1
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Perera TA, Taylor WV, Gildner MB, Reinheimer EW, Ito S, Nelson A, Yost SR, Hudnall TW. Photochemical reactions of a diamidocarbene: cyclopropanation of bromonaphthalene, addition to pyridine, and activation of sp 3 C-H bonds. Chem Sci 2023; 14:7867-7874. [PMID: 37502328 PMCID: PMC10370591 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc05122b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
We report unprecedented photochemistry for the diamidocarbene 1. Described within are the double cyclopropanation of 1-bromonaphthalene, the double addition to pyridine, and remarkably, the insertion into the unactivated sp3 C-H bonds of cyclohexane, tetramethylsilane, and n-pentane to give compounds 2-6, respectively. All compounds have been fully characterized, and the solid state structure of 4 was obtained using single crystal electron diffraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi A Perera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University 601 University Dr San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - William V Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University 601 University Dr San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - M Brenton Gildner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University 601 University Dr San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Eric W Reinheimer
- Rigaku Americas Corporation 9009 New Trails Dr, The Woodlands TX 77381 USA
| | - Sho Ito
- Rigaku Corporation 3-9-12, Matsubara Akishima Tokyo 196-8666 Japan
| | - Anna Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University 601 University Dr San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Shane R Yost
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University 601 University Dr San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Todd W Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University 601 University Dr San Marcos TX 78666 USA
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2
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Hudnall TW, Reinheimer EW, Dorsey CL. Synthesis, crystal structure determination, and spectroscopic analyses of 1-chloro-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-azaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione: an unyielding precursor to a cyclic (alkyl)(amido)carbene. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2021; 77:411-419. [PMID: 34216447 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229621006173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis, single-crystal X-ray structure, and 1H and 13C NMR spectrocopic analyses of an unyielding precursor molecule to a cyclic (alkyl)(amido)carbene, 1-chloro-2-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-azaspiro[5.5]undecane-3,5-dione, C24H34ClNO2 (1), is reported. Despite the use of several bases, 1 could not be deprotonated to afford the corresponding carbene. The crystal structure of 1 was compared to the crystal structures of two structurally similar HCl adducts of stable carbenes (compounds 4 and 5), which revealed no significant differences in the geometries about the `carbene' C atoms. To better understand the reactivity differences observed for 1 when compared to 4 and 5, modified percent buried volume (%Vbur) calculations were performed. These calculations revealed that the H atom bound to the carbene C atom is the most sterically hindered in compound 1 when compared to 4 and 5 (%Vbur = 84.9, 81.3, and 79.3% for 1, 4, and 5, respectively). Finally, close inspection of the quadrant-specific %Vbur values indicated that the approach of a deprotonating base to the H atom bound to the carbene C atom is significantly blocked in 1 (69.9%) when compared to 4 and 5 (50.4 and 56.5%, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
| | - Eric W Reinheimer
- Rigaku Americas Corporation, 9009 New Trails Dr., The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA
| | - Christopher L Dorsey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, TX 78666, USA
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3
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Wang L, Liu L, Chen J, Mohsin A, Yum JH, Hudnall TW, Bielawski CW, Rajh T, Bai X, Gao S, Gu G. Synthesis of Honeycomb‐Structured Beryllium Oxide via Graphene Liquid Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202007244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy London Centre for Nanotechnology Thomas Young Centre University College London London WC1H 0AJ UK
- School of physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ali Mohsin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Jung Hwan Yum
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas State University San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Tijana Rajh
- Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shang‐Peng Gao
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Gong Gu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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4
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Wang L, Liu L, Chen J, Mohsin A, Yum JH, Hudnall TW, Bielawski CW, Rajh T, Bai X, Gao S, Gu G. Synthesis of Honeycomb‐Structured Beryllium Oxide via Graphene Liquid Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:15734-15740. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202007244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lifen Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Engineering Peking University Beijing 100871 China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy London Centre for Nanotechnology Thomas Young Centre University College London London WC1H 0AJ UK
- School of physics Peking University Beijing 100871 China
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ali Mohsin
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
| | - Jung Hwan Yum
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas State University San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials (CMCM) Institute for Basic Science (IBS) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry and Department of Engineering Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST) Ulsan 44919 Republic of Korea
| | - Tijana Rajh
- Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Lemont IL 60439 USA
| | - Xuedong Bai
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 China
| | - Shang‐Peng Gao
- Department of Materials Science Fudan University Shanghai 200433 China
| | - Gong Gu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Tennessee Knoxville TN 37996 USA
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5
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van Rixel VHS, Ramu V, Auyeung AB, Beztsinna N, Leger DY, Lameijer LN, Hilt ST, Le Dévédec SE, Yildiz T, Betancourt T, Gildner MB, Hudnall TW, Sol V, Liagre B, Kornienko A, Bonnet S. Photo-Uncaging of a Microtubule-Targeted Rigidin Analogue in Hypoxic Cancer Cells and in a Xenograft Mouse Model. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:18444-18454. [PMID: 31625740 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Marine alkaloid rigidins are cytotoxic compounds known to kill cancer cells at nanomolar concentrations by targeting the microtubule network. Here, a rigidin analogue containing a thioether group was "caged" by coordination of its thioether group to a photosensitive ruthenium complex. In the dark, the coordinated ruthenium fragment prevented the rigidin analogue from inhibiting tubulin polymerization and reduced its toxicity in 2D cancer cell line monolayers, 3D lung cancer tumor spheroids (A549), and a lung cancer tumor xenograft (A549) in nude mice. Photochemical activation of the prodrug upon green light irradiation led to the photosubstitution of the thioether ligand by water, thereby releasing the free rigidin analogue capable of inhibiting the polymerization of tubulin. In cancer cells, such photorelease was accompanied by a drastic reduction of cell growth, not only when the cells were grown in normoxia (21% O2) but also remarkably in hypoxic conditions (1% O2). In vivo, low toxicity was observed at a dose of 1 mg·kg-1 when the compound was injected intraperitoneally, and light activation of the compound in the tumor led to 30% tumor volume reduction, which represents the first demonstration of the safety and efficacy of ruthenium-based photoactivated chemotherapy compounds in a tumor xenograft.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David Y Leger
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA7500, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Limoges , 2 rue du Dr Marcland , 87025 Limoges , France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Vincent Sol
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA7500, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Limoges , 2 rue du Dr Marcland , 87025 Limoges , France
| | - Bertrand Liagre
- Laboratoire PEIRENE EA7500, Faculté de Pharmacie , Université de Limoges , 2 rue du Dr Marcland , 87025 Limoges , France
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6
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Abstract
Cyclic(aryl)(amido)carbenes were synthesized, and studied via a combination of experimental and computational approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Brenton Gildner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos
- USA
| | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos
- USA
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7
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Melancon KM, Gildner MB, Hudnall TW. Synthesis, Spectroscopic Characterization, and Redox Reactivity of a Cyclic (Alkyl) Amino Carbene-Derived Arsamethine Cyanine Dye. Chemistry 2018; 24:9264-9268. [PMID: 29775499 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In our efforts to prepare a diarsenic allotrope supported by two cyclic alkyl amino carbene (CAAC) ligands we stumbled upon the synthesis of the first carbene-supported chloroarsinidene 3, which has been fully characterized by a combination of NMR spectroscopic and XRD methods. Although further reduction of 3 was not possible, we found that addition of a second equivalent of CAAC in refluxing toluene afforded the first example of a crystallographically characterized arsamethine cyanine dye (4). The arsenic(I) dye is structurally similar to phosphorus analogues, and contains an arsenide anion with two stereochemically active lone pairs supported by two iminium ligands. The UV/Visible spectrum and redox chemistry of 4 were also explored. Upon reduction with one equivalent of KC8 , 3 is reduced to the originally targeted CAAC2 As2 allotrope 6, whereas oxidation provides access to the first example of an arsenic(II) radical dication (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kortney M Melancon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - M Brenton Gildner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
| | - Todd W Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Dr., San Marcos, TX, 78666, USA
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8
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Perera TA, Reinheimer EW, Hudnall TW. Photochemically Switching Diamidocarbene Spin States Leads to Reversible Büchner Ring Expansions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:14807-14814. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b09264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tharushi A. Perera
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
| | - Eric W. Reinheimer
- Rigaku Americas Corporation, 9009 New Trails Drive, The Woodlands, Texas 77381, United States
| | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, 601 University Drive, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United States
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9
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Hudnall TW, Dorsey CL, Jones JS, Gabbaï FP. Frontispiece: Stepwise Reduction of an α-Phosphonio-Carbocation to a Crystalline Phosphorus Radical Cation and an Acridinyl-Phosphorus Ylide. Chemistry 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201680961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University; San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Christopher L. Dorsey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University; San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - James S. Jones
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry; Texas A&M University; College Station TX 77843 USA
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10
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Hudnall TW, Dorsey CL, Jones JS, Gabbaï FP. Stepwise Reduction of an α‐Phosphonio–Carbocation to a Crystalline Phosphorus Radical Cation and an Acridinyl–Phosphorus Ylide. Chemistry 2016; 22:2882-6. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201504744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas State University San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Christopher L. Dorsey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Texas State University San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - James S. Jones
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry Texas A&M University College Station TX 77843 USA
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11
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Arias Ugarte R, Devarajan D, Mushinski RM, Hudnall TW. Antimony(v) cations for the selective catalytic transformation of aldehydes into symmetric ethers, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, and 1,3,5-trioxanes. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:11150-61. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt02121b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
1-Diphenylphosphinonaphthyl-8-triphenylstibonium triflate ([2][OTf]) was prepared in excellent yield. This antimony(v) cation was found to selectively catalyze the transformation of aldehydes into symmetric ethers, α,β-unsaturated aldehydes, and 1,3,5-trioxanes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renzo Arias Ugarte
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos
- USA
| | - Deepa Devarajan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos
- USA
| | - Ryan M. Mushinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos
- USA
| | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos
- USA
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12
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Ledet AD, Hudnall TW. Reduction of a diamidocarbene-supported borenium cation: isolation of a neutral boryl-substituted radical and a carbene-stabilized aminoborylene. Dalton Trans 2016; 45:9820-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c6dt00300a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have synthesized the first diamidocarbene (DAC)-supported borenium salt which was found to readily undergo two sequential 1-electron reductions to give a boryl-substituted DAC-centred radical and a DAC-supported aminoborylene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony D. Ledet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos
- USA
| | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos
- USA
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13
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Deardorff CL, Eric Sikma R, Rhodes CP, Hudnall TW. Carbene-derived α-acyl formamidinium cations: organic molecules with readily tunable multiple redox processes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:9024-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cc06322a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Singlet carbenes can impart stability, but can also be used to tailor the electrochemical properties of redox-active organic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - R. Eric Sikma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos
- USA
| | | | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Texas State University
- San Marcos
- USA
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14
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Montalvo SJ, Hudnall TW, Feakes DA. Exploring the redox reactivity of the [B20H18]2− ion with carbon-based nucleophiles and electrophiles. J Organomet Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2015.05.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Wiggins KM, Hudnall TW, Shen Q, Kryger MJ, Moore JS, Bielawski CW. Retraction of "Mechanical reconfiguration of stereoisomers". J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:3428. [PMID: 25758672 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b01988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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16
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Torres AJ, Dorsey CL, Hudnall TW. Preparation and use of carbonyl-decorated carbenes in the activation of white phosphorus. J Vis Exp 2014:e52149. [PMID: 25350272 DOI: 10.3791/52149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Here we present a protocol for the synthesis of two distinct carbonyl-decorated carbenes. Both carbenes can be prepared using nearly identical procedures in multi-gram scale quantities. The goal of this manuscript is to clearly detail how to handle and prepare these unique carbenes such that a synthetic chemist of any skill level can work with them. The two carbenes described are a diamidocarbene (DAC, carbene 1) and a monoamidoaminocarbene (MAAC 2). These carbenes are highly electron-deficient and as such display reactivity profiles that are atypical of more traditional N-heterocyclic carbenes. Additionally, these two carbenes only differ in their electrophilic character and not their steric parameters, making them ideal for studying how carbene electronics influence reactivity. To demonstrate this phenomenon, we are also describing the activation of white phosphorus (P4) using these carbenes. Depending on the carbene used, two very different phosphorus-containing compounds can be isolated. When the DAC 1 is used, a tris(phosphaalkenyl)phosphane can be isolated as the exclusive product. Remarkably however, when MAAC 2 is added to P4 under identical reaction conditions, an unexpected carbene-supported P8 allotrope of phosphorus is isolated exclusively. Mechanistic studies demonstrate that this carbene-supported P8allotrope forms via a [2+2] cycloaddition dimerization of a transient diphosphene which has been trapped by treatment with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene.
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17
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Dorsey CL, Mushinski RM, Hudnall TW. Metal-Free Stabilization of Monomeric Antimony(I): A Carbene-Supported Stibinidene. Chemistry 2014; 20:8914-7. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201403578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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18
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Rodrigues RR, Dorsey CL, Arceneaux CA, Hudnall TW. Phosphaalkene vs. phosphinidene: the nature of the P–C bond in carbonyl-decorated carbene → PPh adducts. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:162-4. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cc45134h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Douglas N, Neef CJ, Rogers RA, Stanley JA, Armitage J, Martin B, Hudnall TW, Brittain WJ. Reactivity of tetrahydrochromeno[2,3-b]indoles: chromic indicators of cyanide. J PHYS ORG CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/poc.3158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Douglas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Charles J. Neef
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Robert A. Rogers
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Jake A. Stanley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Jacob Armitage
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Ben Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
| | - William J. Brittain
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; Texas State University - San Marcos; 601 University Drive San Marcos TX 78666 USA
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20
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Dorsey CL, Squires BM, Hudnall TW. Inside Cover: Isolation of a Neutral P 8Cluster by [2+2] Cycloaddition of a Diphosphene Facilitated by Carbene Activation of White Phosphorus (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 16/2013). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201302123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Dorsey CL, Squires BM, Hudnall TW. Innentitelbild: Isolation of a Neutral P 8Cluster by [2+2] Cycloaddition of a Diphosphene Facilitated by Carbene Activation of White Phosphorus (Angew. Chem. 16/2013). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201302123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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22
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Dorsey CL, Squires BM, Hudnall TW. Isolation of a Neutral P8Cluster by [2+2] Cycloaddition of a Diphosphene Facilitated by Carbene Activation of White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013; 52:4462-5. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201301137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Dorsey CL, Squires BM, Hudnall TW. Isolation of a Neutral P8Cluster by [2+2] Cycloaddition of a Diphosphene Facilitated by Carbene Activation of White Phosphorus. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201301137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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24
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Mushinski RM, Squires BM, Sincerbox KA, Hudnall TW. Amino-Acrylamido Carbenes: Modulating Carbene Reactivity via Decoration with an α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Moiety. Organometallics 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/om300401t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M. Mushinski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United
States
| | - Brian M. Squires
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United
States
| | - Katherine A. Sincerbox
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United
States
| | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Texas State University, San Marcos, Texas 78666, United
States
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25
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Wiggins KM, Hudnall TW, Tennyson AG, Bielawski CW. Retracted article: Selective scission of pyridine–boronium complexes: mechanical generation of Brønsted bases and polymerizationcatalysts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0jm03619f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Li Z, Lin TP, Liu S, Huang CW, Hudnall TW, Gabbaï FP, Conti PS. Rapid aqueous [18F]-labeling of a bodipy dye for positron emission tomography/fluorescence dual modality imaging. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:9324-6. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13089g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Andrew G. Tennyson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Park JS, Karnas E, Ohkubo K, Chen P, Kadish KM, Fukuzumi S, Bielawski CW, Hudnall TW, Lynch VM, Sessler JL. Ion-Mediated Electron Transfer in a Supramolecular Donor-Acceptor Ensemble. Science 2010; 329:1324-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1192044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jung Su Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712–0165, USA
| | - Elizabeth Karnas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712–0165, USA
| | - Kei Ohkubo
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ping Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204–5003, USA
| | - Karl M. Kadish
- Department of Chemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204–5003, USA
| | - Shunichi Fukuzumi
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Department of Bioinspired Science, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712–0165, USA
| | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712–0165, USA
| | - Vincent M. Lynch
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712–0165, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Sessler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University Station-A5300, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78712–0165, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul 120-749, Korea
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Hudnall TW, Moorhead EJ, Gusev DG, Bielawski CW. N,N′-Diamidoketenimines via Coupling of Isocyanides to an N-Heterocyclic Carbene. J Org Chem 2010; 75:2763-6. [DOI: 10.1021/jo100427g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Eric J. Moorhead
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Dmitry G. Gusev
- Department of Chemistry, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Wiggins
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas
at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas
at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Qilong Shen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas
at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Matthew J. Kryger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas
at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas
at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas
at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, and Department of Chemistry, University
of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801
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Hudnall TW, Bielawski CW. An N,N′-Diamidocarbene: Studies in C−H Insertion, Reversible Carbonylation, and Transition-Metal Coordination Chemistry. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:16039-41. [DOI: 10.1021/ja907481w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Christopher W. Bielawski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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Abstract
Because of the ubiquity of fluoride ions and their potential toxicity at high doses, researchers would like to design receptors that selectively detect this anion. Fluoride is found in drinking water, toothpaste, and osteoporosis drugs. In addition, fluoride ions also can be detected as an indicator of uranium enrichment (via hydrolysis of UF(6)) or of the chemical warfare agent sarin, which releases the ion upon hydrolysis. However, because of its high hydration enthalpy, the fluoride anion is one of the most challenging targets for anion recognition. Among the various recognition strategies that are available, researchers have focused a great deal of attention on Lewis acidic boron compounds. These molecules typically interact with fluoride anions to form the corresponding fluoroborate species. In the case of simple triarylboranes, the fluoroborates are formed in organic solvents but not in water. To overcome this limitation, this Account examines various methods we have pursued to increase the fluoride-binding properties of boron-based receptors. We first considered the use of bifunctional boranes, which chelate the fluoride anion, such as 1,8-diborylnaphthalenes or heteronuclear 1-boryl-8-mercurio-naphthalenes. In these molecules, the neighboring Lewis acidic atoms can cooperatively interact with the anionic guest. Although the fluoride binding constants of the bifunctional compounds exceed those of neutral monofunctional boranes by several orders of magnitude, the incompatibility of these systems with aqueous media limits their utility. More recently, we have examined simple triarylboranes whose ligands are decorated by cationic ammonium or phosphonium groups. These cationic groups increase the electrophilic character of these boranes, and unlike their neutral analogs, they are able to complex fluoride in aqueous media. We have also considered cationic boranes, which form chelate complexes with fluoride anions. Our work demonstrates that Coulombic and chelate effects are additive and can be combined to boost the anion affinity of Lewis acidic hosts. The boron compounds that we have investigated present a set of photophysical and electrochemical properties that can serve to signal the fluoride-binding event. We can also apply this approach to cyanide complexation and are continuing our investigations in that area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W. Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - Ching-Wen Chiu
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
| | - François P. Gabbaï
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
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Kim Y, Hudnall TW, Bouhadir G, Bourissou D, Gabbaï FP. Azide ion recognition in water–CHCl3 using a chelating phosphonium borane as a receptor. Chem Commun (Camb) 2009:3729-31. [DOI: 10.1039/b905232a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
The phosphonium borane [1-Mes2B-2-MePh2P-(C6H4)]+ ([2]+) has been synthesized as an iodide salt by alkylation of 1-Mes2B-2-Ph2P-(C6H4) with MeI. This novel cationic borane complexes fluoride to afford the corresponding zwitterionic fluoroborate complex 1-FMes2B-2-MePh2P-(C6H4) (2-F) with a binding constant in MeOH exceeding that of 1-Mes2B-4-MePh2P-(C6H4) ([1]+) by at least 4 orders of magnitude. Structural and computational results indicate that the high fluorophilicity of [2]+ arises from both Coulombic and cooperative effects which lead to formation of a B-F-->P interaction with a F-->P distance of 2.666(2) A. These results, which are supported by NBO and AIM analyses, show that the latent phosphorus-centered Lewis acidity of the phosphonium moiety in [2]+ can be exploited to enhance fluoride binding via chelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Dorsey CL, Jewula P, Hudnall TW, Hoefelmeyer JD, Taylor TJ, Honesty NR, Chiu CW, Schulte M, Gabbaï FP. Fluoride ion complexation by a B2/Hg heteronuclear tridentate lewis acid. Dalton Trans 2008:4442-50. [DOI: 10.1039/b801040d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Hudnall TW, Bondi JF, Gabbaï FP. ortho-Borylated trifluoroacetanilides: synthesis and fluoride ion binding properties. Main Group Chemistry 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/10241220701596753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
With the recognition of aqueous fluoride and cyanide ions as an objective, we have investigated the anion binding properties of two isomeric ammonium boranes, namely [p-(Mes2B)C6H4(NMe3)]+ ([1]+) and [o-(Mes2B)C6H4(NMe3)]+ ([2]+). These cationic boranes, which could be obtained by reaction of the known 4- and 2-dimesitylboryl-N,N-dimethylaniline with MeOTf, have been investigated both experimentally and computationally. They both react with fluoride and cyanide ions in organic solvents to afford the corresponding fluoroborate/ or cyanoborate/ammonium zwitterions 1F, 1CN, 2F, and 2CN. In aqueous solution, however, these cationic boranes behave as remarkably selective receptors. Indeed, [1]+ only complexes cyanide ions while [2]+ only complexes fluoride ions. In H2O/DMSO 60:40 vol (HEPES 6 mM, pH 7), the cyanide binding constant of [1]+ and the fluoride binding constant of [2]+ are respectively equal to 3.9 (+/-0.1) x 108 and 910 (+/-50) M-1. Structural and computational studies indicate that both steric and electronic effects contribute to the unusual selectivity displayed by these cationic boranes. Owing to favorable Coulombic effects, the para-derivative [1]+ has a very high affinity for cyanide; yet these effects are not sufficiently intense to allow complexation of the more efficiently hydrated and less basic fluoride anion. In the case of the ortho-derivative [2]+, the proximity of the ammonium moiety leads to an increase in the Lewis acidity of the boron center thus making fluoride binding possible. However, steric effects prevent cyanide coordination to the boron center of [2]+. Finally, cation [1]+ and [2]+ bind their dedicated anions reversibly and show a negligible response in the presence of other common anions including Cl-, Br-, I-, NO3-, OAc-, H2PO4-, and HSO4-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] To verify if hydrogen-bond donor groups can assist fluoride binding at the boron center of triaryl boranes, o-(dimesitylboryl)trifluoroacetanilide has been synthesized. Reaction of this new borane with [n-Bu(4)N][F] in acetone affords the corresponding fluoroborate complex whose stability constant exceeds that of [Mes(3)BF](-) by at least 2 orders of magnitude. Presumably, the higher fluoride affinity of o-(dimesitylboryl)trifluoroacetanilide results from the cooperativity of the Lewis acidic boron center and the hydrogen-bond donor trifluoroacetamide group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Todd W Hudnall
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843, USA
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Hoppens NC, Hudnall TW, Foster A, Booth CJ. Aliphatic-aromatic copolyesters derived from 2,2,4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.20197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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