Patients included in this longitudinal, multi-centre study underwent same-day standard resting 12-lead ECG and CMR. CMR included standard cine imaging, T1 mapping with modified Look Locker inversion recovery (MOLLI, 5s(3s)3s), and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). ECG digital files were analysed using in-house A-ECG software. A-ECG analysis included conventional ECG measures, derived vectorcardiographic measures, and singular value decomposition measures of waveform complexity. Significant A-ECG variables were identified using stepwise forward regression and incorporated in a multivariable logistic regression A-ECG score. A Youden index was applied to identify best threshold score and bootstrapping performed to calculate the area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and 95% confidence intervals (CI).
Results
Among included patients (n=155, 40% male, age 46±14 years, 39% on enzyme replacement therapy), left ventricular mass index was higher in males compared to females (106 vs. 59 g/m2, p<0.001), 80% of patients had myocardial native T1 below the local reference range (933 vs. 968 ms, p=0.06), and 51% (70/136) had focal LGE. Multivariable A-ECG scores for detecting low T1, any arrhythmia, or atrial fibrillation had an AUC [95%CI], sensitivity, and specificity of 0.82 [0.75-0.89], 72 [55-95]%, 85 [66-71]%; 0.89 [0.82-0.95], 82 [68-94]%, 88 [70-96]%; and 0.89 [0.80-0.96], 92 [77-100]%, 83 [76-92]%, respectively, Figure 1. No predictors of heart failure hospitalisation or mortality were found.
Conclusion
A-ECG analysis of the resting 12-lead ECG has good diagnostic performance for predicting early myocardial involvement and the occurrence of arrhythmias in Fabry disease. This supports the use of A-ECG both as a screening tool to diagnose early cardiac disease, and for identifying those at risk of adverse arrhythmic outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Vijapurapu
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Cardiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Maanja
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - T Schlegel
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J Augusto
- Barts Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - H Kurdi
- Barts Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - JC Moon
- Barts Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - DA Hughes
- Royal Free Hospital, Lysosomal Storage Disorder Unit, London, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - T Geberhiwot
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Endocrinology, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - M Ugander
- Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Clinical Physiology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - RP Steeds
- Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Cardiology, Birmingham, United Kingdom of Great Britain & Northern Ireland
| | - R Kozor
- Royal North Shore Hospital, Kolling Institute, Sydney, Australia
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Rajamohan M, Loewenstein D, Maanja M, Cheepvasarach C, Schlegel T, Ugander M, Kozor R. Advanced Electrocardiography Has A High Negative Predictive Value For Ruling Out Significant Coronary Artery Disease By Cardiovascular CT. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2021.06.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hahn A, Lampe C, Boentert M, Hundsberger T, Löscher W, Wenninger S, Ziegler A, Lagler F, Ballhausen D, Schlegel T, Schoser B. [Home infusion therapy for Pompe disease: Recommendations for German-speaking countries]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2021. [PMID: 33906241 DOI: 10.1055/a-1482-6041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pompe disease is a lysosomal multisystem disorder with predominant proximal myopathy. Treatment with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available requiring life-long biweekly infusions of recombinant α-glucosidase. To minimize the burden of ERT patients ask for home infusion therapy. AIMS AND METHODS Pompe disease experts from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland discussed in two consensus meetings in 2019 and 2020 requirements for home infusion therapy, adequate execution of treatment, and the legal situation for delegating physicians. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Home infusion therapy is principally feasible for patients with Pompe disease if certain preconditions are fulfilled, but the decision to implement has to be made on an individual basis. The treating physician delegates the execution of ERT ad personam to nursing staff but retains full legal responsibility. Home infusion therapy has to be carried out by specially trained and qualified staff. Infusion-related risks comprise mainly allergic reactions, and adequate medical treatment must be warranted. In German-speaking countries, clear rules for conducting home infusion therapy are needed to reduce psychosocial stress for patients with Pompe disease, and providing legal certainty for delegating physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hahn
- Abteilung Kinderneurologie, Sozialpädiatrie und Epileptologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH Standort Gießen, Deutschland
| | - Christina Lampe
- Abteilung Kinderneurologie, Sozialpädiatrie und Epileptologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH Standort Gießen, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Boentert
- Klinik für Neurologie mit Institut für Translationale Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster; Klinik für Innere Medizin, Bereich Neurologie, UKM-Marienhospital Steinfurt
| | | | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Stephan Wenninger
- Friedrich-Baur- Institut der Neurologischen Klinik , Klinikum der Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Sektion für Neuropädiatrie und Stoffwechselmedizin, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | - Florian Lagler
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität Salzburg
| | - Diana Ballhausen
- Unité pédiatrique des maladies métaboliques, Département Femme-Mère-Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)
| | - Thomas Schlegel
- Kanzlei für Medizinrecht (Prof. Schlegel, Hohmann & Partner)
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur- Institut der Neurologischen Klinik , Klinikum der Universität München, Deutschland
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Hahn A, Lampe C, Boentert M, Hundsberger T, Löscher W, Wenninger S, Ziegler A, Lagler F, Ballhausen D, Schlegel T, Schoser B. [Home infusion therapy for Pompe disease: Recommendations for German-speaking countries]. Fortschr Neurol Psychiatr 2021; 89:630-636. [PMID: 33561874 DOI: 10.1055/a-1365-8977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pompe disease is a lysosomal multisystem disorder with predominant proximal myopathy. Treatment with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) is available requiring life-long biweekly infusions of recombinant α-glucosidase. To minimize the burden of ERT patients ask for home infusion therapy. AIMS AND METHODS Pompe disease experts from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland discussed in two consensus meetings in 2019 and 2020 requirements for home infusion therapy, adequate execution of treatment, and the legal situation for delegating physicians. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Home infusion therapy is principally feasible for patients with Pompe disease if certain preconditions are fulfilled, but the decision to implement has to be made on an individual basis. The treating physician delegates the execution of ERT ad personam to nursing staff but retains full legal responsibility. Home infusion therapy has to be carried out by specially trained and qualified staff. Infusion-related risks comprise mainly allergic reactions, and adequate medical treatment must be warranted. In German-speaking countries, clear rules for conducting home infusion therapy are needed to reduce psychosocial stress for patients with Pompe disease, and providing legal certainty for delegating physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Hahn
- Abteilung Kinderneurologie, Sozialpädiatrie und Epileptologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH Standort Gießen, Deutschland
| | - Christina Lampe
- Abteilung Kinderneurologie, Sozialpädiatrie und Epileptologie, Universitätsklinikum Gießen und Marburg GmbH Standort Gießen, Deutschland
| | - Matthias Boentert
- Klinik für Neurologie mit Institut für Translationale Neurologie, Universitätsklinikum Münster; Klinik für Innere Medizin, Bereich Neurologie, UKM-Marienhospital Steinfurt
| | | | - Wolfgang Löscher
- Department Neurologie, Medizinische Universität Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - Stephan Wenninger
- Friedrich-Baur- Institut der Neurologischen Klinik , Klinikum der Universität München, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Ziegler
- Sektion für Neuropädiatrie und Stoffwechselmedizin, Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg
| | - Florian Lagler
- Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendheilkunde Paracelsus Medizinische Privatuniversität Salzburg
| | - Diana Ballhausen
- Unité pédiatrique des maladies métaboliques, Département Femme-Mère-Enfant, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CHUV)
| | - Thomas Schlegel
- Kanzlei für Medizinrecht (Prof. Schlegel, Hohmann & Partner)
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur- Institut der Neurologischen Klinik , Klinikum der Universität München, Deutschland
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5
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Šmíd M, Renner O, Colaitis A, Tikhonchuk VT, Schlegel T, Rosmej FB. Characterization of suprathermal electrons inside a laser accelerated plasma via highly-resolved K ⍺-emission. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4212. [PMID: 31527588 PMCID: PMC6746851 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Suprathermal electrons are routinely generated in high-intensity laser produced plasmas via instabilities driven by non-linear laser-plasma interaction. Their accurate characterization is crucial for the performance of inertial confinement fusion as well as for performing experiments in laboratory astrophysics and in general high-energy-density physics. Here, we present studies of non-thermal atomic states excited by suprathermal electrons in kJ-ns-laser produced plasmas. Highly spatially and spectrally resolved X-ray emission from the laser-deflected part of the warm dense Cu foil visualized the hot electrons. A multi-scale two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulation including non-linear laser-plasma interactions and hot electron propagation has provided an input for ab initio non-thermal atomic simulations. The analysis revealed a significant delay between the maximum of laser pulse and presence of suprathermal electrons. Agreement between spectroscopic signatures and simulations demonstrates that combination of advanced high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy and non-thermal atomic physics offers a promising method to characterize suprathermal electrons inside the solid density matter. Suprathermal electrons in laser-generated plasmas are potentially useful in many plasma environments. Here the authors show the characterization of suprathermal electrons in laser-generated Cu plasma using a high-resolution X-ray spectroscopy combined with hydrodynamic and atomic modeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Šmíd
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, 01328, Dresden, Germany. .,Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - O Renner
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18221, Prague, Czech Republic.,ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241, Dolni Brezany, Czech Republic.,Institute of Plasma Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 18200, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - A Colaitis
- Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, 33405, Talence, France
| | - V T Tikhonchuk
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241, Dolni Brezany, Czech Republic.,Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, University of Bordeaux - CNRS - CEA, 33405, Talence, France
| | - T Schlegel
- ELI Beamlines, Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 25241, Dolni Brezany, Czech Republic
| | - F B Rosmej
- Sorbonne Université, Faculté des Sciences et Ingénierie, UMR7605, F-75252, Paris, France. .,LULI, École Polytechnique, CEA, CNRS, Atomic Physics in Dense Plasmas PAPD, F-91128, Palaiseau, France. .,Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology - MIPT, Dolgoprudnyi, 141700, Russia. .,National Research Nuclear University - MEPhI, Department of Plasma Physics, Moscow, 115409, Russia.
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6
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Richardson TO, Mullon C, Marshall JAR, Franks NR, Schlegel T. The influence of the few: a stable 'oligarchy' controls information flow in house-hunting ants. Proc Biol Sci 2019; 285:rspb.2017.2726. [PMID: 29445021 PMCID: PMC5829206 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.2726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals that live together in groups often face difficult choices, such as which food resource to exploit, or which direction to flee in response to a predator. When there are costs associated with deadlock or group fragmentation, it is essential that the group achieves a consensus decision. Here, we study consensus formation in emigrating ant colonies faced with a binary choice between two identical nest-sites. By individually tagging each ant with a unique radio-frequency identification microchip, and then recording all ant-to-ant 'tandem runs'-stereotyped physical interactions that communicate information about potential nest-sites-we assembled the networks that trace the spread of consensus throughout the colony. Through repeated emigrations, we show that both the order in which these networks are assembled and the position of each individual within them are consistent from emigration to emigration. We demonstrate that the formation of the consensus is delegated to an influential but exclusive minority of highly active individuals-an 'oligarchy'-which is further divided into two subgroups, each specialized upon a different tandem running role. Finally, we show that communication primarily occurs between subgroups not within them, and further, that such between-group communication is more efficient than within-group communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas O Richardson
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland .,School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Charles Mullon
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - James A R Marshall
- Department of Computer Science and Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Nigel R Franks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Thomas Schlegel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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7
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Van Kampen C, Arnoczky S, Parks P, Hackett E, Ruehlman D, Turner A, Schlegel T. Tissue-engineered augmentation of a rotator cuff tendon using a reconstituted collagen scaffold: a histological evaluation in sheep. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2019. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.03.2013.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Arnoczky
- Laboratory for Comparative Orthopaedic Research, College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - P. Parks
- Histopathometrics, LLC, Mendota Heights, Minnesota, USA
| | - E. Hackett
- Small Ruminant Comparative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - D. Ruehlman
- Small Ruminant Comparative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - A. Turner
- Small Ruminant Comparative Orthopedic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - T. Schlegel
- Steadman Hawkins Clinic Denver, Greenwood Village, Colorado, USA
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8
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Bagnoud V, Hornung J, Schlegel T, Zielbauer B, Brabetz C, Roth M, Hilz P, Haug M, Schreiber J, Wagner F. Studying the Dynamics of Relativistic Laser-Plasma Interaction on Thin Foils by Means of Fourier-Transform Spectral Interferometry. Phys Rev Lett 2017; 118:255003. [PMID: 28696732 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.255003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We apply Fourier-transform spectral interferometry (FTSI) to study the interaction of intense laser pulses with ultrathin targets. Ultrathin submicrometer-thick solid CH targets were shot at the PHELIX laser facility with an intensity in the mid to upper 10^{19} W/cm^{2} range using an innovative double-pulse structure. The transmitted pulse structure was analyzed by FTSI and shows a transition from a relativistic transparency-dominated regime for targets thinner than 500 nm to a hole-boring-dominated laser-plasma interaction for thicker targets. The results also confirm that the inevitable preplasma expansion happening during the rising slope of the pulse, a few picoseconds before the maximum of the pulse is reached, cannot be neglected and plays a dominant role in laser-plasma interaction with ultrathin solid targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Bagnoud
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - J Hornung
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64285 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - T Schlegel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - B Zielbauer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Brabetz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Roth
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64285 Darmstadt, Germany
- Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research GmbH, Planckstraße 1 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P Hilz
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Muenchen, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - M Haug
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Muenchen, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - J Schreiber
- Fakultät für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Muenchen, Am Coulombwall 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - F Wagner
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
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Abstract
Internet of Things-aware process execution imposes new requirements on process modeling that are outside the scope of current modeling languages. Internet of Things (IoT) devices may vanish, appear or stay unknown during process execution, which renders process resource allocation at design time infeasible. Devices’ capabilities are often only available in a particular real-world context at runtime. This is not considered by current approaches that use services for encapsulating device functionality. We propose a novel approach to enable both service discovery and invocation for IoT-aware processes based on users’ goals that are defined as part of a process. We apply the Tropos goal modeling methodology to represent the dependencies between these goals and IoT device capabilities. Furthermore, we present a Semantic Access Layer (SAL) to transform these goals into service invocations using generated SPARQL queries. The SAL executes the queries on a knowledge base representing runtime domain knowledge about IoT services, their capabilities, and context. As a result, it invokes the identified IoT services and transfers the responses back to the process engine. The evaluation of our approach within several Smart Home scenarios shows an increase of flexibility and separation of concerns for scalable, IoT-aware process execution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ronny Seiger
- Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas Schlegel
- Karlsruhe University of Applied Sciences, Karlsruhe, Germany
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11
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Doran C, Pearce T, Connor A, Schlegel T, Franklin E, Sendova-Franks AB, Franks NR. Economic investment by ant colonies in searches for better homes. Biol Lett 2013; 9:20130685. [PMID: 24088565 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2013.0685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Organisms should invest more in gathering information when the pay-off from finding a profitable resource is likely to be greater. Here, we ask whether animal societies put more effort in scouting for a new nest when their current one is of low quality. We measured the scouting behaviour of Temnothorax albipennis ant colonies when they inhabit nest-sites with different combinations of desirable attributes. We show that the average probability of an ant scouting decreases significantly with an increase in the quality of the nest in which the colony currently resides. This means that the greater the potential gain from finding a new nest, the more effort a colony puts into gathering information regarding new nest-sites. Our results show, for the first time to our knowledge, the ability of animal societies to respond collectively to the quality of a resource they currently have at their disposal (e.g. current nest-site) and regulate appropriately their information gathering efforts for finding an alternative (e.g. a potentially better nest-site).
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Doran
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, , Woodland Road, Bristol BS81UG, UK
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12
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Abstract
We present a dynamical systems analysis of a decision-making mechanism inspired by collective choice in house-hunting honeybee swarms, revealing the crucial role of cross-inhibitory 'stop-signalling' in improving the decision-making capabilities. We show that strength of cross-inhibition is a decision-parameter influencing how decisions depend both on the difference in value and on the mean value of the alternatives; this is in contrast to many previous mechanistic models of decision-making, which are typically sensitive to decision accuracy rather than the value of the option chosen. The strength of cross-inhibition determines when deadlock over similarly valued alternatives is maintained or broken, as a function of the mean value; thus, changes in cross-inhibition strength allow adaptive time-dependent decision-making strategies. Cross-inhibition also tunes the minimum difference between alternatives required for reliable discrimination, in a manner similar to Weber's law of just-noticeable difference. Finally, cross-inhibition tunes the speed-accuracy trade-off realised when differences in the values of the alternatives are sufficiently large to matter. We propose that the model, and the significant role of the values of the alternatives, may describe other decision-making systems, including intracellular regulatory circuits, and simple neural circuits, and may provide guidance in the design of decision-making algorithms for artificial systems, particularly those functioning without centralised control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren Pais
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Patrick M. Hogan
- Department of Computer Science and Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Schlegel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Nigel R. Franks
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Naomi E. Leonard
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - James A. R. Marshall
- Department of Computer Science and Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, South Yorkshire, United Kingdom
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13
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Siminos E, Grech M, Skupin S, Schlegel T, Tikhonchuk VT. Effect of electron heating on self-induced transparency in relativistic-intensity laser-plasma interactions. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2012; 86:056404. [PMID: 23214893 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.056404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The effective increase of the critical density associated with the interaction of relativistically intense laser pulses with overcritical plasmas, known as self-induced transparency, is revisited for the case of circular polarization. A comparison of particle-in-cell simulations to the predictions of a relativistic cold-fluid model for the transparency threshold demonstrates that kinetic effects, such as electron heating, can lead to a substantial increase of the effective critical density compared to cold-fluid theory. These results are interpreted by a study of separatrices in the single-electron phase space corresponding to dynamics in the stationary fields predicted by the cold-fluid model. It is shown that perturbations due to electron heating exceeding a certain finite threshold can force electrons to escape into the vacuum, leading to laser pulse propagation. The modification of the transparency threshold is linked to the temporal pulse profile, through its effect on electron heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Siminos
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
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14
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Schlegel T, Vidačković K, Dusch S, Seiger R. Management of interactive business processes in decentralized service infrastructures through event processing. Journal of King Saud University - Computer and Information Sciences 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jksuci.2012.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Seeley TD, Visscher PK, Schlegel T, Hogan PM, Franks NR, Marshall JAR. Stop Signals Provide Cross Inhibition in Collective Decision-Making by Honeybee Swarms. Science 2011; 335:108-11. [PMID: 22157081 DOI: 10.1126/science.1210361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Honeybee swarms and complex brains show many parallels in how they make decisions. In both, separate populations of units (bees or neurons) integrate noisy evidence for alternatives, and, when one population exceeds a threshold, the alternative it represents is chosen. We show that a key feature of a brain—cross inhibition between the evidence-accumulating populations—also exists in a swarm as it chooses its nesting site. Nest-site scouts send inhibitory stop signals to other scouts producing waggle dances, causing them to cease dancing, and each scout targets scouts’ reporting sites other than her own. An analytic model shows that cross inhibition between populations of scout bees increases the reliability of swarm decision-making by solving the problem of deadlock over equal sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas D Seeley
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
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Dietrich D, Kneip C, Raji O, Liloglou T, Seegebarth A, Schlegel T, Flemming N, Rausch S, Distler J, Fleischhacker M, Schmidt B, Giles T, Walshaw M, Warburton C, Liebenberg V, Field JK. Performance evaluation of the DNA methylation biomarker SHOX2 for the aid in diagnosis of lung cancer based on the analysis of bronchial aspirates. Int J Oncol 2011; 40:825-32. [PMID: 22108652 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2011.1264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In the identification of subjects with lung cancer, increased DNA methylation of the SHOX2 gene locus in bronchial aspirates has previously been proven to be a clinically valuable biomarker. This is particularly true in cases where the cytological and histological results following bronchoscopy are undetermined. This previous case control study was conducted using research assay components and a complex work flow. To facilitate the use in a diagnostic setting, a CE marked in vitro diagnostic test kit to quantify SHOX2 DNA methylation in bronchial aspirates was developed and characterized. The presented assay for measuring SHOX2 DNA methylation in bronchial aspirates is based on two major steps: generation of bisulfite converted template DNA from patient samples followed by subsequent determination of SHOX2 biomarker methylation by real-time PCR. Individual kits for DNA preparation, real-time PCR analysis and work flow control were developed. This study describes the analytical performance (reproducibility, accuracy, interfering substances, cross-reactivity) of the in vitro diagnostic (IVD) test kit 'Epi proLung BL Reflex Assay'. In addition, the intended use of the test was validated in a clinical performance evaluation (case control) study comprised of 250 patients (125 cases, 125 controls). The results describe the test as a robust and reliable diagnostic tool for identifying patients with lung cancer using Saccomanno-fixed bronchial lavage specimens (AUC [95% confidence intervals] = 0.94 [0.91-0.98], sensitivity 78% [69-86]/specificity 96% [90-99]). This test may be used as a diagnostic adjunct to existing clinical and pathological investigations in lung cancer.
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Schmidt B, Liebenberg V, Dietrich D, Schlegel T, Kneip C, Seegebarth A, Flemming N, Seemann S, Distler J, Lewin J, Tetzner R, Weickmann S, Wille U, Liloglou T, Raji O, Walshaw M, Fleischhacker M, Witt C, Field JK. SHOX2 DNA methylation is a biomarker for the diagnosis of lung cancer based on bronchial aspirates. BMC Cancer 2010; 10:600. [PMID: 21047392 PMCID: PMC2988753 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-10-600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to show that SHOX2 DNA methylation is a tumor marker in patients with suspected lung cancer by using bronchial fluid aspirated during bronchoscopy. Such a biomarker would be clinically valuable, especially when, following the first bronchoscopy, a final diagnosis cannot be established by histology or cytology. A test with a low false positive rate can reduce the need for further invasive and costly procedures and ensure early treatment. METHODS Marker discovery was carried out by differential methylation hybridization (DMH) and real-time PCR. The real-time PCR based HeavyMethyl technology was used for quantitative analysis of DNA methylation of SHOX2 using bronchial aspirates from two clinical centres in a case-control study. Fresh-frozen and Saccomanno-fixed samples were used to show the tumor marker performance in different sample types of clinical relevance. RESULTS Valid measurements were obtained from a total of 523 patient samples (242 controls, 281 cases). DNA methylation of SHOX2 allowed to distinguish between malignant and benign lung disease, i.e. abscesses, infections, obstructive lung diseases, sarcoidosis, scleroderma, stenoses, at high specificity (68% sensitivity [95% CI 62-73%], 95% specificity [95% CI 91-97%]). CONCLUSIONS Hypermethylation of SHOX2 in bronchial aspirates appears to be a clinically useful tumor marker for identifying subjects with lung carcinoma, especially if histological and cytological findings after bronchoscopy are ambiguous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernd Schmidt
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Halle (Saale), Halle, Germany
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Schlegel T. Nichts ist unmöglich! – innovative Kooperationsmodelle zwischen Praxen, zwischen Kliniken und zwischen Praxen und Kliniken. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1269980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Schmidt B, Liebenberg V, Dietrich D, Schlegel T, Kneip C, Seegebarth A, Flemming N, Liloglu T, Walshaw M, Fleischhacker M, Witt C, Field J. Methylierung von SHOX2 in Bronchiallavage: ein hochspezifischer molekularer Tumormarker für das Lungenkarzinom. Pneumologie 2010. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1251121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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20
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Naumova N, Schlegel T, Tikhonchuk VT, Labaune C, Sokolov IV, Mourou G. Hole boring in a DT Pellet and Fast-Ion Ignition with Ultraintense Laser Pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:025002. [PMID: 19257282 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.025002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Recently achieved high intensities of short laser pulses open new prospects in their application to hole boring in inhomogeneous overdense plasmas and for ignition in precompressed DT fusion targets. A simple analytical model and numerical simulations demonstrate that pulses with intensities exceeding 10;{22} W/cm;{2} may penetrate deeply into the plasma as a result of efficient ponderomotive acceleration of ions in the forward direction. The penetration depth as big as hundreds of microns depends on the laser fluence, which has to exceed a few tens of GJ/cm;{2}. The fast ions, accelerated at the bottom of the channel with an efficiency of more than 20%, show a high directionality and may heat the precompressed target core to fusion conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Naumova
- Laboratoire d'Optique Appliquée, ENSTA, Ecole Polytechnique, CNRS, 91761 Palaiseau, France
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21
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Schlegel T. [Court decides practice value in contract general practice--Price agreement between buyer and seller irrelevant!]. Chirurg 2008; Suppl:95-96. [PMID: 18711822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Schlegel
- Kanzlei for Medizinrecht, Hanauer Landstr. 328-330, Frankfurt.
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Abstract
The enormous progress made in functional magnetic resonance imaging technology allows us to watch our brains engage in complex cognitive and social tasks. However, our understanding of what actually is computed in the underlying cellular networks is hindered by the vast numbers of neurons involved. Here, we describe a vertebrate system, shaped for top speed, in which a complex and plastic decision is performed by surprisingly small circuitry that can be studied at cellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schlegel
- Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Institut für Zoologie II, Staudtstrasse 5, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany
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23
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Schlegel T, Mirus O, von Haeseler A, Schleiff E. The tetratricopeptide repeats of receptors involved in protein translocation across membranes. Mol Biol Evol 2007; 24:2763-74. [PMID: 17905998 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msm211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transport of polypeptides across membranes is a general and essential process in every cell. This process is utilized by molecular machines composed of soluble and membrane-inserted proteins. At least one component of the molecular transport machines present in different membranes contains a subunit with a domain composed of 3 tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) motifs. These domains are important for protein-protein interaction, for example, recognition of chaperones. To understand the evolution of these TPR domain-containing receptors involved in protein translocation, we inferred their phylogenetic relationships. We show that the evolutionary rate of these TPR domains is reduced when compared with the remaining sequence. The reduction is explained by the interaction of the TPR domains with their substrates. Based on the TPR tree, we propose that Sec72 recognizes Hsp70 and that Tom34 recognizes Hsp90. The phylogeny can further be used to assign the localization of the Toc64 isoforms to mitochondria or chloroplasts. Our findings are discussed in the context of the evolutionary development of translocation systems with focus on the occurrence of Hsp70/Hsp90-recognizing TPR domains in these machineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schlegel
- Center for Integrative Bioinformatics Vienna, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Medical University of Vienna, Veterinary University of Vienna, Austria
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24
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Terzic A, Müller M, Hermeneit S, Schlegel T, Böttger T. Die laparoskopische Therapie der GERD – Semifunduplikatio nach Dor oder nach Toupet? Eine prospektiv randomisierte Studie. Z Gastroenterol 2007. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-988350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Brambrink E, Schlegel T, Malka G, Amthor KU, Aléonard MM, Claverie G, Gerbaux M, Gobet F, Hannachi F, Méot V, Morel P, Nicolai P, Scheurer JN, Tarisien M, Tikhonchuk V, Audebert P. Direct evidence of strongly inhomogeneous energy deposition in target heating with laser-produced ion beams. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2007; 75:065401. [PMID: 17677318 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.75.065401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2006] [Revised: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
We report on strong nonuniformities in target heating with intense, laser-produced proton beams. The observed inhomogeneity in energy deposition can strongly perturb equation of state (EOS) measurements with laser-accelerated ions which are planned in several laboratories. Interferometric measurements of the target expansion show different expansion velocities on the front and rear surfaces, indicating a strong difference in local temperature. The nonuniformity indicates at an additional heating mechanism, which seems to originate from electrons in the keV range.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Brambrink
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI), Unité Mixte No. 7605 CNRS-CEA-Ecole Polytechnique - Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Palaiseau, France.
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Bredemeier R, Schlegel T, Ertel F, Vojta A, Borissenko L, Bohnsack MT, Groll M, von Haeseler A, Schleiff E. Functional and phylogenetic properties of the pore-forming beta-barrel transporters of the Omp85 family. J Biol Chem 2006; 282:1882-90. [PMID: 17088246 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m609598200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
beta-Barrel-shaped channels of the Omp85 family are involved in the translocation or assembly of proteins of bacterial, mitochondrial, and plastidic outer membranes. We have compared these proteins to understand the evolutionary development of the translocators. We have demonstrated that the proteins from proteobacteria and mitochondria have a pore diameter that is at least five times smaller than found for the Omp85 in cyanobacteria and plastids. This finding can explain why Omp85 from cyanobacteria (but not the homologous protein from proteobacteria) was remodeled to become the protein translocation pore after endosymbiosis. Further, the pore-forming region of the Omp85 proteins is restricted to the C terminus. Based on a phylogenetic analysis we have shown that the pore-forming domain displays a different evolutionary relationship than the N-terminal domain. In line with this, the affinity of the N-terminal domain to the C-terminal region of the Omp85 from plastids and cyanobacteria differs, even though the N-terminal domain is involved in gating of the pore in both groups. We have further shown that the N-terminal domain of nOmp85 takes part in homo-oligomerization. Thereby, the differences in the phylogeny of the two domains are explained by different functional constraints acting on the regions. The pore-forming domain, however, is further divided into two functional regions, where the distal C terminus itself forms a dimeric pore. Based on functional and phylogenetic analysis, we suggest an evolutionary scenario that explains the origin of the contemporary translocon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Bredemeier
- Ludwig Maximilians University (LMU), Department of Biology I, Menzinger Strasse 67, 80638 München, Germany
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Müller M, Terzic A, Schlegel T, Böttger T. Ergebnisse der laparoskopischen Semifundoplicatio nach Dor. Zentralbl Chir 2006. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2006-944364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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29
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Brambrink E, Schreiber J, Schlegel T, Audebert P, Cobble J, Fuchs J, Hegelich M, Roth M. Transverse characteristics of short-pulse laser-produced ion beams: a study of the acceleration dynamics. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 96:154801. [PMID: 16712164 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.154801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2006] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
We report on first measurements of the transverse characteristics of laser-produced energetic ion beams in direct comparison to results for laser accelerated proton beams. The experiments show the same low emittance for ion beams as already found for protons. Additionally, we demonstrate that the divergence is influenced by the charge over mass ratio of the accelerated species. From these observations we deduced scaling laws for the divergence of ions as well as the temporal evolution of the ion source size.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Brambrink
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses (LULI) Unité Mixte n 7605 CNRS--CEA--Ecole Polytechnique--Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Palaiseau, France.
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Amselgruber WM, Büttner M, Schlegel T, Schweiger M, Pfaff E. The normal cellular prion protein (PrPc) is strongly expressed in bovine endocrine pancreas. Histochem Cell Biol 2005; 125:441-8. [PMID: 16208484 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-005-0089-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/15/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) has been shown to be crucial for the development of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and for the accumulation of the disease-associated conformer (PrP(sc)) in the brain and other tissues. One of the emerging hypotheses is that the conversion phenomenon could take place at the site where the infectious agent meets PrP(c). In this work we have studied whether PrP(c), a protein found predominantly in neurons, could also exist in pancreatic endocrine cells since neuroectoderm-derived cells and pancreatic islet cells share a large number of similarities. For this purpose we have examined the expression of PrP(c) in a series of fetal and postnatal bovine pancreatic tissue by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR. Using immunostained serial sections and specific antibodies against bovine PrP(c), insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, chromogranin A and chromogranin B we found that PrP(c) is highly expressed in all endocrine cells of fetal and adult pancreatic islets with a particular strong expression in A-cells. Moreover it became evident that the PrP(c) gene-neighbour chromogranin B as well as chromogranin A are coexpressed together with PrP(c). The selective expression of PrP(c) in the bovine endocrine pancreas is of particular importance regarding possible iatrogenic transmission routes and demonstrates also that bovine pancreatic islet cells could represent an interesting model to study the control of PrP-gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- W M Amselgruber
- Institute of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Fruhwirthstr. 35, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany.
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Schlegel T, Sauer SK, Handwerker HO, Reeh PW. Responsiveness of C-fiber nociceptors to punctate force-controlled stimuli in isolated rat skin: lack of modulation by inflammatory mediators and flurbiprofen. Neurosci Lett 2004; 361:163-7. [PMID: 15135919 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2003.12.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Although cutaneous C-fiber nociceptors show dramatic inflammatory sensitization to heat, they do not appear to get sensitized to the mechanical stimulation by von Frey hairs. We employed force-controlled punctate electromechanical stimulation to receptive fields of 61 characterized C-fibers in the isolated rat skin-saphenous nerve preparation. In general: low-in contrast to higher-threshold units showed greater dynamic sensitivity and response magnitude, an earlier onset and a stronger degree of adaptation, the latter due to the linear rise of the force stimulus. On this methodological basis three groups of units were subject to a mix of inflammatory mediators, to flurbiprofen or to control solution. Subsequent mechanostimulation revealed a good reproducibility of the control response and no significant changes in the treatment groups. In conclusion, even refined mechanostimulation was unable to demonstrate sensitization of the predominant nociceptor classes in the rat skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schlegel
- Institut für Physiologie und Experimentelle Pathophysiologie, Universität Erlangen/Nürnberg, Universitätsstrasse 17, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
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Schlegel T, Faller CM. [Nursing case--increasingly more children are liable for their parents]. Kinderkrankenschwester 2004; 23:252. [PMID: 16130928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Teubner U, Eidmann K, Wagner U, Andiel U, Pisani F, Tsakiris GD, Witte K, Meyer-ter-Vehn J, Schlegel T, Förster E. Harmonic emission from the rear side of thin overdense foils irradiated with intense ultrashort laser pulses. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:185001. [PMID: 15169492 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.185001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The harmonic emission from thin solid carbon and aluminum foils, irradiated by 150 fs long frequency-doubled Ti:sapphire laser pulses at lambda=395 nm and peak intensities of a few 10(18) W/cm(2), has been studied. In addition to the harmonics emitted from the front side in the specular direction, we observe harmonics up to the 10th order, including the fundamental from the rear side in the direction of the incident beam, while the foil is still strongly overdense. The experimental observations are well reproduced by particle-in-cell simulations. They reveal that strong coupling between the laser-irradiated side and the rear side occurs via the nonlocal electron current driven by the laser light.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Teubner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Kozyreva A, Basko M, Rosmej FB, Schlegel T, Tauschwitz A, Hoffmann DHH. Dynamic confinement of targets heated quasi-isochorically with heavy ion beams. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2003; 68:056406. [PMID: 14682893 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.68.056406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2003] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Isochoric heating of matter by intense heavy ion beams promises to become a fruitful approach to warm dense matter studies. For heating times that are long on the hydrodynamic time scale of the target response a tamped target is essential. The proposed dynamic confinement provides homogeneous target heating by a low-Z tamper, which allows one to apply powerful x-ray scattering diagnostics. To demonstrate the potential of the method, heating of a hydrogen sample with the SIS-18 beam at GSI Darmstadt is investigated numerically. The intense x-ray bursts for diagnostics can be provided by the PHELIX laser currently installed at GSI. In the optimized heating regime, density variations can be reduced to a level of 15% from the initial density value.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kozyreva
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Darmstadt, Germany.
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Schlegel T, Faller CM. [Health care without limits: internet telematics change the health services]. Kinderkrankenschwester 2003; 22:452. [PMID: 16134640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The third eyelid of domestic animals is important for the production and distribution of tears, in removing ocular debris and in protection of the globe, and has significant immunologic functions. Although it is known that tears contain antibodies of the immunoglobulin A (IgA) isotype which are produced mainly by plasma cells of the lacrimal gland, very little is known about the antibody repertoires in the third eyelid of domestic animals. To assess whether IgA is derived from local synthesis, we analyzed the location of IgA-producing cells and the cellular distribution of secretory component (SC) in the third eyelid of domestic animals in a comparative study. ANIMAL STUDIED A total of 83 third eyelids of dogs, cats, pigs, cows, sheep, goats and horses were investigated in the course of this study. PROCEDURES Third eyelids were obtained immediately after death, cut length-wise, fixed overnight and processed for immunohistochemical detection of IgA and SC by the ABC technique. RESULTS The results show that IgA-producing plasma cells are densely populated in subepithelial spaces of the surface epithelium as well as in the nictitating gland in a species-specific manner. In contrast, the SC could be demonstrated exclusively in glandular acinar and ductal epithelial cells and in different cell types of the surface epithelium, preferentially located on the bulbar side of the nictitating membrane. CONCLUSION It is suggested that most of the SC is locally produced by resident plasma cells and subsequently transferred through the surface epithelium and glandular duct cells by transcytosis. This indicates that the third eyelid is an important member of the secretory immune system in domestic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schlegel
- Institute of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Fruwirthstr. 35, D-70599 Stuttgart, Germany
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Abstract
The purpose of this comparative study was to evaluate morphological differences between the cartilages of the third eyelid in dogs, cats, pigs, cows, small ruminants and horses. For that reason a total of 83 third eyelids were investigated. By the aid of a modified maceration technique, the three-dimensional form of the cartilage could be demonstrated for the first time. Generally, the cartilage consists of a long narrow appendix which is followed by a variable crossbar. In dogs the appendix is cone shaped in the basal end and extends to form a triangular plate. The former is crescent-like in shape and has a marked bulge. The cartilage of the cat consists of an appendix which is enlarged in the proximal end as compared to the dog. The crossbar resembles a reverse s-form with ends tapering off to a point. In contrast pig and cow cartilage possess a typical anchorform whereas the cartilage of small ruminants starts with a thin rod which extends in a slightly curved form ending in an oval plate. The crossbar is crescent-like in these animals. In the horse the base of the cartilage is surrounded by a massive fatty tissue and the crossbar has a characteristic hook-form. Moreover, there are significant differences in regard to the quality of the cartilage, especially concerning the presence and distribution of elastic fibres. In cats and horses the elastic fibres of the adjacent connective tissue penetrate the perichondrium. Additionally, the centre of the cartilage shows a very dense network consisting of fine elastic fibres. In dogs, pigs, cows and small ruminants the cartilage consists of hyaline quality and only in the neighbouring connective tissue are some elastic fibres detectable.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schlegel
- Institute of Anatomy and Physiology, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Pretzler G, Schlegel T, Fill E, Eder D. Hot-electron generation in copper and photopumping of cobalt. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:5618-5623. [PMID: 11089120 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.5618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2000] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Hot electrons generated upon interaction of p-polarized 130 fs laser pulses with copper and penetrating into the target material are characterized with respect to their energy distribution and directionality. "Experimental" data are obtained by comparing the rear-side x-ray emission from layered targets with Monte Carlo electron-photon transport simulations. Theoretical electron energy distributions are derived by means of a one and a half-dimensional particle-in-cell code. Both sets of data consist of a two-temperature distribution of electrons propagating in a direction almost perpendicular to the target surface. The "experimental" data contain a considerably higher population of the lower temperature electrons. The discrepancy is explained by the intensity distribution of the laser spot. The results are used to design an experiment for demonstrating photopumping of cobalt with copper Kalpha radiation. A 10 &mgr;m copper foil is backed with 1 mm of polyethylene (PE) followed by 10 &mgr;m of cobalt, the rear-side Kalpha emission of which is measured. The PE layer prevents fast electrons from reaching the cobalt. Comparing the cobalt Kalpha emission with that of nickel, which is not photopumped by copper Kalpha shows enhancement by almost a factor of 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Pretzler
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Eidmann K, Meyer-Ter-Vehn J, Schlegel T, Huller S. Hydrodynamic simulation of subpicosecond laser interaction with solid-density matter. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 2000; 62:1202-1214. [PMID: 11088579 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.62.1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/1999] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The interaction of ultrashort subpicosecond laser pulses with initially cold and solid matter is investigated in a wide intensity range (10(11) to 10(17) W/cm(2)) by means of the hydrodynamic code MULTI-FS, which is an extension of the long pulse version of MULTI [R. Ramis, R. Schmalz, and J. Meyer-ter-Vehn, Comput. Phys. Commun. 49, 475 (1988)]. Essential modifications for the treatment of ultrashort pulses are the solution of Maxwell's equations in a steep gradient plasma, consideration of the nonequilibrium between electrons and ions, and a model for the electrical and thermal conductivity covering the wide range from the solid state to the high temperature plasma. The simulations are compared with several absorption measurements performed with aluminum targets at normal and oblique incidence. Good agreement is obtained by an appropriate choice of the electron-ion energy exchange time (characterized by 10 to 20 ps in cold solid Al). In addition we discuss the intensity scaling of the temperature, of the pressure, and of the density, where the laser energy is deposited in the expanding plasma, as well as the propagation of the heat wave and the shock wave into the solid. For laser pulse durations >/=150 fs considered in this paper the amount of isochorically heated matter at solid density is determined by the depth of the electron heat wave in the whole intensity range.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Eidmann
- Max-Planck-Institut fur Quantenoptik, Hans Kopfermannstrasse 1, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Bastiani S, Audebert P, Geindre JP, Schlegel T, Gauthier JC, Quoix C, Hamoniaux G, Grillon G, Antonetti A. Hot-electron distribution functions in a subpicosecond laser interaction with solid targets of varying initial gradient scale lengths. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 60:3439-42. [PMID: 11970168 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.3439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/1999] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the distribution function of the hot electrons produced during the interaction of a 120-fs, 60-mJ, 800-nm wavelength and a p-polarized laser pulse with bilayered Al/Fe targets. The main pulse interacts with a preformed plasma, obtained with a controlled prepulse, whose density gradient scale length has been measured. The electron distribution function is characterized by means of the Kalpha emission of the two materials of the target as a function of the Al-layer thickness. The low-energy region (<50 keV) of the hot-electron distribution function shows no dependency in shape on the gradient scale length, but only a variation in the total number of the generated electrons. The comparison between the experimental results and the particle-in-cell and Monte Carlo calculations of the electron distribution function and the Kalpha emission is gratifying.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bastiani
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, UMR No. 7605 CNRS, Ecole Polytechnique, CEA, Université Paris VI, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Schlegel T, Bastiani S, Grémillet L, Geindre JP, Audebert P, Gauthier JC, Lefebvre E, Bonnaud G, Delettrez J. Comparison of measured and calculated X-ray and hot-electron production in short-pulse laser-solid interactions at moderate intensities. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 60:2209-17. [PMID: 11970015 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.2209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/1998] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort pulse laser-solid interaction experiments with 4x10(16) W/cm(2),120 fs, 45 degrees incidence angle, p-polarized pulses are theoretically analyzed with the help of 1(1/2)-dimensional (1(1/2) D) particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations. The laser impinges upon preformed plasmas with a precisely controlled density-gradient scale-length. PIC electron distribution functions are used as an input to 3D Monte Carlo simulations to interpret measured electron distributions and Kalpha radiation emission. Satisfactory agreement between the experimental and simulation results is obtained for the measured absorption coefficient, the energy distribution of the back-scattered hot electrons, the hot-electron temperature in the bulk of the target, and the Kalpha yield, when the preplasma scale-length is varied.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schlegel
- Laboratoire pour l'Utilisation des Lasers Intenses, UMR No. 7605, CNRS-Ecole Polytechnique, CEA-Université Paris VI, Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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Lange GW, Hintermeister RA, Schlegel T, Dillman CJ, Steadman JR. Electromyographic and kinematic analysis of graded treadmill walking and the implications for knee rehabilitation. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 1996; 23:294-301. [PMID: 8728527 DOI: 10.2519/jospt.1996.23.5.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Muscle activity, joints, angles, and heart rate during uphill walking were compared for application in knee rehabilitation. The objectives of this study were to quantify muscle activation levels at different treadmill grades and to determine the grade(s) at which knee range of motion would not further compromise the joint. Average and peak electromyographic activity of the quadriceps (vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis) and hamstrings (biceps femoris and medial hamstrings (semimembranosus/semitendinosus)] was recorded during walking at 0, 12, and 24% grade. Six subjects (age = 28.5 +/- 3.7 years, stature = 1.79 +/- .05 m, and mass = 74.7 +/- 7.9 kg) walked at self-selected speeds at each grade while ankle, knee and hip angles, heart rate, and electromyographic activity (surface electrodes) were recorded. Maximum voluntary contractions provided a relative reference for the electromyographic activity during walking. Average and peak electromyographic activity increased significantly across grades for the vastus medialis oblique (125 and 154%), vastus lateralis (109 and 139%), and biceps femoris (53 and 46%), but remained similar for the medial hamstrings. Maximum knee flexion at heel strike increased significantly with grade. Despite decreased self-selected speeds with increasing grade, there were significant increases in heart rate across grades. The results of this study provide a basic understanding of the quadriceps and hamstrings activity levels, lower extremity joint range of motion, and cardiovascular requirements of graded treadmill walking in normal subjects. The results also suggest that a grade just greater than 12% may be most beneficial for knee rehabilitation to minimize patellofemoral discomfort or potential strain on the anterior cruciate ligament. The benefits achieved through this functional activity encourage its implementation in rehabilitation and provide a basis for comparison with injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Lange
- Rehabilitation and Human Performance Laboratory, Steadman Hawkins Sports Medicine Foundation, Vail, CO 81657, USA
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Kalashnikov MP, Nickles PV, Schlegel T, Schnuerer M, Billhardt F, Will I, Sandner W, Demchenko NN. Dynamics of laser-plasma interaction at 10(1)8 W/cm2. Phys Rev Lett 1994; 73:260-263. [PMID: 10057125 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.73.260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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Lange GW, Hintermeister RA, Schlegel T, Dillman CJ, Steadman JR. 1049 EMG ANALYSIS OF THE QUADRICEPS AND HAMSTRINGS DURING GRADED TREADMILL EXERCISE ON TWO DIFFERENT SURFACES. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1994. [DOI: 10.1249/00005768-199405001-01051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Stefan H, Schneider S, Feistel H, Pawlik G, Schüler P, Abraham-Fuchs K, Schlegel T, Neubauer U, Huk WJ. Ictal and interictal activity in partial epilepsy recorded with multichannel magnetoelectroencephalography: correlation of electroencephalography/electrocorticography, magnetic resonance imaging, single photon emission computed tomography, and positron emission tomography findings. Epilepsia 1992; 33:874-87. [PMID: 1396430 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1157.1992.tb02195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ictal and interictal epileptic activity was recorded for the first time by multichannel magnetoencephalography (MEG) in three patients with partial epilepsy. Pre- and intra-operative localization of the epileptogenic region was compared. The interictal epileptic activity was localized at the same region of the temporal or frontal lobe as the ictal activity. Main zones of ictal activity were shown to evolve from the tissue at the centers of interictal activity. Pre- and intra-operative electrocorticography (ECoG) as well as postoperative outcome confirmed localization in the temporal and frontal lobe. Results also correlated with findings from scalp EEG, interictal and ictal single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Combined multichannel MEG/EEG recording permitted dipole localization of interictal and ictal activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Stefan
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
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Schlegel T, Kurella B, Heitmann A, Meister K, Brzozowski M. [Automatic sleep analysis--II. Determination of sleep stages]. EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Elektromyogr Verwandte Geb 1990; 21:103-10. [PMID: 2113455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The presented automatic sleep analysis is based on the time courses of the mean amplitudes of EEG (delta, beta and alpha bands), EMG and motility and specific patterns (spindles, REMs, delta waves greater than 40 microV) detected automatically. The interindividual variability of the parameters is taken into consideration by interactively determining the threshold levels. Sleep stages are classified for every epoch using context free decision rules according to the manual of Rechtschaffen and Kales. The resulting cyclograms are smoothed and corrected using context sensitive rules which considers the successive epochs and the probability of stage transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schlegel
- Zentralklinik für Psychiatrie und Neurologie, W. Griesinger Berlin, DDR
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Schlegel T, Kurella B, Meister K. [Automatic sleep analysis. I. Scoring of parameters]. EEG EMG Z Elektroenzephalogr Elektromyogr Verwandte Geb 1990; 21:13-9. [PMID: 2110884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
EEG, EOG, EMG and motility are recorded and preprocessed by hardware filtering of EEG and hardware detection of sigma spindles, rapid eye movements (REMs) and delta-waves (greater than 45 microV). After AD-conversion calculation of mean values and smoothing, the sleep-wake-process can be represented by the time-curves of 8 parameters: mean amplitudes per epoch (30 s) of EMG, motility and EEG (in the delta- alpha- and beta-band), delta-time (time/epoch of counted delta-waves) and presence or absence of spindles and REMs per epoch. These parameters can be presented graphically or stored for further analysis of sleep stages, sleep structure or sleep periodicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Schlegel
- Zentralklinik für Psychiatrie und Neurologie W. Griesinger, Berlin, DDR
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Schlegel T, Kurella B, Meister K. Automatic analysis of sleep stages, the adaptive approach. Int J Psychophysiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0167-8760(89)90316-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Schlegel T, Rätzsch MT, Kehlen H. Kontinuierliche Thermodynamik des Hochdruckphasengleichgewichtes Ethylen + Polyethylen. 1. Besonderheiten in der Nähe des kritischen Punktes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1002/actp.1986.010370301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ilyin EA, Oganov VS, Shlyk GG, Verigo VV, Hecht K, Poppei M, Schlegel T, Wahtel E, Zass D. Biorhythms of rats during and after space flight. Physiologist 1980; 23:S30-3. [PMID: 7243932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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